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Wang LH, Tan DH, Zhong XS, Jia MQ, Ke X, Zhang YM, Cui T, Shi L. Review on toxicology and activity of tomato glycoalkaloids in immature tomatoes. Food Chem 2024; 447:138937. [PMID: 38492295 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the lack of selection and limited intelligence in mechanical picking, some immature tomatoes that contain alkaloids are thrown away. Tomatine alkaloids are steroidal alkaloids naturally present in Solanaceae plants, which are distributed in small amounts in immature tomato fruits and decrease as the fruits ripen. Tomato glycoalkaloids are harmful to human health. However, in small quantities, there is some evidence that these compounds might be beneficial, as other non-antioxidant bioactivities. This article considers recent research on the biological effects of tomato glycoalkaloids in immature tomatoes, providing reference value for the potential development of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hao Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - De-Hong Tan
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xue-Song Zhong
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Mei-Qi Jia
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xue Ke
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tong Cui
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Rechek H, Haouat A, Hamaidia K, Pinto DCGA, Boudiar T, Válega MSGA, Pereira DM, Pereira RB, Silva AMS. Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton Ethanolic Extract Inhibits the Growth of Human AGS and A549 Cancer Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200890. [PMID: 36786298 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study shows the chemical profile and cytotoxic properties of the ethanolic extracts of Inula viscosa from Northeast Algeria. The extract was obtained by maceration using ethanol. Its phenolic profile was determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and an electrospray mass spectrometer (UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS), which allowed the identification and quantification of 17 compounds, 1,5-O-caffeoylquinic acid being the most abundant. The cytotoxic activity was assessed against human gastric cancer (AGS) and human non-small-cell lung cancer (A549) cell lines, whereas ethanolic extract elicited nearly 60 % and 40 % viability loss toward AGS and A549 cancer cells, respectively. Results also showed that cell death is caspase-independent and confirmed the involvement of RIPK1 and the necroptosis pathway in the toxicity induced by the I. viscosa extract. In addition, the ethanolic extract would not provoke morphological traits in the cancer cells. These findings suggest that I. viscosa can be a source of new antiproliferative drugs or used in preparation plant-derived pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Rechek
- Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, Souk Ahras, 41000, Souk-Ahras, Algeria
- Department of Biology of Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, University of Batna 2, Mostefa Ben Boulaid, 05078, Batna, Algeria
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ammar Haouat
- Unité de Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyse Physicochimiques et Biologiques (VARENBIOMOL), Université des Frères Mentouri, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, University of Oued Souf, 39 000, Oued Souf, Algeria
| | - Kaouther Hamaidia
- Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, Souk Ahras, 41000, Souk-Ahras, Algeria
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Badji Mokhtar University, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tarek Boudiar
- Center de Recherche en Biotechnologie, Ali Mendjli Nouvelle Ville UV 03, BP E73, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Mónica S G A Válega
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renato B Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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A Survey of Naturally Occurring Molecules as New Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activators with Selective Anticancer Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010293. [PMID: 36612288 PMCID: PMC9818656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The last century has witnessed the establishment of neoplastic disease as the second cause of death in the world. Nonetheless, the road toward desirable success rates of cancer treatments is still long and paved with uncertainty. This work aims to select natural products that act via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a known vulnerability of malignant cells, and display selective toxicity against cancer cell lines. Among an in-house chemical library, nontoxic molecules towards noncancer cells were assessed for toxicity towards cancer cells, namely the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS and the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Active molecules towards at least one of these cell lines were studied in a battery of ensuing assays to clarify the involvement of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in the cytotoxic effect. Several natural products are selectively cytotoxic against malignant cells, and the effect often relies on ER stress induction. Berberine was the most promising molecule, being active against both cell models by disrupting Ca2+ homeostasis, inducing UPR target gene expression and ER-resident caspase-4 activation. Our results indicate that berberine and emodin are potential leads for the development of more potent ER stressors to be used as selective anticancer agents.
