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Bojórquez-Velázquez E, Zamora-Briseño JA, Barrera-Pacheco A, Espitia-Rangel E, Herrera-Estrella A, Barba de la Rosa AP. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Amaranth Species Seeds by 2-DE and ESI-MS/MS. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2728. [PMID: 39409597 PMCID: PMC11478449 DOI: 10.3390/plants13192728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024]
Abstract
Amaranth is a promising staple food that produces seeds with excellent nutritional quality. Although cultivated species intended for grain production have interesting agronomic traits, relatively little is known about wild species, which can prosper in diverse environments and could be a rich genetic source for crop improvement. This work focuses on the proteomic comparison between the seeds of wild and cultivated amaranth species using polarity-based protein extraction and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) showed changes in granule-bound starch synthases and a wide range of 11S globulin isoforms. The electrophoretic profile of these proteins suggests that they may contain significant phosphorylation as post-translational modifications (PTMs), which were confirmed via immunodetection. These PTMs may impact the physicochemical functionality of storage proteins, with potential implications for seed agronomic traits and food system applications. Low-abundant DAPs with highly variable accumulation patterns are also discussed; these were involved in diverse molecular processes, such as genic regulation, lipid storage, and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esaú Bojórquez-Velázquez
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico or (E.B.-V.); (A.B.-P.)
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Campus III, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa 91073, Mexico;
| | | | - Alberto Barrera-Pacheco
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico or (E.B.-V.); (A.B.-P.)
| | - Eduardo Espitia-Rangel
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Texcoco 56250, Mexico;
| | | | - Ana Paulina Barba de la Rosa
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico or (E.B.-V.); (A.B.-P.)
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2
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Chen A, Hu S, Zhu D, Zhao R, Huang C, Gao Y. Lipid droplets proteome reveals dynamic changes of lipid droplets protein during embryonic development of Carya cathayensis nuts. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023:111753. [PMID: 37268111 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) is an important intracellular organelle for triacylglycerols (TAGs) storage. A variety of proteins on the surface of LD coordinately control the contents, size, stability and biogenesis of LD. However, the LD proteins in Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) nuts, which rich in oil and composed of unsaturated fatty acids, have not been identified and their roles in LD formation still remain largely unknown. In present study, LD fractions from three developmental stages of Chinese hickory seed were enriched and the LD fraction accumulated proteins were then isolated and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Protein compositions throughout the various developmental phases were calculated using label-free intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ) algorithm. The dynamic proportion of high abundance lipid droplets proteins such as oleosins 2 (OLE2), caleosins 1 (CLO1) and steroleosin 5 (HSD5) increased parallelly with the embryo development. For low abundance lipid droplets proteins, SEED LD PROTEIN 2 (SLDP2), STEROL METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (SMT1) and LD-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 (LDAP1) were the predominant proteins. Moreover, 14 low abundance OB proteins such as oil body-associated protein 2A (OBAP2A) were selected for future investigation that may associate with embryo development. Overall, 62 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were determined by label free quantification (LFQ) algorithms and may involve in LD biogenesis. Furthermore, the subcellular localization validation indicated that selected LD proteins were targeted to the lipid droplets, confirming the promising of proteome data. Taken together, this comparative study may shed light on further study to understand the lipid droplets function in the seed, which contains high oil content. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: The mass spectrometry proteomics data are available in the ProteomeXchange Consortium (accession number: PXD038646).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yanli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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3
