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Ewertowska P, Świtała K, Grzyb W, Urbański R, Aschenbrenner P, Krzysztofik M. Effects of whole-body vibration warm-up on subsequent jumping and running performance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7411. [PMID: 37150765 PMCID: PMC10164738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether acute whole-body vibration, a single bout of drop jumps, or a combination of both may enhance countermovement jump (CMJ) and would affect volitional pace 3 km running performance. Twelve healthy and recreationally active males completed 4 conditions in randomized order: (i) 5 sets of 30 s calf raises on the platform but without vibration; (ii) 5 sets of 30 s calf raises on the vibration platform with 30 s rest intervals between sets; (iii) 5 sets of 6 drop jump with a 30 s rest interval between sets; (iv) 5 sets of 30 s calf raises on the vibration platform followed by 6 drop jumps with a 30 s rest interval between sets. Before, 3-min after, and immediately after a 3 km run each participant performed CMJ. No significant difference between conditions (p = 0.327) for the 3 km time trial was found. Whereas CMJ height and relative peak power were significantly improved in post-3 km run than at baseline (p < 0.001 and p = 0.025) and post-warm-up (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002) in all conditions. The present study indicates that warm-up consisting of either whole-body vibration, drop jumps, or a combination of both failed to acutely improve CMJ and 3 km volitional pace running performance in physically active males. However, the increase in the CMJ performance was noted after the end of the 3 km run, which may indicate that the warm-up protocols used were insufficient to enhance subsequent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Ewertowska
- Chair of Health and Biological Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Świtała
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grzyb
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert Urbański
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Aschenbrenner
- Department of Biomechanics and Sports Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72A Str., 40-065, Katowice, Poland.
- Department of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Valcarce-Merayo E, Latella C. Precompetition Strategies to Improve Performance in Endurance or Repeated Intermittent Activity: Evidence and Practical Suggestions. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Acute Neuromuscular, Physiological and Performance Responses After Strength Training in Runners: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:105. [PMID: 35976540 PMCID: PMC9385928 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00497-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Strength training (ST) is commonly used to improve muscle strength, power, and neuromuscular adaptations and is recommended combined with runner training. It is possible that the acute effects of the strength training session lead to deleterious effects in the subsequent running. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to verify the acute effects of ST session on the neuromuscular, physiological and performance variables of runners.
Methods Studies evaluating running performance after resistance exercise in runners in the PubMed and Scopus databases were selected. From 6532 initial references, 19 were selected for qualitative analysis and 13 for meta-analysis. The variables of peak torque (PT), creatine kinase (CK), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), countermovement jump (CMJ), ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), lactate (La) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated.
Results The methodological quality of the included studies was considered reasonable; the meta-analysis indicated that the variables PT (p = 0.003), DOMS (p < 0.0001), CK (p < 0.0001), RPE (p < 0.0001) had a deleterious effect for the experimental group; for CMJ, VE, VO2, La, FC there was no difference. By qualitative synthesis, running performance showed a reduction in speed for the experimental group in two studies and in all that assessed time to exhaustion.
Conclusion The evidence indicated that acute strength training was associated with a decrease in PT, increases in DOMS, CK, RPE and had a low impact on the acute responses of CMJ, VE, VO2, La, HR and submaximal running sessions.
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Alves RR, Viana RB, Silva MH, Guimarães TC, Vieira CA, Santos DDAT, Gentil PRV. Postactivation Potentiation Improves Performance in a Resistance Training Session in Trained Men. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:3296-3299. [PMID: 31567790 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Alves, RR, Viana, RB, Silva, MH, Guimarães, TC, Vieira, CA, Santos, DdAT, and Gentil, PRV. Postactivation potentiation improves performance in a resistance training session in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3296-3299, 2021-This study aims to analyze the influence of postactivation potentiation (PAP) on performance during a resistance training (RT) session in trained individuals. Fourteen trained men (25.0 ± 3.5 years; 89.9 ± 16.3 kg; 1.77 ± 0:08 m; 28.0 ± 4.0 kg·m-2; and 5 ± 4 years of RT experience) were tested in 2 situations: with PAP and without PAP (CON). Both situations involved 3 sets of the bench press exercise performed to muscle failure at 75% of the 1 repetition maximum load and with 1.5-minute interval between sets. Total work was greater (p < 0.001) for PAP (1,601 ± 504 kg) than for CON (1,379 ± 364 kg). The number of repetitions performed in the first and second sets of PAP (11.5 ± 3.1 and 6.5 ± 1.9, respectively) were greater (p < 0.05) than those performed in CON (10.4 ± 2.7, 5.5 ± 1.8, respectively). No significant difference was found in the number of repetitions in the last set between the situations. The present study suggests that PAP might be beneficial to improve total work and performance during multiple sets of RT in trained men. Therefore, PAP might be used during RT to promote higher total work and potentially increase results over long term. Thus, the protocol can use in sports centers, fitness centers, and gyms per coaches and athletes to increase performance and total work in trained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R Alves
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil ; and
| | - Ricardo B Viana
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil ; and
| | - Marcelo H Silva
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil ; and
| | - Thaynã C Guimarães
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil ; and
| | - Carlos A Vieira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil ; and
| | - Douglas de A T Santos
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil ; and
- College of Physical Education, State University of Bahia, Teixeira de Freitas, Brazil
| | - Paulo R V Gentil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil ; and
