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Colangelo LA, Carroll AJ, Perak AM, Gidding SS, Lima JAC, Lloyd-Jones DM. Association of 20-Year Longitudinal Depressive Symptoms With Left Ventricular Geometry Outcomes in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study: A Role for Androgens? Psychosom Med 2024; 86:60-71. [PMID: 38193784 PMCID: PMC10922617 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is a risk factor for coronary heart disease and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a potent predictor of coronary heart disease events. Whether depression is associated with LVH has received limited investigation. This study assessed cross-sectional and 20-year longitudinal associations of depressive symptoms with LVH outcomes after accounting for important known confounders. METHODS From 5115 participants enrolled in 1985-1986 in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, 2533 had serial measures of depressive symptoms and subsequent echocardiography to measure normal LV geometry, concentric remodeling, and LVH. The primary exposure variable was trajectories of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale score from 1990-1991 to 2010-2011. Multivariable polytomous logistic regression was used to assess associations of trajectories with a composite LV geometry outcome created using echocardiogram data measured in 2010-2011 and 2015-2016. Sex-specific conflicting results led to exploratory models that examined potential importance of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin. RESULTS Overall CES-D and Somatic subscale trajectories had significant associations with LVH for female participants only. Odds ratios for the subthreshold (mean CES-D ≈ 14) and stable (mean CES-D ≈ 19) groups were 1.49 (95% confidence interval = 1.05-2.13) and 1.88 (95% confidence interval = 1.16-3.04), respectively. For female participants, sex hormone-binding globulin was inversely associated with LVH, and for male participants, bioavailable testosterone was positively associated with concentric geometry. CONCLUSIONS Findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal regression models for female participants, but not male ones, and particularly for Somatic subscale trajectories suggested a plausible link among depression, androgens, and LVH. The role of androgens to the depression-LVH relation requires additional investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Colangelo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Allison J Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, 750 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 10-132, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Amanda M Perak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611
- Division of Cardiology, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Samuel S Gidding
- Geisinger Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA; 1631 Hale hollow Road, Bridgewater Corners, VT
| | - Joao AC Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611
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2
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Allegra A, Caserta S, Genovese S, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Gender Differences in Oxidative Stress in Relation to Cancer Susceptibility and Survival. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1255. [PMID: 37371985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic, developmental, biochemical, and environmental variables interact intricately to produce sex differences. The significance of sex differences in cancer susceptibility is being clarified by numerous studies. Epidemiological research and cancer registries have revealed over the past few years that there are definite sex variations in cancer incidence, progression, and survival. However, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction also have a significant impact on the response to treatment of neoplastic diseases. Young women may be more protected from cancer than men because most of the proteins implicated in the regulation of redox state and mitochondrial function are under the control of sexual hormones. In this review, we describe how sexual hormones control the activity of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondria, as well as how they affect several neoplastic diseases. The molecular pathways that underlie the gender-related discrepancies in cancer that have been identified may be better understood, which may lead to more effective precision medicine and vital information on treatment options for both males and females with neoplastic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Santino Caserta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Genovese
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Impact of sex on clinical, procedural characteristics and outcomes of catheter ablation for ventricular arrhythmias according to underlying heart disease. JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARRHYTHMIAS AND PACING 2023; 66:203-213. [PMID: 35353320 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are under-represented in many key studies and trials examining outcomes of catheter ablation (CA) for ventricular arrhythmias (VA). We compared characteristics between men and women undergoing their first catheter ablation for VA at a single centre over 10 years. METHODS The clinical, procedural characteristics and outcomes of 287 consecutive patients (male = 182, female = 105), undergoing their first CA at our centre over 10 years were compared according to sex and underlying heart disease. RESULTS In the ablation population, women were younger, had fewer co-morbidities, were less likely to have ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and VA storm and were more likely to have idiopathic VA and premature ventricular complexes as the indication for ablation (P < 0.05 for all). Amongst idiopathic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) subgroups, baseline characteristics were similar; amongst ICM, women were younger and had higher numbers of drug failure pre-ablation (P = 0.05). Women were similar to men in all procedural characteristics, acute procedural success and complications, regardless of underlying heart disease. At median follow-up of 666 days, VA-free survival, overall mortality and survival free of death or transplant were comparable in both groups. Sex was not a predictor of these outcomes, after accounting for clinical and procedural characteristics. CONCLUSION Women represented 36% of the real-world population at our centre referred for CA of VA. There are key differences in clinical features of women versus men referred for VA ablation. Despite these differences, VA ablation in women can be accomplished with similar success and complication rates to men, regardless of underlying heart disease.
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Zhu J, Zhou W, Xie Z, Li W, Zhuo K. Impact of Sex and Menopausal Status on the Association Between Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Diastolic Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Acad Radiol 2022; 30:823-832. [PMID: 36114077 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of sex and menopausal status on the association between the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 542 consecutive patients with T2DM were retrospectively included in this study. All patients underwent cardiac computed tomographic as well as echocardiography. To assess the independent association of EAT and diastolic function parameters, we performed a multivariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS The median EAT volume was 113.11 cm3 (interquartile range (IQR): 88.38, 148.03), and EAT volume was higher in men than in women (p < 0.05). We also discovered that EAT volume was significantly associated with diastolic function in both sexes after adjusting for risk factors (p < 0.05). Concerning menopausal status, EAT volume was higher in postmenopausal women than premenopausal women and was independently associated with the diastolic function only in postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION In patients with T2DM, EAT is independently associated with diastolic function in the male population and a portion of the female population. In contrast to premenopausal women, EAT volume is only significantly correlated with diastolic function in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaimin Zhuo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
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Identification of an Epigenetic Signature for Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women’s PBMC DNA. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2185198. [PMID: 36032780 PMCID: PMC9417773 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2185198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is accompanied with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. DNA methylation may have a significant impact on postmenopausal women's development of coronary heart disease. DNA methylation alterations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from women with coronary heart disease and healthy controls were detected using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip platform in this work. We employed Sangerbox technology and the GO and KEGG databases to further study the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. After that, we used functional epigenetic module analysis and Cytoscape to remove the hub genes from the protein–protein interaction networks. Five genes (FOXA2, PTRD, CREB1, CTNAP2, and FBN2) were the hub genes. Lipid accumulation, endothelial cell failure, inflammatory responses, monocyte recruitment and aggregation, and other critical biological processes were all influenced by these genes. Finally, we employed methylation-specific PCR to demonstrate that FOXA2 was methylated at a high level in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease. To better understand coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women's molecular mechanisms, our study examine the major factors contributing to the state of DNA methylation modification, which will help discover novel diagnostic tools and treatment options.
