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Stamellou E, Seikrit C, Tang SCW, Boor P, Tesař V, Floege J, Barratt J, Kramann R. IgA nephropathy. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:67. [PMID: 38036542 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, carries a considerable lifetime risk of kidney failure. Clinical manifestations of IgAN vary from asymptomatic with microscopic or intermittent macroscopic haematuria and stable kidney function to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. IgAN has been proposed to develop through a 'four-hit' process, commencing with overproduction and increased systemic presence of poorly O-glycosylated galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1), followed by recognition of Gd-IgA1 by antiglycan autoantibodies, aggregation of Gd-IgA1 and formation of polymeric IgA1 immune complexes and, lastly, deposition of these immune complexes in the glomerular mesangium, leading to kidney inflammation and scarring. IgAN can only be diagnosed by kidney biopsy. Extensive, optimized supportive care is the mainstay of therapy for patients with IgAN. For those at high risk of disease progression, the 2021 KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline suggests considering a 6-month course of systemic corticosteroid therapy; however, the efficacy of systemic steroid treatment is under debate and serious adverse effects are common. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of IgAN have led to clinical trials of novel targeted therapies with acceptable safety profiles, including SGLT2 inhibitors, endothelin receptor blockers, targeted-release budesonide, B cell proliferation and differentiation inhibitors, as well as blockade of complement components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Stamellou
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Seikrit
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sydney C W Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Boor
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Tesař
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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2
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Onigbinde S, Reyes CDG, Fowowe M, Daramola O, Atashi M, Bennett AI, Mechref Y. Variations in O-Glycosylation Patterns Influence Viral Pathogenicity, Infectivity, and Transmissibility in SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1467. [PMID: 37892149 PMCID: PMC10604390 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly glycosylated S protein plays a vital role in host cell invasion, making it the principal target for vaccine development. Differences in mutations observed on the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 variants may result in distinct glycosylation patterns, thus influencing immunological evasion, infectivity, and transmissibility. The glycans can mask key epitopes on the S1 protein and alter its structural conformation, allowing the virus to escape the immune system. Therefore, we comprehensively characterize O-glycosylation in eleven variants of SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunits to understand the differences observed in the biology of the variants. In-depth characterization was performed with a double digestion strategy and an efficient LC-MS/MS approach. We observed that O-glycosylation is highly conserved across all variants in the region between the NTD and RBD, whereas other domains and regions exhibit variation in O-glycosylation. Notably, omicron has the highest number of O-glycosylation sites on the S1 subunit. Also, omicron has the highest level of sialylation in the RBD and RBM functional motifs. Our findings may shed light on how differences in O-glycosylation impact viral pathogenicity in variants of SARS-CoV-2 and facilitate the development of a robust vaccine with high protective efficacy against the variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.O.); (C.D.G.R.); (M.F.); (O.D.); (M.A.); (A.I.B.)
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3
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Michaud E, Waeckel L, Gayet R, Goguyer-Deschaumes R, Chanut B, Jospin F, Bathany K, Monnoye M, Genet C, Prier A, Tokarski C, Gérard P, Roblin X, Rochereau N, Paul S. Alteration of microbiota antibody-mediated immune selection contributes to dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15386. [PMID: 35785473 PMCID: PMC9358401 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human secretory immunoglobulins (SIg) A1 and SIgA2 guide mucosal responses toward tolerance or inflammation, notably through reverse-transcytosis, the apical-to-basal transport of IgA2 immune complexes via M cells of gut Peyer's patches. As such, the maintenance of a diverse gut microbiota requires broad affinity IgA and glycan-glycan interaction. Here, we asked whether IgA1 and IgA2-microbiota interactions might be involved in dysbiosis induction during inflammatory bowel diseases. Using stool HPLC-purified IgA, we show that reverse-transcytosis is abrogated in ulcerative colitis (UC) while it is extended to IgA1 in Crohn's disease (CD). 16S RNA sequencing of IgA-bound microbiota in CD and UC showed distinct IgA1- and IgA2-associated microbiota; the IgA1+ fraction of CD microbiota was notably enriched in beneficial commensals. These features were associated with increased IgA anti-glycan reactivity in CD and an opposite loss of reactivity in UC. Our results highlight previously unknown pathogenic properties of IgA in IBD that could support dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Michaud
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Rémi Gayet
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Roman Goguyer-Deschaumes
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blandine Chanut
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabienne Jospin
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Katell Bathany
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (UMR 5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Coraline Genet
- Inserm UMR 1098 Right, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Amelie Prier
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Caroline Tokarski
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (UMR 5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Xavier Roblin
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
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4
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New Insights into the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases: When Mechanisms Become Vivid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073525. [PMID: 35408886 PMCID: PMC8998908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for glomerular diseases has been extrapolated from the experience of other autoimmune disorders while the underlying pathogenic mechanisms were still not well understood. As the classification of glomerular diseases was based on patterns of juries instead of mechanisms, treatments were typically the art of try and error. With the advancement of molecular biology, the role of the immune agent in glomerular diseases is becoming more evident. The four-hit theory based on the discovery of gd-IgA1 gives a more transparent outline of the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and dysregulation of Treg plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of minimal change disease (MCD). An epoch-making breakthrough is the discovery of PLA2R antibodies in the primary membranous nephropathy (pMN). This is the first biomarker applied for precision medicine in kidney disease. Understanding the immune system’s role in glomerular diseases allows the use of various immunosuppressants or other novel treatments, such as complement inhibitors, to treat glomerular diseases more reasonable. In this era of advocating personalized medicine, it is inevitable to develop precision medicine with mechanism-based novel biomarkers and novel therapies in kidney disease.
