1
|
Ji M, Fu X, Huang D, Wu R, Jiang Y, Huang Q. Effect of tamoxifen in patients with thin endometrium who underwent frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: a retrospective study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1195181. [PMID: 37727458 PMCID: PMC10505727 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1195181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thin endometrium leads to an impaired implantation rate. The aim of the study is to compare the clinical outcomes of tamoxifen (TAM) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) used in patients with thin endometrium (<7mm) in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET)cycles. Methods A total of 176 FET cycles with thin endometrium were retrospectively analyzed in our center from Jan 2020 to May 2022. According to patients' own will, 112 patients were allocated to the HRT group and 64 patients chose the TAM protocol. Clinical outcomes were compared between two groups. Result The duration of treatment was shorter in the TAM group(12.03±2.34d) than the HRT group (16.07±2.52 d), which was statistically different (p<0.05). The endometrial thickness on the transfer day of the TAM group (7.32±1.28 mm) was significantly thicker than that of the HRT group (6.85±0.89mm, p<0.05). The clinical pregnancy rate of the TAM group (50.0%) was higher than that of the HRT group (36.6%), but there was no significant difference (p >0.05). The early miscarriage rate was significantly lower in the TAM group compared with the HRT group (5.9% Vs 26.8%, adjusted OR 0.10, p<0.05), while the live birth rate was higher in the TAM group (46.9% Vs 26.8%, adjusted OR 2.24, p<0.05) compared with the HRT group. Conclusion For patients with thin endometrium, TAM effectively improved the endometrial thickness and increased the live birth rate. TAM can be used as an alternative protocol for patients with thin endometrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Ji
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Fu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danni Huang
- Department of Gynaecology, Tongxiang First People’s Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruifang Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunqing Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiongxiao Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Janacova L, Stenckova M, Lapcik P, Hrachovinova S, Bouchalova P, Potesil D, Hrstka R, Müller P, Bouchal P. Catechol-O-methyl transferase suppresses cell invasion and interplays with MET signaling in estrogen dependent breast cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1285. [PMID: 36690660 PMCID: PMC9870911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) is involved in detoxification of catechol estrogens, playing cancer-protective role in cells producing or utilizing estrogen. Moreover, COMT suppressed migration potential of breast cancer (BC) cells. To delineate COMT role in metastasis of estrogen receptor (ER) dependent BC, we investigated the effect of COMT overexpression on invasion, transcriptome, proteome and interactome of MCF7 cells, a luminal A BC model, stably transduced with lentiviral vector carrying COMT gene (MCF7-COMT). 2D and 3D assays revealed that COMT overexpression associates with decreased cell invasion (p < 0.0001 for Transwell assay, p < 0.05 for spheroid formation). RNA-Seq and LC-DIA-MS/MS proteomics identified genes associated with invasion (FTO, PIR, TACSTD2, ANXA3, KRT80, S100P, PREX1, CLEC3A, LCP1) being downregulated in MCF7-COMT cells, while genes associated with less aggressive phenotype (RBPMS, ROBO2, SELENBP, EPB41L2) were upregulated both at transcript (|log2FC|> 1, adj. p < 0.05) and protein (|log2FC|> 0.58, q < 0.05) levels. Importantly, proteins driving MET signaling were less abundant in COMT overexpressing cells, and pull-down confirmed interaction between COMT and Kunitz-type protease inhibitor 2 (SPINT2), a negative regulator of MET (log2FC = 5.10, q = 1.04-7). In conclusion, COMT may act as tumor suppressor in ER dependent BC not only by detoxification of catechol estrogens but also by suppressing cell invasion and interplay with MET pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Janacova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Stenckova
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Lapcik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Hrachovinova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bouchalova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potesil
- Proteomics Core Facility, Central European Institute for Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hrstka
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Müller
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bouchal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hao Z, Xu J, Zhao H, Zhou W, Liu Z, He S, Yin X, Zhang B, Wang Z, Zhou X. The inhibition of tamoxifen on UGT2B gene expression and enzyme activity in rat liver contribute to the estrogen homeostasis dysregulation. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:33. [PMID: 35642027 PMCID: PMC9158366 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tamoxifen treatment may induce dysregulation of estrogen homeostasis, leading to the occurrence of related adverse reactions. However, the potential mechanisms are still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to uncover whether tamoxifen treatment would act on estrogen metabolism-related biological enzymes and the regulatory effect on estrogen homeostasis to clarify the key factors and potential mechanisms of adverse reactions caused by long-term use of tamoxifen. Method Female SD rats were administrated with tamoxifen CMC-Na solution (p.o.) once daily for four weeks and then housed at room temperature. Serum, breast, liver, uterus, and ovarian tissues were obtained, and the effects of tamoxifen administration on estrogen homeostasis, the expression, and activity of estrogen metabolic enzyme were evaluated. Results Compared with the control group, the estrogen homeostasis was disturbed and the expression and activity of UGT2B1 (homology with human UGT2B7) were significantly reduced in the rats administrated with tamoxifen. The inhibitory effect of tamoxifen on UGT2B7 was dominated by hydrophobic and π-π stacking interactions, resulting in a concentration-dependent inhibition of UGT2B7 activity by tamoxifen and the imbalance of ligand-activated transcription factors, leading to abnormal regulation of UGT2B and disturbance of estrogen homeostasis, which in turn led to adverse reactions of tamoxifen. Conclusion We established links between estrogen metabolism and tamoxifen administration and we proposed that the UGT2B inhibition was involved in the disturbance of estrogen homeostasis and the occurrence of tamoxifen-related adverse reactions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00574-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou First People's hospital, 221000, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shiqing He