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Bienvenu LA, Bell JR, Weeks KL, Delbridge LMD, Young MJ. New Perspectives on Sex Steroid and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Cardiac Ischemic Injury. Front Physiol 2022; 13:896425. [PMID: 35846011 PMCID: PMC9277457 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.896425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of ischemic heart disease is burgeoning for both men and women. Although advances have been made, the need for new sex-specific therapies targeting key differences in cardiovascular disease outcomes in men and women remains. Mineralocorticoid receptor directed treatments have been successfully used for blood pressure control and heart failure management and represent a potentially valuable therapeutic option for ischemic cardiac events. Clinical and experimental data indicate that mineralocorticoid excess or inappropriate mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation exacerbates ischemic damage, and many of the intracellular response pathways activated in ischemia and subsequent reperfusion are regulated by MR. In experimental contexts, where MR are abrogated genetically or mineralocorticoid signaling is suppressed pharmacologically, ischemic injury is alleviated, and reperfusion recovery is enhanced. In the chronic setting, mineralocorticoid signaling induces fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which can predispose to ischemic events and exacerbate post-myocardial infarct pathologies. Whilst a range of cardiac cell types are involved in mineralocorticoid-mediated regulation of cardiac function, cardiomyocyte-specific MR signaling pathways are key. Selective inhibition of cardiomyocyte MR signaling improves electromechanical resilience during ischemia and enhances contractile recovery in reperfusion. Emerging evidence suggests that the MR also contribute to sex-specific aspects of ischemic vulnerability. Indeed, MR interactions with sex steroid receptors may differentially regulate myocardial nitric oxide bioavailability in males and females, potentially determining sex-specific post-ischemic outcomes. There is hence considerable impetus for exploration of MR directed, cell specific therapies for both women and men in order to improve ischemic heart disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Bienvenu
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne VIC, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James R. Bell
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: James R. Bell,
| | - Kate L. Weeks
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne VIC, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lea M. D. Delbridge
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Morag J. Young
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne VIC, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Kanagaratnam A, Virk SA, Pham T, Anderson RD, Turnbull S, Campbell T, Bennett R, Thomas SP, Lee G, Kumar S. Catheter Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia in Ischaemic Versus Non-Ischaemic Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2022; 31:1064-1074. [PMID: 35643798 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are differences in substrate and ablation approaches for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in ischaemic (ICM) and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing clinical and procedural characteristics/outcomes of VT ablation in ICM versus NICM. METHODS Electronic databases were searched for comparative studies reporting outcomes of VT ablation in patients with ICM and NICM. Primary outcomes were acute procedural success, VT recurrence and long-term mortality. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects modelling. RESULTS Thirty-one (31) studies (7,473 patients; 4,418 ICM and 3,055 NICM) were included. Patients with ICM were significantly older (67.0 vs 55.3 yrs), more commonly male (89% vs 79%), had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (29% vs 38%) were less likely to undergo epicardial access (11% vs 36%) and were more likely to require haemodynamic support during ablation (relative risk [RR] 1.30; 95% CI 1.01-1.69). Acute procedural success (i.e. non-inducibility of VT) was higher in the ICM cohort (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.15). Recurrence of VT at follow-up was significantly lower in the ICM cohort (RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.70-0.84). Peri-procedural mortality, incidence of procedural complications and long-term mortality were not significantly different between the cohorts. CONCLUSIONS NICM and ICM patients undergoing VT ablation are fundamentally different in their clinical characteristics, ablation approaches, acute procedural outcomes and likelihood of VA recurrence. VT ablation in NICM has a lower likelihood of procedural success with increased risk of VA recurrence, consistent with known challenging arrhythmia substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohaib A Virk
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Timmy Pham
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert D Anderson
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Samual Turnbull
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy Campbell
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Bennett
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart P Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Ghnenis A, Padmanabhan V, Vyas A. Sexual dimorphism in testosterone programming of cardiomyocyte development in sheep. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H607-H621. [PMID: 35119334 PMCID: PMC8957338 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00691.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Perturbed in utero hormone milieu leads to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), a known risk factor for left ventricular (LV) dysfunction later in life. Gestational testosterone (T) excess predisposes offspring to IUGR and leads to LV myocardial disarray and hypertension in adult females. However, the early impact of T excess on LV programming and if it is female specific is unknown. LV tissues were obtained at day 90 gestation from days 30-90 T-treated or control fetuses (n = 6/group/sex) and morphometric and molecular analyses were conducted. Gestational T treatment increased cardiomyocyte number only in female fetuses. T excess upregulated receptor expression of insulin and insulin-like growth factor. Furthermore, in a sex-specific manner, T increased expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) while downregulating phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (pmTOR)-to-mTOR ratio suggestive of compensatory response. T excess 1) upregulated atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), markers of stress and cardiac hypertrophy and 2) upregulated estrogen receptors1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2), but not in androgen receptor (AR). Thus, gestational T excess upregulated markers of cardiac stress and hypertrophy in both sexes while inducing cardiomyocyte hyperplasia only in females, likely mediated via insulin and estrogenic programming.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates sex-specific effects of gestational T excess between days 30 and 90 of gestation on the cardiac phenotype. Furthermore, the sex-specific programming is likely secondary to perturbation in both estrogen and insulin signaling pathways collectively. These findings are supportive of the role of androgen excess to serve as early biomarkers of CVD and could be critical in identifying therapeutic targets for LV hypertrophy and predict long-term CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ghnenis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Arpita Vyas
- College of Human Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California
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9
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Madonna R, Pieragostino D, Cufaro MC, Del Boccio P, Pucci A, Mattii L, Doria V, Cadeddu Dessalvi C, Zucchi R, Mercuro G, De Caterina R. Sex-related differential susceptibility to ponatinib cardiotoxicity and differential modulation of the Notch1 signalling pathway in a murine model. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1380-1391. [PMID: 35122387 PMCID: PMC8899159 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ponatinib (PON), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved in chronic myeloid leukaemia, has proven cardiovascular toxicity. We assessed mechanisms of sex‐related PON‐induced cardiotoxicity and identified rescue strategies in a murine model. PON+scrambled siRNA‐treated male mice had a higher number of TUNEL‐positive cells (%TdT+6.12 ± 0.17), higher percentage of SA‐β‐gal‐positive senescent cardiac area (%SA‐β‐gal 1.41 ± 0.59) and a lower reactivity degree (RD) for the survival marker Bmi1 [Abs (OD) 5000 ± 703] compared to female (%TdT+3.75 ± 0.35; %SA‐β‐gal 0.77 ± 0.02; Bmi1 [Abs (OD) 8567 ± 2173]. Proteomics analysis of cardiac tissue showed downstream activation of cell death in PON+siRNA scrambled compared to vehicle or PON+siRNA‐Notch1‐treated male mice. Upstream analysis showed beta‐oestradiol activation, and downstream analysis showed activation of cell survival and inhibition of cell death in PON+scrambled siRNA compared to vehicle or PON+siRNA‐Notch1‐treated female mice. PON+scrambled siRNA‐treated mice also had a downregulation of cardiac actin—more marked in males—and vessel density—more marked in females. Female hearts showed greater cardiac fibrosis than their male counterparts at baseline, with no significant change after PON treatment. PON+siRNA‐scrambled mice had less fibrosis than vehicle or PON+siRNA‐Notch1‐treated mice. The left ventricular systolic dysfunction showed by PON+scrambled siRNA‐treated mice (male %EF 28 ± 9; female %EF 36 ± 7) was reversed in both PON+siRNA‐Notch1‐treated male (%EF 53 ± 9) and female mice (%EF 52 ± 8). We report sex‐related differential susceptibility and Notch1 modulation in PON‐induced cardiotoxicity. This can help to identify biomarkers and potential mechanisms underlying sex‐related differences in PON‐induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Cufaro
- Department of Pharmacy, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Department of Pharmacy, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Pucci
- Department of Histopathology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Mattii
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Doria
- Institute of Cardiology, "G. D'Annunzio, University of Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercuro
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione VillaSerena per la Ricerca, Città Sant'Angelo, Pescara, Italy
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10
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Bozdogan O, Bozcaarmutlu A, Kaya ST, Sapmaz C, Ozarslan TO, Eksioglu D, Yasar S. Decreasing myocardial estrogen receptors and antioxidant activity may be responsible for increasing ischemia- and reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmia in older female rats. Life Sci 2021; 271:119190. [PMID: 33571518 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ischemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmia and blood serum estrogen levels, myocardial estrogen receptor levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the effects of the estrogen receptor blocker, fulvestrant (ICI 182 780). MAIN METHODS A total of 102 female Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages (2-3, 6-7, 14-15, and 20-21 months) were used in this study. Myocardial ischemia was produced by ligation of the descending branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and reperfusion was produced by releasing this artery. An electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure were recorded for 6 min of ischemia and 6 min of reperfusion. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), estrogen receptor α (ERα), and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in myocardial tissue and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in blood serum were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a student's t-test. KEY FINDINGS It is not the changes in serum estrogen levels but the decreasing myocardial estrogen receptors and antioxidant activities that could be responsible for the occurrence of more severe arrhythmia in response to reperfusion in older female rats. SIGNIFICANCE The death rate due to a heart attack in younger men is higher than in women. However, it equalizes after the menopausal stage in women. In this study, the reason for the increasing sudden post-menopausal death rate in women was investigated experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Bozdogan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Azra Bozcaarmutlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Salih Tunc Kaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Canan Sapmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Talat Ogulcan Ozarslan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Didem Eksioglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Yasar
- Program of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul Esenyurt University, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Diaconu R, Donoiu I, Mirea O, Bălşeanu TA. Testosterone, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure: a narrative review. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:348-356. [PMID: 33433530 PMCID: PMC8269837 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_80_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone exerts an important regulation of cardiovascular function through genomic and nongenomic pathways. It produces several changes in cardiomyocytes, the main actor of cardiomyopathies, which are characterized by pathological remodeling, eventually leading to heart failure. Testosterone is involved in contractility, in the energy metabolism of myocardial cells, apoptosis, and the remodeling process. In myocarditis, testosterone directly promotes the type of inflammation that leads to fibrosis, and influences viremia with virus localization. At the same time, testosterone exerts cardioprotective effects that have been observed in different studies. There is increasing evidence that low endogenous levels of testosterone have a negative impact in some cardiomyopathies and a protective impact in others. This review focuses on the interrelationships between testosterone and cardiomyopathies and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Diaconu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Ionuţ Donoiu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Oana Mirea
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
| | - Tudor Adrian Bălşeanu
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova 200349, Romania
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12
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An acute estrogen receptor agonist enhances protective effects of cardioplegia in hearts from aging male and female mice. Exp Gerontol 2020; 141:111093. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sex on left ventricular mechanics in hypertensive individuals. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 171 untreated hypertensive patients and 112 normotensive controls who underwent a 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and comprehensive echocardiographic examination including strain assessment. RESULTS Hypertensive women and men had significantly lower left ventricular global longitudinal and circumferential strains than their normotensive counterparts. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain was lower in hypertensive men than in women (-19.8 ± 2.2 vs. -17.9 ± 2.1%; P < 0.01). Left ventricular global circumferential strain was also reduced in hypertensive men in comparison with women (-21.0 ± 2.5 vs. -18.7 ± 2.3%; P < 0.01). The difference in left ventricular radial strain was not discovered between hypertensive women and men. Furthermore, left ventricular twist was significantly higher in hypertensive women than in hypertensive men (21.9 ± 4.1° vs. 20.6 ± 3.8°; P = 0.034). Female sex and arterial hypertension, and also their interaction, were associated with lower left ventricular mass index, increased left ventricular global longitudinal, and circumferential strains and increased left ventricular twist compared with hypertensive men. CONCLUSION Left ventricular longitudinal and circumferential strains were significantly reduced in hypertensive patients. However, the changes are more pronounced in hypertensive men than in women. Sex has a significant effect on the association between hypertension, and longitudinal and circumferential strain.