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Winkiel MJ, Chowański S, Słocińska M. Anticancer activity of glycoalkaloids from Solanum plants: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:979451. [PMID: 36569285 PMCID: PMC9767987 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.979451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the main causes of death worldwide. For this reason, new compounds that have chemotherapeutic potential have been identified. One such group of substances is Solanaceae glycoalkaloids (GAs). They are natural compounds produced by plants widely used in traditional medicine for healing many disorders. Among others, GAs exhibit significant antitumor properties, for example, a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth. This activity can result in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis, which can occur via different molecular pathways. The molecular mechanisms of the action of GAs are the subject of intensive research, as improved understanding could lead to the development of new cancer therapies. The genetic basis for the formation of neoplasms are mutations in protooncogenes, suppressors, and apoptosis-controlling and repair genes; therefore, substances with antineoplastic properties may affect the levels of their expression or the levels of their expression products. Therapeutic compounds can be applied separately or in combination with other drugs to increase the efficiency of cancer therapy; they can act on the cell through various mechanisms at different stages of carcinogenesis, inducing the process of apoptosis, blocking cell proliferation and migration, and inhibiting angiogenesis. This review summarizes the newest studies on the anticancer properties of solanine (SN), chaconine (CH), solasonine (SS), solamargine (SM), tomatine (TT) and their extracts from Solanum plants.
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Echeverría C, Martin A, Simon F, Salas CO, Nazal M, Varela D, Pérez-Castro RA, Santibanez JF, Valdés-Valdés RO, Forero-Doria O, Echeverría J. In Vivo and in vitro antitumor activity of tomatine in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1003264. [PMID: 36160442 PMCID: PMC9501894 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1003264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is abundant ethnopharmacological evidence the uses of regarding Solanum species as antitumor and anticancer agents. Glycoalkaloids are among the molecules with antiproliferative activity reported in these species. Purpose: To evaluate the anticancer effect of the Solanum glycoalkaloid tomatine in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro (HepG2 cells) and in vivo models. Methods: The resazurin reduction assay was performed to detect the effect of tomatine on cell viability in human HepG2 cell lines. Programmed cell death was investigated by means of cellular apoptosis assays using Annexin V. The expression of cancer related proteins was detected by Western blotting (WB). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium were determined by 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and Fluo-4, respectively. Intrahepatic HepG2 xenograft mouse model was used to elucidate the effect of tomatine on tumor growth in vivo. Results and Discussion: Tomatine reduced HepG2 cell viability and induced the early apoptosis phase of cell death, consistently with caspase-3, -7, Bcl-2 family, and P53 proteins activation. Furthermore, tomatine increased intracellular ROS and cytosolic Ca+2 levels. Moreover, the NSG mouse xenograft model showed that treating mice with tomatine inhibited HepG2 tumor growth. Conclusion: Tomatine inhibits in vitro and in vivo HCC tumorigenesis in part via modulation of p53, Ca+2, and ROS signalling. Thus, the results suggest the potential cancer therapeutic use of tomatine in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Echeverría
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
- *Correspondence: Cesar Echeverría, ; Javier Echeverría,
| | - Aldo Martin
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian O. Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariajesus Nazal
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Varela
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón A. Pérez-Castro
- In vivo Tumor Biology Research Facility, Centro Oncológico, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Juan F. Santibanez
- Group for Molecular Oncology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo O. Valdés-Valdés
- In vivo Tumor Biology Research Facility, Centro Oncológico, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Oscar Forero-Doria
- Departamento de Ciencias Del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias Del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Cesar Echeverría, ; Javier Echeverría,
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Discovery of the Anticancer Activity for Lung and Gastric Cancer of a Brominated Coelenteramine Analog. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158271. [PMID: 35955406 PMCID: PMC9368541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still a challenging disease to treat, both in terms of harmful side effects and therapeutic efficiency of the available treatments. Herein, to develop new therapeutic molecules, we have investigated the anticancer activity of halogenated derivatives of different components of the bioluminescent system of marine Coelenterazine: Coelenterazine (Clz) itself, Coelenteramide (Clmd), and Coelenteramine (Clm). We have found that Clz derivatives possess variable anticancer activity toward gastric and lung cancer. Interestingly, we also found that both brominated Clmd (Br-Clmd) and Clm (Br-Clm) were the most potent anticancer compounds toward these cell lines, with this being the first report of the anticancer potential of these types of molecules. Interestingly, Br-Clm possessed some safety profile towards noncancer cells. Further evaluation revealed that the latter compound induced cell death via apoptosis, with evidence for crosstalk between intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Finally, a thorough exploration of the chemical space of the studied Br-Clm helped identify the structural features responsible for its observed anticancer activity. In conclusion, a new type of compounds with anticancer activity toward gastric and lung cancer was reported and characterized, which showed interesting properties to be considered as a starting point for future optimizations towards obtaining suitable chemotherapeutic agents.
