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Parkash V, Snider JL, Virk G, Dhillon KK, Lee JM. Diffusional and Biochemical Limitations to Photosynthesis Under Water Deficit for Field-Grown Cotton. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14281. [PMID: 38606698 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Water deficit stress limits net photosynthetic rate (AN), but the relative sensitivities of underlying processes such as thylakoid reactions, ATP production, carbon fixation reactions, and carbon loss processes to water deficit stress in field-grown upland cotton require further exploration. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess (1) the diffusional and biochemical mechanisms associated with water deficit-induced declines in AN and (2) associations between water deficit-induced variation in oxidative stress and energy dissipation for field-grown cotton. Water deficit stress was imposed for three weeks during the peak bloom stage of cotton development, causing significant reductions in leaf water potential and AN. Among diffusional limitations, mesophyll conductance was the major contributor to the AN decline. Several biochemical processes were adversely impacted by water deficit. Among these, electron transport rate and RuBP regeneration were most sensitive to AN-limiting water deficit. Carbon loss processes (photorespiration and dark respiration) were less sensitive than carbon assimilation, contributing to the water deficit-induced declines in AN. Increased energy dissipation via non-photochemical quenching or maintenance of electron flux to photorespiration prevented oxidative stress. Declines in AN were not associated with water deficit-induced variation in ATP production. It was concluded that diffusional limitations followed by biochemical limitations (ETR and RuBP regeneration) contributed to declines in AN, carbon loss processes partially contributed to the decline in AN, and increased energy dissipation prevented oxidative stress under water deficit in field-grown cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Parkash
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Gurpreet Virk
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | | | - Joshua M Lee
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
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Parkash V, Snider JL, Pilon C, Bag S, Jespersen D, Virk G, Dhillon KK. Differential sensitivities of photosynthetic component processes govern oxidative stress levels and net assimilation rates in virus-infected cotton. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 158:41-56. [PMID: 37470938 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leafroll dwarf virus disease (CLRDD) is a yield-limiting threat to cotton production and can substantially limit net photosynthetic rates (AN). Previous research showed that AN was more sensitive to CLRDD-induced reductions in stomatal conductance than electron transport rate (ETR) through photosystem II (PSII). This observation coupled with leaf reddening symptomology led to the hypothesis that differential sensitivities of photosynthetic component processes to CLRDD would contribute to declines in AN and increases in oxidative stress, stimulating anthocyanin production. Thus, an experiment was conducted to define the relative sensitivity of photosynthetic component processes to CLRDD and to quantify oxidative stress and anthocyanin production in field-grown cotton. Among diffusional limitations to AN, reductions in mesophyll conductance and CO2 concentration in the chloroplast were the greatest constraints to AN under CLRDD. Multiple metabolic processes were also adversely impacted by CLRDD. ETR, RuBP regeneration, and carboxylation were important metabolic (non-diffusional) limitations to AN in symptomatic plants. Photorespiration and dark respiration were less sensitive than photosynthetic processes, contributing to declines in AN in symptomatic plants. Among thylakoid processes, reduction of PSI end electron acceptors was the most sensitive to CLRDD. Oxidative stress indicators (H2O2 production and membrane peroxidation) and anthocyanin contents were substantially higher in symptomatic plants, concomitant with reductions in carotenoid content and no change in energy dissipation by PSII. We conclude that differential sensitivities of photosynthetic processes to CLRDD and limited potential for energy dissipation at PSII increases oxidative stress, stimulating anthocyanin production as an antioxidative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Parkash
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Cristiane Pilon
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - David Jespersen
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA
| | - Gurpreet Virk
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur Dhillon
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