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14
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Zhang L, Chen Z, Xia X, Chi J, Li H, Liu X, Li R, Li Y, Liu D, Tian D, Wang H, Petroski GF, Flaker GC, Hao H, Liu Z, Xu C. Helicobacter pylori infection selectively increases the risk for carotid atherosclerosis in young males. Atherosclerosis 2019; 291:71-77. [PMID: 31704553 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is an important contributing factor to cardiovascular mortality. The role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in atherosclerosis is inconsistent and sometimes controversial. The present study aimed to determine if H. pylori infection is associated with carotid atherosclerosis. METHODS 17,613 males and females with both carotid ultrasonic examination and 13C-urea breath test for H. pylori infection were screened by a major Chinese university hospital from March 2012 to March 2017 for the study. Baseline demographics, cardiac risk factors, and laboratory studies were obtained. After exclusion for pre-specified conditions, 12,836 individuals were included in the analysis, including 8157 men (63.5%) and 4679 women (36.5%). Analysis was also made for 5-year follow-up data of 1216 subjects (869 males and 347 females) with and without H. pylori infection for development and progression of carotid atherosclerosis. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, lipid profile, hypertension, renal function, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, H. pylori infection was found as an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in males under 50 years, but not in older males or females (odds ratio 1.229, 95% CI 1.054-1.434, p = 0.009). Follow-up data analysis showed that the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis from no atherosclerosis to detectable lesions was significantly higher in young males with persistent H. pylori infection than those without H. pylori infection (p = 0.028) after 3 years. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that H. pylori infection might be an important risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in young Chinese males under 50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhiheng Chen
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiujuan Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jingshu Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixi Li
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Da Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Delin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Greg F Petroski
- Biostatistics and Research Design Unit, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Greg C Flaker
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Canxia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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15
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Wells SP, Waddell HM, Sim CB, Lim SY, Bernasochi GB, Pavlovic D, Kirchhof P, Porrello ER, Delbridge LMD, Bell JR. Cardiomyocyte functional screening: interrogating comparative electrophysiology of high-throughput model cell systems. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1256-C1267. [PMID: 31577512 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00306.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias of both atrial and ventricular origin are an important feature of cardiovascular disease. Novel antiarrhythmic therapies are required to overcome current drug limitations related to effectiveness and pro-arrhythmia risk in some contexts. Cardiomyocyte culture models provide a high-throughput platform for screening antiarrhythmic compounds, but comparative information about electrophysiological properties of commonly used types of cardiomyocyte preparations is lacking. Standardization of cultured cardiomyocyte microelectrode array (MEA) experimentation is required for its application as a high-throughput platform for antiarrhythmic drug development. The aim of this study was to directly compare the electrophysiological properties and responses to isoproterenol of three commonly used cardiac cultures. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), immortalized atrial HL-1 cells, and custom-generated human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) were cultured on microelectrode arrays for 48-120 h. Extracellular field potentials were recorded, and conduction velocity was mapped in the presence/absence of the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol (1 µM). Field potential amplitude and conduction velocity were greatest in NRVMs and did not differ in cardiomyocytes isolated from male/female hearts. Both NRVMs and hiPSC-CMs exhibited longer field potential durations with rate dependence and were responsive to isoproterenol. In contrast, HL-1 cells exhibited slower conduction and shorter field potential durations and did not respond to 1 µM isoproterenol. This is the first study to compare the intrinsic electrophysiologic properties of cultured cardiomyocyte preparations commonly used for in vitro electrophysiology assessment. These findings offer important comparative data to inform methodological approaches in the use of MEA and other techniques relating to cardiomyocyte functional screening investigations of particular relevance to arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Wells
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Waddell
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Choon Boon Sim
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriel B Bernasochi
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Departments of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals National Health Service Trusts, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James R Bell
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Jun IJ, Kim J, Kim HG, Koh GH, Hwang JH, Kim YK. Risk factors of postoperative major adverse cardiac events after radical cystectomy: implication of diastolic dysfunction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14096. [PMID: 31575918 PMCID: PMC6773750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical cystectomy, which is a standard treatment of muscle invasive and high-grade non-invasive bladder tumour, is accompanied with high rates of postoperative complications including major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Diastolic dysfunction is associated with postoperative complications. We evaluated perioperative risk factors including diastolic dysfunction related with MACE within 6 months after radical cystectomy. The 546 patients who underwent elective radical cystectomy were included. Diastolic dysfunction was defined as early transmitral flow velocity (E)/early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (e′) > 15. Logistic regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were performed. MACE within 6 months after radical cystectomy developed in 43 (7.9%) patients. MACE was related with female (odds ratio 2.546, 95% confidence interval 1.166–5.557, P = 0.019) and diastolic dysfunction (odds ratio 3.077, 95% confidence interval 1.147–8.252, P = 0.026). The 6-month mortality were significantly higher in the MACE group, and hospital stay and intensive care unit stay were significantly longer in the MACE group compared to the non-MACE group. Accordingly, preoperative diastolic dysfunction (E/e′ > 15) was related with postoperative MACE and MACE was related with 6-month survival after radical cystectomy. These results suggest that preoperative diastolic dysfunction can provide useful information on postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Jung Jun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junghwa Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Gyu Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, University of Hallym College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Koh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jai-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Kug Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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17
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Miller VM, Mankad R. Sex Steroids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Post-Menopausal Women: New Perspective on an Old Controversy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:2567-2569. [PMID: 29852979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M Miller
- Women's Health Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Women's Heart Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Rekha Mankad
- Women's Health Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Women's Heart Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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18
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Ghimire A, Bisset ES, Howlett SE. Ischemia and reperfusion injury following cardioplegic arrest is attenuated by age and testosterone deficiency in male but not female mice. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:42. [PMID: 31443710 PMCID: PMC6708213 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease increases with age in both sexes. Treatment can require cardiac surgery, where the hearts are pre-treated with protective cardioplegic solution before ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). While endogenous estrogen is beneficial in I/R, whether testosterone is involved is uncertain and whether age modifies responses to I/R is unclear. We investigated sex- and age-specific differences in I/R injury in the hearts pre-treated with clinically relevant cardioplegic solution. METHODS The hearts were isolated from young (6-9 months) and old (20-28 months) mice of both sexes and perfused (Langendorff) with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (15 min, 37 °C), followed by St. Thomas' two cardioplegia (6 min, 6-7 °C), global ischemia (90 min, 23-24 °C), and reperfusion (30 min, 37 °C). The hearts were perfused with triphenyltetrazolium chloride to quantify infarct area. Testosterone's role was investigated in gonadectomized (GDX, 6-9 months) male mice; serum testosterone and estradiol were measured with ELISA assays. RESULTS Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) recovered to 67.3 ± 7.4% in the old compared to 21.8 ± 9.2% in the young male hearts (p < 0.05). Similar results were seen for rates of pressure development (+dP/dt) and decay (-dP/dt). Infarct areas were smaller in the old male hearts (16.6 ± 1.6%) than in the younger hearts (55.8 ± 1.2%, p < 0.05). By contrast, the hearts from young and old females exhibited a similar post-ischemic functional recovery and no age-dependent difference in infarcts. There was a sex difference in the young group, where ventricular function (LVDP, +dP/dt, -dP/dt) recovered better and infarcts were smaller in females than males. Estradiol levels were highest in young females. Testosterone was high in young males but low in females and old males, which suggested beneficial effects of low testosterone. Indeed, the hearts from GDX males exhibited much better recovery of LVDP in reperfusion than that from intact males (values were 64.4 ± 7.5 % vs. 21.8 ± 9.2%; p < 0.05). The GDX hearts also had smaller infarcts than the hearts from intact males (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although age had no effect on susceptibility to I/R injury after cardioplegic arrest in females, it actually protected against injury in older males. Our findings indicate that low testosterone may be protective against I/R injury following cardioplegic arrest in older males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Ghimire
