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Umar M, Sastry KS, Al Ali F, Al-Khulaifi M, Wang E, Chouchane AI. Vitamin D and the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 31:74-86. [DOI: 10.1159/000485132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bhat M, Noolu B, Qadri SSYH, Ismail A. Vitamin D deficiency decreases adiposity in rats and causes altered expression of uncoupling proteins and steroid receptor coactivator3. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt B:304-12. [PMID: 25132457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D endocrine system is functional in the adipose tissue, as demonstrated in vitro, in cultured adipocytes, and in vivo in mutant mice that developed altered lipid metabolism and fat storage in the absence of either 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] or the vitamin D receptor. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of vitamin D and calcium on body adiposity in a diet-induced vitamin D deficient rat model. Vitamin D-deficient rats gained less weight and had lower amounts of visceral fat. Consistent with reduced adipose tissue mass, the vitamin D-deficient rats had low circulating levels of leptin, which reflects body fat stores. Expression of vitamin D and calcium sensing receptors, and that of genes involved in adipogenesis such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, fatty acid synthase and leptin were significantly reduced in white adipose tissue of deficient rats compared to vitamin D-sufficient rats. Furthermore, the expression of uncoupling proteins (Ucp1 and Ucp2) was elevated in the white adipose tissue of the deficient rat indicative of higher energy expenditure, thereby leading to a lean phenotype. Expression of the p160 steroid receptor coactivator3 (SRC3), a key regulator of adipogenesis in white adipose tissue was decreased in vitamin D-deficient state. Interestingly, most of the changes observed in vitamin D deficient rats were corrected by calcium supplementation alone. Our data demonstrates that dietary vitamin D and calcium regulate adipose tissue function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bindu Noolu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hyderabad, India
| | - Syed S Y H Qadri
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ayesha Ismail
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hyderabad, India.
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Tizaoui K, Kaabachi W, Ouled Salah M, Ben Amor A, Hamzaoui A, Hamzaoui K. Vitamin D receptor TaqI and ApaI polymorphisms: a comparative study in patients with Behçet's disease and Rheumatoid arthritis in Tunisian population. Cell Immunol 2014; 290:66-71. [PMID: 24880677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic surveys have identified vitamin D receptor (VDR) as a susceptibility gene for several autoimmune diseases. This study was designed to investigate the association of VDR gene polymorphisms with Behçet's disease (BD) and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A case-control study including 151 BD, 106 RA patients and an appropriate number of healthy control subjects were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Association between TaqI polymorphism and BD was marginal under codominant and recessive models (P=0.078 and P=0.058, respectively). After stratification, we found evidence for a significant association between TaqI polymorphism and BD in the elderly subjects (P=0.037). The minor ApaI a allele tended to confer an increased risk for BD susceptibility (P=0.087). BD patients with VDR homozygous AA or aa genotypes were at increased risk for development of erythema nodosum (EN) skin manifestation (P=0.038). No significant association was observed for VDR ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms with RA risk (P>0.05). TaqI and ApaI polymorphisms might be modestly implicated in BD pathogenesis. They could be considered as potential biomarkers in BD rather than susceptibility genes. However, TaqI and ApaI seemed not to be implicated in RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalthoum Tizaoui
- Tunis El Manar University, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Division of Histology and Immunology, Department of Basic Sciences, 15 Rue Djebel Lakdar, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Wajih Kaabachi
- Tunis El Manar University, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Division of Histology and Immunology, Department of Basic Sciences, 15 Rue Djebel Lakdar, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Ouled Salah
- Tunis El Manar University, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Division of Histology and Immunology, Department of Basic Sciences, 15 Rue Djebel Lakdar, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Ben Amor
- Tunis El Manar University, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Division of Histology and Immunology, Department of Basic Sciences, 15 Rue Djebel Lakdar, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Agnès Hamzaoui
- Tunis El Manar University, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Division of Histology and Immunology, Department of Basic Sciences, 15 Rue Djebel Lakdar, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia; Abdurrahman Mami Hospital, Pneumology Service and Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Hamzaoui
- Tunis El Manar University, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, Division of Histology and Immunology, Department of Basic Sciences, 15 Rue Djebel Lakdar, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
