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Duchateau C, Canfyn M, Desmedt B, Kauffmann JM, Stévigny C, De Braekeleer K, Deconinck E. CBD oils on the Belgian market: A validated MRM GC-MS/MS method for routine quality control using QuEChERS sample clean up. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114344. [PMID: 34492452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quality control of CBD oils on the Belgium market showed that the CBD content not always corresponds to the label claim. There is a pressing need to develop new analytical methods specifically developed to the assay of such oily samples. Analytical issues are, however, encountered for routine analyses due to the matrix complexity, high cost of cannabinoid standards and low Δ9-THC concentrations. An oily matrix could cause technical damages to analytical instruments and reduce the lifetime of the chromatographic columns. This paper proposes a procedure combining a sample cleanup by QuEChERS, removing the oily matrix, followed by a validated MRM GC-MS/MS method for the routine analysis of CBD oil samples. Eighteen CBD samples were selected on the Belgium market for analysis. This method allows the quantification of CBD, the legality check for the Δ9-THC content by a CBN standard and the screening of seven other cannabinoids namely CBN, CBDV, CBT, CBC, Δ8-THC, THCV and CBG. The method was validated at three concentration levels (0.5-1-2% (w/v)) for CBD and (0.05-0.1-0.2% (w/v)) for CBN. The detection limits for CBT, CBD, CBC, Δ8-THC, CBN and for the other cannabinoids of interest, were 10 and 14 ng/mL respectively. The accuracy profile values for CBD and CBN showed that the β-expectation tolerance intervals did not exceed the acceptance limits of ± 20%, meaning that 90% of future measurements will be included within this error range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Duchateau
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) - Faculty of Pharmacy, RD3, Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Sciensano, Scientific Direction Physical and Chemical Health Risks, Medicines and Health Products, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat, 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michaël Canfyn
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction Physical and Chemical Health Risks, Medicines and Health Products, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat, 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Desmedt
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction Physical and Chemical Health Risks, Medicines and Health Products, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat, 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Kauffmann
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) - Faculty of Pharmacy, RD3, Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Stévigny
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) - Faculty of Pharmacy, RD3, Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris De Braekeleer
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) - Faculty of Pharmacy, RD3, Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Deconinck
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) - Faculty of Pharmacy, RD3, Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Sciensano, Scientific Direction Physical and Chemical Health Risks, Medicines and Health Products, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat, 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Christian G, Kauffmann JM. Editorial on 60th Anniversary of Talanta. Talanta 2019; 204:883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kauffmann JM, Bakirhan NK, Bozal-Palabiyik B, Uslu B, Rodriguez Gomez R, Vandeput M, A. Ozkan S. Electrochemical Detectors in Liquid Chromatography: Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. Curr Med Chem 2018; 25:4050-4065. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170609074826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to an electrochemical (EC) detector is a
complementary analytical tool compared to LC coupled with optical or mass spectrometry
detectors (LC-MS). LC-EC can be applied to the determination of molecules difficult to be
analyzed by other commercially available detectors. New EC detector design and new
working electrode material have extended the scope of application in the field of pharmaceutical
compounds analysis. Combining EC with LC-MS offers additional advantages
compared to optical detectors in terms of drug stability and drug metabolism mimicry studies.
Selected literature devoted to pharmacologically active compounds in their dosage
forms, herbal drugs in natural products, drug residues in feed and/or in biological samples
are reported in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Kauffmann
- Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Plaine CP 205/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nurgul K. Bakirhan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcin Bozal-Palabiyik
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rocio Rodriguez Gomez
- University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marie Vandeput
- Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Plaine CP 205/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
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Rodríguez-Gómez R, Vanheuverzwjin J, Souard F, Delporte C, Stevigny C, Stoffelen P, De Braekeleer K, Kauffmann JM. Determination of Three Main Chlorogenic Acids in Water Extracts of Coffee Leaves by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to an Electrochemical Detector. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E143. [PMID: 30326634 PMCID: PMC6209918 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is a beverage widely consumed in the world. The coffee species most commercialized worldwide are Arabica (Coffea arabica) and Robusta (Coffea canephora). Roasted coffee beans are the most used, but coffee leaves are also consumed as infusion in several countries for traditional medicinal purposes. They contain several interesting phenolic antioxidant compounds mainly belonging to chlorogenic acids (CGAs). In the present work, a liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (LC-EC) method was developed for the determination of three main chlorogenic acid isomers, namely 3-, 4-, and 5-caffeoylquinic acids (CQA), in coffee leaves aqueous extracts. Samples from eight coffee species, namely; Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica, Coffea humilis, Coffea mannii, Coffea charrieriana, Coffea anthonyi, and Coffea liberica var. liberica, were grown and collected in tropical greenhouses. Linearity of the calibration graphs was observed in the range from the limit of quantification to 1.0 × 10-5 M, with R² equal to 99.9% in all cases. High sensitivity was achieved with a limit of detection of 1.0 × 10-8 M for 3-CQA and 5-CQA (i.e., 3.5 µg/L) and 2.0 × 10-8 M for 4-CQA (i.e., 7.1 µg/L). The chromatographic profile of the samples harvested for each Coffea species was studied comparatively. Obtained raw data were pretreated for baseline variations and shifts in retention times between the chromatographic profiles. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to the pretreated data. According to the results, three clusters of Coffea species were found. In the water sample extracts, 5-CQA appeared to be the major isomer, and some species contained a very low amount of CQAs. Fluctuations were observed depending on the Coffea species and harvesting period. Significant differences between January and July were noticed regarding CQAs content. The species with the best CQAs/caffeine ratio was identified. The LC-EC data were validated by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Rodríguez-Gómez
- Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, RD3-Unit of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jérôme Vanheuverzwjin
- Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, RD3-Unit of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Florence Souard
- Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, RD3-Unit of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacochemistry, Université de Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, RD3-Unit of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
- Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, CP 205/05, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Caroline Stevigny
- Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, RD3-Unit of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Piet Stoffelen
- Botanic Garden Meise, Domein van Bouchout, Nieuwe laan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium.