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Boullosa D, Abad CCC, Reis VP, Fernandes V, Castilho C, Candido L, Zagatto AM, Pereira LA, Loturco I. Effects of Drop Jumps on 1000-m Performance Time and Pacing in Elite Male and Female Endurance Runners. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:1043-1046. [PMID: 32176865 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of drop jumps (DJs) on performance time and pacing in a field test (ie, 1000 m) commonly used to evaluate endurance runners and to evaluate running and jumping performance in male and female athletes separately. METHODS Twenty elite endurance runners (male, n = 10, 27.8 [7.0] y, 62.3 [5.2] kg; female, n = 10, 25.9 [5.3] y, 51.7 [4.1] kg) competing in middle- and long-distance events participated in this study. After determination of the box height associated with the best reactive strength index, athletes randomly performed a warm-up with or without the inclusion of 5 DJs with the highest reactive strength index prior to a 1000-m track test. Performance time and pacing (250-m splits) were determined. Countermovement-jump heights at different time points and blood lactate concentration after running tests were also recorded. RESULTS A "possible" faster 1000-m time (162.4 vs 165.3 s) with a "very likely" faster first split (38.8 vs 40.3 s) was observed in male athletes in the DJ condition. In contrast, female athletes showed a "possible" slower running time (186.8 vs 184.8 s) and a "likely" greater blood lactate concentration after the 1000-m test in the DJ condition. Male and female athletes presented greater countermovement-jump performances after warm-up and running tests in both conditions. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of 5 DJs with the height associated with the best reactive strength index induced a "possible" improvement in 1000-m performance time in elite male endurance runners. The current protocol should be avoided in female athletes.
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Wei C, Yu L, Duncan B, Renfree A. A Plyometric Warm-Up Protocol Improves Running Economy in Recreational Endurance Athletes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:197. [PMID: 32226393 PMCID: PMC7080849 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the impact of two differing warm-up protocols (involving either resistance exercises or plyometric exercises) on running economy (RE) in healthy recreationally active participants. Twelve healthy university students [three males, nine females, age 20 ± 2 years, maximal oxygen uptake (38.4 ± 6.4 ml min–1 kg–1)] who performed less than 5 h per week of endurance exercise volunteered to participant in this study. All participants completed three different warm-up protocols (control, plyometric, and resistance warm-up) in a counterbalanced crossover design with trials separated by 48 h, using a Latin-square arrangement. Dependent variables measured in this study were RE at four running velocities (7, 8, 9, and 10 km h–1), maximal oxygen uptake; heart rate; respiratory exchange rate; expired ventilation; perceived race readiness; rating of perceived exertion, time to exhaustion and leg stiffness. The primary finding of this study was that the plyometric warm-up improved RE compared to the control warm-up (6.2% at 7 km h–1, ES = 0.355, 9.1% at 8 km h–1, ES = 0.513, 4.5% at 9 km h–1, ES = 0.346, and 4.4% at 10 km h–1, ES = 0.463). There was no statistically significant difference in VO2 between control and resistance warm-up conditions at any velocity. There were also no statistically significant differences between conditions in other metabolic and pulmonary gas exchange variables; time to exhaustion; perceived race readiness and maximal oxygen uptake. However, leg stiffness increased by 20% (P = 0.039, ES = 0.90) following the plyometric warm-up and was correlated with the improved RE at a velocity of 8 km h–1 (r = 0.475, P = 0.041). No significant differences in RE were found between the control and resistance warm-up protocols. In comparison with the control warm-up protocol, an acute plyometric warm-up protocol can improve RE in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChenGuang Wei
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Benedict Duncan
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Renfree
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
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Gil MH, Neiva HP, Garrido ND, Aidar FJ, Cirilo-Sousa MS, Marques MC, Marinho DA. The Effect of Ballistic Exercise as Pre-Activation for 100 m Sprints. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101850. [PMID: 31137756 PMCID: PMC6572263 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of warm-up in sports performance has received a special interest in the current literature. However, there is a large gap of knowledge about the tasks to be performed, specifically in the real competitive environment. The purpose of the study was to verify the acute effects of a warm-up including ballistic exercises in 100 m running performance. In addition, a second 100 m trial was assessed to better understand the warm-up effects in training and competition. Eleven men (25.4 ± 6.2 years of age, 1.76 ± 0.08 m of height, 78.2 ± 8.6 kg of body mass) were submitted to three different protocols, in a randomized order: no warm-up (NWU), typical warm-up (WU) and WU complemented with ballistic exercises (PAP). Biomechanical, physiological and psychophysiological variables were assessed. Differences were found between the three conditions assessed in the first 100 m sprint with 7.4% and 7.6% faster performances after the WU and PAP, compared to NWU. Stride length was higher in the second part of the 100 m after PAP compared with WU. These results highlight the positive effects of warm-up for sprinting performance. The inclusion of ballistic exercises, besides being used to improve sprint performance, can increase stride length in the final of the 100 m race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Gil
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Henrique P Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Nuno D Garrido
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
- Department of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Felipe J Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristovão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Master's level in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, São Cristovão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Doctorade and Master's level in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristovão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, the Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristovão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
| | - Maria S Cirilo-Sousa
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
- Department of Physical Education, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE 63105-010, Brazil.
| | - Mário C Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Daniel A Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
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