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Elise S. Bisset
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Susan E. Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
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19
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Wainstock T, Yoles I, Sergienko R, Walfisch A. The association between anogenital distance, reproductive and general health in adult females- a prospective cohort of 17 years. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 90:77-81. [PMID: 31421229 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested an association between prenatal hormonal environment and anogenital distance (AGD). We aimed to study the association between AGD and health characteristics in adult women. METHODS In this prospective cohort AGD was measured in 300 parturients during the years 2000-2001. In December 2017, study participants` hospital records were abstracted and medical diagnoses grouped into major categories, including gynecological, cardiovascular, and other. Associations between AGD and the morbidities categories were evaluated using multivariable survival models, which adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS Participants were 44.3 ± 5.4 years old with mean AGD 40.3 mm (±10.7 mm). Women with below vs. above mean AGD were more likely to develop gynecological morbidities (39.9% vs. 27.1%, adjusted Hazard ratio 1.82; 95%CI 1.08-3.06). CONCLUSIONS Women with short AGD are at increased risk for gynecological morbidities. AGD should be studied further, and may possibly be used for screening of women at risk for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Wainstock
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Israel Yoles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Clalit Health Services, Central District, Israel
| | - Ruslan Sergienko
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Asnat Walfisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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20
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Scott JM, Dillon EL, Kinsky M, Chamberlain A, McCammon S, Jupiter D, Willis M, Hatch S, Richardson G, Danesi C, Randolph K, Durham W, Wright T, Urban R, Sheffield-Moore M. Effects of adjunct testosterone on cardiac morphology and function in advanced cancers: an ancillary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:778. [PMID: 31391011 PMCID: PMC6686390 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjunct testosterone therapy improves lean body mass, quality of life, and physical activity in patients with advanced cancers; however, the effects of testosterone on cardiac morphology and function are unknown. Accordingly, as an ancillary analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigating the efficacy of testosterone supplementation on body composition in men and women with advanced cancers, we explored whether testosterone supplementation could prevent or reverse left ventricular (LV) atrophy and dysfunction. METHODS Men and women recently diagnosed with late stage (≥IIB) or recurrent head and neck or cervical cancer who were scheduled to receive standard of care chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation were administered an adjunct 7 week treatment of weekly intramuscular injections of either 100 mg testosterone (T, n = 1 M/5F) or placebo (P, n = 6 M/4F) in a double-blinded randomized fashion. LV morphology (wall thickness), systolic function (ejection fraction, EF), diastolic function (E/A; E'/E), arterial elastance (Ea), end-systolic elastance (Ees), and ventricular-arterial coupling (Ea/Ees) were assessed. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in LV posterior wall thickness in placebo (pre: 1.10 ± 0.1 cm; post: 1.16 ± 0.2 cm; p = 0.11) or testosterone groups (pre: 0.99 ± 0.1 cm; post: 1.14 ± 0.20 cm; p = 0.22). Compared with placebo, testosterone significantly improved LVEF (placebo: - 1.8 ± 4.3%; testosterone: + 6.2 ± 4.3%; p < 0.05), Ea (placebo: 0.0 ± 0.2 mmHg/mL; testosterone: - 0.3 ± 0.2 mmHg/mL; p < 0.05), and Ea/Ees (placebo: 0.0 ± 0.1; testosterone: - 0.2 ± 0.1; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In patients with advanced cancers, testosterone was associated with favorable changes in left ventricular systolic function, arterial elastance, and ventricular-arterial coupling. Given the small sample size, the promising multisystem benefits of testosterone warrants further evaluation in a definitive randomized trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00878995; date of registration: April 9, 2009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Scott
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Lichar Dillon
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Kinsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Albert Chamberlain
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Susan McCammon
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Jupiter
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maurice Willis
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Sandra Hatch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gwyn Richardson
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Danesi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Randolph
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 155 Ireland St., College Station, TX, TX 77845, USA
| | - William Durham
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Traver Wright
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 155 Ireland St., College Station, TX, TX 77845, USA
| | - Randall Urban
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Melinda Sheffield-Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 155 Ireland St., College Station, TX, TX 77845, USA.
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21
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Bernasochi GB, Bell JR, Simpson ER, Delbridge LM, Boon WC. Impact of Estrogens on the Regulation of White, Beige, and Brown Adipose Tissue Depots. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:457-475. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Ayaz O, Banga S, Heinze-Milne S, Rose RA, Pyle WG, Howlett SE. Long-term testosterone deficiency modifies myofilament and calcium-handling proteins and promotes diastolic dysfunction in the aging mouse heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H768-H780. [PMID: 30657724 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00471.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The impact of long-term gonadectomy (GDX) on cardiac contractile function was explored in the setting of aging. Male mice were subjected to bilateral GDX or sham operation (4 wk) and investigated at 16-18 mo of age. Ventricular myocytes were field stimulated (2 Hz, 37°C). Peak Ca2+ transients (fura 2) and contractions were similar in GDX and sham-operated mice, although Ca2+ transients (50% decay time: 45.2 ± 2.3 vs. 55.6 ± 3.1 ms, P < 0.05) and contractions (time constant of relaxation: 39.1 ± 3.2 vs. 69.5 ± 9.3 ms, P < 0.05) were prolonged in GDX mice. Action potential duration was increased in myocytes from GDX mice, but this did not account for prolonged responses, as Ca2+ transient decay was slow even when cells from GDX mice were voltage clamped with simulated "sham" action potentials. Western blots of proteins involved in Ca2+ sequestration and efflux showed that Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase type 2 protein levels were unaffected, whereas phospholamban was dramatically higher in ventricles from aging GDX mice (0.24 ± 0.02 vs. 0.86 ± 0.13, P < 0.05). Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity at physiological Ca2+ was similar, but phosphorylation of essential myosin light chain 1 was reduced by ≈50% in ventricles from aging GDX mice. M-mode echocardiography showed no change in systolic function (e.g., ejection fraction). Critically, pulse-wave Doppler echocardiography showed that GDX slowed isovolumic relaxation time (12.9 ± 0.9 vs. 16.9 ± 1.0 ms, P < 0.05), indicative of diastolic dysfunction. Thus, dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ and myofilament dysfunction contribute to deficits in contraction in hearts from testosterone-deficient aging mice. This suggests that low testosterone helps promote diastolic dysfunction in the aging heart. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The influence of long-term gonadectomy on contractile function was examined in aging male hearts. Gonadectomy slowed the decay of Ca2+ transients and contractions in ventricular myocytes and slowed isovolumic relaxation time, demonstrating diastolic dysfunction. Underlying mechanisms included Ca2+ dysregulation, elevated phospholamban protein levels, and hypophosphorylation of a myofilament protein, essential myosin light chain. Testosterone deficiency led to intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation and myofilament dysfunction, which may facilitate diastolic dysfunction in the setting of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Shubham Banga
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Stefan Heinze-Milne
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Robert A Rose
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - W Glen Pyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
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Females Are More Resistant to Ischemia-Reperfusion-induced Intestinal Injury Than Males. Ann Surg 2019; 272:1070-1079. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Bernasochi GB, Boon WC, Delbridge LMD, Bell JR. The myocardium and sex steroid hormone influences. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Oxidative Stress as Cause, Consequence, or Biomarker of Altered Female Reproduction and Development in the Space Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123729. [PMID: 30477143 PMCID: PMC6320872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous terrestrial disease processes and associated with morbidity following spaceflight. Furthermore, oxidative stress has long been considered a causative agent in adverse reproductive outcomes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathogenesis of oxidative stress caused by cosmic radiation and microgravity, review the relationship between oxidative stress and reproductive outcomes in females, and explore what role spaceflight-induced oxidative damage may have on female reproductive and developmental outcomes.