| | - Kris De Braekeleer
- Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, RD3-Unit of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Michel Kauffmann
- Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, RD3-Unit of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 205/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Vandeput M, Rodríguez-Gómez R, Izere AM, Zafra-Gómez A, De Braekeleer K, Delporte C, Van Antwerpen P, Kauffmann JM. Electrochemical Studies of Ethoxyquin and its Determination in Salmon Samples by Flow Injection Analysis with an Amperometric Dual Detector. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vandeput
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Rocío Rodríguez-Gómez
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Ange-Michaëlla Izere
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Granada; Campus of Fuentenueva E-18071 Granada Spain
| | - Kris De Braekeleer
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe Campus Plaine CP 205/05, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe Campus Plaine CP 205/05, 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Kauffmann
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Université libre de Bruxelles; Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine CP 205/06, 1050 Brussels Belgium
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Watanabe H, Murakami K, Imazawa H, Kauffmann JM. Determination of Three Capsaicinoids in Raw Red Pepers and Seasoning Powders by Liquid Chromatography with Coulometric Detection. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayaki Watanabe
- College of Analytical Chemistry; 2-1-1 Tenma Kita-ku Osaka 530-0043 Japan
| | - Kazuo Murakami
- Tokyo Kasei University; Faculty of Domestic Science; 1-18-1, Kaga, Itabashi Tokyo 178-8602 Japan
| | - Hiroka Imazawa
- Tokyo Kasei University; Faculty of Domestic Science; 1-18-1, Kaga, Itabashi Tokyo 178-8602 Japan
| | - Jean-Michel Kauffmann
- Université Libre de Bruxelles; Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6; Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Bruxelles Belgium, Tel: 32 2 6505215
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Yardım Y, Vandeput M, Çelebi M, Şentürk Z, Kauffmann JM. A Reduced Graphene Oxide-based Electrochemical DNA Biosensor for the Detection of Interaction between Cisplatin and DNA based on Guanine and Adenine Oxidation Signals. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Yardım
- Yuzuncu Yil University; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry; 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Marie Vandeput
- Free University of Brussels; ULB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, ULB 205/6, Campus Plaine; B-1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Metin Çelebi
- Yuzuncu Yil University; Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic Chemistry; 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Zuhre Şentürk
- Yuzuncu Yil University; Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry; 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Jean-Michel Kauffmann
- Free University of Brussels; ULB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, ULB 205/6, Campus Plaine; B-1050 Brussels Belgium
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Aydogmus Z, Sarakbi A, Kauffmann JM. Determination of Thiols and Free Thiol Content in a Protein with Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Amperometric Detection at a Silver Based Carbon Paste Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Aydogmus
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Faculty of Pharmacy; Bou1evard du Triomphe 1050 Brussels Belgium-Belgium
| | - Ahmad Sarakbi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Faculty of Pharmacy; Bou1evard du Triomphe 1050 Brussels Belgium-Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Kauffmann
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Faculty of Pharmacy; Bou1evard du Triomphe 1050 Brussels Belgium-Belgium
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Patris S, Vandeput M, Kenfack GM, Mertens D, Dejaegher B, Kauffmann JM. An experimental design approach to optimize an amperometric immunoassay on a screen printed electrode for Clostridium tetani antibody determination. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:457-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kauffmann JM, Patris S, Vandeput M, Sarakbi A, Sakira AK. Contribution of Electrochemistry to the Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Analytical Sciences. Curr Drug Deliv 2015; 13:371-7. [PMID: 26521653 DOI: 10.2174/1567201812666151030162108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
All analytical techniques have experienced major progress since the last ten years and electroanalysis is also involved in this trend. The unique characteristics of phenomena occurring at the electrode-solution interface along with the variety of electrochemical methods currently available allow for a broad spectrum of applications. Potentiometric, conductometric, voltammetric and amperometric methods are briefly reviewed with a critical view in terms of performance of the developed instrumentation with special emphasis on pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Kauffmann
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) - Campus Plaine CP 205/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Christian GD, Kauffmann JM, Burguera JL, Wang J, McKelvie I. Editorial. Talanta 2015; 140:vi-vii. [DOI: 10.1016/s0039-9140(15)00363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Karadas-Bakirhan N, Sarakbi A, Vandeput M, Ozkan SA, Kauffmann JM. Liquid Chromatography with Amperometric Detection at a Silver Based Detector for the Determination of Thiocompounds: Application to the Assay of Thiopurine Antimetabolites in Urine. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6730-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurgul Karadas-Bakirhan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department
of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmad Sarakbi
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marie Vandeput
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department
of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jean-Michel Kauffmann