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Hanano A, Blée E, Murphy DJ. Caleosin/peroxygenases: multifunctional proteins in plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:387-409. [PMID: 36656070 PMCID: PMC10072107 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caleosin/peroxygenases (CLO/PXGs) are a family of multifunctional proteins that are ubiquitous in land plants and are also found in some fungi and green algae. CLO/PXGs were initially described as a class of plant lipid-associated proteins with some similarities to the oleosins that stabilize lipid droplets (LDs) in storage tissues, such as seeds. However, we now know that CLO/PXGs have more complex structures, distributions and functions than oleosins. Structurally, CLO/PXGs share conserved domains that confer specific biochemical features, and they have diverse localizations and functions. SCOPE This review surveys the structural properties of CLO/PXGs and their biochemical roles. In addition to their highly conserved structures, CLO/PXGs have peroxygenase activities and are involved in several aspects of oxylipin metabolism in plants. The enzymatic activities and the spatiotemporal expression of CLO/PXGs are described and linked with their wider involvement in plant physiology. Plant CLO/PXGs have many roles in both biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants and in their responses to environmental toxins. Finally, some intriguing developments in the biotechnological uses of CLO/PXGs are addressed. CONCLUSIONS It is now two decades since CLO/PXGs were first recognized as a new class of lipid-associated proteins and only 15 years since their additional enzymatic functions as a new class of peroxygenases were discovered. There are many interesting research questions that remain to be addressed in future physiological studies of plant CLO/PXGs and in their recently discovered roles in the sequestration and, possibly, detoxification of a wide variety of lipidic xenobiotics that can challenge plant welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus, Syria
| | - Elizabeth Blée
- Former Head of Phyto-oxylipins laboratory, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Treforest, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus, Syria
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4
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Chen K, Yin Y, Ding Y, Chao H, Li M. Characterization of Oil Body and Starch Granule Dynamics in Developing Seeds of Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044201. [PMID: 36835614 PMCID: PMC9967339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica napus is the most important oilseed crop in the world, and the lipid was stored in the oil body (OB) in the form of triacylglycerol. At present, most of studies on the relationship between oil body morphology and seed oil content in B. napus was focused on mature seeds. In the present study, the OBs in different developing seeds of B. napus with relatively high oil content (HOC) of about 50% and low oil content (LOC) of about 39% were analyzed. It was revealed that the size of OBs was first increased and then decreased in both materials. And in late seed developmental stages, the average OB size of rapeseed with HOC was higher than that of LOC, while it was reversed in the early seed developmental stages. No significant difference was observed on starch granule (SG) size in HOC and LOC rapeseed. Further results indicated that the expression of genes that involved in malonyl-CoA metabolism, fatty acid carbon chain extension, lipid metabolism, and starch synthesis in the rapeseed with HOC was higher than that of rapeseed with LOC. These results give some new insight for understanding the dynamics of OBs and SGs in embryos of B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yongtai Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiran Ding
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongbo Chao
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence:
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Saadat F. A computational study on the structure-function relationships of plant caleosins. Sci Rep 2023; 13:72. [PMID: 36593238 PMCID: PMC9807586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cells store energy in oil bodies constructed by structural proteins such as oleosins and caleosins. Although oil bodies usually accumulate in the seed and pollen of plants, caleosins are present in various organs and organelles. This issue, coupled with the diverse activities of caleosins, complicates the description of these oleo-proteins. Therefore, the current article proposes a new classification based on the bioinformatics analysis of the transmembrane topology of caleosins. Accordingly, the non-membrane class are the most abundant and diverse caleosins, especially in lower plants. Comparing the results with other reports suggests a stress response capacity for these caleosins. However, other classes play a more specific role in germination and pollination. A phylogenetic study also revealed two main clades that were significantly different in terms of caleosin type, expression profile, molecular weight, and isoelectric point (P < 0.01). In addition to the biochemical significance of the findings, predicting the structure of caleosins is necessary for constructing oil bodies used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Saadat
- Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, 4111, Iran.