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Kaur N, Snider JL, Paterson AH, Grey TL, Li C, Virk G, Parkash V. Variation in thermotolerance of photosystem II energy trapping, intersystem electron transport, and photosystem I electron acceptor reduction for diverse cotton genotypes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107868. [PMID: 37459803 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cotton breeding programs have focused on agronomically-desirable traits. Without targeted selection for tolerance to high temperature extremes, cotton will likely be more vulnerable to environment-induced yield loss. Recently-developed methods that couple chlorophyll fluorescence induction measurements with temperature response experiments could be used to identify genotypic variation in photosynthetic thermotolerance of specific photosynthetic processes for field-grown plants. It was hypothesized that diverse cotton genotypes would differ significantly in photosynthetic thermotolerance, specific thylakoid processes would exhibit differential sensitivities to high temperature, and that the most heat tolerant process would exhibit substantial genotypic variation in thermotolerance plasticity. A two-year field experiment was conducted at Tifton and Athens, Georgia, USA. Experiments included 10 genotypes in 2020 and 11 in 2021. Photosynthetic thermotolerance for field-collected leaf samples was assessed by determining the high temperature threshold resulting in a 15% decline in photosynthetic efficiency (T15) for energy trapping by photosystem II (ΦPo), intersystem electron transport (ΦEo), and photosystem I end electron acceptor reduction (ΦRo). Significant genotypic variation in photosynthetic thermotolerance was observed, but the response was dependent on location and photosynthetic parameter assessed. ΦEo was substantially more heat sensitive than ΦPo or ΦRo. Significant genotypic variation in thermotolerance plasticity of ΦEo was also observed. Identifying the weakest link in photosynthetic tolerance to high temperature will facilitate future selection efforts by focusing on the most heat-susceptible processes. Given the genotypic differences in environmental plasticity observed here, future research should evaluate genotypic variation in acclimation potential in controlled environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kaur
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Andrew H Paterson
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Timothy L Grey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Changying Li
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Gurpreet Virk
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Ved Parkash
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
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Edula SR, Bag S, Milner H, Kumar M, Suassuna ND, Chee PW, Kemerait RC, Hand LC, Snider JL, Srinivasan R, Roberts PM. Cotton leafroll dwarf disease: An enigmatic viral disease in cotton. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:513-526. [PMID: 37038256 PMCID: PMC10189767 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMY Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is a member of the genus Polerovirus, family Solemoviridae. Geographical Distribution: CLRDV is present in most cotton-producing regions worldwide, prominently in North and South America. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The virion is a nonenveloped icosahedron with T = 3 icosahedral lattice symmetry that has a diameter of 26-34 nm and comprises 180 molecules of the capsid protein. The CsCl buoyant density of the virion is 1.39-1.42 g/cm3 and S20w is 115-127S. Genome: CLRDV shares genomic features with other poleroviruses; its genome consists of monopartite, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA, is approximately 5.7-5.8 kb in length, and is composed of seven open reading frames (ORFs) with an intergenic region between ORF2 and ORF3a. TRANSMISSION CLRDV is transmitted efficiently by the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) in a circulative and nonpropagative manner. Host: CLRDV has a limited host range. Cotton is the primary host, and it has also been detected in different weeds in and around commercial cotton fields in Georgia, USA. SYMPTOMS Cotton plants infected early in the growth stage exhibit reddening or bronzing of foliage, maroon stems and petioles, and drooping. Plants infected in later growth stages exhibit intense green foliage with leaf rugosity, moderate to severe stunting, shortened internodes, and increased boll shedding/abortion, resulting in poor boll retention. These symptoms are variable and are probably influenced by the time of infection, plant growth stage, varieties, soil health, and geographical location. CLRDV is also often detected in symptomless plants. CONTROL Vector management with the application of chemical insecticides is ineffective. Some host plant varieties grown in South America are resistant, but all varieties grown in the United States are susceptible. Integrated disease management strategies, including weed management and removal of volunteer stalks, could reduce the abundance of virus inoculum in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | - Hayley Milner
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Peng W. Chee
- Institute of Plant, Breeding, Genetics, and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Lavesta C. Hand
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | - John L. Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