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Vandeput M, Parsajoo C, Vanheuverzwijn J, Patris S, Yardim Y, le Jeune A, Sarakbi A, Mertens D, Kauffmann JM. Flow-through enzyme immobilized amperometric detector for the rapid screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors by flow injection analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:267-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Patris S, De Pauw P, Vandeput M, Huet J, Van Antwerpen P, Muyldermans S, Kauffmann JM. Nanoimmunoassay onto a screen printed electrode for HER2 breast cancer biomarker determination. Talanta 2014; 130:164-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yıldız G, Aydoğmuş Z, Kauffmann JM. Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Montelukast in Tablets and Human Plasma by Using Chitosan Modified Carbon Paste Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sarakbi A, Aydogmus Z, Dago A, Mertens D, Dewert JY, Kauffmann JM. Determination of aminothiols by liquid chromatography with amperometric detection at a silver electrode: application to white wines. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 786:22-8. [PMID: 23790287 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled to a silver electrode based flow-through amperometric detector (LC-EC-Ag) was developed for the determination of aminothiols in white wines. The C18 reversed phase LC system operated in the isocratic mode at 0.7 mL min(-1) and used an acidic mobile phase composed of formic acid, EDTA, sodium nitrate, sodium hydroxide, and methanol 1% (v/v) at pH 4.5. The working electrode operated at 0.08 V vs Ag/AgCl, 3M KCl and its manual cleaning was realized once a month by smoothing on a polishing cloth. The analyzed aminothiols were resolved and eluted within 4 min, and all standard curves were linear in the range 2×10(-7)-2×10(-5) M. The analyzed wine samples needed no preparation other than dilution with the mobile phase. The concentration of cysteine (CYS), homocysteine (HCYS), glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in bottled white wines, determined by the method of standard addition, was found to be in the low μM range (0.2-2 mg L(-1)) depending on the wine type and its age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sarakbi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculty of Pharmacy, Brussels, Belgium
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Soubhye J, Aldib I, Elfving B, Gelbcke M, Furtmüller PG, Podrecca M, Conotte R, Colet JM, Rousseau A, Reye F, Sarakbi A, Vanhaeverbeek M, Kauffmann JM, Obinger C, Nève J, Prévost M, Zouaoui Boudjeltia K, Dufrasne F, Van Antwerpen P. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of novel 3-alkylindole derivatives as selective and highly potent myeloperoxidase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3943-58. [PMID: 23581551 DOI: 10.1021/jm4001538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to its production of potent antimicrobial oxidants including hypochlorous acid, human myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a critical role in innate immunity and inflammatory diseases. Thus MPO is an attractive target in drug design. (Aminoalkyl)fluoroindole derivatives were detected to be very potent MPO inhibitors; however, they also promote inhibition of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) at the same concentration range. Via structure-based drug design, a new series of MPO inhibitors derived from 3-alkylindole were synthesized and their effects were assessed on MPO-mediated taurine chlorination and low-density lipoprotein oxidation as well as on inhibition of SERT. The fluoroindole compound with three carbons in the side chain and one amide group exhibited a selectivity index of 35 (Ki/IC50) with high inhibition of MPO activity (IC50 = 18 nM), whereas its effect on SERT was in the micromolar range. Structure-function relationships, mechanism of action, and safety of the molecule are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Soubhye
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Inoue K, Nishimura M, Tsutsui H, Min JZ, Todoroki K, Kauffmann JM, Toyo'oka T. Foodomics platform for the assay of thiols in wines with fluorescence derivatization and ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using multivariate statistical analysis. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:1228-1234. [PMID: 23339461 DOI: 10.1021/jf304822t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of specific volatile and aminothiols in wine is associated with quality, worth, price, and taste. The identification of specific thiol-containing compounds in various wines has been reported in many valuable and interesting works. In this study, a novel foodomics assay of thiol-containing compounds, such as free aminothiols and related conjugates, was developed using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with fluorescence (FL) and electrospray (ESI) time-of-flight mass spectrometric (TOF/MS) detections. FL specific derivatization was applied along with multivariate statistical analysis. First, the optimal experimental conditions were studied using representative thiols, such as l-cysteine, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, cysteamine, and l-glutathione, and then the UPLC-FL derivatization and separation steps were fixed for the subsequent screening of unknown thiol-containing compounds. The screening assay consisted of monitoring the UPLC-TOF/MS peaks of unknown thiols, which decreased due to the derivatization as compared to the nonderivatized thiols. The principal component analysis of the UPLC-TOF/MS data could be well-differentiated and categorized into two groups. The orthogonal signal correction partial least-squares discriminant analysis, the so-called S-plot, showed that the quality differentiation is directly related to the decrease of native thiols and increase of derivatized thiols. With this strategy, the mass difference from the derivatization reagent (+m/z 198) could be utilized for the identification of these thiols using the FL peaks retention time and metabolomics-databases. The presence of l-glutathione in rice wine was for the first time reported on the basis of the available metabolomics-databases and standard matching. This novel concept based on foodomics could be applied in food analysis for the ready screening of specific functional compounds by exploiting the various derivatization modes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Inoue