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Yang H, Cao Z, Mou R, Cao Z, Chen M. Quantification of rice α‐globulin allergen using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry combined with cysteine‐specific modifier and extended stable isotope‐labeled peptide. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang 330000 People's Republic of China
- Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Center Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao‐yun Cao
- Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Center Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006 People's Republic of China
| | - Ren‐xiang Mou
- Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Center Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen‐zhen Cao
- Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Center Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming‐xue Chen
- Rice Product Quality Inspection and Supervision Center Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006 People's Republic of China
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6
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Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy: Current Understanding and Implications for Development of Disease-Specific Treatment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194501. [PMID: 34640530 PMCID: PMC8509647 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy, initially described in 1968 as a kidney disease with glomerular “intercapillary deposits of IgA-IgG”, has no disease-specific treatment and is a common cause of kidney failure. Clinical observations and laboratory analyses suggest that IgA nephropathy is an autoimmune disease wherein the kidneys are damaged as innocent bystanders due to deposition of IgA1-IgG immune complexes from the circulation. A multi-hit hypothesis for the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy describes four sequential steps in disease development. Specifically, patients with IgA nephropathy have elevated circulating levels of IgA1 with some O-glycans deficient in galactose (galactose-deficient IgA1) and these IgA1 glycoforms are recognized as autoantigens by unique IgG autoantibodies, resulting in formation of circulating immune complexes, some of which deposit in glomeruli and activate mesangial cells to induce kidney injury. This proposed mechanism is supported by observations that (i) glomerular immunodeposits in patients with IgA nephropathy are enriched for galactose-deficient IgA1 glycoforms and the corresponding IgG autoantibodies; (ii) circulatory levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 and IgG autoantibodies predict disease progression; and (iii) pathogenic potential of galactose-deficient IgA1 and IgG autoantibodies was demonstrated in vivo. Thus, a better understanding of the structure–function of these immunoglobulins as autoantibodies and autoantigens will enable development of disease-specific treatments.
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7
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Perutka Z, Kaduchová K, Chamrád I, Beinhauer J, Lenobel R, Petrovská B, Bergougnoux V, Vrána J, Pecinka A, Doležel J, Šebela M. Proteome Analysis of Condensed Barley Mitotic Chromosomes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:723674. [PMID: 34497629 PMCID: PMC8419432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.723674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play a major role in the three-dimensional organization of nuclear genome and its function. While histones arrange DNA into a nucleosome fiber, other proteins contribute to higher-order chromatin structures in interphase nuclei, and mitotic/meiotic chromosomes. Despite the key role of proteins in maintaining genome integrity and transferring hereditary information to daughter cells and progenies, the knowledge about their function remains fragmentary. This is particularly true for the proteins of condensed chromosomes and, in particular, chromosomes of plants. Here, we purified barley mitotic metaphase chromosomes by a flow cytometric sorting and characterized their proteins. Peptides from tryptic protein digests were fractionated either on a cation exchanger or reversed-phase microgradient system before liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Chromosomal proteins comprising almost 900 identifications were classified based on a combination of software prediction, available database localization information, sequence homology, and domain representation. A biological context evaluation indicated the presence of several groups of abundant proteins including histones, topoisomerase 2, POLYMERASE 2, condensin subunits, and many proteins with chromatin-related functions. Proteins involved in processes related to DNA replication, transcription, and repair as well as nucleolar proteins were found. We have experimentally validated the presence of FIBRILLARIN 1, one of the nucleolar proteins, on metaphase chromosomes, suggesting that plant chromosomes are coated with proteins during mitosis, similar to those of human and animals. These results improve significantly the knowledge of plant chromosomal proteins and provide a basis for their functional characterization and comparative phylogenetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Perutka
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Kaduchová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ivo Chamrád
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jana Beinhauer
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - René Lenobel
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Beáta Petrovská
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Véronique Bergougnoux
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Vrána
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ales Pecinka
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Marek Šebela
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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8
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Hansen AL, Reily C, Novak J, Renfrow MB. Immunoglobulin A Glycosylation and Its Role in Disease. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:433-477. [PMID: 34687019 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human IgA is comprised of two subclasses, IgA1 and IgA2. Monomeric IgA (mIgA), polymeric IgA (pIgA), and secretory IgA (SIgA) are the main molecular forms of IgA. The production of IgA rivals all other immunoglobulin isotypes. The large quantities of IgA reflect the fundamental roles it plays in immune defense, protecting vulnerable mucosal surfaces against invading pathogens. SIgA dominates mucosal surfaces, whereas IgA in circulation is predominately monomeric. All forms of IgA are glycosylated, and the glycans significantly influence its various roles, including antigen binding and the antibody effector functions, mediated by the Fab and Fc portions, respectively. In contrast to its protective role, the aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and IgA vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN). Furthermore, detailed characterization of IgA glycosylation, including its diverse range of heterogeneity, is of emerging interest. We provide an overview of the glycosylation observed for each subclass and molecular form of IgA as well as the range of heterogeneity for each site of glycosylation. In many ways, the role of IgA glycosylation is in its early stages of being elucidated. This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Colin Reily
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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9
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Nimmerjahn F, Werner A. Sweet Rules: Linking Glycosylation to Antibody Function. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:365-393. [PMID: 34687017 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies produced upon infections with pathogenic microorganisms are essential for clearing primary infections and for providing the host with long-lasting immunity. Moreover, antibodies have become the most widely used platform for developing novel therapies against cancer and autoimmunity, requiring an in-depth understanding of how antibodies mediate their activity in vivo and which factors modulate pro- or anti-inflammatory antibody activities. Since the discovery that select residues present in the sugar domain attached to the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragment crystallizable (Fc) region can modulate both, pro- and anti-inflammatory effector functions, a wealth of studies has focused on understanding how IgG glycosylation is regulated and how this knowledge can be used to optimize therapeutic antibody activity. With the introduction of glycoengineered afucosylated antibodies in cancer therapy and the initiation of clinical testing of highly sialylated anti-inflammatory antibodies the proof-of-concept that understanding antibody glycosylation can lead to clinical innovation has been provided. The focus of this review is to summarize recent insights into how antibody glycosylation is regulated in vivo and how select sugar residues impact IgG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anja Werner
