DNA binding, BSA interaction and SOD activity of two new nickel(II) complexes with glutamine Schiff base ligands

Design, Synthesis, Structural Investigation and Photo Induced Biological Investigations of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes Derived from N,O Donor Schiff Bases

A series of chelated metal complexes, [Co(LI)2] (1), [Ni(LI)2] (2), [Cu(LI)2] (3) [Co(LII)2] (4), [Ni(LII)2] (5) and [Cu(LII)2] (6) were designed and synthesized from newly synthesized Schiff bases, LI = 2-((E)-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)isoxazol-3-ylimino)methyl)-5-methylphenol and LII = 2-((E)-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)isoxazol-3-ylimino)methyl)-4-chlorophenol. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), electronic spectroscopy (UV-Vis), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), magnetic susceptibility (µeff), electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and powder X-ray diffraction analysis (P-XRD). The spectral investigations have been clearly suggested 1:2 (metal: ligand) stoichiometric complexes with square planar geometrical arrangement around the metal ion. The thermal gravimmetric analysis (TGA) of these complexes indicates greater thermal stability and various steps involved in thermal decomposition of metal complexes. The binding ability between these metal complexes and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated by UV-Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy and viscometric experiments, which disclosed that, the complexes interacted to CT-DNA via an intercalation binding mode. The cleavage property of metal complexes against pBR322 DNA has been explored by gel electrophoresis technique mediated by UV-illumination and H2O2, showed momentous cleavage activity. Antioxidant activity of all complexes was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging experiment and showed prominent antioxidant activity. Further, the antibacterial and antifungal activities of all compounds were screened against bacterial and fungal strains via in-vitro disc diffusion method. These studies revealed that the complexes showed comparatively more antimicrobial activity than free ligands against tested microbial strains.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Hydrazone Complexes: Exploring DNA/BSA Binding and Antimicrobial Potential

Research involving coordination chemistry with Schiff base hydrazones finds applications in various areas, particularly in bioinorganic chemistry and biomedicine. This work aims to contribute to this field by employing the ligand (E)-2-((2-(benzothiazol-2-yl)hydrazone)methyl)phenol (H2L), synthesized via a condensation reaction with salicylic aldehyde. The ligand was isolated, characterized, and subsequently complexed with nickel(II) chloride and copper(II) nitrate, yielding three new crystalline complexes: [Ni(HL)2] (1), [Ni2(L)2(Py)2(EtOH)]·DMF·0.5H2O (2), and [Cu3(L#)2(DMF)2] (3) (where Py = pyridine). The metal complexes were structurally characterized using IR, UV-vis, TGA-DSC, and SCXRD techniques. These analyses confirmed the coordination of the ligand to the metal center via nitrogen and oxygen donor atoms, establishing the formation of mono-, bi-, and trinuclear complexes, respectively. DNA interaction studies were performed through spectroscopic titration and viscosity measurements, indicating that the complexes interact via an intercalative mode, with the interaction order being 3 > 2> 1. Partition coefficient analysis revealed that complexes 1 and 3 have a greater tendency to partition into the organic phase, suggesting their potential to cross lipid membranes, while complex 2 and the ligand are more hydrophilic. Fluorescence-based BSA binding studies demonstrated interactions between the complexes and the biomolecule, following the same order as observed in the DNA interaction. Biological tests showed that the ligand lacked antimicrobial and antiyeast activity, while the metal complexes are biologically active. Notably, the copper complex displayed the strongest antibacterial effect, likely due to copper's essential biological role.

Exploring the Interaction Between the Newly Designed Antitumor Zn(II) Complex and CT-DNA/BSA: Spectroscopic Methods, DFT Computational Analysis, and Docking Simulation

A new zinc(II) complex formulated as [Zn(pipr-ac)2], where pipr-ac stands for piperidineacetate, was synthesized and structurally identified with the help of experimental and DFT methods. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis demonstrated that the new complex has higher biological activity compared to the free ligand. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) showed the nitrogen atoms and oxygen of carbonyl groups are the active sites of Zn(II) compound. Also, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis confirmed the charge transfer from the ligating atoms to the metal ion and formation of four coordinated Zn(II) complex. MTT assay illustrated a noticeable cytotoxic activity of the new zinc(II) complex compared to cisplatin on K562 cell line. The CT-DNA and serum albumin (SA) binding of the Zn(II) complex were explored individually. In this regard, UV-Vis spectroscopy and florescence titration revealed the occurrences of fluorescence quenching of CT-DNA/SA by metal compound via static mechanism and creation of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions between them. The binding was further confirmed by viscosity measurement and gel electrophoresis assay for CT-DNA and circular dichroism spectroscopy for SA. Moreover, molecular docking simulation demonstrated that the new compound binds mainly through hydrogen bonds to the groove of DNA and hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions to site I of SA.