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Kauffmann JM, Van Antwerpen P, Sarakbi A, Feier B, Tarik S, Aydogmus Z. Utility of Screen Printed Electrodes for in Vitro Metabolic Stability Assays: Application to Acetaminophen and its Thioconjugates. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Christian G, Kauffmann JM. The International Year of Chemistry 2011: Perspectives of analytical chemistry. Talanta 2011; 85:1229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Sima VH, Patris S, Aydogmus Z, Sarakbi A, Sandulescu R, Kauffmann JM. Tyrosinase immobilized magnetic nanobeads for the amperometric assay of enzyme inhibitors: application to the skin whitening agents. Talanta 2010; 83:980-7. [PMID: 21147347 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of tyrosinase onto glutaraldehyde activated streptavidine magnetic particles and subsequent retention onto a magnetized carbon paste electrode for the amperometric assay of tyrosinase inhibitors is described. Tyrosine was used as substrate as it is the first substrate in the melanogenesis process. The sensing mode is based on monitoring the decrease of the amperometric signal corresponding to the electrochemical reduction of dopaquinone enzymatically generated. This current decrease is due to the presence of inhibitors acting directly on the enzyme or inhibitors acting on the product of the enzymatic reaction, i.e. dopaquinone. The methodology is designed for the evaluation of the inhibitory potency of the most frequently used active substances in cosmetic marketed products against hyperpigmentation such as kojic acid, azelaic acid and benzoic acid. These compounds bind to the tyrosinase active center. Ascorbic acid is also investigated as it interrupts the synthesis pathway of melanin by reducing the melanin intermediate dopaquinone back to l-dopa. By comparing the obtained IC(50), under the same experimental conditions, the order of their inhibitory potency was: kojic acid (IC(50)=3.7 × 10(-6)M, K(i)=8.6 × 10(-7)M), ascorbic acid (IC(50)=1.2 × 10(-5)M), benzoic acid (IC(50)=7.2 × 10(-5)M, K(i)=2.0 × 10(-5)M) and azelaic acid (IC(50)=1.3 × 10(-4)M, K(i)=4.2 × 10(-5)M) in close agreement with literature spectrophotometric inhibition data using the soluble tyrosinase.
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Sarakbi A, Aydogmus Z, Sidali T, Gokce G, Kauffmann JM. Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) and Ascorbic Acid in Pharmaceutical Formulations by LC Coupled to a Screen Printed Carbon Based Amperometric Detector. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yu D, Van Antwerpen P, Patris S, Blankert B, Kauffmann JM. Enzyme Immobilized Magnetic Nanoparticles for In-Line Capillary Electrophoresis and Drug Biotransformation Studies: Application to Paracetamol. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2010; 13:455-60. [DOI: 10.2174/138620710791516058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Murakami K, Watanabe H, Tateno T, Kauffmann JM. Comparative Study of the Determination of Parabens in Shampoos by Liquid Chromatography with Amperometric and Coulometric Detection. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Mebsout F, Kauffmann JM, Patriarche GJ. Redox behaviour of anti-tumor platinum (II) compounds (carboplatin) at solid electrodes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 5:223-31. [PMID: 16867519 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(87)80026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/1986] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electroactivity of a cytostatic complex of platinum (II) possessing no halide ligand (carboplatin) has been studied in aqueous media using platinum and carbon paste electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry has been conducted in order to elucidate the redox behaviour of carboplatin as a function of chloride concentration. Reduction was not observed although oxidation was detected. The nature of the compounds formed during the electro-oxidation was directly related to free chloride ions. At the carbon paste electrode, the reduction of the oxidized species occurred in two steps with the formation of cis-platinum structures and a subsequent electrodeposition of platinum particles. The surface modification step at the carbon paste electrode has demonstrated electrocatalytic properties of the electrode towards platinum (II) complexes possessing halide ligands in their structures. Electrodeposition of platinum ions at a platinum electrode surface as well as a judicious choice of working parameters allows quantitative determinations in the concentration range 3 x 10(-4) - 1 x 10(-5) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mebsout
- Free University of Brussels, Institute of Pharmacy, Campus Plaine 205/6, Bd. du Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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27
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Christian GD, Kauffmann JM, Burguera JL, Wang J. Updated aims and scope. Talanta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Dierickx KME, Journé F, Gerbaux P, Morandini R, Kauffmann JM, Ghanem GE. Improving the spectrophotometric determination of the alkylating activity of anticancer agents: a new insight into the mechanism of the NBP method. Talanta 2008; 77:1370-5. [PMID: 19084651 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the mechanism of the nitrobenzylpyridine (NBP) method to measure the alkylating activity of drugs originally described by Epstein et al. [J. Epstein, R.W. Rosenthal, R.J. Ess, Anal. Chem. 27 (1955) 1435-1439] and modified later by others was revisited using melphalan, m-sarcolysin, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. Its direct application to determine the activity of these drugs in human serum and aqueous media is described and discussed. This method, based on the formation of a chromophore due to the reaction between the alkylating agent and NBP, was significantly improved by extracting as quickly as possible the reaction product(s) into chloroform before adding alkali to develop the color. This significantly limited the degradation by hydrolysis of the products and enhanced the yield of the end chromophore in the organic phase. The reaction time was optimized by monitoring each compound color development. The best reaction time for each compound was selected and a higher stability of the extracted color over at least 1h was obtained (compared to a couple of minutes in previous studies). Most interestingly, water evaporation due to heating had little or no effect on the linearity of standard curves evaluated in the micromolar concentration range. Both the sensitivity and reproducibility of the method were therefore significantly improved. There appears to be a direct correlation between compound hydrolysis and alkylation activity; the relative reactivity is different among the compounds owing to the rate of (i) production, (ii) the relative proportions and (iii) the hydrolysis of the intermediates. A general mechanism for the nucleophilic competitive substitution is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M E Dierickx