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Jonker SS, Louey S, Roselli CE. Cardiac myocyte proliferation and maturation near term is inhibited by early gestation maternal testosterone exposure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1393-H1401. [PMID: 30095996 PMCID: PMC6297822 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00314.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex and common disorder in women, and those affected experience an increased burden of cardiovascular disease. It is an intergenerational syndrome, as affected women with high androgen levels during pregnancy "program" fetal development, leading to a similar phenotype in their female offspring. The effect of excess maternal testosterone exposure on fetal cardiomyocyte growth and maturation is unknown. Pregnant ewes received biweekly injections of vehicle (control) or 100 mg testosterone propionate between 30 and 59 days of gestation (early T) or between 60 and 90 days of gestation (late T). Fetuses were delivered at ~135 days of gestation, and their hearts were enzymatically dissociated to measure cardiomyocyte growth (dimensional measurements), maturation (proportion binucleate), and proliferation (nuclear Ki-67 protein). Early T depressed serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and caused intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR; P < 0.0005). Hearts were smaller with early T ( P < 0.001) due to reduced cardiac myocyte maturation ( P < 0.0005) and proliferation ( P = 0.017). Maturation was also lower in male than female fetuses ( P = 0.004) independent of treatment. Late T did not affect cardiac growth. Early excess maternal testosterone exposure depresses circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 near term and causes IUGR in both female and male offspring. These fetuses have small, immature hearts with reduced proliferation, which may reduce cardiac myocyte endowment and predispose to adverse cardiac growth in postnatal life. While excess maternal testosterone exposure leads to polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular disease in female offspring, it may also predispose to complications of IUGR and cardiovascular disease in male offspring. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using measurements of cardiac myocyte growth and maturation in an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome, this study demonstrates that early gestation excess maternal testosterone exposure reduces near-term cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation in intrauterine growth-restricted female and male fetuses. The effect of testosterone is restricted to exposure during a specific period early in pregnancy, and the effects appear mediated through reduced insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling. Furthermore, male fetuses, regardless of treatment, had fewer mature cardiomyocytes than female fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonnet S Jonker
- Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Samantha Louey
- Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Charles E Roselli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
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Bernardo BC, Ooi JYY, Weeks KL, Patterson NL, McMullen JR. Understanding Key Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Protection to Mitigate Disease: Current Knowledge and Emerging Concepts. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:419-475. [PMID: 29351515 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of exercise on the heart are well recognized, and clinical studies have demonstrated that exercise is an intervention that can improve cardiac function in heart failure patients. This has led to significant research into understanding the key mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced cardiac protection. Here, we summarize molecular mechanisms that regulate exercise-induced cardiac myocyte growth and proliferation. We discuss in detail the effects of exercise on other cardiac cells, organelles, and systems that have received less or little attention and require further investigation. This includes cardiac excitation and contraction, mitochondrial adaptations, cellular stress responses to promote survival (heat shock response, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosomal system, endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, DNA damage response), extracellular matrix, inflammatory response, and organ-to-organ crosstalk. We summarize therapeutic strategies targeting known regulators of exercise-induced protection and the challenges translating findings from bench to bedside. We conclude that technological advancements that allow for in-depth profiling of the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, combined with animal and human studies, provide new opportunities for comprehensively defining the signaling and regulatory aspects of cell/organelle functions that underpin the protective properties of exercise. This is likely to lead to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jenny Y Y Ooi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Natalie L Patterson
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
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Pokrzywinski KL, Biel TG, Rosen ET, Bonanno JL, Aryal B, Mascia F, Moshkelani D, Mog S, Rao VA. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is suppressed by estrous-staged treatment and exogenous 17β-estradiol in female tumor-bearing spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:25. [PMID: 29907135 PMCID: PMC6003183 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline therapeutic, is widely used to treat a variety of cancer types and known to induce cardiomyopathy in a time and dose-dependent manner. Postmenopausal and hypertensive females are two high-risk groups for developing adverse effects following DOX treatment. This may suggest that endogenous reproductive hormones can in part suppress DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we investigated if the endogenous fluctuations in 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) can in part suppress DOX-induced cardiomyopathy in SST-2 tumor-bearing spontaneously hypersensitive rats (SHRs) and evaluate if exogenous administration of E2 and P4 can suppress DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in tumor-bearing ovariectomized SHRs (ovaSHRs). Methods Vaginal cytology was performed on all animals to identify the stage of the estrous cycle. Estrous-staged SHRs received a single injection of saline, DOX, dexrazoxane (DRZ), or DOX combined with DRZ. OvaSHRs were implanted with time-releasing pellets that contained a carrier matrix (control), E2, P4, Tamoxifen (Tam), and combinations of E2 with P4 and Tam. Hormone pellet-implanted ovaSHRs received a single injection of saline or DOX. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), E2, and P4 serum concentrations were measured before and after treatment in all animals. Cardiac damage and function were further assessed by echocardiography and histopathology. Weight, tumor size, and uterine width were measured for all animals. Results In SHRs, estrous-staged DOX treatment altered acute estrous cycling that ultimately resulted in prolonged diestrus. Twelve days after DOX administration, all SHRs had comparable endogenous circulating E2. Thirteen days after DOX treatment, SHRs treated during proestrus had decreased cardiac output and increased cTnI as compared to animals treated during estrus and diestrus. DOX-induced tumor reduction was not affected by estrous-staged treatments. In ovaSHRs, exogenous administration of E2 suppressed DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, while P4-implanted ovaSHRs were partly resistant. However, ovaSHRs treated with E2 and P4 did not have cardioprotection against DOX-induced damage. Conclusions This study demonstrates that estrous-staged treatments can alter the extent of cardiac damage caused by DOX in female SHRs. The study also supports that exogenous E2 can suppress DOX-induced myocardial damage in ovaSHRs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-018-0183-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaytee L Pokrzywinski
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III, Office of Biotechnology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Thomas G Biel
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III, Office of Biotechnology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Elliot T Rosen
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III, Office of Biotechnology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Julia L Bonanno
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III, Office of Biotechnology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Baikuntha Aryal
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III, Office of Biotechnology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Francesca Mascia
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III, Office of Biotechnology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Delaram Moshkelani
- Division of Process Assessment III, Office of Process and Facilities, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Steven Mog
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - V Ashutosh Rao
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research III, Office of Biotechnology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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Biochemical and Ultrastructural Cardiac Changes Induced by High-Fat Diet in Female and Male Prepubertal Rabbits. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:6430696. [PMID: 29850391 PMCID: PMC5904822 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6430696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early weight gain induced by high-fat diet has been identified as a predictor for cardiac disease, one of the most serious public health problems. Our goal is to study the influence of a HFD on biochemical, oxidant stress parameters, and the cardiac ultrastructure in both male and female prepubertal models. Experiments were carried on 24 prepubertal New Zealand white rabbits, randomly assigned to male and female control (MC and FC, resp.) or HFD (MHFD and FHFD, resp.) groups (n = 6) for 3 months. Body and heart weights and some biochemical and oxidative stress parameters such as lipids, calcium, CKMB, MDA, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and AOA are evaluated in plasma and the left ventricle. Under HFD effect, plasma parameters, such as lipids (TL, PL, and LDL-C), MDA, and CK-MB, increase more significantly in male than in female groups, when AA decreases. Some cardiac parameters such as TG and UA increase, when AA and AOA decrease; these variations are more significant in FHFD. In both male and female rabbits, HFD caused changes in heart ultrastructure, junctional complexes, mitochondria size and form, and so on. Early HFD feeding induced overweight, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations in plasma and the heart of prepubertal rabbits, whereas lipotoxicity has especially a negative impact on male plasma but affects more the female heart ultrastructure.
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Chandramouli C, Reichelt ME, Curl CL, Varma U, Bienvenu LA, Koutsifeli P, Raaijmakers AJA, De Blasio MJ, Qin CX, Jenkins AJ, Ritchie RH, Mellor KM, Delbridge LMD. Diastolic dysfunction is more apparent in STZ-induced diabetic female mice, despite less pronounced hyperglycemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2346. [PMID: 29402990 PMCID: PMC5799292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct pathology characterized by early emergence of diastolic dysfunction. Increased cardiovascular risk associated with diabetes is more marked for women, but an understanding of the role of diastolic dysfunction in female susceptibility to diabetic cardiomyopathy is lacking. To investigate the sex-specific relationship between systemic diabetic status and in vivo occurrence of diastolic dysfunction, diabetes was induced in male and female mice by streptozotocin (5x daily i.p. 55 mg/kg). Echocardiography was performed at 7 weeks post-diabetes induction, cardiac collagen content assessed by picrosirius red staining, and gene expression measured using qPCR. The extent of diabetes-associated hyperglycemia was more marked in males than females (males: 25.8 ± 1.2 vs 9.1 ± 0.4 mM; females: 13.5 ± 1.5 vs 8.4 ± 0.4 mM, p < 0.05) yet in vivo diastolic dysfunction was evident in female (E/E' 54% increase, p < 0.05) but not male diabetic mice. Cardiac structural abnormalities (left ventricular wall thinning, collagen deposition) were similar in male and female diabetic mice. Female-specific gene expression changes in glucose metabolic and autophagy-related genes were evident. This study demonstrates that STZ-induced diabetic female mice exhibit a heightened susceptibility to diastolic dysfunction, despite exhibiting a lower extent of hyperglycemia than male mice. These findings highlight the importance of early echocardiographic screening of asymptomatic prediabetic at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Chandramouli
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melissa E Reichelt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire L Curl
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Upasna Varma
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura A Bienvenu
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Parisa Koutsifeli
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Miles J De Blasio
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberley M Mellor