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HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn and UHPLC-ESI/QTOF/MSn characterization of polyphenols in the leaves of Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance ex F. White and cytotoxicity to gastric carcinoma cells. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bailly C. The steroidal alkaloids α-tomatine and tomatidine: Panorama of their mode of action and pharmacological properties. Steroids 2021; 176:108933. [PMID: 34695457 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The steroidal glycoalkaloid α-tomatine (αTM) and its aglycone tomatidine (TD) are abundant in the skin of unripe green tomato and present in tomato leaves and flowers. They mainly serve as defensive agents to protect the plant against infections by insects, bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi. In addition, the two products display a range of pharmacological properties potentially useful to treat various human diseases. We have analyzed all known pharmacological activities of αTM and TD, and the corresponding molecular targets and pathways impacted by these two steroidal alkaloids. In experimental models, αTM displays anticancer effects, particularly strong against androgen-independent prostate cancer, as well as robust antifungal effects. αTM is a potent cholesterol binder, useful as a vaccine adjuvant to improve delivery of protein antigens or therapeutic oligonucleotides. TD is a much less cytotoxic compound, able to restrict the spread of certain viruses (such as dengue, chikungunya and porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses) and to provide cardio and neuro-protective effects toward human cells. Both αTM and TD exhibit marked anti-inflammatory activities. They proceed through multiple signaling pathways and protein targets, including the sterol C24 methyltransferase Erg6 and vitamin D receptor, both directly targeted by TD. αTM is a powerful regulator of the NFkB/ERK signaling pathway implicated in various diseases. Collectively, the analysis shed light on the multitargeted action of αTM/TD and their usefulness as chemo-preventive or chemotherapeutic agents. A novel medicinal application for αTM is proposed.
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Scientometric and Methodological Analysis of the Recent Literature on the Health-Related Effects of Tomato and Tomato Products. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081905. [PMID: 34441682 PMCID: PMC8393598 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of tomato, a vegetable consumed daily in human diets, have received great attention in the scientific community, and a great deal of experiments have tested their utility against several diseases. Herein, we present a scientometric analysis of recent works aimed to estimate the biological effects of tomato, focusing on bibliographic metadata, type of testers, target systems, and methods of analysis. A remarkably variable array of strategies was reported, including testers obtained by standard and special tomatoes, and the use of in vitro and in vivo targets, both healthy and diseased. In vitro, 21 normal and 36 cancer human cell lines derived from 13 different organs were used. The highest cytotoxic effects were reported on cancer blood cells. In vivo, more experiments were carried out with murine than with human systems, addressing healthy individuals, as well as stressed and diseased patients. Multivariate analysis showed that publications in journals indexed in the agriculture category were associated with the use of fresh tomatoes; conversely, medicine and pharmacology journals were associated with the use of purified and formulate testers. Studies conducted in the United States of America preferentially adopted in vivo systems and formulates, combined with blood and tissue analysis. Researchers in Italy, China, India, and Great Britain mostly carried out in vitro research using fresh tomatoes. Gene expression and proteomic analyses were associated with China and India. The emerging scenario evidences the somewhat dichotomic approaches of plant geneticists and agronomists and that of cell biologists and medicine researchers. A higher integration between these two scientific communities would be desirable to foster the assessment of the benefits of tomatoes to human health.