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhongjian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deng X, Xie B, Li Q, Xiao Y, Hu Z, Deng X, Fang P, Dong C, Zhou HB, Huang J. Discovery of Novel Bicyclic Phenylselenyl-Containing Hybrids: An Orally Bioavailable, Potential, and Multiacting Class of Estrogen Receptor Modulators against Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7993-8010. [PMID: 35611405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a multifactorial disease and is prone to drug resistance during treatment. In this study, we described a new class of multifunctional estrogen receptor (ER) modulators ground on a prerogative indirect antagonism skeleton (OBHS, oxabicycloheptene sulfonate) of ER containing a phenylselenyl group. Compound 34b showed significant antiproliferative activities against tamoxifen-sensitive (MCF-7) and -resistant (LCC2) cells. Moreover, hexokinase 1 (HK1) was identified as a direct target of 34b. Further mechanism investigations proved that 34b induced apoptosis, which was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the synergistic effects of downregulating mitochondrial-bound HK1 protein and promoting reactive oxygen species generation. In vivo, 34b had a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with a bioavailability of 23.20% and exhibited more potent tumor suppression than tamoxifen both in MCF-7 and LCC2 tumor xenograft models. Collectively, our studies showed that 34b is a promising new multifunctional candidate compound for ERα+ BC treatment, particularly for tamoxifen-resistant BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Baohua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiuzi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhiye Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaofei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Pingping Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chune Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hassan E, Allam S, Mansour AM, Shaheen A, Salama SA. The potential protective effects of estradiol and 2-methoxyestradiol in ischemia reperfusion-induced kidney injury in ovariectomized female rats. Life Sci 2022; 296:120441. [PMID: 35240160 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Investigating the impact of 17β estradiol (E2) and its endogenous non-hormonal metabolite 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME) on renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) induced kidney injury in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and the role of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in their effects. MAIN METHODS Eighty female rats were allocated into eight groups. Control group, Sham group, OVX group, OVX and RIR group, OVX + RIR + E2 group, OVX + RIR + 2ME group, OVX + RIR + E2 + Entacapone group and OVX + RIR + 2ME + Entacapone group, respectively. Twenty-four hours post RIR, creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined in serum, while malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as the expressions of COMT, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were assessed in the kidney tissues. KEY FINDINGS Serum Cr, BUN, MPO, as well as HIF-1α and TH expressions were significantly higher with concomitant decrease in COMT expression, SOD and CAT activities and GSH content observed in OVX and RIR group compared to sham group. E2 and 2ME treatment significantly ameliorated all parameters measured in OVX and RIR rats. On the other hand, Entacapone significantly decreased the effect of E2, with no effect on 2ME treatment. SIGNIFICANCE E2 ameliorates RIR-induced kidney injury and this effect is mediated, at least in part, via its COMT-mediated conversion to 2ME. Thus, 2ME by the virtue of its pleiotropic pharmacological effects can be used as a safe and effective treatment of RIR injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shady Allam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salama A Salama
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sethi S, Bhatia S, Kamboj S, Rana V. Exploring the feasibility of carbamoylethyl pullulan-g-palmitic acid polymeric micelles for the effective targeting of raloxifene to breast tumor: Optimization and preclinical evaluation. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120720. [PMID: 34019973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbamoylethyl pullulan-grafted palmitic acid (CP-g-PA), a novel self-assembled polymer was synthesized and examined for its efficacy in delivering the raloxifene (RA) to mammary carcinoma. The synthesized CP-g-PA was confirmed by evaluating through various spectral and morphological attributes. Further, the central composite design-response surface methodology with two factors at three levels was utilized to obtain the optimized and stable polymeric micelles. The optimized formulation was subjected to in vitro and in vivo evaluation. RA loaded polymeric micelles (RA-PMs) were spherical in shape with particle size less than 100 nm and high entrapment efficiency (77.02%). The developed formulation exhibited pH-dependent release profile of RA when loaded in polymeric micelles and provides substantial compatibility to erythrocytes. In vivo pharmacokinetic study demonstrates that RA-PMs offers higher mean residence time and volume of distribution as compared to pure RA. Besides, the biodistribution study manifested enhanced drug concentration in tumor and decreased concentration in other tissue as compared to pure drug. The treatment with RA-PMs also increases the median survival time, tumor inhibition rate and % increase in life span of the tumor bearing rats. Overall, the results pointed towards the overwhelming response of RA when loaded into micelles made from CP-g-PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheshank Sethi
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Sachin Bhatia
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | | | - Vikas Rana
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The short-term effects of estradiol, raloxifene, and a phytoestrogen in women with perimenopausal depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:369-383. [PMID: 33470755 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the short-term efficacies of three estrogen-like compounds under placebo-controlled conditions in women with perimenopause-related depression (PMD). METHODS Women with PMD were randomized in a double-blind parallel design to one of four treatments: transdermal 17-beta estradiol (TE) (100 mcg/d); oral raloxifene (60 mg/d); a proprietary phytoestrogen compound, Rimostil (1,000 mg twice/d); or placebo for 8 weeks. The main outcome measures were the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale, 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and the Beck Depression Inventory completed at each clinic visit. Secondary outcomes included a visual analogue self-rating completed at each clinic visit, and daily self-ratings of hot flush severity. Cognitive tests were performed at pretreatment baseline and at the end of the trial. In the primary analysis, we obtained four repeated measures in each woman in the four treatment arms. Analyses were done with SAS Version 9.4 software (SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC), using PROC MIXED (for mixed models). All models included the following four explanatory variables, regardless of whether they were statistically significant: 1) treatment group (TE, raloxifene, Rimostil, placebo); 2) week (W2, W4, W6, W8); 3) treatment group-by-week interaction; and 4) baseline value of the measure being analyzed. The inclusion of additional variables was evaluated individually for each outcome measure. RESULTS Sixty-six women were randomized into the trial, four women dropped out of the trial, and 62 women were included in the final data analysis. No effect of treatment group was observed in either the Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale (P = 0.34) or Beck Depression Inventory (P = 0.27) scores; however, there was a difference in HRSD scores between treatment groups (P = 0.0037) that pair-wise comparisons of the combined weekly scores in each treatment demonstrated TE's beneficial effects on HRSD scores compared with Rimostil (P = 0.0005), and less consistently with placebo (P = 0.099). The average (SD) of the baseline scores for each treatment group on the HRSD was as follows: TE-15.3 (4.5), raloxifene-16.0 (3.7), Rimostil-14.0 (2.7), and placebo-15.2 (3.0). Whereas the HRSD scores after 8 weeks of treatment (least-square means) were TE-5.2(1.1), raloxifene-5.8(1.2), Rimostil-11.2(1.4), and placebo-7.8(1.1). No differences were observed between raloxifene and either TE or placebo in any scale score. HRSD scores in women assigned to TE were improved compared with those on Rimostil during weeks 6 and 8 (P values = 0.0008, 0.0011, respectively). Cognitive testing at week 8 showed that none of the three active treatment groups performed better than placebo. CONCLUSIONS This study did not identify significant therapeutic benefits of TE, Rimostil, or raloxifene compared with placebo in PMD. However, improvements in depression ratings were observed between TE compared with Rimostil. Thus, our findings do not support the role of ERbeta compounds in the treatment of PMD (and indeed could suggest a more important role of ERalpha).