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Bienvenu LA, Morgan J, Reichelt ME, Delbridge LM, Young MJ. Chronic in vivo nitric oxide deficiency impairs cardiac functional recovery after ischemia in female (but not male) mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 112:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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Bernasochi GB, Boon WC, Curl CL, Varma U, Pepe S, Tare M, Parry LJ, Dimitriadis E, Harrap SB, Nalliah CJ, Kalman JM, Delbridge LM, Bell JR. Pericardial adipose and aromatase: A new translational target for aging, obesity and arrhythmogenesis? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 111:96-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yang HY, Firth JM, Francis AJ, Alvarez-Laviada A, MacLeod KT. Effect of ovariectomy on intracellular Ca 2+ regulation in guinea pig cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H1031-H1043. [PMID: 28778911 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00249.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study addressed the hypothesis that long-term deficiency of ovarian hormones after ovariectomy (OVx) alters cellular Ca2+-handling mechanisms in the heart, resulting in the formation of a proarrhythmic substrate. It also tested whether estrogen supplementation to OVx animals reverses any alterations to cardiac Ca2+ handling and rescues proarrhythmic behavior. OVx or sham operations were performed on female guinea pigs using appropriate anesthetic and analgesic regimes. Pellets containing 17β-estradiol (1 mg, 60-day release) were placed subcutaneously in selected OVx animals (OVx + E). Cardiac myocytes were enzymatically isolated, and electrophysiological measurements were conducted with a switch-clamp system. In fluo-4-loaded cells, Ca2+ transients were 20% larger, and fractional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release was 7% greater in the OVx group compared with the sham group. Peak L-type Ca2+ current was 16% larger in OVx myocytes with channel inactivation shifting to more positive membrane potentials, creating a larger "window" current. SR Ca2+ stores were 22% greater in the OVx group, and these cells showed a higher frequency of Ca2+ sparks and waves and shorter wave-free intervals. OVx myocytes showed higher frequencies of early afterdepolarizations, and a greater percentage of these cells showed delayed afterdepolarizations after exposure to isoprenaline compared with sham myocytes. The altered Ca2+ regulation occurring in the OVx group was not observed in the OVx + E group. These findings suggest that long-term deprivation of ovarian hormones in guinea pigs lead to changes in myocyte Ca2+-handling mechanisms that are considered proarrhythmogenic. 17β-Estradiol replacement prevented these adverse effects.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ovariectomized guinea pig cardiomyocytes have higher frequencies of Ca2+ waves, and isoprenaline-challenged cells display more early afterdepolarizations, delayed afterdepolarizations, and extra beats compared with sham myocytes. These alterations to Ca2+ regulation were not observed in myocytes from ovariectomized guinea pigs supplemented with 17β-estradiol, suggesting that ovarian hormone deficiency modifies cardiac Ca2+ regulation, potentially creating proarrhythmic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yu Yang
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defence Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jahn M Firth
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Alice J Francis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Anita Alvarez-Laviada
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kenneth T MacLeod
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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Kentner AC, Grace SL. Between mind and heart: Sex-based cognitive bias in cardiovascular disease treatment. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 45:18-24. [PMID: 28232227 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Given that both men and women experience cardiovascular disease (CVD), a common misconception is that they have similar risk factors and clinical presentation, receive comparable treatment, and have equivalent clinical outcomes; in reality differences are observed between men and women for each of these endpoints. Moreover, these differences occur as a function of both gender and sex. A review of the literature reveals widespread bias in the selection of research subjects based on these factors, in addition to implicit patient and provider biases that impede the access of women to recommended primary and secondary CVD management. In this perspective, we identify strategies to eliminate such biases and improve women's access to CVD treatments to ensure their care is consistent with current guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Kentner
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Sherry L Grace
- York University, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Blakemore J, Naftolin F. Aromatase: Contributions to Physiology and Disease in Women and Men. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 31:258-69. [PMID: 27252161 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00054.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase (estrogen synthetase; EC 1.14.14.1) catalyzes the demethylation of androgens' carbon 19, producing phenolic 18-carbon estrogens. Aromatase is most widely known for its roles in reproduction and reproductive system diseases, and as a target for inhibitor therapy in estrogen-sensitive diseases including cancer, endometriosis, and leiomyoma (141, 143). However, all tissues contain estrogen receptor-expressing cells, the majority of genes have a complete or partial estrogen response element that regulates their expression (61), and there are plentiful nonreceptor effects of estrogens (79); therefore, the effect of aromatase through the provision of estrogen is almost universal in terms of health and disease. This review will provide a brief but comprehensive overview of the enzyme, its role in steroidogenesis, the problems that arise with its functional mutations and mishaps, the roles in human physiology of aromatase and its product estrogens, its current clinical roles, and the effects of aromatase inhibitors. While much of the story is that of the consequences of the formation of its product estrogens, we also will address alternative enzymatic roles of aromatase as a demethylase or nonenzymatic actions of this versatile molecule. Although this short review is meant to be thorough, it is by no means exhaustive; rather, it is meant to reflect the cutting-edge, exciting properties and possibilities of this ancient enzyme and its products.
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Hakim C, Padmanabhan V, Vyas AK. Gestational Hyperandrogenism in Developmental Programming. Endocrinology 2017; 158:199-212. [PMID: 27967205 PMCID: PMC5413081 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Androgen excess (hyperandrogenism) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. The potential causes of androgen excess in women include polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), adrenal tumors, and racial disparity among many others. During pregnancy, luteoma, placental aromatase deficiency, and fetal CAH are additional causes of gestational hyperandrogenism. The present report reviews the various phenotypes of hyperandrogenism during pregnancy and its origin, pathophysiology, and the effect of hyperandrogenism on the fetal developmental trajectory and offspring consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hakim
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and
| | - Arpita K. Vyas
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Permian Basin Campus, Odessa, Texas 79763
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Kander MC, Cui Y, Liu Z. Gender difference in oxidative stress: a new look at the mechanisms for cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:1024-1032. [PMID: 27957792 PMCID: PMC5387169 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender differences are present in many diseases and are especially prevalent in cardiovascular disease. Males tend to suffer from myocardial infarctions earlier than females, and a woman's risk of cardiovascular disease increases after menopause, suggesting a cardio-protective role of estrogen. However, hormone replacement therapy did not decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women; thus, other mechanisms may be involved besides estrogen. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease. Gender is also associated with differences in oxidative stress. Under physiological conditions, females appear to be less susceptible to oxidative stress. This may be due to the antioxidant properties of estrogen, gender differences in NADPH-oxidase activity or other mechanism(s) yet to be defined. This review strives to discuss gender differences in general terms followed by a more detailed examination of gender differences with oxidative stress and various associated diseases and the possible mechanisms underlying these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Christine Kander
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Feridooni HA, MacDonald JK, Ghimire A, Pyle WG, Howlett SE. Acute exposure to progesterone attenuates cardiac contraction by modifying myofilament calcium sensitivity in the female mouse heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 312:H46-H59. [PMID: 27793852 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00073.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute application of progesterone attenuates cardiac contraction, although the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated whether progesterone modified contraction in isolated ventricular myocytes and identified the Ca2+ handling mechanisms involved in female C57BL/6 mice (6-9 mo; sodium pentobarbital anesthesia). Cells were field-stimulated (4 Hz; 37°C) and exposed to progesterone (0.001-10.0 μM) or vehicle (35 min). Ca2+ transients (fura-2) and cell shortening were recorded simultaneously. Maximal concentrations of progesterone inhibited peak contraction by 71.4% (IC50 = 160 ± 50 nM; n = 12) and slowed relaxation by 75.4%. By contrast, progesterone had no effect on amplitudes or time courses of underlying Ca2+ transients. Progesterone (1 µM) also abbreviated action potential duration. When the duration of depolarization was controlled by voltage-clamp, progesterone attenuated contraction and slowed relaxation but did not affect Ca2+ currents, Ca2+ transients, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) content, or fractional release of SR Ca2+ Actomyosin MgATPase activity was assayed in myofilaments from hearts perfused with progesterone (1 μM) or vehicle (35 min). While maximal responses to Ca2+ were not affected by progesterone, myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was reduced (EC50 = 0.94 ± 0.01 µM for control, n = 7 vs. 1.13 ± 0.05 μM for progesterone, n = 6; P < 0.05) and progesterone increased phosphorylation of myosin binding protein C. The effects on contraction were inhibited by lonaprisan (progesterone receptor antagonist) and levosimendan (Ca2+ sensitizer). Unlike results in females, progesterone had no effect on contraction or myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in age-matched male mice. These data indicate that progesterone reduces myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in female hearts, which may exacerbate manifestations of cardiovascular disease late in pregnancy when progesterone levels are high. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated myocardial effects of acute application of progesterone. In females, but not males, progesterone attenuates and slows cardiomyocyte contraction with no effect on calcium transients. Progesterone also reduces myofilament calcium sensitivity in female hearts. This may adversely affect heart function, especially when serum progesterone levels are high in pregnancy.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/acute-progesterone-modifies-cardiac-contraction/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirad A Feridooni
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Anjali Ghimire
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - W Glen Pyle
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; .,Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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MARTINS DP, SEMENOFF TADV, BORGES ÁH, SILVA NFD, SEMENOFF-SEGUNDO A. Chronic stress associated to contraceptives use on the progression of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.04116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Contraceptives are widely used by women in much of the world. The stress associated with their use can lead adverse responses in the body. Objective The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of chronic stress associated with contraceptive use on the progression of ligature-induced periodontitis in female Lewis rats. Material and method Therefore, forty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8): contraceptive and ligature group (CG); stress and ligature group (SG); contraceptive, stress and ligature group (CSG); ligature group (LG); and control group (CtrlG). An injectable contraceptive was administered to the CG and CSG groups at the beginning of the experiment. On the following day, periodontitis was induced in the CG, SG, LG and CSG groups by placing ligatures on the upper-right second molar. On the third day, the SG and the CSG were subjected to a chronic stress model using physical restraint and cold exposure. After 60 days, the animals were euthanized and submitted to histometric measurements. Two parameters were considered: histological attachment loss (CEJ-PL) and bone loss (CEJ-BC). Regarding CEJ-PL/CEJ-BC. Result The results indicated that the CtrlG (CEJ-PL 0.10 ± 0.00; CEJ-BC 0.34 ± 0.02) showed the lowest values (p<0.05). The SG group (CEJ-PL 0.90 ± 0.24; CEJ-BC 1.30 ± 0.28) presented higher values that were significantly different (p<0.05) from the results of the LG. The other groups exhibited similar statistical results (p>0.05). Conclusion The present results do not allow an assessment of the susceptibility of animals to ligature-induced periodontitis.