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Sarwar M, Saleem MF, Ullah N, Ali A, Collins B, Shahid M, Munir MK, Chung SM, Kumar M. Superior leaf physiological performance contributes to sustaining the final yield of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes under terminal heat stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:739-753. [PMID: 37363422 PMCID: PMC10284769 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize methods for identifying heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible cotton plants by examining the relationship between leaf physiology and cotton yield. Cotton accessions were exposed to elevated temperatures through staggered sowing and controlled growth conditions in a glasshouse. Based on their yield performance, leaf physiology, cell biochemistry, and pollen germination, the accessions were categorized as heat-tolerant, moderately tolerant, or susceptible. High temperatures had a significant impact on various leaf physiological and biochemical factors, such as cell injury, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, and enzyme activities. The germination of flower pollen and seed cotton yield was also affected. The study demonstrated that there was a genetic variability for heat tolerance among the tested cotton accessions, as indicated by the interaction between accession and environment. Leaf gas exchange, cell biochemistry, pollen germination, and cotton yield were strongly associated with heat-sensitive accessions, but this association was negligible in tolerant accessions. Principal component analysis was used to classify the accessions based on their performance under heat stress conditions. The findings suggest that leaf physiological traits, cell biochemistry, pollen germination, and cotton yield can be effective indicators for selecting heat-tolerant cotton lines. Future research could explore additional genetic traits for improved selection and development of heat-tolerant accessions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01322-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarwar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Najeeb Ullah
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asjad Ali
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, PO Box 1054, Mareeba, QLD 4880 Australia
| | - Brian Collins
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia
| | | | - Muhammad Kashif Munir
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sang-Min Chung
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, 10326 Korea
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, 10326 Korea
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Iqbal A, Huiping G, Qiang D, Xiangru W, Hengheng Z, Xiling Z, Meizhen S. Differential responses of contrasting low phosphorus tolerant cotton genotypes under low phosphorus and drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:168. [PMID: 36997867 PMCID: PMC10061777 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is one of the main reasons for low phosphorus (P) solubility and availability. AIMS The use of low P tolerant cotton genotypes might be a possible option to grow in drought conditions. METHODS This study investigates the tolerance to drought stress in contrasting low P-tolerant cotton genotypes (Jimian169; strong tolerant to low P and DES926; weak tolerant to low P). In hydroponic culture, the drought was artificially induced with 10% PEG in both cotton genotypes followed by low (0.01 mM KH2PO4) and normal (1 mM KH2PO4) P application. RESULTS The results showed that under low P, PEG-induced drought greatly inhibited growth, dry matter production, photosynthesis, P use efficiency, and led to oxidative stress from excessive malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and these effects were more in DES926 than Jimian169. Moreover, Jimian169 alleviated oxidative damage by improving the antioxidant system, photosynthetic activities, and an increase in the levels of osmoprotectants like free amino acids, total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, and proline. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that the low P-tolerant cotton genotype can tolerate drought conditions through high photosynthesis, antioxidant capacity, and osmotic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China
- Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Gui Huiping
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xiangru
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China
| | - Zhang Hengheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Xiling
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China.
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China.
| | - Song Meizhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China.
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China.
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Influences of Natural Antioxidants, Reactive Oxygen Species and Compatible Solutes of Panicum Miliaceum L. Towards Drought Stress. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:141-149. [PMID: 36261690 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In proso millet, in certain circumstances, drought stress greatly influences growth and metabolisms. Thus, the present study was aimed to examine morphological, biochemical and ROS mechanisms between plant and drought stress in Panicum miliaceum L. To create the drought condition, water irrigation was done at different time intervals including 4, 7, 10, 13 days and control. All the experiments were carried out at different maturity stages such as 30, 50, and 70 days (after sowing). The results demonstrated that the root length, proline, glycine betaine, amino acid and superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities were boosted in all treatments as compared with control. As the proso millet matured, the length of shoots and the amount of chlorophyll pigment in the leaves reduced in all treatments as compared to control. Induced reduction of shoot growth, chlorophyll estimation and increases of root growth, osmolyte accumulations, antioxidant enzymes, were found to be drought-tolerant adaptative mechanisms in this study.