Collapse
|
8
|
Carneiro ALB, Spadella APC, de Souza FA, Alves KBF, de Araujo-Neto JT, Haidar MA, Dardes RDCDM. Effects of Raloxifene Combined with Low-dose Conjugated Estrogen on the Endometrium in Menopausal Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e2380. [PMID: 33503193 PMCID: PMC7798121 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of low-dose conjugated estrogen (CE), raloxifene, and the combination thereof on the endometrium of postmenopausal women. METHODS Postmenopausal women between 45 and 60 years of age, with Gail score≥1.67 and no endometrial disorders, were randomly assigned to receive low-dose CE (0.3 mg), raloxifene (60 mg), or combined therapy for 1 year. Transvaginal ultrasound was performed at baseline and every 3 months; the Kupperman Index was assessed at baseline and every 6 months. Endometrial biopsies were performed if endometrial thickness (ET) was ≥5 mm or if vaginal bleeding occurred. The primary outcome was the occurrence of ET≥5 mm over the one-year period. RESULTS Seventy-three women were randomly assigned and analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis. Eight, three, and four women in the CE, raloxifene, and combination groups, respectively, exhibited ET≥5 mm. No genital bleeding was reported in the combination group. Endometrial biopsy revealed atrophy or polyps in all groups, with one patient in the CE group exhibiting a proliferative endometrium without atypia. At 6 months, there was a progressive increase in mean ET in the CE group, but not in the other two groups, with statistically significant differences at 6, 9, and 12 months. Mean scores for vasomotor symptoms and Kupperman Index favored the CE and combination groups over raloxifene. CONCLUSION Combined raloxifene and low-dose CE decreased the severity of menopausal symptoms to a similar extent as CE alone and had similar effects as raloxifene alone on the endometrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lucia Bastos Carneiro
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Ana Paula Curi Spadella
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Fabiola Amaral de Souza
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Karen Borelli Ferreira Alves
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Joaquim Teodoro de Araujo-Neto
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Mauro Abi Haidar
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Rita de Cássia de Maio Dardes
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The effects of alone and combination tamoxifen, raloxifene and estrogen on lipid profile and atherogenic index of ovariectomized type 2 diabetic rats. Life Sci 2020; 263:118573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
10
|
Hu Z, Li Y, Xie B, Ning W, Xiao Y, Huang Y, Zhao C, Huang J, Dong C, Zhou HB. Novel class of 7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene sulfonamides with long alkyl chains displaying improved estrogen receptor α degradation activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Mohajeri M, Martín-Jiménez C, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Effects of estrogens and androgens on mitochondria under normal and pathological conditions. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 176:54-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
12
|
Peng C, Li Z, Gao H, Zou X, Wang X, Zhou C, Niu J. Synchronous primary sigmoid colon cancer and primary thyroid cancer followed by a malignant tumor of the kidney: Case report of multiple primary cancer and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2479-2484. [PMID: 30719116 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple primary cancer (MPC) is relatively rare. With the development of diagnostic and anti-cancer therapeutic techniques, the incidence of MPC is rising annually. However, the incidence of triple or quadruple cancers in a single patient remains low. In this report, the case of a 58-year-old male with triple malignant cancer is outlined. Synchronous sigmoid colon cancer and thyroid cancer were diagnosed in May 2015; on subsequent re-examination, metastasis to the liver and a malignant kidney tumor were also identified. The diagnosis was established via computed tomography (CT), Positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) and other laboratory examination results, including analysis of tumor markers and liver function, and was confirmed by pathological diagnosis. The patient underwent radical surgery and standardized chemotherapy. Through literature review, the definition, characteristics, classification, incidence, possible causes of and treatment strategies for MPC were more clearly understood. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of integrin αvβ6 was performed on patient tissue specimens, where integrin αvβ6 expression was confirmed in cancer of the colon, thyroid and liver, as a result of colonic metastasis. Therefore, the involvement of integrin αvβ6 in the malignant progression of MPC was hypothesized, which may aid the investigation of MPC etiology in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,The Institute of Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,The Institute of Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Huijie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,The Institute of Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xueqing Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,The Institute of Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Changkuo Zhou
- Department of Urology Surgery, Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jun Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,The Institute of Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Atiomo W, Shafiee MN, Chapman C, Metzler VM, Abouzeid J, Latif A, Chadwick A, Kitson S, Sivalingam VN, Stratford IJ, Rutland CS, Persson JL, Ødum N, Fuentes‐Utrilla P, Jeyapalan JN, Heery DM, Crosbie EJ, Mongan NP. Expression of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) is increased in the endometrium of women with endometrial cancer and women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 87:557-565. [PMID: 28748640 PMCID: PMC5697576 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with a prior history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of endometrial cancer (EC). AIM To investigate whether the endometrium of women with PCOS possesses gene expression changes similar to those found in EC. DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with EC, PCOS and control women unaffected by either PCOS or EC were recruited into a cross-sectional study at the Nottingham University Hospital, UK. For RNA sequencing, representative individual endometrial biopsies were obtained from women with EC, PCOS and a woman unaffected by PCOS or EC. Expression of a subset of differentially expressed genes identified by RNA sequencing, including NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), was validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR validation (n = 76) and in the cancer genome atlas UCEC (uterine corpus endometrioid carcinoma) RNA sequencing data set (n = 381). The expression of NQO1 was validated by immunohistochemistry in EC samples from a separate cohort (n = 91) comprised of consecutive patients who underwent hysterectomy at St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, between 2011 and 2013. A further 6 postmenopausal women with histologically normal endometrium who underwent hysterectomy for genital prolapse were also included. Informed consent and local ethics approval were obtained for the study. RESULTS We show for the first that NQO1 expression is significantly increased in the endometrium of women with PCOS and EC. Immunohistochemistry confirms significantly increased NQO1 protein expression in EC relative to nonmalignant endometrial tissue (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The results obtained here support a previously unrecognized molecular link between PCOS and EC involving NQO1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Atiomo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesDivision of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Child HealthSchool of MedicineQueen's Medical CentreNottingham University HospitalNottinghamUK
| | - Mohamad Nasir Shafiee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesDivision of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Child HealthSchool of MedicineQueen's Medical CentreNottingham University HospitalNottinghamUK
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment Obstetrics and GynaecologyUKM Medical CentreCherasKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Caroline Chapman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesDivision of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Child HealthSchool of MedicineQueen's Medical CentreNottingham University HospitalNottinghamUK
| | - Veronika M. Metzler
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Jad Abouzeid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Ayşe Latif
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthDivision of Pharmacy and OptometrySchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Amy Chadwick
- Faculty of BiologyDivision of Molecular & Clinical Cancer SciencesMedicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Sarah Kitson
- Faculty of BiologyDivision of Molecular & Clinical Cancer SciencesMedicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
- Manchester School of PharmacyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Vanitha N. Sivalingam
- Faculty of BiologyDivision of Molecular & Clinical Cancer SciencesMedicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
- Manchester School of PharmacyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ian J. Stratford
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthDivision of Pharmacy and OptometrySchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Jenny L. Persson
- Clinical Research CenterLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Department of Molecular BologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of CopenhagenKobenhavnDenmark
| | | | - Jennie N. Jeyapalan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | - Emma J. Crosbie
- Faculty of BiologyDivision of Molecular & Clinical Cancer SciencesMedicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
- Manchester School of PharmacyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Department of PharmacologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Abstract