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Bharadwaj R, Kumar SR, Sharma A, Sathishkumar R. Plant Metabolic Gene Clusters: Evolution, Organization, and Their Applications in Synthetic Biology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:697318. [PMID: 34490002 PMCID: PMC8418127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.697318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are a remarkable source of high-value specialized metabolites having significant physiological and ecological functions. Genes responsible for synthesizing specialized metabolites are often clustered together for a coordinated expression, which is commonly observed in bacteria and filamentous fungi. Similar to prokaryotic gene clustering, plants do have gene clusters encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites. More than 20 gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of diverse metabolites have been identified across the plant kingdom. Recent studies demonstrate that gene clusters are evolved through gene duplications and neofunctionalization of primary metabolic pathway genes. Often, these clusters are tightly regulated at nucleosome level. The prevalence of gene clusters related to specialized metabolites offers an attractive possibility of an untapped source of highly useful biomolecules. Accordingly, the identification and functional characterization of novel biosynthetic pathways in plants need to be worked out. In this review, we summarize insights into the evolution of gene clusters and discuss the organization and importance of specific gene clusters in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites. Regulatory mechanisms which operate in some of the important gene clusters have also been briefly described. Finally, we highlight the importance of gene clusters to develop future metabolic engineering or synthetic biology strategies for the heterologous production of novel metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revuru Bharadwaj
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sarma R. Kumar
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ramalingam Sathishkumar
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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Fábryová T, Tůmová L, da Silva DC, Pereira DM, Andrade PB, Valentão P, Hrouzek P, Kopecký J, Cheel J. Isolation of astaxanthin monoesters from the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis by high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Tomatine Displays Antitumor Potential in In Vitro Models of Metastatic Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155243. [PMID: 32718103 PMCID: PMC7432453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the cytotoxic effects of bioactive glycoalkaloids, such as α-tomatine on tumor cells. Here, for the first time, we determine the antitumor potential of tomatine, a mixture of α-tomatine and dehydrotomatine, in metastatic melanoma (MM) cell lines harboring different BRAF and MC1R variants. We performed cytotoxicity experiments and annexin-V/propidium iodide staining to assess the apoptotic/necrotic status of the cells. ER stress and autophagy markers were revealed by Western Blot, whereas antiangiogenic and vascular-disrupting effects were evaluated through a capillary tube formation assay on matrigel and by ELISA kit for VEGF release determination. Cell invasion was determined by a Boyden chamber matrigel assay. Tomatine reduced 50% of cell viability and induced a concentration-dependent increase of apoptotic cells in the range of 0.5–1 μM in terms of α-tomatine. The extent of apoptosis was more than two-fold higher in V600BRAF-D184H/D184H MC1R cells than in BRAF wild-type cells and V600BRAF-MC1R wild-type cell lines. Additionally, tomatine increased the LC3I/II autophagy marker, p-eIF2α, and p-Erk1/2 levels in BRAF wild-type cells. Notably, tomatine strongly reduced cell invasion and melanoma-dependent angiogenesis by reducing VEGF release and tumor-stimulating effects on capillary tube formation. Collectively, our findings support tomatine as a potential antitumor agent in MM.
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New chalcone-type compounds and 2-pyrazoline derivatives: synthesis and caspase-dependent anticancer activity. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:493-509. [PMID: 32100558 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: There is a continuous and urgent need for new anticancer agents with novel structures and target selectivity. Methods & results: The anticancer activity of the prepared compounds was assessed against human lung (A549) and stomach (AGS) cancer cell lines and evaluated in the noncancer human lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cell line. 2-Pyrazolines were devoid of toxicity in all cell lines used, chalcones bearing a β-(benz)imidazole moiety being toxic toward AGS cell line. Mechanistic studies showed that these compounds trigger loss of cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, while eliciting morphological traits compatible with regulated cell death, which was ultimately shown to derive from caspase activation, specifically caspase-3. Conclusion: Chalcones 1-3 have been identified as new and promising anticancer agents toward the AGS cell line.
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da Silva DC, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Pereira DM. Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders: Tools and strategies to understand its complexity. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104702. [PMID: 32068119 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) comprises a network of tubules and vesicles that constitutes the largest organelle of the eukaryotic cell. Being the location where most proteins are synthesized and folded, it is crucial for the upkeep of cellular homeostasis. Disturbed ER homeostasis triggers the activation of a conserved molecular machinery, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), that comprises three major signaling branches, initiated by the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Given the impact of this intricate signaling network upon an extensive list of cellular processes, including protein turnover and autophagy, ER stress is involved in the onset and progression of multiple diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. There is, for this reason, an increasing number of publications focused on characterizing and/or modulating ER stress, which have resulted in a wide array of techniques employed to study ER-related molecular events. This review aims to sum up the essentials on the current knowledge of the molecular biology of endoplasmic reticulum stress, while highlighting the available tools used in studies of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Correia da Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal.