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6
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Li F, Han X, Guan H, Xu MC, Dong YX, Gao XQ. PALD encoding a lipid droplet-associated protein is critical for the accumulation of lipid droplets and pollen longevity in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:204-219. [PMID: 35348222 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollen longevity is critical for plant pollination and hybrid seed production, but few studies have focused on pollen longevity. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis thaliana gene, Protein associated with lipid droplets (PALD), which is strongly expressed in pollen and critical for the regulation of pollen longevity. PALD was expressed specifically in mature pollen grains and the pollen tube, and its expression was upregulated under dry conditions. PALD encoded a lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein and its N terminus was critical for the LD localization of PALD. The number of LDs and diameter were reduced in pollen grains of the loss-of-function PALD mutants. The viability and germination of the mature pollen grains of the pald mutants were comparable with those of the wild-type, but after the pollen grains were stored under dry conditions, pollen germination and male transmission of the mutant were compromised compared with those of the wild-type. Our study suggests that PALD was required for the maintenance of LD quality in mature pollen grains and regulation of pollen longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xiao Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Huan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Mei Chen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yu Xiu Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xin-Qi Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
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7
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Wu Q, Chen H, Zhang Z, Chen C, Yu F, Guy RD. Effects of Fruit Shading on Gene and Protein Expression During Starch and Oil Accumulation in Developing Styrax tonkinensis Kernels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:905633. [PMID: 35720550 PMCID: PMC9201641 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.905633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Styrax tonkinensis has great potential as a biofuel feedstock source having industrial oilseeds with excellent fatty acids (FAs) composition and good fuel properties. Photosynthesis in the developing pericarp could affect the carbon distribution in kernel. During kernel development, more carbon sources are allocated to starch rather than lipid, when the pericarp photosynthesis is reduced by fruit shading treatment. After shading the fruits at 50 days after flowering (DAF), samples of shaded fruit (FSK) and controls (CK) were collected at 80 DAF and analyzed using the proteomic method. We identified 3,181 proteins, of which 277 were differentially expressed proteins, all downregulated in the FSK group. There were 56 proteins found involved in carbohydrate metabolism and lipid biosynthesis leading to oil accumulation with their iTRAQ ratios of FSK/CK ranging from 0.7123 to 1.1075. According to the qRT-PCR analyses, the key genes related to FA and triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis were significantly downregulated between 60 and 90 DAF especially at 80 DAF, while the key genes involved in starch biosynthesis and FA desaturase had no significant difference between the two groups at 80 DAF. Fruit shading is a negative treatment for lipid accumulation but not starch accumulation by restraining enzymic protein expression involved in FA and TAG biosynthesis during S. tonkinensis kernel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikui Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding and Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangyuan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Fangyuan Yu,
| | - Robert D. Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Robert D. Guy,
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8
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de Almeida NP, Neto DFM, Carneiro GRA, de Farias ARB, Domont GB, de Paiva Campos FDA, Nogueira FCS. Monitoring casbene synthase in Jatropha curcas tissues using targeted proteomics. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:15. [PMID: 33549129 PMCID: PMC7868020 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Casbene synthase (CS) is responsible for the first committed step in the biosynthesis of phorbol esters (PE) in the Euphorbiaceae. PE are abundant in the seeds of the biofuel crop Jatropha curcas and its toxicity precludes the use of the protein-rich cake obtained after oil extraction as an animal feed and the toxicity of the fumes derived from burning PE containing biofuel is also a matter of concern. This toxicity is a major hindrance to exploit the potential of this crop as a source of raw material to produce biodiesel. For this reason, the current research on J. curcas is mainly focused on the understanding of the biosynthesis and site of synthesis of PE, as an avenue for the development of genotypes unable to synthesize PE in its seeds. RESULTS Here, we present targeted proteomics assays (SRM and PRM) to detect and quantify CS in leaves, endosperm, and roots of two J. curcas genotypes with contrasting levels of PE. These assays were based on the use of reference isotopic labeled synthetic peptides (ILSP) predicted from 12 gene models of CS from the J. curcas genome. CONCLUSION Our targeted proteomics methods were able to detect and quantify, for the first time, CS gene products and demonstrate the distribution of CS isoforms only in roots from J. curcas genotypes with a high and low concentration of PE. These methods can be expanded to monitor CS, at the protein level, in different tissues and genotypes of J. curcas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Pinto de Almeida
- Laboratory of Proteomics/LADETEC, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Reis Alves Carneiro