Nowadays, the risk of developing second primary cancers among women diagnosed with prior breast cancer represents a public health issue worldwide.Twenty-eight cases of the primary breast cancer with the multiple primary cancers (MPC) between 2008 and 2015 at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed in regards to age of patients, family history, interval time of the 2 cancers, and survival time of these patients.A total 28 cases were analyzed, at the mean age of 44.57 years at the diagnosis of the first primary cancer. The most common primary cancer in these breast cancer patients was contralateral breast cancer. Of 28 patients with breast cancer, 16 developed a second malignant tumor of the opposite breast, there were no significant difference both median age at first breast cancer and second breast cancer (P > .05). The difference of interval time of 2 cancers also had no statistical significance. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival between the bilateral primary breast cancers (BPBC) group and the group of breast cancer patients who diagnosed with another cancer (P > .05). If we grouped patients age of diagnosed with the first cancer (<45, ≥45 years), no statistical different between 2 groups (P > .05). However, the survival time with positive-node patients was lower than in patients with node-negative, the difference had a notable significant difference (P < .01). And there are 3 cases had a positive family history for malignant tumor in the form of first-degree relative.Multiple primary carcinoma in patients with prior breast cancer is not the influencing factor of prognosis. It is crucial to detect, diagnose, and treat cancers at their early stage for improving the cure rate of cancer and the survival rate of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YiHui Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| | - ChunHui Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
- Department of Oncology, The Ninth Hospital of Xi’an, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ke H, Jiang J, Xia M, Tang R, Qin Y, Chen ZJ. The Effect of Tamoxifen on Thin Endometrium in Patients Undergoing Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:861-866. [PMID: 28345485 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117698580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen has played a vital role in endocrine therapy for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. We examined the effect of tamoxifen in patients with a thin endometrium in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles and compared the improvement in endometrial thickness (EMT) and pregnancy outcomes stratified by different etiologies of thin endometrium. A total of 226 women were recruited for a new tamoxifen protocol; all had an EMT of less than 7.5 mm in previous cycles, including natural cycle (NC), hormone replacement treatment (HRT), and ovulation induction (OI) cycles. Compared with previous cycles, tamoxifen cycles showed a significantly increased EMT (from 6.11 ± 0.98 mm to 7.87 ± 1.48 mm in the NC group, from 6.24 ± 1.01 mm to 8.22 ± 1.67 mm in the HRT group, and from 6.34 ± 1.03 mm to 8.05 ± 1.58 mm in the OI group; all P < .001). Patients were further divided into 3 groups based on the causes of their thin endometrium: (1) history of intrauterine adhesion (n = 34), (2) history of uterine curettage (n = 141), and (3) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS; n = 51). Patients with PCOS obtained the thickest EMT (9.31 ± 1.55 mm), the lowest cycle cancellation rate (11.76%), and the highest rate of clinical pregnancy (60%) and live birth (55.56%) per transfer ( P < .001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that EMT was related to live birth (odds ratio: 1.487; 95% confidence interval: 1.172-1.887). A tamoxifen protocol improves EMT in patients after NC, HRT, and OI cycles during FET. Patients with PCOS show the most benefit from tamoxifen and achieve better pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanni Ke
- 1 Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China.,2 National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,3 The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- 1 Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China.,2 National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,3 The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Mingdi Xia
- 1 Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China.,2 National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,3 The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Tang
- 1 Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China.,2 National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,3 The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- 1 Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China.,2 National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,3 The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- 1 Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China.,2 National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China.,3 The Key laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.,4 Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nikolic I, Andjelkovic M, Zaric M, Zelen I, Canovic P, Milosavljevic Z, Mitrovic M. Induction of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by raloxifene and estrogen in human endometrial stromal ThESC cell line. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:293-301. [PMID: 28261281 PMCID: PMC5332444 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition that occurs as a result of hormonal imbalance between estrogen and progesterone. Morphological disturbance of endometrial cells occurs consequently leading towards endometrial cancer. In therapy of endometrial hyperplasia SERMs are used to supress effects of locally high estrogen level in uterus. There is strong evidence suggesting that estrogen could be involved in cell death - apoptosis. There are no experimental data demstrating the direct apoptotic effect of both raloxifene and estrogen on the ThESC cell line. The aim of our study wa sto investigate both cytotoxic and apototic mechanism of raloxifene and estrogen - induced death in the ThESC cell line. MATERIAL AND METHODS In order to determine their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects, various doses of raloxifene and estrogen were applied to the ThESC cell line for 24 h. After the treatment MTT assay, FACS analysis and immunofluoroscence method were conducted. RESULTS The results of this study for the first time demonstrated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of raloxifene and estrogen on human endometrial stromal cell line suggesting the involvement of the inner, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated apoptotic effects of investigated drugs in the ThESC cell line through increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nikolic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Andjelkovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Zaric
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivanka Zelen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Petar Canovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milosavljevic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Mitrovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guthrie AR, Chow HS, Martinez JA. Effects of resveratrol on drug- and carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, implications for cancer prevention. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5:e00294. [PMID: 28596842 PMCID: PMC5461649 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol found in grape skins and peanuts that has demonstrated many health benefits including protection against aging, cardiovascular and metabolic disease, neurological decline, and cancer. The anticancer properties of resveratrol have been attributed to a variety of mechanisms, including its general inhibition of phase I metabolism and induction of phase II metabolism. The effects of resveratrol on these enzymes, however, are still unclear, as in vitro evidence often contrasts with animal studies and clinical trials. Reasons for these variances could include the low bioavailability of resveratrol and the effects of resveratrol metabolites. Due to resveratrol's interactions with drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, individuals concurrently taking pharmacological doses of resveratrol with other supplements or medications could potentially experience nutrient-drug interactions. This review summarizes the known effects of resveratrol and its main metabolites on drug metabolism in order to help characterize which populations might benefit from resveratrol for the prevention of cancer, as well as those that may need to avoid supplementation due to potential drug interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane R. Guthrie
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | | | - Jessica A. Martinez
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucsonArizona
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Manna PR, Molehin D, Ahmed AU. Dysregulation of Aromatase in Breast, Endometrial, and Ovarian Cancers: An Overview of Therapeutic Strategies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:487-537. [PMID: 27865465 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aromatase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of estrogens, which play crucial roles on a spectrum of developmental and physiological processes. The biological actions of estrogens are classically mediated by binding to two estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ. Encoded by the cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP19A1) gene, aromatase is expressed in a wide variety of tissues, as well as benign and malignant tumors, and is regulated in a pathway- and tissue-specific manner. Overexpression of aromatase, leading to elevated systemic levels of estrogen, is unequivocally linked to the pathogenesis and growth of a number malignancies, including breast, endometrium, and ovarian cancers. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are routinely used to treat estrogen-dependent breast cancers in postmenopausal women; however, their roles in endometrial and ovarian cancers remain obscure. While AI therapy is effective in hormone sensitive cancers, they diminish estrogen production throughout the body and, thus, generate undesirable side effects. Despite the effectiveness of AI therapy, resistance to endocrine therapy remains a major concern and is the leading cause of cancer death. Considerable advances, toward mitigating these issues, have evolved in conjunction with a number of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors for countering an assortment of diseases and cancers, including the aforesaid malignancies. HDACs are a family of enzymes that are frequently dysregulated in human tumors. This chapter will discuss the current understanding of aberrant regulation and expression of aromatase in breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, and potential therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of these life-threatening diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R Manna
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, United States.