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Liu S, Sun B, Cao B, Lv Y, Chen Z, Xu K. Effects of soil waterlogging and high-temperature stress on photosynthesis and photosystem II of ginger (Zingiber officinale). PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:405-418. [PMID: 35726036 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy waterlogging and high temperatures occur frequently in North China, yet the effects of changing environments on photochemical reactions and carbon metabolism have not been described in ginger. To determine the impact of waterlogging and high temperature on ginger, in this study, treatment groups were established as follows: (a) well-watered at ambient temperature (28 °C/22 °C) (CK), (b) well-watered at moderate temperature (33 °C/27 °C) (MT), (c) well-watered at high temperature (38 °C/32 °C) (HT), (d) waterlogging at ambient temperature (CK-WL), (e) waterlogging at moderate temperature (MT-WL), and (f) waterlogging at high temperature (HT-WL) during the rhizome growth period. We analyzed the effect of different treatments on the photosynthetic performance of ginger. Here, our results showed that waterlogging and high temperature irreversibly decreased the photosynthetic pigment content, increased the ROS content of leaves, inhibited leaf carbon assimilation and limited PSII electron transport efficiency. In addition, waterlogging in isolation and high temperature in isolation affected photosynthesis to varying degrees. Taken together, photosynthesis was more sensitive to the combined stress than to the single stresses. The results of this research provide deep insights into the response mechanisms of crop photosynthesis to different water and temperature conditions and aid the development of scientific methods for mitigating plant damage over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangjia Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Bingxin Sun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Bili Cao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yao Lv
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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Liu J, Liu J, Wang H, Khan A, Xu Y, Hou Y, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Zheng J, Liu F, Cai X. Genome wide identification of GDSL gene family explores a novel GhirGDSL26 gene enhancing drought stress tolerance in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:14. [PMID: 36609252 PMCID: PMC9824929 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current climate change scenarios are posing greater threats to the growth and development of plants. Thus, significant efforts are required that can mitigate the negative effects of drought on the cotton plant. GDSL esterase/lipases can offer an imperative role in plant development and stress tolerance. However, thesystematic and functional roles of the GDSL gene family, particularly in cotton under water deficit conditions have not yet been explored. RESULTS In this study, 103, 103, 99, 198, 203, 239, 249, and 215 GDSL proteins were identified in eight cotton genomes i.e., Gossypium herbaceum (A1), Gossypium arboretum (A2), Gossypium raimondii (D5), Gossypium hirsutum (AD1), Gossypium barbadense (AD2), Gossypium tomentosum (AD3), Gossypium mustelinum (AD4), Gossypium darwinii (AD5), respectively. A total of 198 GDSL genes of Gossypium hirsutum were divided into eleven clades using phylogenetic analysis, and the number of GhirGDSL varied among different clades. The cis-elements analysis showed that GhirGDSL gene expression was mainly related to light, plant hormones, and variable tense environments. Combining the results of transcriptome and RT-qPCR, GhirGDSL26 (Gh_A01G1774), a highly up-regulated gene, was selected for further elucidating its tole in drought stress tolerance via estimating physiological and biochemical parameters. Heterologous expression of the GhirGDSL26 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in a higher germination and survival rates, longer root lengths, lower ion leakage and induced stress-responsive genes expression under drought stress. This further highlighted that overexpressed plants had a better drought tolerance as compared to the wildtype plants. Moreover, 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and Trypan staining results indicated reduced oxidative damage, less cell membrane damage, and lower ion leakage in overexpressed plants as compared to wild type. Silencing of GhirGDSL26 in cotton via VIGS resulting in a susceptible phenotype, higher MDA and H2O2 contents, lower SOD activity, and proline content. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that GhirGDSL26 plays a critical role in cotton drought stress tolerance. Current findings enrich our knowledge of GDSL genes in cotton and provide theoretical guidance and excellent gene resources for improving drought tolerance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jiangna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Aziz Khan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 530005, Nanning, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China.
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya, 572025, China.
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10
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Zou J, Hu W, Loka DA, Snider JL, Zhu H, Li Y, He J, Wang Y, Zhou Z. Carbon assimilation and distribution in cotton photosynthetic organs is a limiting factor affecting boll weight formation under drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1001940. [PMID: 36212360 PMCID: PMC9532866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1001940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have documented cotton boll weight reductions under drought, but the relative importance of the subtending leaf, bracts and capsule wall in driving drought-induced reductions in boll mass has received limited attention. To investigate the role of carbon metabolism in driving organ-specific differences in contribution to boll weight formation, under drought conditions. Controlled experiments were carried out under soil relative water content (SRWC) (75 ± 5)% (well-watered conditions, control), (60 ± 5)% (moderate drought) and (45 ± 5)% (severe drought) in 2018 and 2019 with two cultivars Yuzaomian 9110 and Dexiamian 1. Under severe drought, the decreases of photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbon isotope composition (δ13C) were observed in the subtending leaf, bract and capsule wall, suggesting that carbon assimilation of three organs was restricted and the limitation was most pronounced in the subtending leaf. Changes in the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SuSy), invertases as well as the reduction in expression of sucrose transporter (GhSUT1) led to variabilities in the sucrose content of three organs. Moreover, photosynthate distribution from subtending leaf to seeds plus fibers (the components of boll weight) was significantly restricted and the photosynthetic contribution rate of subtending leaf to boll weight was decreased, while contributions of bracts and capsule wall were increased by drought. This, in conjunction with the observed decreases in boll weight, indicated that the subtending leaf was the most sensitive photosynthetic organ to drought and was a dominant driver of boll weight loss under drought. Therefore, the subtending leaf governs boll weight loss under drought due to limitations in carbon assimilation, perturbations in sucrose metabolism and inhibition of sucrose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dimitra A. Loka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Larissa, Greece