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Raskova Kafkova L, Brokesova D, Krupka M, Stehlikova Z, Dvorak J, Coufal S, Fajstova A, Srutkova D, Stepanova K, Hermanova P, Stepankova R, Uberall I, Skarda J, Novak Z, Vannucci L, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Jiraskova Zakostelska Z, Sinkora M, Mestecky J, Raska M. Secretory IgA N-glycans contribute to the protection against E. coli O55 infection of germ-free piglets. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:511-522. [PMID: 32973324 PMCID: PMC7946640 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are colonized by highly diverse commensal microbiota. Coating with secretory IgA (SIgA) promotes the survival of commensal bacteria while it inhibits the invasion by pathogens. Bacterial coating could be mediated by antigen-specific SIgA recognition, polyreactivity, and/or by the SIgA-associated glycans. In contrast to many in vitro studies, only a few reported the effect of SIgA glycans in vivo. Here, we used a germ-free antibody-free newborn piglets model to compare the protective effect of SIgA, SIgA with enzymatically removed N-glycans, Fab, and Fc containing the secretory component (Fc-SC) during oral necrotoxigenic E. coli O55 challenge. SIgA, Fab, and Fc-SC were protective, whereas removal of N-glycans from SIgA reduced SIgA-mediated protection as demonstrated by piglets' intestinal histology, clinical status, and survival. In vitro analyses indicated that deglycosylation of SIgA did not reduce agglutination of E. coli O55. These findings highlight the role of SIgA-associated N-glycans in protection. Further structural studies of SIgA-associated glycans would lead to the identification of those involved in the species-specific inhibition of attachment to corresponding epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Raskova Kafkova
- grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Brokesova
- grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Krupka
- grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Stehlikova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Coufal
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Fajstova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Srutkova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Stepanova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hermanova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Stepankova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Uberall
- grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Skarda
- grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Novak
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Luca Vannucci
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Jiraskova Zakostelska
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Sinkora
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- grid.418800.50000 0004 0555 4846Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Milan Raska
- grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Ondrej M, Rehulka P, Rehulkova H, Kupcik R, Tichy A. Fractionation of Enriched Phosphopeptides Using pH/Acetonitrile-Gradient-Reversed-Phase Microcolumn Separation in Combination with LC-MS/MS Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113971. [PMID: 32492839 PMCID: PMC7312998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful and sensitive method often used for the identification of phosphoproteins. However, in phosphoproteomics, there is an identified need to compensate for the low abundance, insufficient ionization, and suppression effects of non-phosphorylated peptides. These may hamper the subsequent liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis, resulting in incomplete phosphoproteome characterization, even when using high-resolution instruments. To overcome these drawbacks, we present here an effective microgradient chromatographic technique that yields specific fractions of enriched phosphopeptides compatible with LC–MS/MS analysis. The purpose of our study was to increase the number of identified phosphopeptides, and thus, the coverage of the sample phosphoproteome using the reproducible and straightforward fractionation method. This protocol includes a phosphopeptide enrichment step followed by the optimized microgradient fractionation of enriched phosphopeptides and final LC–MS/MS analysis of the obtained fractions. The simple fractionation system consists of a gas-tight microsyringe delivering the optimized gradient mobile phase to reversed-phase microcolumn. Our data indicate that combining the phosphopeptide enrichment with the microgradient separation is a promising technique for in-depth phosphoproteomic analysis due to moderate input material requirements and more than 3-fold enhanced protein identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ondrej
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense in Brno, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.O.); (H.R.)
| | - Pavel Rehulka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense in Brno, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Helena Rehulkova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense in Brno, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.O.); (H.R.)
| | - Rudolf Kupcik
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic;
| | - Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense in Brno, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.O.); (H.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-973-253-216
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12
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Chen HF, Shiao CY, Wu MY, Lin YC, Chen HH, Chang WC, Wu MS, Kao CC, Tsai IL. Quantitative determination of human IgA subclasses and their Fc-glycosylation patterns in plasma by using a peptide analogue internal standard and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 1:e8606. [PMID: 31705576 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Glycosylation on immunoglobulins is important for the immune function. In this study, we developed and validated a method for the absolute quantification of IgA subclasses and relative quantification of IgA-Fc glycopeptides by using affinity purification and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). Only micro-volumes of plasma were required from each sample and we also applied the method to discover IgA and IgA-glycopeptide profiles in patients with chronic kidney diseases and IgA nephropathy. METHODS Peptide M affinity beads were used to purify IgA, and a cost-effective peptide analogue was added as internal standard. With an efficient on-bead digestion process, purified samples were analyzed by UHPLC/MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode. RESULTS Correlation coefficients were greater than 0.999 for the IgA1 and IgA2 calibration curves and greater than 0.994 for glycopeptide regression curves. Intraday and interday precisions for IgA1 and IgA2 were <1.6% and <5.1% RSD, respectively. Intraday and interday accuracies ranged from 102.6 to 114.9% and 103.5 to 113.5% for IgA1 and IgA2, respectively. Stabilities of IgA1 and IgA2 at -80°C for 7 to 15 days ranged from 96.0 to 109.4%, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.916 when comparing the IgA quantification results of the 30 clinical samples by using ELISAs and the developed UHPLC/MS/MS method. Compared with healthy controls, IgA and IgA-glycopeptides showed different profiles in patients with chronic kidney diseases and IgA nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS The developed method showed good validation results, and the absolute quantification results of IgA correlated with those from ELISA. The pilot application study showed that IgA and IgA-glycopeptides can be potential biomarker candidates for kidney diseases, and more clinical sample applications are worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ya Shiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Tapei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yi Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chung Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mai-Szu Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Kao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Tapei, Taiwan
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Ma X, Li H, Zhang J, Huang W, Han J, Ge Y, Sun J, Chen Y. Comprehensive quantification of sesame allergens in processed food using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Wiśniewski JR, Zettl K, Pilch M, Rysiewicz B, Sadok I. 'Shotgun' proteomic analyses without alkylation of cysteine. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1100:131-137. [PMID: 31987133 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is a common belief that reduction of disulfide bridges and alkylation of thiols in proteins are indispensable steps in proteomic sample preparation. Since this chemical procedure is often incomplete and prone to side reactions we reexamined its importance. We found that reduction and alkylation do not increase the depth of analysis and quality of proteomic quantification and therefore these steps are not essential in 'shotgun'-type investigations of proteomes. Moreover, we found that compared to a standard procedure using iodoacetamide for thiol-alkylation, sample preparation under conditions protecting thiols from oxidation improves quality of peptides and allows identifying of 10-20% more peptides and proteins. Excluding thiol-alkylation from proteomic sample preparation shortens the workflows and decreases the probability of biases resulting from occurrence of artificially modified peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wiśniewski