Bovine serum albumin interaction, molecular docking, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of Co(II) Schiff base complex derived from Nophen ligand

In this report, synthesis, characterization, biological and molecular modeling studies of Nophen Schiff base [N,N-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde)-o-phenylenediamine] and Co(II)-Nophen complex have been furnished. BSA binding affinities of the ligand and Co(II)-Nophen complex have been appraised by UV-visible, fluorescence and cyclic voltammetric techniques. Spectroscopic measurements indicate strong binding of the complex with BSA protein through static quenching mechanism with binding constant in the order of 10⁴ M^-1. The negative shift of the peak potential in cyclic voltammetry suggested an electrostatic interaction. Molecular docking analysis reveals significant binding affinity (-6.3 kcal/mol) of the complex towards BSA protein. It is amazing that the in vitro cytotoxicity of Co(II)-Nophen complex against A549 cell lines (Human lung carcinoma cells) has remarkable potentials with 29 ± 1.2 µM as IC₅₀ value. Comparing the biological activity towards microorganisms, Co(II)-Nophen complex show substantial response than the Nophen ligand.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Biologically active oxovanadium(IV) Schiff base metal complex: antibacterial, antioxidant, biomolecular interaction and molecular docking studies

The oxovanadium(IV) Schiff base metal complex (ISNPV) have been synthesized as well as characterized by using micro analytical and traditional spectroscopic techniques. The spectral findings were utilized to validate the formation of ISNPV with structure exhibited square pyramidal geometry. The in vitro antibacterial activities of ISNPV were investigated to five different bacterial stains such as S. aureus, S. epidermidis, B. cereus, B. amyloliquefaciens and B. subtilis. The obtained result have suggested that the ISNPV has highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus than the other bacterial stains. The in vitro antioxidant activity like DPPH free radical scavenging assay method was studied by ISNPV in DMSO medium. Because it scavenges all free radicals, the ISNPV possesses higher antioxidant activity than the free ligand. UV-visible absorption and emission spectral techniques were used to investigate the binding of CT-DNA to the ISNPV. Both the spectral data indicate that the ISNPV binds the double helix structure of CT-DNA via an intercalation mode. Additionally, investigate the interactions of ISNPV with the protein molecules like BSA/HAS has been investigated using absorption and emission techniques. The absorption intensity of metal complex increases as well as the emission intensity of protein molecules ability decreases due to the binding nature of ISNPV with BSA/HSA protein molecules. The binding nature of ISNPV with bio molecules such as CT-DNA, BSA and HSA was also validated using molecular docking approach.

Binding ability of roxatidine acetate and roxatidine acetate supported chitosan nanoparticles towards bovine serum albumin: characterization, spectroscopic and molecular docking studies

The RxAc drug loaded on Tween80-chitosan-TPP nanoparticles (NRxAc) has been characterized and probed by UV-Vis, PXRD, FTIR, DLS and SEM technique. The physicochemical characteristics of NRxAc have been employed and evaluated for formulation of drug, particle size, external morphology, drug content and in vitro drug release. Multi-spectroscopic (i.e. fluorescence, UV-Vis, CD spectroscopy) and molecular docking techniques were also used to study the interaction of BSA with RxAc and NRxAc. RxAc and NRxAc quenched the fluorescence emission of BSA via a static quenching mechanism. The experimental data of Fluorescence demonstrated that the binding constant of RxAc and NRxAc were found around 10⁴ L.mol^-1, which suggests moderate binding affinity with BSA via hydrophobic forces. Through the site marker displacement experiments and molecular docking, the probable binding location of RxAc and NRxAc has been suggested in subdomain IB (site III) of BSA. Altogether, the results of present study can provide an important insight and a great deal of helpful information for future design of antiulcer drugs. Hence, The RxAc-loaded chitosan nanoparticles produced might be utilized as a successful tool for developing and using antiulcer drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Modelling brain dynamics by Boolean networks

Understanding the relationship between brain architecture and brain function is a central issue in neuroscience. We modeled realistic spatio-temporal patterns of brain activity on a human connectome with a Boolean networks model with the aim of computationally replicating certain cognitive functions as they emerge from the standardization of many fMRI studies, identified as patterns of human brain activity. Results from the analysis of simulation data, carried out for different parameters and initial conditions identified many possible paths in the space of parameters of these network models, with normal (ordered asymptotically constant patterns), chaotic (oscillating or disordered) but also highly organized configurations, with countless spatial–temporal patterns. We interpreted these results as routes to chaos, permanence of the systems in regimes of complexity, and ordered stationary behavior, associating these dynamics to cognitive processes. The most important result of this work is the study of emergent neural circuits, i.e., configurations of areas that synchronize over time, both locally and globally, determining the emergence of computational analogues of cognitive processes, which may or may not be similar to the functioning of biological brain. Furthermore, results put in evidence the creation of how the brain creates structures of remote communication. These structures have hierarchical organization, where each level allows for the emergence of brain organizations which behave at the next superior level. Taken together these results allow the interplay of dynamical and topological roots of the multifaceted brain dynamics to be understood.