| | - John L. Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Honghai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Mahmood T, Iqbal MS, Li H, Nazir MF, Khalid S, Sarfraz Z, Hu D, Baojun C, Geng X, Tajo SM, Dev W, Iqbal Z, Zhao P, Hu G, Du X. Differential seedling growth and tolerance indices reflect drought tolerance in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:331. [PMID: 35820810 PMCID: PMC9277823 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton production is adversely effected by drought stress. It is exposed to drought stress at various critical growth stages grown under a water scarcity environment. Roots are the sensors of plants; they detect osmotic stress under drought stress and play an important role in plant drought tolerance mechanisms. The seedling stage is very sensitive to drought stress, and it needed to explore the methods and plant characteristics that contribute to drought tolerance in cotton. RESULTS Initially, seedlings of 18 genotypes from three Gossypium species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, and G. arboreum, were evaluated for various seedling traits under control (NS) and drought stress (DS). Afterward, six genotypes, including two of each species, one tolerant and one susceptible, were identified based on the cumulative drought sensitivity response index (CDSRI). Finally, growth rates (GR) were examined for shoot and root growth parameters under control and DS in experimental hydroponic conditions. A significant variation of drought stress responses was observed across tested genotypes and species. CDSRI allowed here to identify the drought-sensitive and drought-resistant cultivar of each investigated species. Association among root and shoots growth traits disclosed influential effects of enduring the growth under DS. The traits including root length, volume, and root number were the best indicators with significantly higher differential responses in the tolerant genotypes. These root growth traits, coupled with the accumulation of photosynthates and proline, were also the key indicators of the resistance to drought stress. CONCLUSION Tolerant genotypes have advanced growth rates and the capacity to cop with drought stress by encouraging characteristics, including root differential growth traits coupled with physiological traits such as chlorophyll and proline contents. Tolerant and elite genotypes of G. hirsutum were more tolerant of drought stress than obsolete genotypes of G. barbadense and G. arboreum. Identified genotypes have a strong genetic basis of drought tolerance, which can be used in cotton breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mahmood
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the M inistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Hongge Li
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mian Faisal Nazir
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Shiguftah Khalid
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zareen Sarfraz
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Daowu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Chen Baojun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Xiaoli Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Sani Muhammad Tajo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Washu Dev
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zubair Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Guanjing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China.
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the M inistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, 455000, China.
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12
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Parkash V, Sharma DB, Snider J, Bag S, Roberts P, Tabassum A, West D, Khanal S, Suassuna N, Chee P. Effect of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus on Physiological Processes and Yield of Individual Cotton Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734386. [PMID: 34659302 PMCID: PMC8519356 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cotton leafroll dwarf disease (CLRDD) caused by cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is an emerging threat to cotton production in the United States. The disease was first reported in Alabama in 2017 and subsequently has been reported in 10 other cotton producing states in the United States, including Georgia. A field study was conducted at field sites near Tifton, Georgia in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf temperature responses for a symptomatic cultivar (diseased plants observed at regular frequency) at multiple stages of disease progression and for asymptomatic cultivars (0% disease incidence observed). Disease-induced reductions in net photosynthetic rate (A n, decreased by 63-101%), stomatal conductance (g s, decreased by 65-99%), and efficiency of the thylakoid reactions (32-92% decline in primary photochemistry) were observed, whereas leaf temperature significantly increased by 0.5-3.8°C at advanced stages of the disease. Net photosynthesis was substantially more sensitive to disease-induced declines in g s than the thylakoid reactions. Symptomatic plants with more advanced disease stages remained stunted throughout the growing season, and yield was reduced by 99% by CLRDD due to reductions in boll number per plant and declines in boll mass resulting from fewer seeds per boll. Asymptomatic cultivars exhibited more conservative gas exchange responses than apparently healthy plants of the symptomatic cultivar but were less productive. Overall, it is concluded that CLRDV limits stomatal conductance and photosynthetic activity of individual leaves, causing substantial declines in productivity for individual plants. Future studies should evaluate the physiological contributors to genotypic variation in disease tolerance under controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Parkash
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Divya Bhanu Sharma
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - John Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Phillip Roberts
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Afsha Tabassum
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Dalton West
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Sameer Khanal
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Nelson Suassuna