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Katharina Zettl
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Magdalena Pilch
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Beata Rysiewicz
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Ilona Sadok
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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15
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Wang M, Lv J, Zhang X, Chen P, Zhao M, Zhang H. Secondary IgA Nephropathy Shares the Same Immune Features With Primary IgA Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 5:165-172. [PMID: 32043030 PMCID: PMC7000803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) and related IgA/IgG immune complexes have been identified as the key drivers in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, their roles in the development of secondary IgAN are still unknown. Methods In this study, we measured the plasma Gd-IgA1 level, IgA/IgG complex, and Gd-IgA1 glomerular deposits in 100 patients with various kinds of secondary IgAN. Plasma Gd-IgA1 was measured using a lectin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Gd-IgA1 in glomerular deposits was examined by double immunofluorescent staining using its specific monoclonal antibody KM55. Results Patients with secondary IgAN presented with higher plasma Gd-IgA1 levels compared to healthy controls (median, 354.61 U/ml; interquartile range [IQR], 323.93, 395.57 U/ml vs. median, 303.17 U/ml; IQR, 282.24, 337.92 U/ml, P < 0.001) or patients with other kidney diseases (median, 314.61 U/ml; IQR, 278.97, 343.55 U/ml, P < 0.001). A similar trend was observed in plasma IgA/IgG immune complexes or IgA1. There were no differences between secondary and primary IgAN in plasma Gd-IgA1 levels (median, 378.54 U/ml; IQR, 315.96, 398.33 U/ml, P = 0.700) and IgA1-IgG complex levels (median, 18.76 U/ml; IQR, 14.51, 22.83 U/ml vs. median, 19.11 U/ml; IQR, 13.21, 22.37 U/ml, P = 0.888). Co-localized IgA1 and Gd-IgA1 of both secondary and primary IgAN indicated that they both share the feature of Gd-IgA1 deposits on the glomerular mesangium. Conclusion Our study strongly suggests that secondary IgAN shares a similar galactose-deficient IgA1-oriented pathogenesis with primary IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manliu Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Lv
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
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16
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Stewart TJ, Takahashi K, Whitaker RH, Raska M, Placzek WJ, Novak J, Renfrow MB. IgA1 hinge-region clustered glycan fidelity is established early during semi-ordered glycosylation by GalNAc-T2. Glycobiology 2019; 29:543-556. [PMID: 30759204 PMCID: PMC6583770 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
GalNAc-type O-glycans are often added to proteins post-translationally in a clustered manner in repeat regions of proteins, such as mucins and IgA1. Observed IgA1 glycosylation patterns show that glycans occur at similar sites with similar structures. It is not clear how the sites and number of glycans added to IgA1, or other proteins, can follow a conservative process. GalNAc-transferases initiate GalNAc-type glycosylation. In IgA nephropathy, an autoimmune disease, the sites and O-glycan structures of IgA1 hinge-region are altered, giving rise to a glycan autoantigen. To better understand how GalNAc-transferases determine sites and densities of clustered O-glycans, we used IgA1 hinge-region (HR) segment as a probe. Using LC-MS, we demonstrated a semi-ordered process of glycosylation by GalNAc-T2 towards the IgA1 HR. The catalytic domain was responsible for selection of four initial sites based on amino-acid sequence recognition. Both catalytic and lectin domains were involved in multiple second site-selections, each dependent on initial site-selection. Our data demonstrated that multiple start-sites and follow-up pathways were key to increasing the number of glycans added. The lectin domain predominately enhanced IgA1 HR glycan density by increasing synthesis pathway exploration by GalNAc-T2. Our data indicated a link between site-specific glycan addition and clustered glycan density that defines a mechanism of how conserved clustered O-glycosylation patterns and glycoform populations of IgA1 can be controlled by GalNAc-T2. Together, these findings characterized a correlation between glycosylation pathway diversity and glycosylation density, revealing mechanisms by which a single GalNAc-T isozyme can limit and define glycan heterogeneity in a disease-relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Stewart
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Robert H Whitaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - William J Placzek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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17
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Ippoushi K, Tanaka Y, Wakagi M, Hashimoto N, Takano-Ishikawa Y. Assessment of Pru p 1 and Pru p 3 in peach fruit by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Bagdonaite I, Wandall HH. Global aspects of viral glycosylation. Glycobiology 2018; 28:443-467. [PMID: 29579213 PMCID: PMC7108637 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses encompass some of the most common human pathogens causing infections of different severity, ranging from no or very few symptoms to lethal disease as seen with the viral hemorrhagic fevers. All enveloped viruses possess an envelope membrane derived from the host cell, modified with often heavily glycosylated virally encoded glycoproteins important for infectivity, viral particle formation and immune evasion. While N-linked glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is well characterized with respect to location, structure and site occupancy, information on mucin-type O-glycosylation of these proteins is less comprehensive. Studies on viral glycosylation are often limited to analysis of recombinant proteins that in most cases are produced in cell lines with a glycosylation capacity different from the capacity of the host cells. The glycosylation pattern of the produced recombinant glycoproteins might therefore be different from the pattern on native viral proteins. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on analysis of viral glycosylation, and summarize known roles of glycans in the biology of enveloped human viruses. In addition, we describe how to overcome the analytical limitations by using a global approach based on mass spectrometry to identify viral O-glycosylation in virus-infected cell lysates using the complex enveloped virus herpes simplex virus type 1 as a model. We underscore that glycans often pay important contributions to overall protein structure, function and immune recognition, and that glycans represent a crucial determinant for vaccine design. High throughput analysis of glycosylation on relevant glycoprotein formulations, as well as data compilation and sharing is therefore important to identify consensus glycosylation patterns for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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19
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Abstract
IgA nephropathy, the most common primary glomerulonephritis in the world and a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease, is characterized by typical mesangial deposits of IgA1, as described by Berger and Hinglaise in 1968. Since then, it has been discovered that aberrant IgA1 O-glycosylation is involved in disease pathogenesis. Progress in glycomic, genomic, clinical, analytical, and biochemical studies has shown autoimmune features of IgA nephropathy. The autoimmune character of the disease is explained by a multihit pathogenesis model, wherein overproduction of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1, galactose-deficient in some O-glycans, by IgA1-secreting cells leads to increased levels of circulatory galactose-deficient IgA1. These glycoforms induce production of autoantibodies that subsequently bind hinge-region of galactose-deficient IgA1 molecules, resulting in the formation of nephritogenic immune complexes. Some of these complexes deposit in the kidney, activate mesangial cells, and incite glomerular injury. Thus, galactose-deficient IgA1 is central to the disease process. In this article, we review studies concerning IgA1 O-glycosylation that have contributed to the current understanding of the role of IgA1 in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL..