- Laboratory of Proteomics/LADETEC, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Barbosa Domont
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Laboratory of Proteomics/LADETEC, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Proteomics Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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The phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein DTH1 mediates degradation of lipid droplets in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23131-23139. [PMID: 32868427 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005600117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles found in a wide range of organisms and play important roles in stress tolerance. During nitrogen (N) starvation, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii stores large amounts of triacylglycerols (TAGs) inside LDs. When N is resupplied, the LDs disappear and the TAGs are degraded, presumably providing carbon and energy for regrowth. The mechanism by which cells degrade LDs is poorly understood. Here, we isolated a mutant (dth1-1, Delayed in TAG Hydrolysis 1) in which TAG degradation during recovery from N starvation was compromised. Consequently, the dth1-1 mutant grew poorly compared to its parental line during N recovery. Two additional independent loss-of-function mutants (dth1-2 and dth1-3) also exhibited delayed TAG remobilization. DTH1 transcript levels increased sevenfold upon N resupply, and DTH1 protein was localized to LDs. DTH1 contains a putative lipid-binding domain (DTH1LBD) with alpha helices predicted to be structurally similar to those in apolipoproteins E and A-I. Recombinant DTH1LBD bound specifically to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), a major phospholipid coating the LD surface. Overexpression of DTH1LBD in Chlamydomonas phenocopied the dth1 mutant's defective TAG degradation, suggesting that the function of DTH1 depends on its ability to bind PE. Together, our results demonstrate that the lipid-binding DTH1 plays an essential role in LD degradation and provide insight into the molecular mechanism of protein anchorage to LDs at the LD surface in photosynthetic cells.
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10
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Abstract
We attempted to identify the total proteome in sesame lipid droplets. Results from two-dimensional electrophoresis showed 139 protein spots in lipid droplet samples. Each spot was isolated, digested with trypsin, and applied to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (Q-Tof Premier). As a result, 103 spots were identified. Although oleosin, caleosin, and steroleosin are known major components of the lipid droplet, many other proteins were also found in the lipid droplet. In addition to the three major proteins, TAG factor protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, F1 ATPase, 70-kDa heat shock protein, seed maturation protein PM24, and 11S globulin precursor isoforms 3 and 4 were found in the lipid droplet. Three types of oleosins, 15-, 15.5-, and 17-kDa were present in the sesame lipid droplet, and the 15.5-kDa oleosin had high homology with oleosin from Coffea canephora. It has been shown by acid phosphatase treatment that oleosin proteins contain phosphate groups. Protein disulfide-isomerase 2 precursor, calreticulin-1, and BiP, which are known as marker proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum, were found as the components of the lipid droplet. Immunoconfocal microscopy was used to show that 11S globulin precursor isoform 3 and 4 were indeed localized in the lipid droplet. The presence of 11S globulin in the lipid droplets suggested a new mechanism for the lipid droplet formation.
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11
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Lamberti C, Nebbia S, Balestrini R, Marengo E, Manfredi M, Pavese V, Cirrincione S, Giuffrida MG, Cavallarin L, Acquadro A, Abbà S. Identification of a caleosin associated with hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) oil bodies. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:404-409. [PMID: 32027456 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Caleosins are involved in several cellular and biological processes that are closely associated with the synthesis, degradation and stability of oil bodies (OB). Because of the importance and the multiple roles of these OB-associated proteins, in silico identification of sequences corresponding to putative caleosins in the hazelnut genome has been performed, and the association with seed OB was verified using a proteomic approach. Five full-length sequences (CavCLO-H1, CavCLO-H2, CavCLO-H3, CavCLO-L1, CavCLO-L2), belonging to the two groups of caleosins (H and L), have been identified in the hazelnut genome. The number of identified caleosins is in agreement with that previously observed in other plant species, confirming that caleosins comprise small gene families in plants. A proteomic approach allowed us to verify only the presence of CavCLO-H1 in hazelnut OB, suggesting that several members inside this family could have different roles during plant growth and development. In silico analysis also suggests that CavCLO-H1 may act as a peroxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lamberti
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - S Nebbia
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - R Balestrini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - E Marengo
- DiSIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - M Manfredi
- DiSIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - V Pavese
- DiSAFA, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - S Cirrincione
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - M G Giuffrida
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - L Cavallarin
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - A Acquadro
- DiSAFA, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - S Abbà
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Torino, Italy