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Peng Chee
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
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13
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Hassan S, Ahmad A, Batool F, Rashid B, Husnain T. Genetic modification of Gossypium arboreum universal stress protein (GUSP1) improves drought tolerance in transgenic cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1779-1794. [PMID: 34539116 PMCID: PMC8405808 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cotton crop suffers shortage of irrigation water at reproductive stage which reduces the yield and fibre quality. Universal stress proteins belong to Pfam00582 which enables several plants to cope with multiple stresses via ATP binding. GUSP1 (Gossypium arboreum USP) is one of such proteins; its amino acids were mutated after in silico simulations including homology modeling and molecular docking analysis. Transgenic cotton plants were developed through Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation by using mutated pmGP1 and non mutated pGP1 constructs under CaMV35S promoter. PCR and semi-quantitative PCR analyses confirmed the amplification and expression of transgene in transgenic plants. It was revealed that leaf relative water content, total chlorophyll content, CO2 assimilation as net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, total soluble sugars and proline content was significantly increased at P ≤ 0.0001 and P ≤ 0.001 in both the pmGP1 and pGP1 transgenic plants as compared to non transgenic control plants. Moreover, relative membrane permeability and the transpiration rate were reduced significantly at P ≤ 0.0001 and P ≤ 0.001 respectively in transgenic plants under drought stress. Furthermore, the T1 transgenic seedlings containing pmGP1 mutated construct showed longer roots under desiccation stress imposed by 5% PEG. Transgene inheritance into the T1 progeny plants was confirmed by amplification through PCR and integration through Southern blot. Hence, our results pave the way to utilize the mutagenized known genes for increasing endurance of plants under drought stress. This will help to increase our understanding of drought tolerance/ sensitivity in cotton plants at the molecular level. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01048-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Hassan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700 Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700 Pakistan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fatima Batool
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700 Pakistan
| | - Bushra Rashid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700 Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87 W Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700 Pakistan
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14
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Romero-Perdomo F, Beltrán I, Mendoza-Labrador J, Estrada-Bonilla G, Bonilla R. Phosphorus Nutrition and Growth of Cotton Plants Inoculated With Growth-Promoting Bacteria Under Low Phosphate Availability. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.618425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The low availability of phosphorus (P) in the soil drastically limits the world productivity of crops such as cotton. In order to contribute sustainably to the solution of this problem, the current study aimed to evaluate the capacity of phosphate-solubilising bacteria to improve plant growth and its relationship with physiological parameters, as well as the shoot P content in cotton plants in a soil with low P availability amended with rock phosphate. The results showed that, of the six plant growth-promoting bacteria strains evaluated under greenhouse conditions, the Rhizobium strain B02 significantly promoted growth, shoot P content and photosynthetic rate. This strain also improved the transpiration rate and the relative content of chlorophyll but without significant differences. Remarkably, Rhizobium sp. B02 had a more significant effect on plant growth compared to the P nutrition. Furthermore, the effect of its inoculation was more pronounced on the roots' growth compared to the shoot. Finally, application of Rhizobium strain B02 showed the capacity to optimize the use of low-solubility fertilizer as the rock phosphate. These findings could be associated with the metabolic activities of plant growth promotion exhibited by phosphate-solubilising strains, such as phosphate solubilisation, production of indole compounds and siderophores synthesis. In conclusion, this research provides evidence of the biotechnological potential of the Rhizobium genus as phosphate-solubilising bacteria with multiple plant growth-promoting activities capable of improving the plant growth and phosphate nutrition of non-leguminous crops such as cotton in soil with low P availability amended with rock phosphate.
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15
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Iqbal A, Dong Q, Wang X, Gui H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Song M. High Nitrogen Enhance Drought Tolerance in Cotton through Antioxidant Enzymatic Activities, Nitrogen Metabolism and Osmotic Adjustment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E178. [PMID: 32024197 PMCID: PMC7076502 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and hampers many plant physiological processes under suboptimal nitrogen (N) concentration. Seedling tolerance to drought stress is very important for optimum growth and development, however, the enhancement of plant stress tolerance through N application in cotton is not fully understood. Therefore, this study investigates the role of high N concentration in enhancing drought stress tolerance in cotton. A hydroponic experiment supplying low (0.25 mM) and high (5 mM) N concentrations, followed by 150 g L-1 polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced stress was conducted in a growth chamber. PEG-induced drought stress inhibited seedling growth, led to oxidative stress from excessive malondialdehyde (MDA) generation, and reduced N metabolism. High N concentrations alleviated oxidative damage and stomatal limitation by increasing antioxidant enzymatic activities, leaf relative water content, and photosynthesis in cotton seedlings under drought stress. The results revealed that the ameliorative effects of high N concentration may be ascribed to the enhancement of N metabolizing enzymes and an increase in the amounts of osmoprotectants like free amino acids and total soluble protein. The present data suggest that relatively high N concentrations may contribute to drought stress tolerance in cotton through N metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and osmotic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (A.I.); (Q.D.); (X.W.); (H.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Meizhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (A.I.); (Q.D.); (X.W.); (H.G.); (H.Z.)
