Effects of serum matrix on molecular interactions between drugs and target proteins revealed by giant magneto-resistive bio-sensing techniques

Emerging affinity methods for protein-drug interaction analysis

The study of protein-drug interaction plays a crucial role in understanding drug mechanisms, identifying new drug targets and biomarkers, and facilitating drug development and disease treatment. In recent years, significant progress has been made in various protein-drug interaction research methods due to the rapid development and in-depth application of mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, Raman spectroscopy, and other technologies. The progress has enhanced the sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and applicability of analytical methods, enabling the establishment of drug-protein interaction networks. This review discusses various emerging research methods, such as native mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and spectrum, biosensor technologies employing surface enhanced Raman, electrochemistry, and magneto resistive signals, as well as affinity magnetic levitation and affinity chromatography. The article also delves into the principles, applications, advantages, and limitations of these technologies.

Nano-Photonic Crystal D-Shaped Fiber Devices for Label-Free Biosensing at the Attomolar Limit of Detection

Maintaining both high sensitivity and large figure of merit (FoM) is crucial in regard to the performance of optical devices, particularly when they are intended for use as biosensors with extremely low limit of detection (LoD). Here, a stack of nano-assembled layers in the form of 1D photonic crystal, deposited on D-shaped single-mode fibers, is created to meet these criteria, resulting in the generation of Bloch surface wave resonances. The increase in the contrast between high and low refractive index (RI) nano-layers, along with the reduction of losses, enables not only to achieve high sensitivity, but also a narrowed resonance bandwidth, leading to a significant enhancement in the FoM. Preliminary testing for bulk RI sensitivity is carried out, and the effect of an additional nano-layer that mimics a biological layer where binding interactions occur is also considered. Finally, the biosensing capability is assessed by detecting immunoglobulin G in serum at very low concentrations, and a record LoD of 70 aM is achieved. An optical fiber biosensor that is capable of attaining extraordinarily low LoD in the attomolar range is not only a remarkable technical outcome, but can also be envisaged as a powerful tool for early diagnosis of diseases.

Advances in Molecular and Genetic Technologies and the Problems Related to Their Application in Personalized Medicine

Advances in the global personalized medicine market are directly related to innovations and developments in molecular and genetic technologies. This review focuses on the key trends in the development of these technologies in the healthcare sector. The existing global developments having an impact on the evolution of the personalized medicine market are reviewed. Efficient measures to support the development of molecular and genetic technologies are proposed.