| | - D Molehin
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - A U Ahmed
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Šestak I, Cuzick J. Endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2016; 11:425-432. [PMID: 30058908 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2016.1216101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gynaecological toxicity profile of tamoxifen presents a significant burden to the patients and oncologist as tamoxifen-related side effects result in additional investigations, procedures and referrals. Aromatase inhibitor have been shown to result in significant reduction in gynaecological problems, possibly including endometrial cancer. Areas covered: We reviewed the main breast cancer trials, observation or cohort studies investigating tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor to report on endometrial adverse events and cancer. Expert commentary: Evidence for an increase in endometrial cancers with tamoxifen in breast cancer treated patients is now very clear. Aromatase inhibitors have shown to have a beneficial effect on the endometrium. There is an important need for further studies to clearly determine the influence of aromatase inhibitors on the endometrial in tamoxifen-naïve women. The effect of aromatase inhibitors on gynaecological problems may have potentially a very important impact in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šestak
- a Centre for Cancer Pevention , Queen Mary University of London , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jack Cuzick
- a Centre for Cancer Pevention , Queen Mary University of London , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sanders JM, Coulter SJ, Knudsen GA, Dunnick JK, Kissling GE, Birnbaum LS. Disruption of estrogen homeostasis as a mechanism for uterine toxicity in Wistar Han rats treated with tetrabromobisphenol A. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 298:31-9. [PMID: 26988606 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic oral treatment of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) to female Wistar Han rats resulted in increased incidence of cell proliferation at 250mg/kg and tumor formation in the uterus at higher doses. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that disruption of estrogen homeostasis was a major mode-of-action for the observed effects. Biological changes were assessed in serum, liver, and the proximal (nearest the cervix) and distal (nearest the ovaries) sections of the uterine horn of Wistar Han rats 24h following administration of the last of five daily oral doses of 250mg/kg. Expression of genes associated with receptors, biosynthesis, and metabolism of estrogen was altered in the liver and uterus. TBBPA treatment also resulted in changes in expression of genes associated with cell division and growth. Changes were also observed in the concentration of thyroxine in serum and in expression of genes in the liver and uterus associated with thyroid hormone receptors. Differential expression of some genes was tissue-dependent or specific to tissue location in the uterus. The biological responses observed in the present study support the hypothesis that perturbation of estrogen homeostasis is a major mode-of-action for TBBPA-mediated cell proliferation and tumorigenesis previously observed in the uterus of TBBPA-treated Wistar Han rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Sanders
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Sherry J Coulter
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Gabriel A Knudsen
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - June K Dunnick
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Grace E Kissling
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu Y, Shen J, Gao L, Feng Y. Estrogen promotes fat mass and obesity-associated protein nuclear localization and enhances endometrial cancer cell proliferation via the mTOR signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2391-7. [PMID: 26884084 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive exposure to estrogen is generally acknowledged as a risk factor for endometrial cancer. Given that the accumulation of adipocytes also contributes to the increased production of estrogen, in the present study, we evaluated the expression of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene in endometrial tumor tissues and further explored the mechanism of how estrogen facilitates FTO nuclear localization and promotes endometrial cancer cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining assay was used to detect the FTO expression in endometrial tumor samples. Western blotting was performed to investigate the mechanism of estrogen-induced FTO nuclear localization. siRNA was used to knock down ERα and further explore its role in FTO nuclear localization. MTT assay was carried out to determine cell proliferation. We found that FTO was overexpressed in endometrial carcinoma tissues and served as a poor prognostic marker. Additionally, estrogen induced FTO nuclear accumulation via the mTOR signaling pathway and the nuclear localization was ERα-dependent, which contributed to enhanced proliferative activity. Therefore, the present study provides new insight into the mechanisms of estrogen-induced proliferation, implying the possibility of using FTO as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Youji Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Novel Promising Estrogenic Receptor Modulators: Cytotoxic and Estrogenic Activity of Benzanilides and Dithiobenzanilides. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145615. [PMID: 26730945 PMCID: PMC4701221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of 27 benzanilides and dithiobenzanilides built on a stilbene scaffold and possessing various functional groups in aromatic rings previously described for their spasmolytic properties was assayed on three human cancer cell lines (A549 –lung adenocarcinoma, MCF-7 estrogen dependent breast adenocarcinoma and MDA-MB-231 estrogen independent breast adenocarcinoma) and 2 non-tumorigenic cell lines (CCD39Lu–lung fibroblasts, MCF-12A - breast epithelial). Three compounds (6, 15 and 18) showed selective antiproliferative activity against estrogen dependent MCF-7 cancer cells and their estrogenic activity was further confirmed in MCF-7 transfected with an estrogen receptor reporter plasmid and in HEK239 cells over-expressing the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Compound 18 is especially interesting as a potential candidate for therapy since it is highly toxic and selective towards estrogen dependent MCF7 cell lines (IC50 = 5.07 μM versus more than 100 μM for MDA-MB-231) and almost innocuous for normal breast cells (IC50 = 91.46 μM for MCF-12A). Docking studies have shown that compound 18 interacts with the receptor in the same cavity as estradiol although the extra aromatic ring is involved in additional binding interactions with residue W383. The role of W383 and the extended binding mode were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang L, Wang Y, Du H, Jiang Y, Tang Z, Liu H, Xiang H, Xiao H. Impact of ER520, a candidate of selective estrogen receptor modulators, on in vitro cell growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and in vivo tumor xenograft of human breast cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 76:1247-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
25
|
Wu W, Wu Q, Hong X, Xiong G, Xiao Y, Zhou J, Wang W, Wu H, Zhou L, Song W, Dai H, Qiu H, Zhao Y. Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Arch Med Res 2014; 46:17-23. [PMID: 25532943 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) has been reported as an important molecule in various types of cancers. The biological function of COMT in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not yet been fully investigated. METHODS We constructed a transient transfection of a CRC cell lines to up- and downregulate COMT expression level and tested the proliferative, invasion ability in vitro. We also constructed a stable transduced CRC cell line and conducted tumor-forming capacity experiment in mouse xenograft model in vivo. RESULTS In vitro experiment showed that COMT inhibited the cell proliferation by regulating p-Akt, PTEN and inhibited G1 to S phase transition by regulating p53, p27, and cyclinD1. COMT inhibited invasion by regulating E-cadherin. In vivo experiment showed decreased tumor growth in COMT overexpressing cell line. CONCLUSIONS COMT has tumor-suppressive functions for CRC cell lines in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiafei Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangbing Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaolin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenze Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The endometrial cancer cell lines Ishikawa and HEC-1A, and the control cell line HIEEC, differ in expression of estrogen biosynthetic and metabolic genes, and in androstenedione and estrone-sulfate metabolism. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 234:309-19. [PMID: 25437045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens have important roles in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer. They can have carcinogenic effects through stimulation of cell proliferation or formation of DNA-damaging species. To characterize model cell lines of endometrial cancer, we determined the expression profiles of the estrogen receptors (ERs) ESR1, ESR2 and GPER, and 23 estrogen biosynthetic and metabolic genes, and investigated estrogen biosynthesis in the control HIEEC cell line and the Ishikawa and HEC-1A EC cell lines. HIEEC and Ishikawa expressed all ERs to different extents, while HEC-1A cells lacked expression of ESR1. Considering the estrogen biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes, these cells showed statistically significant different gene expression profiles for SULT2B1, HSD3B2, CYP19A1, AKR1C3, HSD17B1, HSD17B7, HSD17B12, CYP1B1, CYP3A5, COMT, SULT1A1, GSTP1 and NQO2. In these cells, E2 was formed from E1S and E1, while androstenedione was not converted to estrogens. HIEEC and Ishikawa had similar profiles of androstenedione and E1 metabolism, but hydrolysis of E1S to E1 was weaker in Ishikawa cells. HEC-1A cells were less efficient for activation of E1 into the potent E2, but metabolized androstenedione to other androgenic metabolites better than HIEEC and Ishikawa cells. This study reveals that HIEEC, Ishikawa, and HEC-1A cells can all form estrogens only via the sulfatase pathway. HIEEC, Ishikawa, and HEC-1A cells expressed all the major genes in the production of hydroxyestrogens and estrogen quinones, and in their conjugation. Significantly higher CYP1B1 mRNA levels in Ishikawa cells compared to HEC-1A cells, together with lack of UGT2B7 expression, indicate that Ishikawa cells can accumulate more toxic estrogen-3,4-quinones than HEC-1A cells, as also for HIEEC cells. This study provides further characterization of HIEEC, Ishikawa, and HEC-1A cells, and shows that they differ greatly in expression of the genes investigated and in their capacity for E2 formation, and thus they represent different in vitro models.