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16
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Mahmood T, Khalid S, Abdullah M, Ahmed Z, Shah MKN, Ghafoor A, Du X. Insights into Drought Stress Signaling in Plants and the Molecular Genetic Basis of Cotton Drought Tolerance. Cells 2019; 9:E105. [PMID: 31906215 PMCID: PMC7016789 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress restricts plant growth and development by altering metabolic activity and biological functions. However, plants have evolved several cellular and molecular mechanisms to overcome drought stress. Drought tolerance is a multiplex trait involving the activation of signaling mechanisms and differentially expressed molecular responses. Broadly, drought tolerance comprises two steps: stress sensing/signaling and activation of various parallel stress responses (including physiological, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms) in plants. At the cellular level, drought induces oxidative stress by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately causing the cell membrane to rupture and stimulating various stress signaling pathways (ROS, mitogen-activated-protein-kinase, Ca2+, and hormone-mediated signaling). Drought-induced transcription factors activation and abscisic acid concentration co-ordinate the stress signaling and responses in cotton. The key responses against drought stress, are root development, stomatal closure, photosynthesis, hormone production, and ROS scavenging. The genetic basis, quantitative trait loci and genes of cotton drought tolerance are presented as examples of genetic resources in plants. Sustainable genetic improvements could be achieved through functional genomic approaches and genome modification techniques such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system aid the characterization of genes, sorted out from stress-related candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms, quantitative trait loci, and genes. Exploration of the genetic basis for superior candidate genes linked to stress physiology can be facilitated by integrated functional genomic approaches. We propose a third-generation sequencing approach coupled with genome-wide studies and functional genomic tools, including a comparative sequenced data (transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenomic) analysis, which offer a platform to identify and characterize novel genes. This will provide information for better understanding the complex stress cellular biology of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mahmood
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China;
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Shiguftah Khalid
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (S.K.); (M.A.)
- National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Pakistan Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Pakistan Agriculture Research Council, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Abdul Ghafoor
- Member of Plant Sciences Division, Pakistan Agricultural Council (PARC), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China;
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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17
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Khan A, Pan X, Najeeb U, Tan DKY, Fahad S, Zahoor R, Luo H. Coping with drought: stress and adaptive mechanisms, and management through cultural and molecular alternatives in cotton as vital constituents for plant stress resilience and fitness. Biol Res 2018; 51:47. [PMID: 30428929 PMCID: PMC6234603 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and associated climatic variability is primarily responsible for inducing heat waves, flooding and drought stress. Among these, water scarcity is a major limitation to crop productivity. Water stress can severely reduce crop yield and both the severity and duration of the stress are critical. Water availability is a key driver for sustainable cotton production and its limitations can adversely affect physiological and biochemical processes of plants, leading towards lint yield reduction. Adaptation of crop husbandry techniques suitable for cotton crop requires a sound understanding of environmental factors, influencing cotton lint yield and fiber quality. Various defense mechanisms e.g. maintenance of membrane stability, carbon fixation rate, hormone regulation, generation of antioxidants and induction of stress proteins have been found play a vital role in plant survival under moisture stress. Plant molecular breeding plays a functional role to ascertain superior genes for important traits and can offer breeder ready markers for developing ideotypes. This review highlights drought-induced damage to cotton plants at structural, physiological and molecular levels. It also discusses the opportunities for increasing drought tolerance in cotton either through modern gene editing technology like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9), zinc finger nuclease, molecular breeding as well as through crop management, such as use of appropriate fertilization, growth regulator application and soil amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Khan
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ullah Najeeb
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Plant Science, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Daniel Kean Yuen Tan
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000 Shandong China
| | - Rizwan Zahoor
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghai Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 People’s Republic of China
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18