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Bruce A Julian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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20
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Pinheiro A, de Sousa-Pereira P, Strive T, Knight KL, Woof JM, Esteves PJ, Abrantes J. Identification of a new European rabbit IgA with a serine-rich hinge region. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201567. [PMID: 30089177 PMCID: PMC6082545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the most striking IgA system belongs to Lagomorpha. Indeed, 14 IgA subclasses have been identified in European rabbits, 11 of which are expressed. In contrast, most other mammals have only one IgA, or in the case of hominoids, two IgA subclasses. Characteristic features of the mammalian IgA subclasses are the length and amino acid sequence of their hinge regions, which are often rich in Pro, Ser and Thr residues and may also carry Cys residues. Here, we describe a new IgA that was expressed in New Zealand White domestic rabbits of IGHVa1 allotype. This IgA has an extended hinge region containing an intriguing stretch of nine consecutive Ser residues and no Pro or Thr residues, a motif exclusive to this new rabbit IgA. Considering the amino acid properties, this hinge motif may present some advantage over the common IgA hinge by affording novel functional capabilities. We also sequenced for the first time the IgA14 CH2 and CH3 domains and showed that IgA14 and IgA3 are expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pinheiro
- CIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBio Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Patricia de Sousa-Pereira
- CIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBio Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Strive
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Katherine L. Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jenny M. Woof
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro J. Esteves
- CIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBio Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias da Saúde, IPSN, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Joana Abrantes
- CIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBio Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
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21
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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22
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Yeo SC, Cheung CK, Barratt J. New insights into the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:763-777. [PMID: 28624979 PMCID: PMC5861174 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy is the most common form of glomerulonephritis in many parts of the world and remains an important cause of end-stage renal disease. Current evidence suggests that IgA nephropathy is not due to a single pathogenic insult, but rather the result of multiple sequential pathogenic "hits". An abnormally increased level of circulating poorly O-galactosylated IgA1 and the production of O-glycan-specific antibodies leads to the formation of IgA1-containing immune complexes, and their subsequent mesangial deposition results in inflammation and glomerular injury. While this general framework has formed the foundation of our current understanding of the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, much work is ongoing to try to precisely define the genetic, epigenetic, immunological, and molecular basis of IgA nephropathy. In particular, the precise origin of poorly O-galactosylated IgA1 and the inciting factors for the production of O-glycan-specific antibodies continue to be intensely evaluated. The mechanisms responsible for mesangial IgA1 deposition and subsequent renal injury also remain incompletely understood. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the key steps involved in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. It is hoped that further advances in our understanding of this common glomerulonephritis will lead to novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and targeted therapies to ameliorate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Cheng Yeo
- Department of Renal Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Kay Cheung
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- The John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
- The John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
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Everest-Dass AV, Moh ESX, Ashwood C, Shathili AMM, Packer NH. Human disease glycomics: technology advances enabling protein glycosylation analysis - part 1. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:165-182. [PMID: 29285957 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1421946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein glycosylation is recognized as an important post-translational modification, with specific substructures having significant effects on protein folding, conformation, distribution, stability and activity. However, due to the structural complexity of glycans, elucidating glycan structure-function relationships is demanding. The fine detail of glycan structures attached to proteins (including sequence, branching, linkage and anomericity) is still best analysed after the glycans are released from the purified or mixture of glycoproteins (glycomics). The technologies currently available for glycomics are becoming streamlined and standardized and many features of protein glycosylation can now be determined using instruments available in most protein analytical laboratories. Areas covered: This review focuses on the current glycomics technologies being commonly used for the analysis of the microheterogeneity of monosaccharide composition, sequence, branching and linkage of released N- and O-linked glycans that enable the determination of precise glycan structural determinants presented on secreted proteins and on the surface of all cells. Expert commentary: Several emerging advances in these technologies enabling glycomics analysis are discussed. The technological and bioinformatics requirements to be able to accurately assign these precise glycan features at biological levels in a disease context are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Everest-Dass
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Edward S X Moh
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Christopher Ashwood
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Abdulrahman M M Shathili
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- a Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,c ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
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Chen L, Su W, Chen H, Chen DQ, Wang M, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Proteomics for Biomarker Identification and Clinical Application in Kidney Disease. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 85:91-113. [PMID: 29655463 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment effectiveness for kidney disease is limited by lack of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. The gold standard test renal biopsy along with serum creatinine and proteinuria is often necessary to establish a diagnosis, particularly in glomerular disease. Proteomics has become a powerful tool for novel biomarker discovery in kidney disease. Novel proteomics offer earlier and more accurate diagnosis of renal pathology than possible with traditional biomarkers such as serum creatinine and urine protein. In addition, proteomic biomarkers could also be useful to choose the most suitable therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the current status of proteomic biomarkers from animal models (5/6 nephrectomy, unilateral ureteral obstruction, and diabetic nephropathy) and human studies (chronic kidney disease, glomerular diseases, transplantation, dialysis, acute and drug-induced kidney injury) to assess relevant findings and clinical usefulness. Current issues and problems related to the discovery, validation, and clinical application of proteomic biomarkers are discussed. We also describe several proteomic strategies highlighting technologic advancements, specimen selection, data processing and analysis. This review might provide help in future proteomic studies to improve the diagnosis and management of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Su
- Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Guo
- University of New Mexico, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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25