Hantzsch-Like Synthesis, DNA Photocleavage, DNA/BSA Binding, and Molecular Docking Studies of Bis(sulfanediyl)bis(tetrahydro-5-deazaflavin) Analogs Linked to Naphthalene Core

The cyclocondensation reaction of aldehydes with dimedone and bis(6-aminopyrimidin-4-one) in acetic acid led to the formation of the corresponding bis(pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,6-diones) which are known as bis(sulfanediyl)bis(tetrahydro-5-deazaflavin) analogs in a single step. Also, bis(pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,6-diones) which are linked to naphthyl core via phenoxymethyl linkage is prepared. The interactions of the synthesized compounds with DNA and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied. Gel electrophoresis assay was used to show the capability of the compounds to photocleave the supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA in UV-A (365 nm). Besides, the most photocleavable compound, bis(tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline-4,6-dione) linked to pyridin-3-yl at position-5 exhibits good binding affinities toward CT-DNA and BSA as supported by UV/VIS spectral studies. In addition to the experimental findings, a molecular docking simulation was performed to collect detailed binding data for this compound to both biomolecules.

Anticancer, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and DNA-Binding Study of Metal-Phenalenyl Complexes

Phenalenyl (PLY)-based metal complexes are a new addition to the metal complex family. Various applications of metal-based phenalenyl complexes (metal-PLY) have been reported, such as catalyst, quantum spin simulators, spin electronic devices, and molecular conductors, but the biological significance of metal-PLY (metal = Co(II), Mn(III), Ni(II), Fe(III), and Al(III)) systems has yet to be explored. In this study, the anticancer properties of such complexes were investigated in ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3 and HEY A8), and the cytotoxicity was comparable to that of other platinum-based drugs. Antibacterial activity of the metal-PLY complexes against both gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria was studied using a disk diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. All five metal-PLY complexes showed significant antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains. The antioxidant properties of metal-PLY complexes were evaluated following the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method and were acceptable. The DNA-binding properties of these metal-PLY complexes were investigated using absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, and thermal denaturation methods. Experimental evidence revealed that the complexes bind to DNA through intercalation, and the molecular docking study supported this conclusion.

Helical water-soluble NiII complexes with pyridoxal ligand derivatives: Structural evaluation and interaction with biomacromolecules

This article deals with the synthesis of Schiff-based bis-azomethine-based ligands derived from pyridoxal and aliphatic dihydrazides and the synthesis of nickel(II) complexes C1-C4. The synthesized complexes had their structures elucidated by monocrystal X-ray diffraction and were characterized by vibrational and absorption spectroscopy. The synthesized ligands have characteristics that allow the formation of self-assembly processes, thus, the flexibility or rigidity of the coordination of organic molecules added to the orbitals of the Ni^II cation leads to the formation of helical complexes with double helix and a dinucler nickel(II) complex. Moreover, compounds was their interactions with CT-DNA and HSA absorption and emission analysis and molecular docking calculations.

Naproxen platinum(iv) hybrids inhibiting cycloxygenases and matrix metalloproteinases and causing DNA damage: synthesis and biological evaluation as antitumor agents in vitro and in vivo

Cycloxygenases (COXs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are tightly related to the progression of cancers. Here, naproxen as a potent inhibitor of both COX and MMP was combined with platinum(iv) to construct hybrids as antitumor agents. Compound 2 with comparable or even superior activities to that of cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin, great potential for reversing drug resistance, and superior tumor targeting properties was screened out as a lead compound. Moreover, compound 2 possessed potent tumor growth inhibition capability in vivo, which was comparable to that of oxaliplatin, and displayed rather lower side effects than the platinum(ii) reference drugs. The naproxen platinum(iv) complex could easily undergo reduction and liberate the platinum(ii) complex and naproxen as well as exert a multifunctional antitumor mechanism: (i) the liberated platinum(ii) fragment would cause serious DNA injury; (ii) naproxen would inhibit COX-2 and decrease tumor-associated inflammation; and (iii) the naproxen platinum(iv) complex exhibited remarkable MMP-9 inhibition in tumor tissues. These antitumor functions can help reduce the growth and metastasis of malignancy.

Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, DNA binding, DNA cleavage activity and molecular docking of a new Schiff base nickel(II) complex

A mononuclear nickel(II) complex, [Ni(o-van-tris)₂]·2H₂O (o-van-tris = Schiff base derived from o-vanillin and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane), has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The single crystal structure shows a distorted octahedron geometry coordinated with Ni(II) atom, and 2 D plane structure has formed by O-H···O hydrogen bond interactions. An analysis to ascertain intermolecular interactions of the complex was performed based on the Hirshfeld surfaces and their associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots. The binding properties of the nickel(II) complex with CT-DNA have been investigated by spectroscopic methods and molecular docking. Absorption and fluorescence spectral studies reveal that the complex interacts with DNA through hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions with the DNA base pairs. Molecular docking studies show that the complex effectively docks in the major groove of DNA. The DNA cleavage experiment was performed by gel electrophoretic assay, indicating that DNA cleavage activity of the complex is concentration dependent and much sensitive to ionic strength. The efficient cleavage mediated via hydrolytically cleaving pathway.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Assessment of the aggregation and adsorption behavior of newly synthesized tetradecylpyridinium-based metallosurfactants and their interaction with bovine serum albumin

Tetradecylpyridinium (TP) based metallosurfactants, TP₂[MCl₄] (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn): synthesis, aggregation behavior and interaction with bovine serum albumin.

Synthesis, DNA/BSA binding studies and in vitro biological assay of nickel(II) complexes incorporating tridentate aroylhydrazone and triphenylphosphine ligands

Two new nickel (II) triphenylphosphine complexes derived from tridentate aroylhydrazone ligands [H2L1 = 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazone and H2L2 = N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone] and triphenylphosphine were prepared and their molecular structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Both nickel(II) complexes showed slightly distorted square planar geometry with one tridentate aroylhydrazone ligand coordinated through ONO donor atoms and one triphenylphosphine ligand coordinated to the nickel center through the phosphorus atom. DNA interaction studies indicated that both complexes possessed higher affinity to herring sperm DNA (HS-DNA) than the corresponding free aroylhydrazone ligand. Molecular docking investigations showed that both complexes could bind to DNA through intercalation of the phenyl rings between adjacent base pairs in the double helix. Meanwhile, bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding studies revealed the complexes could effectively interact with BSA and change the secondary structure of BSA. Further pharmacological evaluations of the synthesized complexes by in vitro antioxidant assays demonstrated high antioxidant activity against NO· and O2˙- radicals. The anticancer activity of each complex was assessed through in vitro cytotoxicity assays (CCK-8 kit) toward A549 and MCF-7 cancer cell and normal L-02 cell lines. Significantly, the Ni(II) complex derived from H2L1 ligand was found to be more effective cytotoxic toward MCF-7cancerous cell with the IC50 value equaled 9.7 μM, which showed potent cytotoxic activity over standard drug cisplatin.

A Novel Thiazolyl Schiff Base: Antibacterial and Antifungal Effects and In Vitro Oxidative Stress Modulation on Human Endothelial Cells

Schiff bases (SBs) are chemical compounds displaying a significant pharmacological potential. They are able to modulate the activity of many enzymes involved in metabolism and are found among antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative drugs. A new thiazolyl-triazole SB was obtained and characterized by elemental and spectral analysis. The antibacterial and antifungal ability of the SB was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against three Candida strains. SB showed good antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa; it was two times more active than ciprofloxacin. Anti-Candida activity was twofold higher compared with that of fluconazole. The effect of the SB on cell viability was evaluated by colorimetric measurement on cell cultures exposed to various SB concentrations. The ability of the SB to modulate oxidative stress was assessed by measuring MDA, TNF-α, SOD1, COX2, and NOS2 levels in vitro, using human endothelial cell cultures exposed to a glucose-enriched medium. SB did not change the morphology of the cells. Experimental findings indicate that the newly synthetized Schiff base has antibacterial activity, especially on the Gram-negative P. aeruginosa, and antifungal activity. SB also showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Development of a series of 4-hydroxycoumarin platinum(IV) hybrids as antitumor agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation and action mechanism investigation