Collapse
|
27
|
Nagy E, Gajjar KB, Patel II, Taylor S, Martin-Hirsch PL, Stringfellow HF, Martin FL, Phillips DH. MGMT promoter hypermethylation and K-RAS, PTEN and TP53 mutations in tamoxifen-exposed and non-exposed endometrial cancer cases. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2874-80. [PMID: 24853176 PMCID: PMC4056065 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamoxifen has anti-oestrogenic and anti-tumour activity in the breast, but is oestrogenic and carcinogenic in the endometrium. It can induce experimental tumours by both hormonal and DNA-damaging mechanisms, but its carcinogenic mode of action in human endometrium remains unclear. METHODS We investigated whether an epigenetic mechanism, involving promoter hypermethylation of the gene for the DNA repair enzyme MGMT (O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase), was associated with K-RAS, TP53 and PTEN mutations in endometrial tumours from women treated with tamoxifen (TAM, n=30) or unexposed to the drug (EC, n=38). RESULTS There were significant (P<0.05) differences in tumour grade between the TAM and EC groups, with more favourable morphology in the latter. K-RAS mutations, predominantly G>A, occurred in small numbers in both groups. TP53 mutations were of mainly A>G, C>T and indel modifications in both groups, but more frequent in TAM cases. PTEN mutations dominated in EC tumours and were of the type that has large impact on protein function, such as indel or nonsense mutations. These observations alongside the mutational spectrum in PTEN suggest that the malignancies arise from different backgrounds, hence pointing to an effect of tamoxifen. Both groups displayed MGMT promoter hypermethylation. This coincided with mutations more frequently in the TAM (78%) than in the EC (50%) group, even though there were significantly (P<0.05) fewer mutations and methylations in TAM cases. CONCLUSIONS Although the difference in coincidence did not reach significance with the current sample size, the findings suggest that epigenetic processes may play a role in the way tamoxifen induces endometrial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Nagy
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - K B Gajjar
- Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - I I Patel
- Cavendish Laboratories, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - S Taylor
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Gynaecology, Crown Street, Liverpool, Merseyside L8 7SS, UK
| | - P L Martin-Hirsch
- Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Sharoe Green Lane North, Preston, Lancashire PR2 9HT, UK
| | - H F Stringfellow
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Preston Hospital, Sharoe Green Lane North, Preston, Lancashire PR2 9HT, UK
| | - F L Martin
- Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - D H Phillips
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chene G, Radosevic-Robin N, Tardieu AS, Cayre A, Raoelfils I, Dechelotte P, Dauplat J, Penault Llorca F. Morphological and immunohistochemical study of ovarian and tubal dysplasia associated with tamoxifen. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2251. [PMID: 24998918 PMCID: PMC4083318 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian epithelial dysplasia was initially described in material from prophylactic oophorectomies for BReast CAncer gene (BRCA) mutation. Similar histopathological abnormalities have been revealed after ovulation stimulation. Given that tamoxifen (TAM) has a clomid-like effect and is sometimes used to induce ovulation, we studied the morphological features and immunohistochemical expression patterns of neoplasia-associated markers in adnexectomies previously exposed to TAM for breast cancer. We blindly reviewed 173 histopathological slides of adnexectomies according to three groups – oophorectomies associated with TAM exposure (n=42), oophorectomies associated with clomiphene exposure (n=15) and a spontaneously fertile non cancerous control group (n=116). Morphological features (with an ovarian and tubal dysplasia scoring system) and immunohistochemical expression patterns of Ki-67, p53 and Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1 is an enzyme significantly associated with earlystage ovarian cancer) were evaluated and correlated. Mean tubal dysplasia score was significantly higher in the TAM group and clomiphen group than in controls (respectively 7.8 vs 3.5, P<0.007 and 6.8 vs 3.5, P=0.008). There is no statistical difference for the ovarian score in TAM group in comparison with the control group whereas we found a significant score for clomiphen group (6.5, P=0.009). Increased ALDH1 expression was observed in the two exposed group whereas expression patterns of Ki67 and p53 were moderate. Interestingly, ALDH1 expression was low in non-dysplastic epithelium, high in dysplasia, and constantly low in the two carcinoma. Furthemore, we confirm our previous results showing that ALDH1 may be a useful tissue biomarker in the subtle histopathological diagnosis of tubo-ovarian dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Chene
- Centre Jean Perrin, ERTICA Research Team.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Evaluating the potential bioactivity of a novel compound ER1626. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86509. [PMID: 24475135 PMCID: PMC3903524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ER1626, a novel compound, is a derivate of indeno-isoquinoline ketone. This study was designed to evaluate the biological activity and potential anti-tumor mechanism of ER1626. Method MTT assay, scratch assay and flow cytometry were used to determine cell proliferation, cell migration and cell cycle distribution as well as cell apoptosis on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells. We also explored the antiangiogenic effect of ER1626 on HUVEC cells and chicken embryos. The expression of estrogen receptor protein was investigated with western-blot analysis. Results ER1626 down-regulated the expression of estrogen receptor α protein and up-regulated β protein in MCF-7 and Ishikawa cells. The value of IC50 of ER1626 on MCF-7 and Ishikawa cells were respectively 8.52 and 3.08 µmol/L. Meanwhile, ER1626 decreased VEGF secretion of MCF-7 and Ishikawa cells, disturbed the formation of VEGF-stimulated tubular structure in HUVEC cells, and inhibited the angiogenesis on the chicken chorioallantoic membrane. Scratch assay revealed that ER1626 suppressed the migration of MCF-7, Ishikawa and HUVEC cells. In addition to induction tumor cell apoptosis, ER1626 arrested cell cycle in G1/G0 phase in MCF-7 cells and G2/M phase in Ishikawa cells. Conclusion In conclusion, our results demonstrated that ER1626 has favorable bioactivities to be a potential candidate against breast cancer and angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kangas L, Unkila M. Tissue selectivity of ospemifene: pharmacologic profile and clinical implications. Steroids 2013; 78:1273-80. [PMID: 24055829 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The multifactorial consequences of menopausal estrogen deficiency affect numerous tissues throughout the body. Supplemental hormonal therapies carry the burden of a risk/benefit ratio that must be highly individualized. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are estrogen receptor (ER) agonist/antagonists designed to induce benefits comparable with estrogen while minimizing adverse effects. Here, we review the estrogen agonist/antagonist profile of ospemifene, a novel triphenylethylene derivative recently approved to treat dyspareunia, a symptom of vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) due to menopause, both preclinically and clinically. Ospemifene binds ERα and ERβ with approximately equal affinities. In preclinical models, ospemifene increased vaginal and uterine epithelial thickness and mucification to the same extent as estrogen. Ospemifene did not induce endometrial hyperplasia in animal models; there also was no stimulatory effect on endometrial cells. In rat and human mammary cells in vitro, ospemifene evokes a dose-dependent inhibition on estrogen-induced cell responses and cell proliferation, supporting an antiestrogenic effect in breast. In contrast, ospemifene has an estrogenic effect on bone, as seen by improved bone mineral density, strength, mass, and histomorphometry in preclinical models, consistent with improvements in markers of bone resorption and formation in postmenopausal women. Based on the preclinical evidence, ospemifene has beneficial estrogen-like effects on the vaginal epithelium, preliminary evidence to support a neutral endometrial profile, antiproliferative effects in breast, and estrogenic effects in bone. Taken together, especially regarding estrogen-like effects on the vaginal epithelium, ospemifene presents a profile of tissue-specific effects that appear novel among available SERMs and well-suited for the treatment of VVA.