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Moreira R, Jervis PJ, Carvalho A, Ferreira PMT, Martins JA, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Pereira DM. Biological Evaluation of Naproxen-Dehydrodipeptide Conjugates with Self-Hydrogelation Capacity as Dual LOX/COX Inhibitors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E122. [PMID: 32028608 PMCID: PMC7076388 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of peptide-drug conjugates is emerging as a powerful strategy for targeted drug delivery. Previously, we have found that peptides conjugated to a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), more specifically naproxen-dehydrodipeptide conjugates, readily form nanostructured fibrilar supramolecular hydrogels. These hydrogels were revealed as efficacious nano-carriers for drug delivery applications. Moreover, the incorporation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) rendered the hydrogels responsive to external magnetic fields, undergoing gel-to-solution phase transition upon remote magnetic excitation. Thus, magnetic dehydrodipeptide-based hydrogels may find interesting applications as responsive Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents and for magnetic hyperthermia-triggered drug-release applications. Supramolecular hydrogels where the hydrogelator molecule is endowed with intrinsic pharmacological properties can potentially fulfill a dual function in drug delivery systems as (passive) nanocariers for incorporated drugs and as active drugs themselves. In this present study, we investigated the pharmacological activities of a panel of naproxen-dehydrodipeptide conjugates, previously studied for their hydrogelation ability and as nanocarriers for drug-delivery applications. A focused library of dehydrodipeptides, containing N-terminal canonical amino acids (Phe, Tyr, Trp, Ala, Asp, Lys, Met) N-capped with naproxen and linked to a C-terminal dehydroaminoacid (ΔPhe, ΔAbu), were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities, as well as for their cytotoxicity to non-cancer cells, using a variety of enzymatic and cellular assays. All compounds except one were able to significantly inhibit lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme at a similar level to naproxen. One of the compounds 4 was able to inhibit the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to a greater extent than naproxen, without inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), and therefore is a potential lead in the search for selective COX-2 inhibitors. This hydrogelator is a potential candidate for dual COX/LOX inhibition as an optimised strategy for treating inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (P.V.); (P.B.A.)
| | - Peter J. Jervis
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (P.M.T.F.); (J.A.M.)
| | - André Carvalho
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (P.M.T.F.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Paula M. T. Ferreira
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (P.M.T.F.); (J.A.M.)
| | - José A. Martins
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (P.M.T.F.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (P.V.); (P.B.A.)
| | - Paula B. Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (P.V.); (P.B.A.)
| | - David M. Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.M.); (P.V.); (P.B.A.)
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ProTargetMiner as a proteome signature library of anticancer molecules for functional discovery. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5715. [PMID: 31844049 PMCID: PMC6915695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Deconvolution of targets and action mechanisms of anticancer compounds is fundamental in drug development. Here, we report on ProTargetMiner as a publicly available expandable proteome signature library of anticancer molecules in cancer cell lines. Based on 287 A549 adenocarcinoma proteomes affected by 56 compounds, the main dataset contains 7,328 proteins and 1,307,859 refined protein-drug pairs. These proteomic signatures cluster by compound targets and action mechanisms. The targets and mechanistic proteins are deconvoluted by partial least square modeling, provided through the website http://protargetminer.genexplain.com. For 9 molecules representing the most diverse mechanisms and the common cancer cell lines MCF-7, RKO and A549, deep proteome datasets are obtained. Combining data from the three cell lines highlights common drug targets and cell-specific differences. The database can be easily extended and merged with new compound signatures. ProTargetMiner serves as a chemical proteomics resource for the cancer research community, and can become a valuable tool in drug discovery. Anticancer drugs often have widespread effects on the cellular proteome. Here, the authors generate a proteome signature library of drug-treated cancer cell lines and develop a software tool to deconvolute drug targets and gain insights into their mechanisms of action.