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12
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The Puzzling Conservation and Diversification of Lipid Droplets from Bacteria to Eukaryotes. Results Probl Cell Differ 2020; 69:281-334. [PMID: 33263877 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51849-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane compartments are amongst the most fascinating markers of cell evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, some being conserved and the others having emerged via a series of primary and secondary endosymbiosis events. Membrane compartments comprise the system limiting cells (one or two membranes in bacteria, a unique plasma membrane in eukaryotes) and a variety of internal vesicular, subspherical, tubular, or reticulated organelles. In eukaryotes, the internal membranes comprise on the one hand the general endomembrane system, a dynamic network including organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, the nuclear envelope, etc. and also the plasma membrane, which are linked via direct lateral connectivity (e.g. between the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear outer envelope membrane) or indirectly via vesicular trafficking. On the other hand, semi-autonomous organelles, i.e. mitochondria and chloroplasts, are disconnected from the endomembrane system and request vertical transmission following cell division. Membranes are organized as lipid bilayers in which proteins are embedded. The budding of some of these membranes, leading to the formation of the so-called lipid droplets (LDs) loaded with hydrophobic molecules, most notably triacylglycerol, is conserved in all clades. The evolution of eukaryotes is marked by the acquisition of mitochondria and simple plastids from Gram-positive bacteria by primary endosymbiosis events and the emergence of extremely complex plastids, collectively called secondary plastids, bounded by three to four membranes, following multiple and independent secondary endosymbiosis events. There is currently no consensus view of the evolution of LDs in the Tree of Life. Some features are conserved; others show a striking level of diversification. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the architecture, dynamics, and multitude of functions of the lipid droplets in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes deriving from primary and secondary endosymbiosis events.
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Global Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals the Defense and Response Mechanisms of Jatropha Curcas Seedling under Chilling Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010208. [PMID: 30626061 PMCID: PMC6337099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As a promising energy plant for biodiesel, Jatropha curcas is a tropical and subtropical shrub and its growth is affected by one of major abiotic stress, chilling. Therefore, we adopt the phosphoproteomic analysis, physiological measurement and ultrastructure observation to illustrate the responsive mechanism of J. curcas seedling under chilling (4 °C) stress. After chilling for 6 h, 308 significantly changed phosphoproteins were detected. Prolonged the chilling treatment for 24 h, obvious physiological injury can be observed and a total of 332 phosphoproteins were examined to be significantly changed. After recovery (28 °C) for 24 h, 291 phosphoproteins were varied at the phosphorylation level. GO analysis showed that significantly changed phosphoproteins were mainly responsible for cellular protein modification process, transport, cellular component organization and signal transduction at the chilling and recovery periods. On the basis of protein-protein interaction network analysis, phosphorylation of several protein kinases, such as SnRK2, MEKK1, EDR1, CDPK, EIN2, EIN4, PI4K and 14-3-3 were possibly responsible for cross-talk between ABA, Ca2+, ethylene and phosphoinositide mediated signaling pathways. We also highlighted the phosphorylation of HOS1, APX and PIP2 might be associated with response to chilling stress in J. curcas seedling. These results will be valuable for further study from the molecular breeding perspective.
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Zhang C, Liu P. The New Face of the Lipid Droplet: Lipid Droplet Proteins. Proteomics 2018; 19:e1700223. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congyan Zhang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Quantitative Spatiotemporal Oil Body Ultrastructure Helps to Verify the Distinct Lipid Deposition Patterns in Benzoin Endosperm and Embryo Cells. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Pyc M, Cai Y, Greer MS, Yurchenko O, Chapman KD, Dyer JM, Mullen RT. Turning Over a New Leaf in Lipid Droplet Biology. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:596-609. [PMID: 28454678 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) in plants have long been viewed as storage depots for neutral lipids that serve as sources of carbon, energy, and lipids for membrane biosynthesis. While much of our knowledge of LD function in plants comes from studies of oilseeds, a recent surge in research on LDs in non-seed cell types has led to an array of new discoveries. It is now clear that both evolutionarily conserved and kingdom-specific mechanisms underlie the biogenesis of LDs in eukaryotes, and proteomics and homology-based approaches have identified new protein players. This review highlights some of these recent discoveries and other new areas of plant LD research, including their role in stress responses and as targets of metabolic engineering strategies aimed at increasing oil content in bioenergy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pyc
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yingqi Cai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Michael S Greer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Olga Yurchenko
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - John M Dyer
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA.