Collapse
|
31
|
Motaghed M, Al-Hassan FM, Hamid SS. Thymoquinone regulates gene expression levels in the estrogen metabolic and interferon pathways in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2013; 33:8-16. [PMID: 24270600 PMCID: PMC3868490 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
New drugs are continuously being developed for the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Thymoquinone is one of the drugs that exhibits anticancer characteristics based on in vivo and in vitro models. This study further investigates the effects of thymoquinone on human gene expression using cDNA microarray technology. The quantification of RNA samples was carried out using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyser to determine the RNA integrity number (RIN). The Agilent Low Input Quick Amplification Labelling kit was used to generate cRNA in two-color microarray analysis. Samples with RIN >9.0 were used in this study. The universal human reference RNA was used as the common reference. The samples were labelled with cyanine-3 (cye-3) CTP dye and the universal human reference was labelled with cyanine-5 (cye-5) CTP dye. cRNA was purified with the RNeasy Plus Mini kit and quantified using a NanoDrop 2000c spectrophotometer. The arrays were scanned data analysed using Feature Extraction and GeneSpring software. Two-step qRT-PCR was selected to determine the relative gene expression using the High Capacity RNA-to-cDNA kit. The results from Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, indicated that 8 GO terms were related to biological processes (84%) and molecular functions (16%). A total of 577 entities showed >2-fold change in expression. Of these entities, 45.2% showed an upregulation and 54.7% showed a downregulation in expression. The interpretation of single experiment analysis (SEA) revealed that the cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) and UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A8 (UGT1A8) genes in the estrogen metabolic pathway were downregulated significantly by 43- and 11‑fold, respectively. The solute carrier family 7 (anionic amino acid transporter light chain, xc-system), member 11 (SLC7A11) gene in the interferon pathway, reported to be involved in the development of chemoresistance, was downregulated by 15‑fold. The interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT)1, IFIT2, IFIT3, interferon, α-inducible protein (IFI)6 (also known as G1P3), interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9, ISGF3), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, 40/46 kDa (OAS1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) genes all showed changes in expression following treatment with thymoquinone. The caspase 10, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase (CASP10) gene was activated and the protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, R (PTPRR) and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) genes were upregulated in the classical MAPK and p38 MAPK pathways. These findings indicate that thymquinone targets specific genes in the estrogen metabolic and interferon pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjaneh Motaghed
- Oncology and Radiological Science Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Effect of chronic administration of tamoxifen and/or estradiol on feeding behavior, palatable food and metabolic parameters in ovariectomized rats. Physiol Behav 2013; 119:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
33
|
Kulak J, Ferriani RA, Komm BS, Taylor HS. Tissue selective estrogen complexes (TSECs) differentially modulate markers of proliferation and differentiation in endometrial cells. Reprod Sci 2012; 20:129-37. [PMID: 23171676 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112463251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have tissue-specific estrogen receptor (ER) modulating properties. Combining an SERM with one or more estrogens to form a tissue selective estrogen complex (TSEC) can provide an improved blend of tissue-specific ER agonist and antagonist effects. While both estrogens and SERMs affect the uterine endometrium, not all TSECs reverse the endometrial effects of estrogens preventing endometrial proliferation and hyperplasia. Their action in uterine cells is not completely understood. HOXA 10, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), progesterone receptor (PR), and EMX2 are genes known to regulate endometrial proliferation and differentiation. The expression of these genes was used to assess endometrial effects of SERMs and TSECs. We evaluated the effects of raloxifene (RAL), tamoxifen (TAM), lasofoxifene (LAS), bazedoxifene acetate (BZA), and progesterone (P) alone and in combination with estradiol (E2) in Ishikawa cells. Increased HOXA10, LIF, PR, and EMX2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was noted in E2-treated cells compared with vehicle-treated controls. All TSECs maintained E2-induced PR expression and all except TAM prevented estrogen-induced LIF expression. The TSEC containing BZA uniquely decreased HOXA10 expression and increased EMX2 expression. The TSECs alter endometrial cell proliferation by selective modulation of estrogen responsive genes, maintaining the antiproliferative effects mediated by PR and inhibiting LIF. The differential effect of TSECs on endometrial gene expression suggests a mechanism by which they manifest differential effects on endometrial safety against the risk of estrogen-induced endometrial hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Kulak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
CYP1B1 and hormone-induced cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 324:13-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
35
|
Li Y, Doss GA, Li Y, Chen Q, Tang W, Zhang Z. In vitro bioactivation of a selective estrogen receptor modulator (2S,3R)-(+)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxathiin-6-ol (I) in liver microsomes: formation of adenine adducts. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2368-77. [PMID: 22998117 DOI: 10.1021/tx3002466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As part of our efforts to develop safer selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), compound I {(2S,3R)-(+)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethoxy)-phenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxathiin-6-ol} was previously identified as a lead for further development. Subsequent studies showed that compound I is genotoxic in both in vitro Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and in vivo mouse studies. To better understand the possible mechanisms for the observed genetoxicity effects, in vitro incubations of I with liver microsomes of human, monkey, and mouse in the presence of adenine were performed, which led to the detection of five adenine adducts. The formation of these adducts was NADPH-dependent, suggesting the involvement of oxidative bioactivation catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. The mechanism for the formation of the major adenine adduct (A1) involves the formation of a reactive ring-opened para-quinone intermediate. The formation of four other adenine adducts may involve the formation of a reactive epoxide or ortho-quinone intermediate. Furthermore, incubations of compound I with human hepatocytes showed dose-dependent DNA damages in Comet assays. All of the above suggest that some reactive metabolites of compound I, formed through bioactivation mechanisms, have a potential to interact with DNA molecules in vitro and in vivo. This may be one of the causes of the genotoxicity observed preclinically both in vitro and in vivo. This case study demonstrated an approach using in vitro DNA trapping assays for assessing the genotoxicity potential of drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kelava I, Tomicić K, Kokić M, Corusić A, Planinić P, Kirac I, Murgić J, Kulis T, Znaor A. Breast and gynecological cancers in Croatia, 1988-2008. Croat Med J 2012; 53:100-8. [PMID: 22522987 PMCID: PMC3342654 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2012.53.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To analyze and interpret incidence and mortality trends of breast and ovarian cancers and incidence trends of cervical and endometrial cancers in Croatia for the period 1988-2008. Methods Incidence data were obtained from the Croatian National Cancer Registry. The mortality data were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database. Trends of incidence and mortality were analyzed by joinpoint regression analysis. Results Joinpoint analysis showed an increase in the incidence of breast cancer with estimated annual percent of change (EAPC) of 2.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 to 3.4). The mortality rate was stable, with the EAPC of 0.3% (95% CI, -0.6 to 0.0). Endometrial cancer showed an increasing incidence trend, with EAPC of 0.8% (95% CI, 0.2 to 1.4), while cervical cancer showed a decreasing incidence trend, with EAPC of -1.0 (95% CI, -1.6 to -0.4). Ovarian cancer incidence showed three trends, but the average annual percent change (AAPC) for the overall period was not significant, with a stable trend of 0.1%. Ovarian cancer mortality was increasing since 1992, with EAPC of 1.2% (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.9), while the trend for overall period was stable with AAPC 0.1%. Conclusion Incidence trends of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers in Croatia 1988-2008 are similar to the trends observed in most of the European countries, while the modest decline in cervical cancer incidence and lack of decline in breast cancer mortality suggest suboptimal cancer prevention and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Kelava
- Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Rockefellerova 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Elsheikh MA, Elnaggar YSR, Gohar EY, Abdallah OY. Nanoemulsion liquid preconcentrates for raloxifene hydrochloride: optimization and in vivo appraisal. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3787-802. [PMID: 22888234 PMCID: PMC3414224 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) is a selective estrogen-receptor modulator for treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of breast and endometrial cancer. By virtue of extensive presystemic clearance, RLX bioavailability is only 2%. The current study aimed to tailor and characterize RLX-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug-delivery systems (SNEDDS) using bioactive excipients affecting drug metabolism. The potential of oral nanocarriers to enhance RLX delivery to endocrine target organs was assessed in fasted and fed female Wistar rats using high-performance liquid chromatography. RLX was loaded in the dissolved and dispersed status in the alkalinized (A-SNEDDS) and nonalkalinized (NA-SNEDDS) systems, respectively. Optimization and assessment relied on solubility studies, emulsification efficiency, phase diagrams, dilution robustness, cloud point, particle size, zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), and transmission electron microscopy. In vitro release was assessed using dialysis bag versus dissolution cup methods. NA-SNEDDS were developed with suitable globule size (38.49 ± 4.30 nm), ZP (31.70 ± 3.58 mV), PDI (0.31 ± 0.02), and cloud point (85°C). A-SNEDDS exhibited good globule size (35 ± 2.80 nm), adequate PDI (0.28 ± 0.06), and lower ZP magnitude (−21.20 ± 3.46 mV). Transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical globules and contended data of size analysis. Release studies demonstrated a nonsignificant enhancement of RLX release from NA-SNEDDS compared to drug suspension with the lowest release shown by A-SNEDDS. A conflicting result was elucidated from in vivo trial. A significant enhancement in RLX uptake by endocrine organs was observed after nanocarrier administration compared to RLX suspension. In vivo studies reflected a poor in vitro/in vivo correlation, recommended nanocarrier administration before meals, and did not reveal any advantage for drug loading in the solubilized form (A-SNEDDS). To conclude, NA-SNEDDS possessed superior in vitro characteristics to A-SNEDDS, with equal in vivo potential. NA-SNEDDS elaborated in this work could successfully double RLX delivery to endocrine target organs, with promising consequences of lower dose and side effects of the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Elsheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Edavana VK, Dhakal IB, Yu X, Williams S, Kadlubar S. Sulfation of 4-hydroxy toremifene: individual variability, isoform specificity, and contribution to toremifene pharmacogenomics. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1210-5. [PMID: 22434874 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.044040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toremifene (TOR) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer and in clinical trials for prostate cancer prevention. The chemical structure of TOR differs from that of tamoxifen (TAM) by the presence of a chlorine atom in the ethyl side chain, resulting in a more favorable toxicity spectrum with TOR. In addition, some patients who fail on TAM therapy benefit from high-dose TOR therapy. Several studies have indicated that functional genetic variants in the TAM metabolic pathway influence response to therapy, but pharmacogenomic studies of patients treated with TOR are lacking. In this study, we examined individual variability in sulfation of 4-hydroxy TOR (4-OH TOR) (the active metabolite of TOR) in human liver cytosols from 104 subjects and found approximately 30-fold variation in activity. 4-OH TOR sulfation was significantly correlated (r = 0.98, P < 0.0001) with β-naphthol sulfation (diagnostic for SULT1A1) but not with 17β estradiol sulfation, a diagnostic substrate for SULT1E1(r = 0.09, P = 0.34). Examination of recombinant sulfotransferases (SULTs) revealed that SULT1A1 and SULT1E1 catalyzed 4-OH TOR sulfation, with apparent Km values of 2.6 and 6.4 μM and Vmax values of 8.5 and 5.5 nmol x min(-1) x mg protein(-1), respectively. 4-OH TOR sulfation was inhibited by 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol (IC50 = 2.34 ± 0.19 μM), a specific inhibitor of SULT1A1. There was also a significant association between SULT1A1 genotypes and copy number and 4-OH TOR sulfation in human liver cytosols. These results indicate that variability in sulfation could contribute to response to TOR in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineetha Koroth Edavana
- Division of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, #580, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Molecular Pathways: Digoxin Use and Estrogen-Sensitive Cancers—Risks and Possible Therapeutic Implications: Figure 1. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2133-7. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|