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Mahajan MA, Stanley FM. Insulin-activated Elk-1 recruits the TIP60/NuA4 complex to increase prolactin gene transcription. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:159-169. [PMID: 24075908 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin increases prolactin gene expression in GH4 cells through phosphorylation of Elk-1 (Jacob and Stanley, 2001). We preformed a reverse two-hybrid screen using Elk-1-B42 as bait to identify proteins from GH4 cells that might serve as co-activators or co-repressors for insulin-increased prolactin gene expression. A number of the components of the TIP60/NuA4 complex interacted with Elk-1 suggesting that Elk-1 might activate transcription by recruiting the TIP60 chromatin-remodeling complex to the prolactin promoter. Inhibition of insulin-increased prolactin-luciferase expression by wild type and mutant adenovirus E1A protein provided physiological context for these yeast studies. Inhibition of histone deacetylases dramatically increased both basal and insulin-increased prolactin gene transcription. Co-immune precipitation experiments demonstrated Elk-1 and TIP60 associate in vitro. Transient or stable expression of TIP60 activated insulin-increased prolactin gene expression while a mutated TIP60 blocked insulin-increased prolactin gene expression. Analysis of the prolactin mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR showed that insulin-increased prolactin mRNA accumulation and that this was inhibited in GH4 cells that stably expressed mutant TIP60. Finally, ChIP experiments demonstrate the insulin-dependent occupancy of the prolactin promoter by Elk-1 and TIP60. Our studies suggest that insulin activates prolactin gene transcription by activating Elk-1 that recruits the NuA4 complex to the promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muktar A Mahajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Frederick M Stanley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States; NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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Moukayed M, Grant WB. Molecular link between vitamin D and cancer prevention. Nutrients 2013; 5:3993-4021. [PMID: 24084056 PMCID: PMC3820056 DOI: 10.3390/nu5103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (also known as calcitriol), is a biologically active molecule required to maintain the physiological functions of several target tissues in the human body from conception to adulthood. Its molecular mode of action ranges from immediate nongenomic responses to longer term mechanisms that exert persistent genomic effects. The genomic mechanisms of vitamin D action rely on cross talk between 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ signaling pathways and that of other growth factors or hormones that collectively regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate a role for vitamin D (calcitriol) in modulating cellular growth and development. Vitamin D (calcitriol) acts as an antiproliferative agent in many tissues and significantly slows malignant cellular growth. Moreover, epidemiological studies have suggested that ultraviolet-B exposure can help reduce cancer risk and prevalence, indicating a potential role for vitamin D as a feasible agent to prevent cancer incidence and recurrence. With the preventive potential of this biologically active agent, we suggest that countries where cancer is on the rise--yet where sunlight and, hence, vitamin D may be easily acquired--adopt awareness, education and implementation strategies to increase supplementation with vitamin D in all age groups as a preventive measure to reduce cancer risk and prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meis Moukayed
- School of Arts and Sciences, American University in Dubai, P. O. Box 28282, Dubai, UAE; E-Mail:
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
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Luderer HF, Gori F, Demay MB. Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1) interacts with the DNA-binding domain of the vitamin D receptor. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:18444-51. [PMID: 21471213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.188219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-independent actions of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are required for normal post-morphogenic hair cycles; however, the molecular mechanisms by which the VDR exerts these actions are not clear. Previous studies demonstrated impaired regulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in primary keratinocytes lacking the VDR. To identify the key effector of canonical Wnt signaling that interacts with the VDR, GST pulldown studies were performed. A novel interaction between the VDR and LEF1 (lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1) that is independent of β-catenin was identified. This interaction is dependent upon sequences within the N-terminal region of the VDR, a domain required for VDR-DNA interactions and normal hair cycling in mice. Mutation of specific residues within the N-terminal region of the VDR not only abrogated interactions between the VDR and LEF1 but also impaired the ability of the VDR to enhance Wnt signaling in vdr(-/-) primary keratinocytes. Thus, this study demonstrates a novel interaction between the VDR and LEF1 that is mediated by the DNA-binding domain of the VDR and that is required for normal canonical Wnt signaling in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary F Luderer
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Schauber J, Gallo RL. The vitamin D pathway: a new target for control of the skin's immune response? Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:633-9. [PMID: 18573153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The surface of our skin is constantly challenged by a wide variety of microbial pathogens, still cutaneous infections are relatively rare. Within cutaneous innate immunity the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a primary system for protection against infection. Many AMPs can be found on the skin, and these include molecules that were discovered for their antimicrobial properties, and other peptides and proteins first known for activity as chemokines, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors and neuropeptides. Cathelicidins were among the first families of AMPs discovered on the skin. They are now known to have two distinct functions; they have direct antimicrobial activity and will initiate a host cellular response resulting in cytokine release, inflammation and angiogenesis. Dysfunction of cathelicidin is relevant in the pathogenesis of several cutaneous diseases including atopic dermatitis where cathelicidin induction is suppressed, rosacea, where cathelicidin peptides are abnormally processed to forms that induce cutaneous inflammation and a vascular response, and psoriasis, where a cathelicidin peptide can convert self-DNA to a potent stimulus of an autoinflammatory cascade. Recent work has unexpectedly identified vitamin D3 as a major factor involved in the regulation of cathelicidin expression. Therapies targeting the vitamin D3 pathway and thereby cathelicidin may provide new treatment modalities in the management of infectious and inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Schauber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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Antimicrobial peptides and the skin immune defense system. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:261-6. [PMID: 18439663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our skin is constantly challenged by microbes but is rarely infected. Cutaneous production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a primary system for protection, and expression of some AMPs further increases in response to microbial invasion. Cathelicidins are unique AMPs that protect the skin through 2 distinct pathways: (1) direct antimicrobial activity and (2) initiation of a host response resulting in cytokine release, inflammation, angiogenesis, and reepithelialization. Cathelicidin dysfunction emerges as a central factor in the pathogenesis of several cutaneous diseases, including atopic dermatitis, in which cathelicidin is suppressed; rosacea, in which cathelicidin peptides are abnormally processed to forms that induce inflammation; and psoriasis, in which cathelicidin peptide converts self-DNA to a potent stimulus in an autoinflammatory cascade. Recent work identified vitamin D3 as a major factor involved in the regulation of cathelicidin. Therapies targeting control of cathelicidin and other AMPs might provide new approaches in the management of infectious and inflammatory skin diseases.
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Bollag WB. Differentiation of Human Keratinocytes Requires the Vitamin D Receptor and Its Coactivators. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:748-50. [PMID: 17363957 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 exerts its effects by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which regulates transcription of target genes by recruiting various coactivators. Bikle and colleagues examined the role of several coactivators in human epidermal keratinocytes and found that, although these coactivators differentially associate with the VDR in proliferating versus differentiating keratinocytes, each is required for both early and late differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy B Bollag
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
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Hawker NP, Pennypacker SD, Chang SM, Bikle DD. Regulation of human epidermal keratinocyte differentiation by the vitamin D receptor and its coactivators DRIP205, SRC2, and SRC3. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 127:874-80. [PMID: 17082781 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3), stimulates differentiation and inhibits proliferation in epidermal keratinocytes through interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR functions through the coordinate binding of vitamin D response elements in the DNA and specific coactivator proteins which help to initiate transcription. It was recently observed that VDR binds to two major coactivator complexes, DRIP (VDR-interacting protein) and SRC (steroid receptor coactivator), during keratinocyte differentiation. To determine the role of VDR and its coactivators in mediating keratinocyte differentiation, we developed an adenoviral system to knock down, or in the case of VDR, overexpress these genes. In order to study all stages of keratinocyte development, we employed an advanced differentiated normal human keratinocyte culture system that produces a multilayer phenotype similar to that of normal skin. These studies have shown that VDR, DRIP, and SRC are all required for promotion of both early and late keratinocyte differentiation. Additionally, each individual differentiation marker that was assayed has a different specificity for the coactivators that regulate its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P Hawker
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, University of California and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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Gidley J, Openshaw S, Pring ET, Sale S, Mansell JP. Lysophosphatidic acid cooperates with 1α,25(OH)2D3 in stimulating human MG63 osteoblast maturation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2006; 80:46-61. [PMID: 16846786 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast maturation is partly controlled by the interaction of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) (D3), an active metabolite of Vitamin D, with other growth factors. The first reports describing the in vitro effect of D3 on human osteoblast differentiation performed experiments in the presence of serum. One potentially exciting candidate that might help explain the D3 responses observed for osteoblasts cultured with serum is lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Drawn to the possibility that D3 and serum borne LPA might interact to induce osteoblast maturation we co-treated human cells with D3 and serum in the presence of Ki16425, an LPA receptor antagonist. Ki16425 inhibited osteoblast maturation as determined by markedly reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression. We subsequently found that LPA and D3 acted synergistically in generating mature osteoblasts and that this differentiation response could be inhibited using pertussis toxin, implying an important role of Galphai signal transduction. Furthermore, we found evidence for a dependency on both mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and Rho associated coiled kinase (ROCK) for LPA and D3 stimulated maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gidley
- Department of Oral & Dental Science, University of Bristol Dental School, Lower Maudlin St., Bristol BS 2LY, UK
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