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Spochacz M, Chowański S, Walkowiak-Nowicka K, Szymczak M, Adamski Z. Plant-Derived Substances Used Against Beetles-Pests of Stored Crops and Food-and Their Mode of Action: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1339-1366. [PMID: 33350162 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plants are sources of numerous active substances that are used to protect crops. Currently, due to the limitations of using synthetic insecticides, plant products have attracted increasing attention as possible pesticides. In this review, we discuss some of the most interesting plant products (for example, Solanaceae, or Asteraceae extracts, Artemisia absinthium or Citrus spp. essential oils, and single compounds like α-chaconine, or α-solanine) that exhibit insecticidal activity against beetles that are pests of stored food products. Next, we describe and discuss the mode of action of these products, including lethal and sublethal effects, such as antifeedant or neurotoxic activity, ultrastructural malformation, and effects on prooxidant/antioxidant balance. Furthermore, the methods of application of plant-derived substances in food storage areas are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Spochacz
- Dept. of Animal Physiology and Development, Inst. of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz Univ. in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Szymon Chowański
- Dept. of Animal Physiology and Development, Inst. of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz Univ. in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Karolina Walkowiak-Nowicka
- Dept. of Animal Physiology and Development, Inst. of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz Univ. in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Monika Szymczak
- Dept. of Animal Physiology and Development, Inst. of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz Univ. in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Adamski
- Dept. of Animal Physiology and Development, Inst. of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz Univ. in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, Poznań, 61-614, Poland.,Electron and Confocal Microscope Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz Univ. in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 89, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
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Tomatidine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis in C 2C 12 myoblasts via ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 444:17-25. [PMID: 29196971 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of tomatidine on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts. TNF-α treatment increased cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Pretreatment of cells with 10 μM tomatidine prevented TNF-α-induced apoptosis, caspase 3 cleavage, and PARP cleavage. Cells were treated with 100 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h, and flow cytometry was utilized to assess apoptosis using annexin-V and 7-aminoactinomycin D. TNF-α up-regulated activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression. This effect was suppressed by pretreatment with tomatidine. Pretreatment with 4-phenylbutyric acid (a chemical chaperone) also inhibited TNF-α-induced cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP and up-regulation of ATF4 and CHOP expression. In addition, tomatidine-mediated inhibition of phosphorylation of c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) attenuated TNF-α-induced cleavage of PARP and caspase 3. However, tomatidine did not affect NF-κB activation in TNF-α-treated C2C12 myoblast cells. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that tomatidine attenuates TNF-α-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of CHOP expression and inhibition of JNK activation.
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Videira RA, Andrade PB, Monteiro LS, Valentão P, Ferreira PMT, Pereira DM. Toxicity and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of α,β-dehydroamino acids against human cancer cell lines. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:26-37. [PMID: 29107685 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A library of N-protected dehydroamino acids, namely dehydroalanine, dehydroaminobutyric acid and dehydrophenylalanine derivatives, was screened in three human cancer cell lines [(lung (A549), gastric (AGS) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y)] in order to characterize their toxicological profile and identify new molecules with potential anticancer activity. Results showed N-protected dehydrophenylalanine and dehydroaminobutyric acid derivatives have no or low toxicity for all tested cell lines. The N-protected dehydroalanines exhibit significant toxic effects and the AGS and SH-SY5Y cells were significantly more vulnerable than A549 cells. Four α,β-dehydroalanine derivatives, with IC50<62.5μM, were selected to investigate the pathways by which these compounds promote cell death. All compounds, at their IC50 concentrations, were able to induce apoptosis in both AGS and SH-SY5Y cell lines. In both cell lines, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was found and caspase activity was increased, namely endoplasmic reticulum-resident caspase-4 in AGS cells and caspase-3/7 in SH-SY5Y cells. When evaluated in a non-cancer cell line, the molecules displayed no to low toxicity, thus suggesting some degree of selectivity for cancer cells. The results indicate that α,β-dehydroalanine derivatives can be considered a future resource of compounds able to work as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeu A Videira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No 228, 4050-213 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No 228, 4050-213 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís S Monteiro
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No 228, 4050-213 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula M T Ferreira
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No 228, 4050-213 Porto, Portugal.
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