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie et Chirurgie Expérimentale, Institut J Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Malongo TK, Patris S, Macours P, Cotton F, Nsangu J, Kauffmann JM. Highly sensitive determination of iodide by ion chromatography with amperometric detection at a silver-based carbon paste electrode. Talanta 2008; 76:540-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dierickx KME, Morandini R, Nguyen TH, Salès F, Kauffmann JM, Ghanem GE. A novel transport and delivery mechanism underpins the effectiveness of prolyl-m-sarcolysyl-p-fluorophenylalanine (PSF) in a human melanoma xenograft nude-mouse model. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2008; 21:439-50. [PMID: 18627526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2008.00471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The alkylating peptide PSF shows very promising results in vitro on different cancer cells but its efficacy in animals has not been assessed. Here we evaluate the efficacy of PSF in human melanoma-bearing nude mice and examine the underlying mechanism. In melanoma-bearing nude mice, escalating doses of PSF showed dose-dependent responses and reached tumor regression with an optimal dose of 20 mg/kg for 1 month. A comparison of PSF with its free moiety m-sarcolysin and melphalan showed a highly significant advantage of PSF. Furthermore, dose fractionation yielded an even better control of tumor regrowth. In vitro studies unraveled an original delivery mechanism based on the rapid binding of PSF mainly due to red blood cells to form a pro-drug complex and the subsequent release of active metabolites by tumor-associated proteolytic enzymes. Blood kinetics showed one major metabolite partially released over time, while in the presence of melanoma cells three additional metabolites are generated. Interestingly, tumor-shed proteases also induce the production of these metabolites and varying combinations of enzyme inhibitors indicate the involvement of metallo- and other families of proteases in the delivery process. This particular transport and delivery of such an alkylating agent may have several benefits, mainly lowering the drug-free moiety in plasma and at the same time increasing its concentration in protease rich areas such as tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M E Dierickx
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut J Bordet, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Yu D, Blankert B, Kauffmann JM. Development of amperometric horseradish peroxidase based biosensors for clozapine and for the screening of thiol compounds. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:2707-11. [PMID: 17175155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two amperometric biosensors with immobilized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were developed for the investigation of the clozapine drug oxidation and for thiols screening based on biosensor signal inhibition. The HRP was retained either in magnetized nanoporous silica microparticles (MMPs) or in a carbon paste (CP). The latter served for the carbon paste electrode while the MMPs were attracted in close proximity of a magnetized carbon electrode. The potential use of these configurations for drug oxidation and inhibition studies was illustrated by the enzymatic oxidation of clozapine (CLZ) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The biosensor signal corresponded to the electro-reduction of CLZ oxidation products namely a nitrenium ion (CLZox) generated by the enzyme HRP. Several thiols reactive towards CLZox were investigated and the biosensor signal inhibition (IC(50)) was comparatively determined. A protective effect of the nanoporous silica and carbon paste matrices towards HRP inactivation was inferred by comparing the biosensor inhibition results with those obtained with the free enzyme in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Yu
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institute of Pharmacy, Campus Plaine CP 205/6, Bd du Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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32
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Narita M, Murakami K, Kauffmann JM. Determination of dye precursors in hair coloring products by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 588:316-20. [PMID: 17386826 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous determination of seven aminophenols, resorcinol and p-phenylenediamine in hair coloring products was performed by liquid chromatography (HPLC) with amperometric detection (ED). The aminophenols were separated on a ODS C18 reversed-phase column by isocratic elution with a mobile phase based on 0.1 M acetate buffer pH 4.5-methanol (90:10%, v/v) at a flow rate 0.8 mL min(-1). The limit of detection (S/N=3) for the aminophenols was in the 15-40 pg (injected mass) range at an applied potential of 0.950 V versus Ag/AgCl. Peak heights for the aminophenols and the two others compounds were found to be linearly related to the amount injected, from 0.3 to 300 ng (r>0.994-0.999). The relative standard deviation (R.S.D., n=10) for 1 ng injected was comprised in the range from 2.5 to 6.2%, depending on the aminophenol tested. The present method minimizes troublesome and time-consuming pretreatment procedures and it was applied to the determination of aminophenols, resorcinol and phenylenediamine in hair coloring formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Narita
- Tokyo Kasei University, Faculty of Domestic Science, 1-18-1, Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 178-8602, Japan
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kauffmann
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Pharmacie, Belgium