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Tuomikoski P, Salomaa V, Havulinna A, Airaksinen J, Ketonen M, Koukkunen H, Ukkola O, Kesäniemi YA, Lyytinen H, Ylikorkala O, Mikkola TS. Decreased mortality risk due to first acute coronary syndrome in women with postmenopausal hormone therapy use. Maturitas 2016; 94:106-109. [PMID: 27823727 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) in the incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been studied extensively, but less is known of the impact of HT on the mortality risk due to an ACS. STUDY DESIGN AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We extracted from a population-based ACS register, FINAMI, 7258 postmenopausal women with the first ACS. These data were combined with HT use data from the National Drug Reimbursement Register; 625 patients (9%) had used various HT regimens. The death risks due to ACS before admission to hospital, 2-28, or 29-365days after the incident ACS were compared between HT users and non-users with logistic regression analyses. RESULTS In all follow-up time points, the ACS death risks in HT ever-users were smaller compared to non-users. Of women with HT ever use, 42% died within one year as compared with 52% of non-users (OR 0.62, p<0.001). Most deaths (84%) occurred within 28days after the ACS, and in this group 36% of women with ever use of HT (OR 0.73, p=0.002) and 30% of women with ≥5year HT use (OR 0.54, p<0.001) died as compared to 43% of the non-users. Age ≤60 or >60 years at the HT initiation was accompanied with similar reductions in ACS mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS Postmenopausal HT use is accompanied with reduced mortality risk after primary ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Tuomikoski
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO BOX 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Havulinna
- THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO BOX 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juhani Airaksinen
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Olavi Ukkola
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Y Antero Kesäniemi
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Lyytinen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olavi Ylikorkala
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi S Mikkola
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum, 00029 Helsinki, Finland.
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Jenkins GR, Lee T, Moland CL, Vijay V, Herman EH, Lewis SM, Davis KJ, Muskhelishvili L, Kerr S, Fuscoe JC, Desai VG. Sex-related differential susceptibility to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in B6C3F 1 mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 310:159-174. [PMID: 27644598 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sex is a risk factor for development of cardiotoxicity, induced by the anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), in humans. To explore potential mechanisms underlying differential susceptibility to DOX between sexes, 8-week old male and female B6C3F1 mice were dosed with 3mg/kg body weight DOX or an equivalent volume of saline via tail vein once a week for 6, 7, 8, and 9 consecutive weeks, resulting in 18, 21, 24, and 27mg/kg cumulative DOX doses, respectively. At necropsy, one week after each consecutive final dose, the extent of myocardial injury was greater in male mice compared to females as indicated by higher plasma concentrations of cardiac troponin T at all cumulative DOX doses with statistically significant differences between sexes at the 21 and 24mg/kg cumulative doses. A greater susceptibility to DOX in male mice was further confirmed by the presence of cytoplasmic vacuolization in cardiomyocytes, with left atrium being more vulnerable to DOX cardiotoxicity. The number of TUNEL-positive cardiomyocytes was mostly higher in DOX-treated male mice compared to female counterparts, showing a statistically significant sex-related difference only in left atrium at 21mg/kg cumulative dose. DOX-treated male mice also had an increased number of γ-H2A.X-positive (measure of DNA double-strand breaks) cardiomyocytes compared to female counterparts with a significant sex effect in the ventricle at 27mg/kg cumulative dose and right atrium at 21 and 27mg/kg cumulative doses. This newly established mouse model provides a means to identify biomarkers and access potential mechanisms underlying sex-related differences in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ronald Jenkins
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Taewon Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Carrie L Moland
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Vikrant Vijay
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Eugene H Herman
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, The National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850-9734, United States
| | - Sherry M Lewis
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Kelly J Davis
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Levan Muskhelishvili
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Susan Kerr
- Arkansas Heart Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72211, United States
| | - James C Fuscoe
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Varsha G Desai
- Personalized Medicine Branch, Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States.
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Ip WTK, McAlindon A, Miller SE, Bell JR, Curl CL, Huggins CE, Mellor KM, Raaijmakers AJA, Bienvenu LA, McLennan PL, Pepe S, Delbridge LMD. Dietary omega-6 fatty acid replacement selectively impairs cardiac functional recovery after ischemia in female (but not male) rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H768-80. [PMID: 27422989 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00690.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A definitive understanding of the role of dietary lipids in determining cardioprotection (or cardiodetriment) has been elusive. Randomized trial findings have been variable and sex specificity of dietary interventions has not been determined. In this investigation the sex-selective cardiac functional effects of three diets enriched by omega-3 or omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or enriched to an equivalent extent in saturated fatty acid components were examined in rats after an 8-wk treatment period. In females the myocardial membrane omega-6:omega-3 PUFA ratio was twofold higher than males in the omega-6 diet replacement group. In diets specified to be high in omega-3 PUFA or in saturated fat, this sex difference was not apparent. Isolated cardiomyocyte and heart Langendorff perfusion experiments were performed, and molecular measures of cell viability were assessed. Under basal conditions the contractile performance of omega-6 fed female cardiomyocytes and hearts was reduced compared with males. Omega-6 fed females exhibited impaired systolic resilience after ischemic insult. This response was associated with increased postischemia necrotic cell damage evaluated by coronary lactate dehydrogenase during reperfusion in omega-6 fed females. Cardiac and myocyte functional parameters were not different between omega-3 and saturated fat dietary groups and within these groups there were no discernible sex differences. Our data provide evidence at both the cardiac and cardiomyocyte levels that dietary saturated fatty acid intake replacement with an omega-6 (but not omega-3) enriched diet has selective adverse cardiac effect in females. This finding has potential relevance in relation to women, cardiac risk, and dietary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy T K Ip
- Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew McAlindon
- Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sarah E Miller
- Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - James R Bell
- Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Claire L Curl
- Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Catherine E Huggins
- Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kimberley M Mellor
- Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Antonia J A Raaijmakers
- Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Laura A Bienvenu
- Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Peter L McLennan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Centre for Human Applied Physiology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; and
| | - Salvatore Pepe
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia;
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Bell JR, Curl CL, Harding TW, Vila Petroff M, Harrap SB, Delbridge LMD. Male and female hypertrophic rat cardiac myocyte functional responses to ischemic stress and β-adrenergic challenge are different. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:32. [PMID: 27390618 PMCID: PMC4936311 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac hypertrophy is the most potent cardiovascular risk factor after age, and relative mortality risk linked with cardiac hypertrophy is greater in women. Ischemic heart disease is the most common form of cardiovascular pathology for both men and women, yet significant differences in incidence and outcomes exist between the sexes. Cardiac hypertrophy and ischemia are frequently occurring dual pathologies. Whether the cellular (cardiomyocyte) mechanisms underlying myocardial damage differ in women and men remains to be determined. In this study, utilizing an in vitro experimental approach, our goal was to examine the proposition that responses of male/female cardiomyocytes to ischemic (and adrenergic) stress may be differentially modulated by the presence of pre-existing cardiac hypertrophy. Methods We used a novel normotensive custom-derived hypertrophic heart rat (HHR; vs control strain normal heart rat (NHR)). Cardiomyocyte morphologic and electromechanical functional studies were performed using microfluorimetric techniques involving simulated ischemia/reperfusion protocols. Results HHR females exhibited pronounced cardiac/cardiomyocyte enlargement, equivalent to males. Under basal conditions, a lower twitch amplitude in female myocytes was prominent in normal but not in hypertrophic myocytes. The cardiomyocyte Ca2+ responses to β-adrenergic challenge differed in hypertrophic male and female cardiomyocytes, with the accentuated response in males abrogated in females—even while contractile responses were similar. In simulated ischemia, a marked and selective elevation of end-ischemia Ca2+ in normal female myocytes was completely suppressed in hypertrophic female myocytes—even though all groups demonstrated similar shifts in myocyte contractile performance. After 30 min of simulated reperfusion, the Ca2+ desensitization characterizing the male response was distinctively absent in female cardiomyocytes. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that cardiac hypertrophy produces dramatically different basal and stress-induced pathophenotypes in female- and male-origin cardiomyocytes. The lower Ca2+ operational status characteristic of female (vs male) cardiomyocytes comprising normal hearts is not exhibited by myocytes of hypertrophic hearts. After ischemia/reperfusion, availability of activator Ca2+ is suppressed in female hypertrophic myocytes, whereas sensitivity to Ca2+ is blunted in male hypertrophic myocytes. These findings demonstrate that selective intervention strategies should be pursued to optimize post-ischemic electromechanical support for male and female hypertrophic hearts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-016-0084-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Bell
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Claire L Curl
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Tristan W Harding
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Martin Vila Petroff
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Centro Cientifico Tecnologico La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Stephen B Harrap
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia.,Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
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Prenatal programming: adverse cardiac programming by gestational testosterone excess. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28335. [PMID: 27328820 PMCID: PMC4916456 DOI: 10.1038/srep28335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse events during the prenatal and early postnatal period of life are associated with development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Prenatal exposure to excess testosterone (T) in sheep induces adverse reproductive and metabolic programming leading to polycystic ovarian syndrome, insulin resistance and hypertension in the female offspring. We hypothesized that prenatal T excess disrupts insulin signaling in the cardiac left ventricle leading to adverse cardiac programming. Left ventricular tissues were obtained from 2-year-old female sheep treated prenatally with T or oil (control) from days 30-90 of gestation. Molecular markers of insulin signaling and cardiac hypertrophy were analyzed. Prenatal T excess increased the gene expression of molecular markers involved in insulin signaling and those associated with cardiac hypertrophy and stress including insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K), Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), nuclear factor of activated T cells -c3 (NFATc3), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) compared to controls. Furthermore, prenatal T excess increased the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR. Myocardial disarray (multifocal) and increase in cardiomyocyte diameter was evident on histological investigation in T-treated females. These findings support adverse left ventricular remodeling by prenatal T excess.