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Yang S, Ding MM, Chen F, Xu Y. Proteomic analysis of latex from Jatropha curcas L. stems and comparison of two classic proteomic sample isolation methods: The phenol extraction and the TCA/acetone extraction. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Müller AO, Blersch KF, Gippert AL, Ischebeck T. Tobacco pollen tubes - a fast and easy tool for studying lipid droplet association of plant proteins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:1055-1064. [PMID: 27943529 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, lipid droplets have emerged as dynamic organelles rather than inactive storage sites for triacylglycerol. The number of proteins known to be associated with lipid droplets has increased, but remains small in comparison with those found with other organelles. Also the mechanisms of how lipid droplets are recognized and bound by proteins need deeper investigation. Here, we present a fast, simple and inexpensive approach to assay proteins for their association with lipid droplets in vivo that can help to screen protein candidates or mutated variants of proteins for their association in an efficient manner. For this, a system to transiently transform Nicotiana tabacum pollen grains was used because these naturally contain lipid droplets. We designed vectors for fast cloning of genes as fusions with either mVenus or mCherry. This allowed us to assay colocalization with lipid droplets stained with Nile Red and Bodipy 505/515, respectively. We successfully tested our system not only for proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, but also for proteins from the moss Physcomitrella patens and the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The small size of the vector used allows easy exchange of codons by site-directed mutagenesis. We used this to show that two proline residues in the proline knot of a caleosin are not essential for the binding of lipid droplets. We also demonstrated that peroxisomes are not associated with the lipid droplets in tobacco pollen tubes, which reduces the risk of false interpretation of microscopic data in our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ophelia Müller
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Katharina Franziska Blersch
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Gippert
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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Zhi Y, Taylor MC, Campbell PM, Warden AC, Shrestha P, El Tahchy A, Rolland V, Vanhercke T, Petrie JR, White RG, Chen W, Singh SP, Liu Q. Comparative Lipidomics and Proteomics of Lipid Droplets in the Mesocarp and Seed Tissues of Chinese Tallow ( Triadica sebifera). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1339. [PMID: 28824675 PMCID: PMC5541829 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are composed of a monolayer of phospholipids (PLs), surrounding a core of non-polar lipids that consist mostly of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and to a lesser extent diacylglycerols. In this study, lipidome analysis illustrated striking differences in non-polar lipids and PL species between LDs derived from Triadica sebifera seed kernels and mesocarp. In mesocarp LDs, the most abundant species of TAG contained one C18:1 and two C16:0 and fatty acids, while TAGs containing three C18 fatty acids with higher level of unsaturation were dominant in the seed kernel LDs. This reflects the distinct differences in fatty acid composition of mesocarp (palmitate-rich) and seed-derived oil (α-linoleneate-rich) in T. sebifera. Major PLs in seed LDs were found to be rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, in contrast to those with relatively shorter carbon chain and lower level of unsaturation in mesocarp LDs. The LD proteome analysis in T. sebifera identified 207 proteins from mesocarp, and 54 proteins from seed kernel, which belong to various functional classes including lipid metabolism, transcription and translation, trafficking and transport, cytoskeleton, chaperones, and signal transduction. Oleosin and lipid droplets associated proteins (LDAP) were found to be the predominant proteins associated with LDs in seed and mesocarp tissues, respectively. We also show that LDs appear to be in close proximity to a number of organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and Golgi apparatus. This comparative study between seed and mesocarp LDs may shed some light on the structure of plant LDs and improve our understanding of their functionality and cellular metabolic networks in oleaginous plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenli Chen
| | | | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberra, ACT, Australia
- Qing Liu