A series of new 4-hydroxycoumarin platinum(IV) complexes were designed, synthesized and evaluated as antitumor agents. All the title compounds display moderate to effective antitumor activities toward the tested cell lines and two prominent compounds were screened out with activities comparable to cisplatin and oxaliplatin. The mechanism investigation demonstrates that the platinum(IV) compounds could be reduced to bivalence and exert significant genotoxicity to tumor cells. Meanwhile the coumarin moiety endows the title compounds with cyclooxygenase inhibitory competence which might favour the reduction of tumor-related inflammation and further influence tumor proliferation. The coumarin platinum(IV) complex could effectively induce apoptosis of SKOV-3 cells through up-regulating the expression of caspase3 and caspase9. Furthermore, the conversion of platinum(II) drugs to platinum(IV) form via the conjunction with 4-hydroxycoumarin enhances the drug uptake in whole cells and DNA simultaneously. Moreover, the 4-hydroxycoumarin platinum(IV) complex could combine with human serum albumin via van der Waals force and hydrogen bond, which would influence their transport and bioactivities in vivo.

Design and synthesis of a new series of low toxic naphthalimide platinum(IV) antitumor complexes with dual DNA damage mechanism

Naphthalimide platinum(IV) antitumor complexes with potential dual DNA damage mechanism were designed, synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activities. The incorporation of DNA targeted naphthalimide group to the platinum(IV) system exerts much positive impacts on their antitumor efficacy. The mechanism research reveals that the title compounds could interact with dsDNA in platinum(IV) form via the naphthalimide group and cause DNA lesion. The further reduction would release platinum(II) complexes and naphthalimide acids which would induce remarkable secondary damage to DNA. Furthermore, the naphthalimide platinum(IV) compounds could combine with human serum albumin via electrostatic force, which are favourable for their storage and transport in blood. Moreover, the title compounds exhibit higher accumulation in tumor cells, and exert lower toxic and higher safe properties than oxaliplatin in vivo.

Synthesis, Structure, DNA Interaction, and SOD Activity of Three Nickel(II) Complexes Containing L-Phenylalanine Schiff Base and 1,10-Phenanthroline

Three hexacoordinated octahedral nickel(II) complexes, [Ni(sal-L-phe)(phen)(CH₃OH)]·CH₃OH (1), [Ni(naph-L-phe)(phen)(CH₃OH)] (2), and [Ni(o-van-L-phe)(phen)(CH₃OH)]·5CH₃OH (3) (sal-L-phe = a Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and L-phenylalanine, naph-L-phe = a Schiff base derived from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and L-phenylalanine, o-van-L-phe = a Schiff base derived from o-vanillin and L-phenylalanine, and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The interactions of these complexes with CT-DNA were studied by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements. The binding constant (K_b) values of 1.82 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ for 1, 1.96 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ for 2, and 2.02 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ for 3 suggest that each of these complexes could bind with DNA in a moderate intercalative mode. Complex 3 exhibited a stronger interaction with CT-DNA than complexes 1 and 2. In addition, the superoxide scavenging activity of these complexes was investigated by the nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT) light reduction method, and the results showed that they exhibited a significant superoxide scavenging activity with the IC₅₀ values of 4.4 × 10⁻⁵ M for complex 1, 5.6 × 10⁻⁵ M for complex 2, and 3.1 × 10⁻⁵ M for complex 3, respectively.

Cationic double chained metallosurfactants: synthesis, aggregation, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity and their impact on the structure of bovine serum albumin

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is one of the most copious and significant blood proteins with dynamic structure. The understanding of the structural functionality of BSA and its interaction with metal ions is desired for various biological functions. Herein, three different metallosurfactants containing different transition metals and the same hydrophobic tail were engaged to investigate the structural transition of BSA. The metallosurfactants have been prepared by a combination of metal ions (M = Fe, Co and Ni) with cetylpyridinium chloride surfactant via the ligand insertion method and were characterized by elemental, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The obtained results reveal that insertion of a metal ion perturbs the aggregation behavior of the surfactant. Incorporation of a metal-ion has been found to decrease the CMC value of the surfactant, which has been supported by conductivity, surface tension and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). These metallosurfactants were employed to study the interaction and binding mechanism of BSA under physiological conditions. SDS-PAGE analysis points out a weak effect of metallosurfactants on the primary structure of BSA, whereas CD spectra implied a significant change in secondary structure with the decreased α-helical content of BSA. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicates the effect of metallosurfactants on the tertiary structure of BSA, whereas absorption spectra demonstrated static quenching with a blue shift in the presence of metallosurfactants. Moreover, unfolding of BSA in the presence of metallosurfactants has also been confirmed by SAXS studies. The overall results indicate that insertion of the metal ion into the framework of the surfactant structure enhances its protein binding/folding/unfolding abilities, which would be helpful in clinical as well as in life sciences.