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Yu D, Renedo O, Blankert B, Sima V, Sandulescu R, Arcos J, Kauffmann JM. A Peroxidase-Based Biosensor Supported by Nanoporous Magnetic Silica Microparticles for Acetaminophen Biotransformation and Inhibition Studies. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Elyacoubi A, Zayed S, Blankert B, Kauffmann JM. Development of an Amperometric Enzymatic Biosensor Based on Gold Modified Magnetic Nanoporous Microparticles. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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van Leeuwen SM, Blankert B, Kauffmann JM, Karst U. Prediction of clozapine metabolism by on-line electrochemistry/liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:742-50. [PMID: 15864499 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2004] [Revised: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Combining electrochemical conversion, liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EC/LC/ESI-MS) on-line allows the rapid identification of possible oxidation products of clozapine (CLZ) in the absence and in the presence of glutathione. CLZ is, depending on the applied potential, oxidized to various products in an electrochemical flow-through cell using a porous glassy carbon working electrode. Several hydroxylated and demethylated species are detected on-line using LC/MS. While hydroxy-CLZ is most abundant at a potential of 400 mV, demethylation occurs more readily at higher potentials (at around 700 mV versus Pd/H(2) reference). In the presence of glutathione (GSH), various isomeric glutathione adducts and respective products of further oxidation can be identified. The thioadducts are characterized by tandem MS. Mono-GSH and bis-GSH derivatives can be seen in the chromatograms. The results correlate well with the cyclic voltammetric profile of CLZ. The data are relevant from a pharmacological point of view, since similar metabolites (phases I and II) have been reported in the literature. The EC/LC/MS and EC/MS methods should be valuable tools that can be used to anticipate and understand the metabolization patterns of molecules of pharmacological interest and to point out reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suze M van Leeuwen
- Department of Chemical Analysis and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Nomura A, Shin S, Mehdi OO, Kauffmann JM. Preparation, Characterization, and Application of an Enzyme-Immobilized Magnetic Microreactor for Flow Injection Analysis. Anal Chem 2004; 76:5498-502. [PMID: 15362912 DOI: 10.1021/ac049489v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-immobilized magnetic microparticles (EMMP) have been prepared for use as a microreactor in flow injection analysis (FI). The microparticles were directly injected into the FI system. Their retention occurred within the flow line by small permanent magnets located near the detector. The analytical utility of this concept was illustrated by the assay of glucose using glucose oxidase (GOx), immobilized microparticles, and amperometric detection of liberated hydrogen peroxide. The microparticles were derived from silica gel (nominal pore diameter, 15-80 nm) by impregnation with a citric acid/ethanol solution and a ferric nitrate/ethanol solution and then by calcination in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce ferrimagnetic fine particles of spinel-type iron oxide (gamma-Fe(2)O(3)) inside the pore. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The calibration curve of the glucose sample (2 microL injected) was linear between 2.5 x 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-4) mol/L (R = 0.9995), and the detection limit was 1.0 x 10(-6) mol/L or 0.36 ng of injected glucose (S/N = 3). The repeatability for a 5 x 10(-4) mol/L glucose solution was RSD = 1.5% (n = 6). Application to the assay of glucose in a fermentation broth is illustrated. The GOx MMP were stable and active for more than eight months when kept at 10 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nomura
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565 Japan
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Abstract
Pyrrole was electropolymerized onto a Pt electrode in the presence of LiClO(4) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This HRP-based biosensor has been used for the amperometric detection of rifampicin (RIF) in the presence of a constant concentration of H(2)O(2). The C(H(2)O(2)) as well as the applied potential (E(ap)) and the pH of the phosphate buffer have simultaneously been optimized through a central composite design. Under these conditions, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability of the modified electrode have been analyzed. The detection limit for RIF has been calculated taking into account the probability of false-positive (alpha) and -negative (beta), reaching a value of 5.06x10(-6) mol dm(-3). The biosensor was applied to the determination of RIF in pharmaceutical preparations and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Alonso Lomillo
- Dpto. de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Area de Química Analítica, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, s/n, E-09001, Burgos, Spain
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39
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Razola SS, Pochet S, Grosfils K, Kauffmann JM. Amperometric determination of choline released from rat submandibular gland acinar cells using a choline oxidase biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 18:185-91. [PMID: 12485764 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A choline (CHO) biosensor based on the determination of H(2)O(2) generated at the electrode surface by the enzyme choline oxidase (CHOx) was developed. The biosensor consisted of CHOx retained onto a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized solid carbon paste electrode (sCPE). The HRPsCPE contained the molecule phenothiazine as redox mediator and CHOx was physically retained on the electrode surface using a dialysis membrane. Several parameters have been studied such as, mediator amount, influence of applied potential, etc. The CHO measurements were performed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Amperometric detection of CHO was realized at an applied potential of 0.0 mV vs Ag/AgCl. The response is linear over the concentration range 5.0x10(-7)-7.0x10(-5) M, with a detection limit of 1.0x10(-7) M. This biosensor was used to detect choline released from phosphatidylcholine (PC) by phospholipase D (PLD) in isolated rat salivary gland cells stimulated by a purinergic agonist (ATP).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Serradilla Razola
- Service de chimie analytique instrumentale et de bioélectrochimie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Pharmacie, Campus Plaine, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Razola SS, Ruiz BL, Diez NM, Mark HB, Kauffmann JM. Hydrogen peroxide sensitive amperometric biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase entrapped in a polypyrrole electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2002; 17:921-8. [PMID: 12392940 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been entrapped in situ by electropolymerization of pyrrole onto a platinum electrode. The latter was previously coated by a polypyrrole layer for better adhesion of the biocatalyst film and in order to avoid the enzyme folding onto the Pt electrode. The biosensor allowed the determination of hydrogen peroxide in the concentration range comprised between 4.9 x 10(-7) and 6.3 x 10(-4) M. The biosensor retained more than 90% of its original activity after 35 days of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Serradilla Razola
- Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Kauffmann JM. [Biosensors in the pharmaceutical domain]. Ann Pharm Fr 2002; 60:28-37. [PMID: 11976547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are analytical devices which incorporate a biological component (enzyme, antibody, animal or plant cell, DNA fragments, lipids.) intimately connected to a physical transducer (electrode, optical fibre, vibrating quartz.). This dual configuration allows the study of a great variety of compounds of pharmaceutical interest which react with the biocomponent. The latter is selected depending on the application and the performance criteria requested. Biosensors are suitable for real time monitoring such as in bioreactors, and for the determination of various physiological and pharmacological parameters. Biosensors may be employed in home testing (glucose, lactate.), in hospitals (bedside testing, emergency, surgery, dialysis monitoring, etc.) in clinical laboratory analyses (immunoassays, DNA analysis.) and at research centres. Ideally, a biosensor should be easy to use, allowing direct analysis without sample pre-treatment. Measurements should be automatized and remote controlled. The biosensor may be miniaturized for single use or for implementation in sensor arrays. Applications to microenvironments (in vivo, single cell.) or discrete one shot decentralized tests may also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kauffmann
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Pharmacie, Campus Plaine, CP 205/6, 1050 Bruxelles - Belgique
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Mouithys-Mickalad A, Kauffmann JM, Petit C, Bruhwyler J, Liao Y, Wikström H, Damas J, Delarge J, Deby-Dupont G, Géczy J, Liégeois JF. Electrooxidation potential as a tool in the early screening for new safer clozapine-like analogues. J Med Chem 2001; 44:769-76. [PMID: 11262087 DOI: 10.1021/jm000221f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chemical modification of clozapine (1) has permitted the finding of new analogues, e.g., olanzapine (2), quetiapine (3), 5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-8-chloropyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepine fumarate (9), with a clinical or psychopharmacological profile similar to that of clozapine. However, when developing new derivatives, the designers are discouraged by the development of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. Different researchers have raised the role played by the oxidizability of the molecule in such a deleterious effect. In the present paper, we examined the oxidation profile (direct scavenging abilities, efficacy in inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and electrooxidation potential) of newly developed methoxy and trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy analogues related to clozapine, some of them being described as putative antipsychotic. The oxazepine derivative 7, unlike the other diazepine derivatives (6, 10--12), was not readily oxidized. Using a statistical predictive model for hematotoxicity previously described, 7 was found in the cluster of potentially nontoxic compounds while diazepine derivatives 6 and 10-12 were classified as potentially toxic compounds. Among these original compounds, 7, which presents a preclinical clozapine-like profile and a low sensitivity to oxidation, could be a promising antipsychotic candidate with low side effects. Considering the tricyclic derivatives examined so far, some elements of structure-oxidation relationship (SOR) might be pointed out. Regarding the nature of the tricyclic ring substituent, from the most to the least sensitive to oxidation, the sequence was as follows: HO > Cl > CH(3)O > CF(3)SO(2)O. The nature of the tricyclic ring influenced also the sensitivity to oxidation; the diazepine moiety appeared to be the most reactive ring compared to oxa- and thiazepine congeners. These parameters could be advantageously integrated in the early design of new safer clozapine-like analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mouithys-Mickalad
- Center for Oxygen Research and Development, University of Liège, 17 allée de la Chimie (B6a), B-4000 Liège 1, Belgium
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Razola SS, Aktas E, Viré JC, Kauffmann JM. Reagentless enzyme electrode based on phenothiazine mediation of horseradish peroxidase for subnanomolar hydrogen peroxide determination. Analyst 2000; 125:79-85. [PMID: 10885065 DOI: 10.1039/a906623c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development and characterization of a highly sensitive enzyme immobilized carbon based electrode for the determination of subnanomolar concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous samples is described. The biosensor consists of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized in solid carbon paste along with a suitable redox mediator. The latter allows the acceleration of the electroreduction of HRP in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Several phenothiazines as mediators are investigated in a comparative manner and with respect to dimethylferrocene using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. Insolubilization of the HRP in the solid carbon paste is achieved by cross-linking the enzyme with glutaraldehyde and bovine serum albumin. Several experimental parameters such as pH, mediator and enzyme content are considered. The hydrogen peroxide determination is better carried out in 0.1 M acetate buffer, pH 4.5, by amperometry at an applied potential of 0.0 V versus Ag/AgCl, 3 M NaCl concentration and by using the phenothiazine base as redox mediator. The biosensor response is linear over the concentration range 2 nM-10 microM with a detection limit of 1 nM. The linear range of the hydrogen peroxide response without a mediator in the biosensor is found between 2 and 40 microM. The biosensor can be used for more than 180 measurements. Additional modification of the electrode by incorporation of Nafion SAC-13 microparticles in the solid carbon paste allows detection of concentrations of hydrogen peroxide as low as 0.1 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Razola
- Institute of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