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Wang H, Chen Y, Xu B, Hu W, Snider JL, Meng Y, Chen B, Wang Y, Zhao W, Wang S, Zhou Z. Long-term exposure to slightly elevated air temperature alleviates the negative impacts of short term waterlogging stress by altering nitrogen metabolism in cotton leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 123:242-251. [PMID: 29253802 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Short-term waterlogging and chronic elevated temperature occur frequently in the Yangtze River Valley, yet the effects of these co-occurring environments on nitrogen metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) have received little attention. In this study, plants were exposed to two temperature regimes (31.6/26.5 °C and 34.1/29.0 °C) and waterlogging events (0 d, 3 d, 6 d) during flowering and boll development. The results showed that the effects of waterlogging stress and elevated temperature in isolation on nitrogen metabolism were quite different. Waterlogging stress not only limited NR (EC 1.6.6.1) and GS (EC 6.3.1.2) activities through the down-regulation of GhNR and GhGS expression for amino acid synthesis, but also promoted protein degradation by enhanced protease activity and peptidase activity, leading to lower organ and total biomass (reduced by 12.01%-27.63%), whereas elevated temperature inhibited protein degradation by limited protease activity and peptidase activity, promoting plant biomass accumulation. Furthermore, 2-3 °C chronic elevated temperature alleviated the negative impacts of a brief (3 d) waterlogging stress on cotton leaves, with the expression of GhNiR up-regulated, the activities of NR, GS and GOGAT (EC 1.4.7.1) increased and the activities of protease and peptidase decreased, leading to higher protein concentration and enhanced leaf biomass for EW3 relative to AW3. The results of the study suggested that exposure to slightly elevated air temperature improves the cotton plants' ability to recover from short-term (3 d) waterlogging stress by sustaining processes associated with nitrogen assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA.
| | - Yinglong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Bingjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31794, USA.
| | - Yali Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Binglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Youhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Wang H, Chen Y, Hu W, Wang S, Snider JL, Zhou Z. Carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf cross-acclimates to waterlogging and elevated temperature stress and influences boll biomass in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:339-354. [PMID: 28581029 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-term waterlogging and chronic elevated temperature occur concomitantly in the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) growing season. While previous research about co-occurring waterlogging and elevated temperature has focused primarily on cotton fiber, no studies have investigated carbohydrate metabolism of the subtending leaf (a major source leaf for boll development) cross-acclimation to aforementioned stressors. To address this, plants were exposed to ambient (31.6/26.5°C) and elevated (34.1/29.0°C) temperatures during the whole flowering and boll formation stage, and waterlogging (0, 3, 6 days) beginning on the day of anthesis. Both waterlogging and high temperature limited boll biomass (reduced by 1.19-32.14%), but effects of different durations of waterlogging coupled with elevated temperature on carbohydrate metabolism in the subtending leaf were quite different. The 6-day waterlogging combined with elevated temperature had the most negative impact on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carbohydrate metabolism of any treatment, leading to upregulated GhSusA and GhSusC expression and enhanced sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activity for sucrose degradation. A prior exposure to waterlogging for 3 days improved subtending leaf performance under elevated temperature. Pn, sucrose concentrations, Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) activity, and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cy-FBPase, EC 3.1.3.11) activity in the subtending leaf significantly increased, while SuSy activity decreased under 3 days waterlogging and elevated temperature combined relative to elevated temperature alone. Thus, we concluded that previous exposure to a brief (3 days) waterlogging stress improved sucrose composition and accumulation cross-acclimation to high temperature later in development not only by promoting leaf photosynthesis but also inhibiting sucrose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - John L Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, 31794, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology & Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
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Ullah A, Sun H, Yang X, Zhang X. Drought coping strategies in cotton: increased crop per drop. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:271-284. [PMID: 28055133 PMCID: PMC5316925 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The growth and yield of many crops, including cotton, are affected by water deficit. Cotton has evolved drought specific as well as general morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular responses to drought stress, which are discussed in this review. The key physiological responses against drought stress in cotton, including stomata closing, root development, cellular adaptations, photosynthesis, abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, have been identified by researchers. Drought stress induces the expression of stress-related transcription factors and genes, such as ROS scavenging, ABA or mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling genes, which activate various drought-related pathways to induce tolerance in the plant. It is crucial to elucidate and induce drought-tolerant traits via quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, transgenic approaches and exogenous application of substances. The current review article highlights the natural as well as engineered drought tolerance strategies in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ullah
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Heng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xiyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
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