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Brocard L, Immel F, Coulon D, Esnay N, Tuphile K, Pascal S, Claverol S, Fouillen L, Bessoule JJ, Bréhélin C. Proteomic Analysis of Lipid Droplets from Arabidopsis Aging Leaves Brings New Insight into Their Biogenesis and Functions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:894. [PMID: 28611809 PMCID: PMC5447075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are cell compartments specialized for oil storage. Although their role and biogenesis are relatively well documented in seeds, little is known about their composition, structure and function in senescing leaves where they also accumulate. Here, we used a label free quantitative mass spectrometry approach to define the LD proteome of aging Arabidopsis leaves. We found that its composition is highly different from that of seed/cotyledon and identified 28 proteins including 9 enzymes of the secondary metabolism pathways involved in plant defense response. With the exception of the TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL2 protein, we did not identify enzymes implicated in lipid metabolism, suggesting that growth of leaf LDs does not occur by local lipid synthesis but rather through contact sites with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other membranes. The two most abundant proteins of the leaf LDs are the CALEOSIN3 and the SMALL RUBBER PARTICLE1 (AtSRP1); both proteins have structural functions and participate in plant response to stress. CALEOSIN3 and AtSRP1 are part of larger protein families, yet no other members were enriched in the LD proteome suggesting a specific role of both proteins in aging leaves. We thus examined the function of AtSRP1 at this developmental stage and found that AtSRP1 modulates the expression of CALEOSIN3 in aging leaves. Furthermore, AtSRP1 overexpression induces the accumulation of triacylglycerol with an unusual composition compared to wild-type. We demonstrate that, although AtSRP1 expression is naturally increased in wild type senescing leaves, its overexpression in senescent transgenic lines induces an over-accumulation of LDs organized in clusters at restricted sites of the ER. Conversely, atsrp1 knock-down mutants displayed fewer but larger LDs. Together our results reveal that the abundancy of AtSRP1 regulates the neo-formation of LDs during senescence. Using electron tomography, we further provide evidence that LDs in leaves share tenuous physical continuity as well as numerous contact sites with the ER membrane. Thus, our data suggest that leaf LDs are functionally distinct from seed LDs and that their biogenesis is strictly controlled by AtSRP1 at restricted sites of the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysiane Brocard
- Plant Imaging Platform, Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, US4 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Françoise Immel
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Denis Coulon
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux INPTalence, France
| | - Nicolas Esnay
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Karine Tuphile
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stéphanie Pascal
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Proteome Platform, Functional Genomic Center of Bordeaux, University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Laëtitia Fouillen
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bessoule
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Claire Bréhélin
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200Villenave d'Ornon, France
- *Correspondence: Claire Bréhélin
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Abstract
We study the structural stability of helical and nonhelical regions in chain A of human intelectin-1. Using a geometrical model introduced previously, we carried out a computational analysis based on the recently reported crystal structure of this protein by Kiessling et al. to quantify the resiliency of the native state to steric perturbations. Response to these perturbations is characterized by calculating, relative to the native state, the lateral, radial, and angular displacements of n-residue segments of the polypeptide chain centered on each residue. By quantifying the stability of the protein through six stages of unfolding, we are able to identify regions in chain A of intelectin-1 that are markedly affected by structural perturbations versus those that are relatively unaffected, the latter suggesting that the native-state geometry of these regions is essentially conserved. Importantly, residues in the vicinity of calcium ions comprise a conserved region, suggesting that Ca ions play a role not only in the coordination of carbohydrate hydroxyl groups but also in preserving the integrity of the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Kozak
- DePaul University , 243 South Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60604-6116, United States
| | - Harry B Gray
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Roberto A Garza-López
- Department of Chemistry and Seaver Chemistry Laboratory, Pomona College , Claremont, California 91711, United States
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