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Liégeois JF, Bruhwyler J, Petit C, Damas J, Delarge J, Géczy J, Kauffmann JM, Lamy M, Meltzer H, Mouithys-Mickalad A. Oxidation sensitivity may be a useful tool for the detection of the hematotoxic potential of newly developed molecules: application to antipsychotic drugs. Arch Biochem Biophys 1999; 370:126-37. [PMID: 10496986 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Some antipsychotic agents have been found to produce agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. The oxidation phenomena and/or the formation of free radicals has been suggested to be causally related to various hematological disorders, e.g., agranulocytosis. Using five experimental conditions, we tested the oxidative potential of compounds with and without a history of hematological side effects, e.g., agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. A statistical analysis was undertaken for each experimental condition and a multivariate analysis combining all results was performed. Two peroxidase-induced free radical models did not successfully discriminate between drugs with and without a history of causing hematologic problems (<70%). The lipid peroxidation system provided even less satisfactory discrimination, with only 56.25% correct classification. However, an 87.5% correct classification was obtained when using the oxidation potentials of these drugs determined at pH 4.7 and at pH 7.4. A multivariate analysis taking into account the five variables provided 87.5% success in classification. The two clusters were better discriminated in terms of a "distance coefficient." In a second analysis, the putative antipsychotic pyridobenzodiazepine analogues (JL5, JL8, JL18, and JL25) were classified in the cluster of toxic compounds, while the oxa- and thiazepine analogues (JL2, JL3, and JL13) were classified as nontoxic compounds. On the other hand, a few metabolites of clozapine and fluperlapine were classified in the toxic compound group. The procedure described herein is, to our knowledge, the first which classifies molecules of different structures as well as different pharmacological profiles according to their hematotoxic potential. Such a procedure could be used to predict drug-induced hematological side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Liégeois
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, 1 avenue de l'Hôpital B36, Liège 1, B-4000, Belgium
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Yang Z, Kauffmann JM, Acedo Valenzuela MI, Özkan S. Electroanalytical Behaviour of a Nanoarray Self-Assembled Thiocholesterol Gold Electrode. Mikrochim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/pl00021392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Christian GD, Kauffmann JM. Aims and scope. Talanta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0039-9140(98)90239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jourquin G, Kauffmann JM. Fluorimetric determination of theophylline in serum by inhibition of bovine alkaline phosphatase in AOT based water/in oil microemulsion. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998; 18:585-96. [PMID: 9919959 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Theophylline is an effective bronchodilatator used in the treatment of asthma which requires frequent control because of its narrow therapeutic index. Over the past decade much attention has been dedicated to the peculiar properties of the inner water pools of AOT (sodium 2-bishexyl-ethyl sulfosuccinate) microemulsions as enzyme microreactors, yet few analytical applications of the latter have been reported. We developed an original assay based on the uncompetitive inhibition by theophylline of the reaction catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase from bovine liver (E.C. 3.1.3.1) of the ELF-97 fluorogenic substrate in borate buffer 20 mM (pH 8.6)/AOT/iso-octane-ethyl acetate (95:5) at a temperature of 37 degrees C. Optimal activity of endogenous plasmatic alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes approximately pH 10.5, interfering activity of the serum are avoided. The assay is multiple point rate, monitoring the appearance of the photostable fluorescence emission of the reaction product (510-530 nm) out of the water pool. The influence of several parameters such as the amount of buffer (W(o)), the amount of alkaline phosphatase, sample volume (10-30 microl) [corrected], optimal run time (1-7 min) and the use of phosphorylating acceptor (2A2MP) are discussed. The method was compared to HPLC UV and TDx methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jourquin
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Free University of Brussels, Belgium.
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Mirel S, Sandulescu R, Kauffmann JM, Roman L. Electrochemical study of some 2-mercapto-5-R-ammino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives using carbon paste electrodes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998; 18:535-44. [PMID: 9919953 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical study of some 2-mercapto-5-R-ammino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives was made by cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry using a carbon paste electrode (CPE, graphite/solid paraffin ratio 2:1) as working electrode and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The current-potential curves were recorded in anodic polarisation in -0.1 and +1.3 V range using aqueous solutions and different buffers (between pH 1.2 and 10.0), with 20 or 50 mV s(-1) sweep rate. The oxidation peak appears between +0.65 and +0.70 V due to disulphides formation. The 5-phenyl derivative has two oxidation peaks, the first at +0.45 +/- 0.03 V and the second at +0.65 +/- 0.03 V. The oxidation potentials are pH dependent, decreasing from 0.9 +/- 0.1 V at pH 1.2 to 0.6 +/- 0.1 V at a pH between 8.0 and 10.0. In some potential ranges depending on pKa of molecules the oxidation potential and oxidation current are pH independent. Simple, precise and accurate voltammetric methods for the determination of these compounds were developed and validated in 2.5 x 10(-6)-7.5 x 10(-4) mol l(-1) concentration ranges. The detection limits were 2.3 micromol l(-1) for 5-ammino-, 12.3 micromol l(-1) for 5-acetylammino-, 11.6 micromol l(-1) for 5-allylammino-, and 1.2 micromol l(-1) for 5-phenylammino-2-mercapto-1,3,4 thiadiazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mirel
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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