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Zanghellini B, Zechmann N, Baurecht D, Grünewald TA, Burghammer M, Liegl-Atzwanger B, Leithner A, Davydok A, Lichtenegger H. Multimodal analysis and comparison of stoichiometric and structural characteristics of parosteal and conventional osteosarcoma with massive sclerosis in human bone. J Struct Biol 2024:108106. [PMID: 38871094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant primary bone tumor in humans and occurs in various subtypes. Tumor formation happens through malignant osteoblasts producing immature bone. In the present paper we studied two different subtypes of osteosarcoma, from one individual with conventional OS with massive sclerosis and one individual with parosteal OS, based on a multimodal approach including small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXS), backscattered electron imaging (BEI) and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that both tumors showed reduced mineral particle sizes and degree of orientation of the collagen-mineral composite in the affected areas, alongside with a decreased crystallinity. Distinct differences between the tumor material from the two individuals were found in the degree of mineralization. Further differences were observed in the carbonate to phosphate ratio, which is related to the degree of carbonate substitution in bone mineral and indicative of the turnover rate. The contraction of the c-axis of the bone mineral crystals proved to be a further, very sensitive parameter, potentially indicative of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zanghellini
- Instiute of Physics and Material Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Zechmann
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Dieter Baurecht
- Instiute of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Tilman A Grünewald
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Anton Davydok
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- Instiute of Physics and Material Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria.
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Grünewald TA, Johannes A, Wittig NK, Palle J, Rack A, Burghammer M, Birkedal H. Bone mineral properties and 3D orientation of human lamellar bone around cement lines and the Haversian system. IUCRJ 2023; 10:189-198. [PMID: 36786504 PMCID: PMC9980387 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a complex, biological tissue made up primarily of collagen fibrils and biomineral nanoparticles. The importance of hierarchical organization in bone was realized early on, but the actual interplay between structural features and the properties on the nanostructural and crystallographic level is still a matter of intense discussion. Bone is the only mineralized tissue that can be remodeled and, at the start of the formation of new bone during this process, a structure called a cement line is formed on which regular bone grows. Here, the orientational relationship of nanostructural and crystallographic constituents as well as the structural properties of both nanostructural and crystallographic constituents around cement lines and the Haversian system in human lamellar bone are investigated. A combination of small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering tensor tomography is employed together with diffraction tomography and synchrotron computed tomography to generate a multi-modal image of the sample. This work shows that the mineral properties vary as a function of the distance to the Haversian canal and, importantly, shows that the cement line has differing mineral properties from the surrounding lamellar bone, in particular with respect to crystallite size and degree of orientation. Cement lines make up a significant portion of the bone matrix despite their small size, hence the reported findings on an altered mineral structure, together with the spatial modulation around the Haversian canal, have implications for the formation and mechanics of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman A. Grünewald
- The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs 71, Grenoble 38000, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille 13013, France
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
| | - Andreas Johannes
- The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs 71, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Nina K. Wittig
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Jonas Palle
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Alexander Rack
- The European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs 71, Grenoble 38000, France
| | | | - Henrik Birkedal
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 14, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
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Arnold EL, Keeble DS, Evans JPO, Greenwood C, Rogers KD. Investigating pair distribution function use in analysis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2022; 78:271-279. [PMID: 35510432 PMCID: PMC9069248 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229622003400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a complex material, which is often nanocrystalline when found within a biological setting. This work has directly compared the structural characteristics derived from data collected using a conventional laboratory-based X-ray diffractometer with those collected from a dedicated pair distribution function (PDF) beamline at Diamond Light Source. In particular, the application of PDF analysis methods to carbonated HA is evaluated. 20 synthetic samples were measured using both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and PDFs. Both Rietveld refinement (of laboratory XRD data) and real-space refinement (of PDF data) were used to analyse all samples. The results of Rietveld and real-space refinements were compared to evaluate their application to crystalline and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. Significant relationships were observed between real-space refinement parameters and increasing carbonate substitution. Understanding the local order of synthetic hydroxyapatite can benefit several fields, including both biomedical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Arnold
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Wiltshire, SN6 7LA, United Kingdom,Correspondence e-mail:
| | - Dean S. Keeble
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - J. P. O. Evans
- Imaging Science Group, Nottingham Trent University, Rosalind Franklin Building, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Charlene Greenwood
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Keith D. Rogers
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Wiltshire, SN6 7LA, United Kingdom
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Arnold EL, Keeble DS, Greenwood C, Rogers KD. New insights into the application of pair distribution function studies to biogenic and synthetic hydroxyapatites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19597. [PMID: 33177578 PMCID: PMC7659341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic and synthetic hydroxyapatites are confounding materials whose properties remain uncertain, even after years of study. Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis was applied to hydroxyapatites in the 1970's and 1980's, but this area of research has not taken full advantage of the relatively recent advances in synchrotron facilities. Here, synchrotron X-ray PDF analysis is compared to techniques commonly used to characterise hydroxyapatite (such as wide angle X-ray scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis) for a range of biogenic and synthetic hydroxyapatites with a wide range of carbonate substitution. Contributions to the pair distribution function from collagen, carbonate and finite crystallite size were examined through principal component analysis and comparison of PDFs. Noticeable contributions from collagen were observed in biogenic PDFs when compared to synthetic PDFs (namely r < 15 Å), consistent with simulated PDFs of collagen structures. Additionally, changes in local structure were observed for PDFs of synthetic hydroxyapatites with differing carbonate content, notably in features near 4 Å, 8 Å and 19 Å. Regression models were generated to predict carbonate substitution from peak position within the PDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Arnold
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, UK.
| | | | - Charlene Greenwood
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BJ, UK
| | - Keith D Rogers
- Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, UK
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Wang Z, Xia F, Labib M, Ahmadi M, Chen H, Das J, Ahmed SU, Angers S, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Nanostructured Architectures Promote the Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition for Invasive Cells. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5324-5336. [PMID: 32369335 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic modulation of cellular phenotypes between the epithelial and mesenchymal states-the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)-plays an important role in cancer progression. Nanoscale topography of culture substrates is known to affect the migration and EMT of cancer cells. However, existing platforms heavily rely on simple geometries such as grooved lines or cylindrical post arrays, which may oversimplify the complex interaction between cells and nanotopography in vivo. Here, we use electrodeposition to construct finely controlled surfaces with biomimetic fractal nanostructures as a means of examining the roles of nanotopography during the EMT/MET process. We found that nanostructures in the size range of 100 to 500 nm significantly promote MET for invasive breast and prostate cancer cells. The "METed" cells acquired distinct expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, displayed perturbed morphologies, and exhibited diminished migration and invasion, even after the removal of a nanotopographical stimulus. The phosphorylation of GSK-3 was decreased, which further tuned the expression of Snail and modulated the EMT/MET process. Our findings suggest that invasive cancer cells respond to the geometries and dimensions of complex nanostructured architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G4, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Moloud Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Haijie Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sharif U Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
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