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Lehoux S, Ju T. Separation of Two Distinct O-Glycoforms of Human IgA1 by Serial Lectin Chromatography Followed by Mass Spectrometry O-Glycan Analysis. Methods Enzymol 2016; 585:61-75. [PMID: 28109443 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1), which carries four to six mucin-type O-glycans (O-glycans) on its hinge region (HR), is the most abundant O-glycoprotein in plasma or serum. While normal O-glycans from hematopoietic-originated cells are core 1-based complex structures, many reports showed that the IgA1 from patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) carries undergalactosylated or truncated O-glycans such as the Tn antigen and its sialylated version the SialylTn (STn) antigen on the HR. Yet, there is still a debate whether Tn/STn on the HR of IgA1 is specific to the IgA1 from patients with IgAN since these antigens have also been seen in serum IgA1 of healthy individuals. An additional question is whether the O-glycans at all sites on the two HRs of one IgA1 molecule are homogeneous (either all normal or all Tn/STn) or heterogeneous (both normal and Tn/STn O-glycans). To address these questions, we conducted a systematic study on the O-glycans of plasma IgA1 from both IgAN patients and healthy controls using serial HPA and PNA lectin chromatography followed by western blotting and further analysis of O-glycans from HPA-bound and PNA-bound IgA1 fractions by mass spectrometry. Unexpectedly, we found that a variable minor fraction of IgA1 from both IgAN patients and healthy controls had Tn/STn antigens, and that the O-glycoprotein IgA1 molecules from most samples had only two distinct O-glycoforms: one major glycoform with homogeneous normal core 1-based O-glycans and one minor glycoform with homogeneous Tn/STn antigens. These results raised a serious question about the role of Tn/STn antigens on IgA1 in pathogenesis of IgAN, and there is a demand for a practical methodology that any laboratory can utilize to analyze the O-glycans of IgA1. Herein, we describe the methodology we developed in more detail. The method could also be applied to the analysis of any other O-glycosylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lehoux
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - T Ju
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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26
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Ippoushi K, Sasanuma M, Oike H, Kobori M, Maeda-Yamamoto M. Absolute quantification of Pru av 2 in sweet cherry fruit by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with the use of a stable isotope-labelled peptide. Food Chem 2016; 204:129-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a pathophysiology view. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:757-70. [PMID: 27351940 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM IgA nephropathy is one of the leading causes of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and an important etiology of renal disease in young adults. IgA nephropathy is considered an immune complex-mediated disease. METHODS This review article summarizes recent evidence on the pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy. RESULTS Current studies indicate an ordered sequence of multi-hits as fundamental to disease occurrence. Altered glycan structures in the hinge region of the heavy chains of IgA1 molecules act as auto-antigens, potentially triggering the production of glycan-specific autoantibodies. Recognition of novel epitopes by IgA and IgG antibodies leads to the formation of immune complexes galactose deficient-IgA1/anti-glycan IgG or IgA. Immune complexes of IgA combined with FcαRI/CD89 have also been implicated in disease exacerbation. These nephritogenic immune complexes are formed in the circulation and deposited in renal mesangium. Deposited immune complexes ultimately induce glomerular injury, through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, secretion of chemokines and the resultant migration of macrophages into the kidney. The TfR1/CD71 receptor has a pivotal role in mesangial cells. New signaling intracellular mechanisms have also been described. CONCLUSION The knowledge of the whole pathophysiology of this disease could provide the rational bases for developing novel approaches for diagnosis, for monitoring disease activity, and for disease-specific treatment.
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Longitudinal monitoring of immunoglobulin A glycosylation during pregnancy by simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27955. [PMID: 27302155 PMCID: PMC4908400 DOI: 10.1038/srep27955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a glycoprotein of which altered glycosylation has been associated with several pathologies. Conventional methods for IgA N- and O-glycosylation analysis are tedious, thus limiting such analyses to small sample sizes. Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms were detected on the Asn144-containing glycopeptide. Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. Simultaneously with these N-glycopeptides, 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide were profiled in a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum. Since many pregnancy associated changes have been recognized for immunoglobulin G, we sought to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery. Pregnancy associated changes of N-glycan bisection were different for IgA1 as compared to IgG-Fc described earlier. We foresee further applications of the developed method for larger patient cohorts to study IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes in pathologies.
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29
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Liu Y, Chen S, Zhang J, Gao B. Growth, microcystin-production and proteomic responses of Microcystis aeruginosa under long-term exposure to amoxicillin. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 93:141-152. [PMID: 26900975 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ecological risk of antibiotics due to the induction of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been widely investigated, while studies on the hazard of antibiotic contaminants via the regulation of cyanobacteria were still limited. This study focused on the long-term action effect and mechanism of amoxicillin (a broadly used antibiotic) in Microcystis aeruginosa at environmentally relevant concentrations through 30 days of semi-continuous culture. Amoxicillin stimulated the photosynthesis activity and the production of microcystins, and interaction of differential proteins under amoxicillin exposure further manifested the close correlation between the two processes. D1 protein, ATP synthase subunits alpha and beta, enolase, triosephosphate isomerase and phosphoglycerate kinase were candidate target positions of amoxicillin in M. aeruginosa under long-term exposure. Amoxicillin affected the cellular biosynthesis process and the metabolism of carbohydrate and nucleoside phosphate according to the proteomic responses. Under exposure to amoxicillin, stimulated growth rate at the beginning phase and increased production and release of microcystins during the whole exposure period would lead to a higher contamination of M. aeruginosa cells and microcystins, indicating that amoxicillin was harmful to aquatic environments through the promotion of cyanobacterial bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Shi Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
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Knoppova B, Reily C, Maillard N, Rizk DV, Moldoveanu Z, Mestecky J, Raska M, Renfrow MB, Julian BA, Novak J. The Origin and Activities of IgA1-Containing Immune Complexes in IgA Nephropathy. Front Immunol 2016; 7:117. [PMID: 27148252 PMCID: PMC4828451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis, frequently leading to end-stage renal disease, as there is no disease-specific therapy. IgAN is diagnosed from pathological assessment of a renal biopsy specimen based on predominant or codominant IgA-containing immunodeposits, usually with complement C3 co-deposits and with variable presence of IgG and/or IgM. The IgA in these renal deposits is galactose-deficient IgA1, with less than a full complement of galactose residues on the O-glycans in the hinge region of the heavy chains. Research from the past decade led to the definition of IgAN as an autoimmune disease with a multi-hit pathogenetic process with contributing genetic and environmental components. In this process, circulating galactose-deficient IgA1 (autoantigen) is bound by antiglycan IgG or IgA (autoantibodies) to form immune complexes. Some of these circulating complexes deposit in glomeruli, and thereby activate mesangial cells and induce renal injury through cellular proliferation and overproduction of extracellular matrix components and cytokines/chemokines. Glycosylation pathways associated with production of the autoantigen and the unique characteristics of