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Kim C, Bebu I, Braffett B, Cleary PA, Arends V, Steffes M, Wessells H, Orchard T, Sarma AV. Testosterone and cardiac mass and function in men with type 1 diabetes in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (EDIC). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:693-9. [PMID: 26641212 PMCID: PMC4824167 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low testosterone concentrations have been reported to be associated with increased risk of congestive heart failure, but the mechanisms are unclear. Our objective was to examine the relationship between endogenous testosterone and measures of cardiac mass and function among men with type 1 diabetes. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a prospective observational study. PARTICIPANTS Men (n = 508) in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, the observational follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). MEASUREMENTS Testosterone assessed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry at EDIC year 10 and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) measures at EDIC years 14/15. Linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and left ventricular (LV) mass, volume, ejection fraction and cardiac index before and after adjustment for age, randomization arm, alcohol and cigarette use, macroalbuminuria, haemoglobin A1c, insulin dose, body mass index, lipids, blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medications and microvascular complications. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, total testosterone concentrations were significantly associated with LV mass (P = 0·014), end-diastolic volume (P = 0·002), end-systolic volume (P = 0·012) and stroke volume (P = 0·022), but not measures of LV function after adjustment for cardiac risk factors. Bioavailable testosterone was associated with LV mass, but not volume or function, while SHBG was associated with volume, but not mass or function. CONCLUSIONS Among men with type 1 diabetes, higher total testosterone was associated with higher LV mass and volume, but not with function. The clinical significance of this association remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kim
- Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ionut Bebu
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD
| | - Barbara Braffett
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Valerie Arends
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael Steffes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Hunter Wessells
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Trevor Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Aruna V. Sarma
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Tang Y, Li S, Zhang P, Zhu J, Meng G, Xie L, Yu Y, Ji Y, Han Y. Soy Isoflavone Protects Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Increasing Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Decreasing Oxidative Stress in Ovariectomized Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5057405. [PMID: 27057277 PMCID: PMC4753344 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5057405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is a special role for estrogens in preventing and curing cardiovascular disease in women. Soy isoflavone (SI), a soy-derived phytoestrogen, has similar chemical structure to endogenous estrogen-estradiol. We investigate to elucidate the protective mechanism of SI on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Female SD rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy. One week later, rats were randomly divided into several groups, sham ovariectomy (control group), ovariectomy with MI/R, or ovariectomy with sham MI/R. Other ovariectomy rats were given different doses of SI or 17β-estradiol (E2). Four weeks later, they were exposed to 30 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 6 or 24 hours of reperfusion. SI administration significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and improved left ventricle function and restored endothelium-dependent relaxation function of thoracic aortas after MI/R in ovariectomized rats. SI also decreased serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity, reduced plasma malonaldehyde, and attenuated oxidative stress in the myocardium. Meanwhile, SI increased phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signal pathway. SI failed to decrease infarct size of hearts with I/R in ovariectomized rats if PI3K was inhibited. Overall, these results indicated that SI protects myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in ovariectomized rats through increasing PI3K/Akt/eNOS signal pathway and decreasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shuangyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Public Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Zhangjiagang 215699, China
| | | | - Guoliang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Wang B, Fu ZY, Ma YT, Huang D, Liu F, Dong CL, Wang T, Meng YJ. Identification of a CYP19 Gene Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Associated with a Reduced Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:2-10. [PMID: 26562495 PMCID: PMC4742981 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An imbalance in sex hormone ratios has been identified in coronary heart disease (CHD), and as a key enzyme in the conversion of androgen to estrogen, aromatase plays an important role in the balance of sex hormone levels. However, there is a paucity of research into the potential roles of aromatase in CHD. In this study, we investigated associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP19 gene, which encodes aromatase, and CHD. METHODS We collected 1706 blood samples from CHD patients and control participants and used propensity score matching techniques to match case and control groups with respect to confounding factors. In a final study population, including 596 individuals, we conducted a case-control study to identify associations between three SNPs in CYP19 and CHD using χ(2) or Fisher exact tests, and binary logistic regression analysis. Differences in lipid levels and parameters of echocardiography among individuals with different genotypes were assessed by one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The distributions of rs2289105 alleles in the CYP19 gene differed significantly between the CHD and control groups (p = 0.014), and the heterozygote CT genotype was associated with a significantly lower risk of CHD compared to the homozygous wild-type CC genotype (p = 0.0063 and odds ratio = 0.575). However, blood lipid levels and echocardiographic parameters among individuals with different genotypes did not differ between the CHD and control groups. CONCLUSIONS The CT genotype of the rs2289105 polymorphism in the CYP19 gene is associated with a decreased risk of CHD and may be a genetic marker of protection from CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, China
| | - Ding Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, China
| | - Chun-Lan Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, China
| | - Ya-Jie Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi, China
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48
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Harvey RE, Coffman KE, Miller VM. Women-specific factors to consider in risk, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 11:239-257. [PMID: 25776297 DOI: 10.2217/whe.14.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the era of individualized medicine, gaps in knowledge remain about sex-specific risk factors, diagnostic and treatment options that might reduce mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improve outcomes for both women and men. In this review, contributions of biological mechanisms involving the sex chromosomes and the sex hormones on the cardiovascular system will be discussed in relationship to the female-specific risk factors for CVD: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, menopause and use of hormonal therapies for contraception and menopausal symptoms. Additionally, sex-specific factors to consider in the differential diagnosis and treatment of four prevalent CVDs (hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure) will be reviewed with emphasis on areas where additional research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronée E Harvey
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical, Engineering, Medical Sciences 4-20, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kirsten E Coffman
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical, Engineering, Medical Sciences 4-20, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Virginia M Miller
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical, Engineering, Medical Sciences 4-20, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Surgery, Medical Sciences, 4-20, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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49
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Colareda GA, Ragone MI, Consolini AE. Sex differences in the mechano-energetic effects of genistein on stunned rat and guinea pig hearts. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 43:102-15. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Germán A Colareda
- Experimental Pharmacology Group (GFEYEC); Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exactas Sciences; National University of La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - María I Ragone
- Experimental Pharmacology Group (GFEYEC); Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exactas Sciences; National University of La Plata; La Plata Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET); La Plata Argentina
| | - Alicia E Consolini
- Experimental Pharmacology Group (GFEYEC); Department of Biological Sciences, School of Exactas Sciences; National University of La Plata; La Plata Argentina
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50
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Cao J, Wang PK, Tiwari V, Liang L, Lutz BM, Shieh KR, Zang WD, Kaufman AG, Bekker A, Gao XQ, Tao YX. Short-term pre- and post-operative stress prolongs incision-induced pain hypersensitivity without changing basal pain perception. Mol Pain 2015; 11:73. [PMID: 26626404 PMCID: PMC4667457 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress has been reported to increase basal pain sensitivity and/or exacerbate existing persistent pain. However, most surgical patients have normal physiological and psychological health status such as normal pain perception before surgery although they do experience short-term stress during pre- and post-operative periods. Whether or not this short-term stress affects persistent postsurgical pain is unclear. RESULTS In this study, we showed that pre- or post-surgical exposure to immobilization 6 h daily for three consecutive days did not change basal responses to mechanical, thermal, or cold stimuli or peak levels of incision-induced hypersensitivity to these stimuli; however, immobilization did prolong the duration of incision-induced hypersensitivity in both male and female rats. These phenomena were also observed in post-surgical exposure to forced swimming 25 min daily for 3 consecutive days. Short-term stress induced by immobilization was demonstrated by an elevation in the level of serum corticosterone, an increase in swim immobility, and a decrease in sucrose consumption. Blocking this short-term stress via intrathecal administration of a selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, RU38486, or bilateral adrenalectomy significantly attenuated the prolongation of incision-induced hypersensitivity to mechanical, thermal, and cold stimuli. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that short-term stress during the pre- or post-operative period delays postoperative pain recovery although it does not affect basal pain perception. Prevention of short-term stress may facilitate patients' recovery from postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-548, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Po-Kai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-548, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Lingli Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-548, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Brianna Marie Lutz
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-548, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Kun-Ruey Shieh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Dong Zang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Andrew G Kaufman
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-548, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-548, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Xiao-Qun Gao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-548, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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