the corresponding autoantibodies in patients with IgAN have been uncovered. Complement likely plays a significant role in the formation and the nephritogenic activities of these complexes. Complement activation is mediated through the alternative and lectin pathways and probably occurs systemically on IgA1-containing circulating immune complexes as well as locally in glomeruli. Incidence of IgAN varies greatly by geographical location; the disease is rare in central Africa but accounts for up to 40% of native-kidney biopsies in eastern Asia. Some of this variation may be explained by genetically determined influences on the pathogenesis of the disease. Genome-wide association studies to date have identified several loci associated with IgAN. Some of these loci are associated with the increased prevalence of IgAN, whereas others, such as deletion of complement factor H-related genes 1 and 3, are protective against the disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and genetic and biochemical factors involved in formation and activities of pathogenic IgA1-containing immune complexes will enable the development of future disease-specific therapies as well as identification of non-invasive disease-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Knoppova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Colin Reily
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nicolas Maillard
- Université Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France
- PRES Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dana V. Rizk
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zina Moldoveanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bruce A. Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Solecka BA, Weise C, Laffan MA, Kannicht C. Site-specific analysis of von Willebrand factor O-glycosylation. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:733-46. [PMID: 26784534 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND O-glycosylation of von Willebrand factor (VWF) affects many of its functions; however, there is currently no information on the occupancy of the 10 putative O-glycosylation sites. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the site-specific analysis of VWF O-glycosylation. METHODS Tryptic VWF-O-glycopeptides were isolated by lectin affinity chromatography and/or by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Subsequently, the purified glycopeptides were analyzed by glycosidase digestion and mass spectrometry. RESULTS We found that all 10 predicted O-glycosylation sites in VWF are occupied. The majority of the glycan structures on all glycosylation sites is represented by disialyl core 1 O-glycan. The presence of core 2 O-glycan was also confirmed; interestingly, this structure was not evenly distributed among all 10 glycosylation sites. Analysis of the glycopeptides flanking the A1 domain revealed that generally more core-2-type O-glycan was present on the C-terminal Cluster 2 glycopeptide (encompassing T(1468) , T(1477) , S(1486) and T(1487) ) compared with the N-terminal Cluster 1 glycopeptide (encompassing T(1248) , T(1255) , T(1256) and S(1263) ). Disialosyl motifs were present on both glycopeptides flanking the A1 domain and on the glycosylation site T(2298) in the C1 domain. In addition, we identify sulfation of core 2 O-glycans and the presence of the rare Tn antigen. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to describe the qualitative and semi-quantitative distribution of O-glycan structures on all 10 O-glycosylation sites, which will provide a valuable starting point for further studies exploring the functional and structural implications of O-glycosylation in VWF.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Solecka
- Molecular Biochemistry, Octapharma, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Weise
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M A Laffan
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - C Kannicht
- Molecular Biochemistry, Octapharma, Berlin, Germany
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Plomp R, Bondt A, de Haan N, Rombouts Y, Wuhrer M. Recent Advances in Clinical Glycoproteomics of Immunoglobulins (Igs). Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2217-28. [PMID: 27009965 PMCID: PMC4937499 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o116.058503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody glycosylation analysis has seen methodological progress resulting in new findings with regard to antibody glycan structure and function in recent years. For example, antigen-specific IgG glycosylation analysis is now applicable for clinical samples because of the increased sensitivity of measurements, and this has led to new insights in the relationship between IgG glycosylation and various diseases. Furthermore, many new methods have been developed for the purification and analysis of IgG Fc glycopeptides, notably multiple reaction monitoring for high-throughput quantitative glycosylation analysis. In addition, new protocols for IgG Fab glycosylation analysis were established revealing autoimmune disease-associated changes. Functional analysis has shown that glycosylation of IgA and IgE is involved in transport across the intestinal epithelium and receptor binding, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina Plomp
- From the ‡Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- From the ‡Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands; §Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- From the ‡Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- ¶Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- From the ‡Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands;
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L'Imperio V, Smith A, Chinello C, Pagni F, Magni F. Proteomics and glomerulonephritis: A complementary approach in renal pathology for the identification of chronic kidney disease related markers. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:371-83. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Smith
- Department of Health Sciences; University Milan Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Clizia Chinello
- Department of Health Sciences; University Milan Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Pathology; University Milan Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Fulvio Magni
- Department of Health Sciences; University Milan Bicocca; Monza Italy
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Arend P. ABO (histo) blood group phenotype development and human reproduction as they relate to ancestral IgM formation: A hypothesis. Immunobiology 2016; 221:116-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kupčík R, Zelená M, Řehulka P, Bílková Z, Česlová L. Selective isolation of hydrophobin SC3 by solid-phase extraction with polytetrafluoroethylene microparticles and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:717-24. [PMID: 26608781 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small proteins that play a role in a number of processes during the filamentous fungi growth and development. These proteins are characterized by the self-assembly of their molecules into an amphipathic membrane at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces. Isolation and purification of hydrophobins generally present a challenge in their analysis. Hydrophobin SC3 from Schizophyllum commune was selected as a representative of class I hydrophobins in this work. A novel procedure for selective and effective isolation of hydrophobin SC3 based on solid-phase extraction with polytetrafluoroethylene microparticles loaded in a small self-made microcolumn is reported. The tailored binding of hydrophobins to polytetrafluoroethylene followed by harsh elution conditions resulted in a highly specific isolation of hydrophobin SC3 from the model mixture of ten proteins. The presented isolation protocol can have a positive impact on the analysis and utilization of these proteins including all class I hydrophobins. Hydrophobin SC3 was further subjected to reduction of its highly stable disulfide bonds and to chymotryptic digestion followed by mass spectrometric analysis. The isolation and digestion protocols presented in this work make the analysis of these highly hydrophobic and compact proteins possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Kupčík
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Zelená
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Řehulka
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bílková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Česlová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Suzuki Y, Suzuki H, Yasutake J, Tomino Y. Paradigm shift in activity assessment of IgA nephropathy – optimizing the next generation of diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers via glycan targeting. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:583-93. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1006624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Stuchlova Horynova M, Vrablikova A, Stewart TJ, Takahashi K, Czernekova L, Yamada K, Suzuki H, Julian BA, Renfrow MB, Novak J, Raska M. N-acetylgalactosaminide α2,6-sialyltransferase II is a candidate enzyme for sialylation of galactose-deficient IgA1, the key autoantigen in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 30:234-8. [PMID: 25281698 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galactose-deficient O-glycans in the hinge region (HR) of immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) play a key role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). O-Glycans of circulatory IgA1 consist of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) with a β1,3-linked galactose; both sugars may be sialylated. In patients with IgAN, α2,6-sialylated GalNAc is a frequent form of the galactose-deficient O-glycans. Prior analyses of IgA1-producing cells had indicated that α2,6-sialyltransferase II (ST6GalNAc-II) is likely responsible for sialylation of GalNAc of galactose-deficient IgA1, but direct evidence is missing. METHODS We produced a secreted variant of recombinant human ST6GalNAc-II and an IgA1 fragment comprised of Cα1-HR-Cα2. This IgA1 fragment and a synthetic HR peptide with enzymatically attached GalNAc residues served as acceptors. ST6GalNAc-II activity was assessed in vitro and the attachment of sialic acid to these acceptors was detected by lectin blot and mass spectrometry. RESULTS ST6GalNAc-II was active with both acceptors. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis revealed that up to three sialic acid residues were added to the GalNAc residues of the HR glycopeptide. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide direct evidence that ST6GalNAc-II can sialylate GalNAc of galactose-deficient IgA1. As serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 with sialylated glycoforms are increased in IgAN patients, our data explain the corresponding part of the biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milada Stuchlova Horynova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alena Vrablikova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tyler J Stewart
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Lydie Czernekova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Koshi Yamada
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Bruce A Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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39
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Windwarder M, Altmann F. Site-specific analysis of the O-glycosylation of bovine fetuin by electron-transfer dissociation mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2014; 108:258-68. [PMID: 24907489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bovine fetuin often finds use as a test model for analytical methods, but the exact occupancy of its O-glycosylation sites has not yet been determined. An obstacle for a closer inspection of the five or six O-glycosylation sites is the close spacing of several sites on the same tryptic peptide. The advent of ion-trap instruments with electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) capability and - for the type of instrument - high resolution prompted us to probe this technology for the investigation of the intricate posttranslational modifications O-glycosylation and phosphorylation. Much information could be obtained by direct-infusion ETD analysis of the fully sialylated tryptic 61-residue peptide harboring 8 hydroxyl amino acids of which four were indeed found to be, if only partially, glycosylated. The middle-down approach allowed recognizing an order of action of O-GalNAc transferase(s). No such hierarchy could be observed for phosphorylation. ETD fragmentation on an ion trap thus allowed in-depth analysis of a large, multiply O-glycosylated peptide, however, only by data accumulation over several minutes by direct infusion of a prefractionated sample. O-glycosylation and phosphorylation sites re-defined and their occupancy including that of N-glycans were defined by this study. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE O-glycosylation of natural or recombinant proteins poses a challenge because of the lack of unambiguous consensus sites, the agglomeration of several O-glycans in close proximity and the lack of efficient O-glycosidases. Even bovine fetuin, a frequently used test glycoprotein for glycosylation analysis, has hitherto not been fully characterized in terms of site occupancy. This gap shall hereby be closed by application of electron-transfer dissociation mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Windwarder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Austria.
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40
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Schmitt R, Ståhl AL, Olin AI, Kristoffersson AC, Rebetz J, Novak J, Lindahl G, Karpman D. The combined role of galactose-deficient IgA1 and streptococcal IgA-binding M Protein in inducing IL-6 and C3 secretion from human mesangial cells: implications for IgA nephropathy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:317-26. [PMID: 24850720 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix expansion associated with immune deposits consisting of galactose-deficient polymeric IgA1 and C3. We have previously shown that IgA-binding regions of streptococcal M proteins colocalize with IgA in mesangial immune deposits in patients with IgAN. In the present study, the IgA-binding M4 protein from group A Streptococcus was found to bind to galactose-deficient polymeric IgA1 with higher affinity than to other forms of IgA1, as shown by surface plasmon resonance and solid-phase immunoassay. The M4 protein was demonstrated to bind to mesangial cells not via the IgA-binding region but rather via the C-terminal region, as demonstrated by flow cytometry. IgA1 enhanced binding of M4 to mesangial cells, but not vice versa. Costimulation of human mesangial cells with M4 and galactose-deficient polymeric IgA1 resulted in a significant increase in IL-6 secretion compared with each stimulant alone. Galactose-deficient polymeric IgA1 alone, but not M4, induced C3 secretion from the cells, and costimulation enhanced this effect. Additionally, costimulation enhanced mesangial cell proliferation compared with each stimulant alone. These results indicate that IgA-binding M4 protein binds preferentially to galactose-deficient polymeric IgA1 and that these proteins together induce excessive proinflammatory responses and proliferation of human mesangial cells. Thus, tissue deposition of streptococcal IgA-binding M proteins may contribute to the pathogenesis of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schmitt
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne-Lie Ståhl
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders I Olin
- Department of Infection Medicine, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Rebetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Gunnar Lindahl
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Diana Karpman
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden;
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41
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New insights into the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:431-42. [PMID: 24442210 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common diagnosis amongst primary glomerular diseases in most countries where renal biopsies are regularly performed. Only a fraction of these patients is at high risk of losing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in particular those with high grade proteinuria, uncontrolled hypertension or already impaired GFR at diagnosis, and those with renal scars in the renal biopsy. Genetic modifiers of IgAN onset and/or course are emerging. Spontaneous animal models of IgAN are problematic given considerable species differences between the rodent and human IgA system. However, new transgenic models help to better understand the pathogenesis. A key pathogenetic role appears to be played by underglycated IgA1 as well as autoantibodies to these IgA glycoforms and IgA receptors such as CD89 and transferrin receptor 1. Once IgA and/or IgA-containing immune complexes are deposited or formed in the mesangium, secondary effector mechanisms become important including complement activation, release of mesangial growth factors (in particular platelet-derived growth factor), and finally non-IgAN-specific events that culminate in glomerular and subsequently renal tubulointerstitial scaring. Here, we review these processes and describe potential novel therapeutic targets in IgAN.
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