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AlAnazi MM, Ventura EF, Lovegrove JA, Vimaleswaran KS. A Systematic Review of the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Arab Populations. Nutrients 2024; 16:2519. [PMID: 39125399 PMCID: PMC11314532 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of metabolic diseases in the Arab countries is mainly associated with genetic susceptibility, lifestyle behaviours, such as physical inactivity, and an unhealthy diet. The objective of this review was to investigate and summarise the findings of the gene-lifestyle interaction studies on metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes in Arab populations. Relevant articles were retrieved from a literature search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar starting at the earliest indexing date through to January 2024. Articles that reported an interaction between gene variants and diet or physical activity were included and excluded if no interaction was investigated or if they were conducted among a non-Arab population. In total, five articles were included in this review. To date, among three out of twenty-two Arab populations, fourteen interactions have been found between the FTO rs9939609, TCF7L2 rs7903146, MC4R rs17782313, and MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphisms and diet or physical activity on obesity and type 2 diabetes outcomes. The majority of the reported gene-diet/ gene-physical activity interactions (twelve) appeared only once in the review. Consequently, replication, comparisons, and generalisation of the findings are limited due to the sample size, study designs, dietary assessment tools, statistical analysis, and genetic heterogeneity of the studied sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. AlAnazi
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (M.M.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Eduard Flores Ventura
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology—Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (M.M.A.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (M.M.A.); (J.A.L.)
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
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Rahimi MR, Symonds ME. Effect of FTO genotype on exercise training and diet-indued weight loss in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39054902 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2382346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Our meta-analysis, encompassing 30 studies with 46,976 subjects, aimed to explore the impact of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) genotypes on weight response to exercise and dietary interventions in overweight and obese adults. Electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were searched from 2020 to September 2023 to identify relevant studies. Results revealed a significant reduction in body weight among individuals with the FTO risk allele following exercise and diet interventions (standardized mean difference [SMD] = - 0.619, 95% CI: - 1.137, - 0.100; p = .01). When examining FTO variants, both AA (SMD = - 0.148, 95% CI: - 0.282, - 0.014, p = .03, I2 = 24.96) and TA genotypes (SMD = - 0.674, 95% CI: - 1.162, - 0.186, p = .007, I2 = 91.12) showed significant weight reduction compared to the TT genotype. Moreover, individuals with the high-risk genotype AA + TT achieved greater weight loss compared to those with the normal-risk genotype TT (SMD = - 0.419, 95% CI: - 0.655, -0.183, p = .0001, I2 = 92.08) in the dominant genetic model. Subgroup analysis indicated that FTO risk allele carriers (AA + AT) with exercise interventions lasting six months and a body mass index of 25 - 29 experienced greater weight loss compared to TT carriers. These findings emphasize the importance of genetic considerations in weight management interventions and suggest personalized approaches for combating obesity. Further clinical trials are warranted to validate our study's findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Rana S, Nawaz H. Interactive effects of FTO rs9939609 and obesogenic behavioral factors on adiposity-related anthropometric and metabolic phenotypes. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36815570 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2182886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerous genetic variants have been linked to obesity predisposition, however, the interplay of genetic and behavioral factors is very crucial in determining the final phenotype. Therefore, this study examined the interactive effects of the FTO rs9939609 and various obesogenic behavioral factors on adiposity-related anthropometric and metabolic phenotypes in a sample of Pakistani population. A total of 612 participants encompassing 306 overweight/obese (cases) and an equal number (306) of age- and sex-matched normal-weight (controls) individuals were included in the study. Adiposity-related anthropometric parameters were collected by taking corresponding body measurements by following standard procedures. The metabolic parameters were assessed by performing corresponding biochemical assays. A standard questionnaire was devised for the collection of adiposity-related behavioral information. The FTO rs9939609 was genotyped by employing TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. The data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Interactive effects of the FTO rs9939609 and behavioral factors on obesity-related anthropometric and metabolic phenotypes were examined via linear regression by adjusting potential confounders and making correction for multiple comparisons. The results implied that the interaction between the FTO rs9939609 and low physical activity may significantly increase various adiposity-related anthropometric variables (p < 0.05). However, no such interactive effects were found on any adiposity-related metabolic variable. In conclusion, the interaction between the FTO rs9939609 and low physical activity may have a significant impact on obesity-related anthropometric traits in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Rana
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Hina Nawaz
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Kim OY, Park J, Lee J, Sohn C, Yoon MO, Lee M. Minor alleles in the FTO SNPs contributed to the increased risk of obesity among Korean adults: meta-analysis from nationwide big data-based studies. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:62-72. [PMID: 36777800 PMCID: PMC9884590 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.1.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Many studies have revealed an association between fat mass and the obesity-related gene (FTO) and obesity. On the other hand, no meta-analysis was conducted with data from only Koreans. Therefore, this study performed a meta-analysis using Korean data to provide evidence for the association between FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of obesity among Korean adults. SUBJECT/METHODS Meta-analysis was finally conducted with data extracted from seven datasets of four studies performed on Korean adults after the screening passed. Five kinds of FTO SNPs (rs9939609, rs7193144, rs9940128, rs8050136, and rs9926289) were included, and the relationship between FTO SNPs and body mass index (BMI) was investigated using linear regression with an additive model adjusted for covariants, such as age, sex, and area. RESULTS The minor alleles of FTO SNPs were associated with increased BMI (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-1.42). In sub-group analysis, FTO rs9939609 T>A was significantly associated with BMI (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06-1.42). The other FTO SNPs together were significantly associated with BMI (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.25-1.49). The publication bias was not observed based on Egger's test. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis showed that minor alleles in the FTO SNPs were significantly associated with an increased BMI among Korean adults. This meta-analysis is the first to demonstrate that minor alleles in the FTO SNPs contribute significantly to the increased risk of obesity among Korean adults using data from a Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.,Department of Health Science, Graduates School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Jihyun Park
- Department of Health Science, Graduates School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Jounghee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea
| | - Cheongmin Sohn
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Mi Ock Yoon
- Nutrition Information Center, Korean Nutrition Society, Seoul 04376, Korea
| | - Myoungsook Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Bio-Health Convergence, Health & Wellness College, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Korea
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Evans C, Curtis J, Antonio J. FTO and Anthropometrics: The Role of Modifiable Factors. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7040090. [PMID: 36278751 PMCID: PMC9589926 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous gene variants are linked to an individual's propensity to become overweight or obese. The most commonly studied gene variant is the FTO single nucleotide polymorphism. The FTO risk allele is linked with increased body mass, BMI and other lifestyle factors that may perpetuate an individual's risk for obesity. Studies assessing eating behaviors, eating preferences, nutrition interventions and other lifestyle factors were reviewed. These studies demonstrated a clear difference in eating behaviors and preferences. Lifestyle modifications including physical activity and diet were effective in weight management even in those with the risk allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Evans
- Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33314, USA
- Healthy Sciences, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT 84606, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-954-709-4929
| | - Jason Curtis
- Exercise Science, Keiser University, West Palm Beach, FL 33411, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33314, USA
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FTO Common Obesity SNPs Interact with Actionable Environmental Factors: Physical Activity, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Wine Consumption. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194202. [PMID: 36235854 PMCID: PMC9572787 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic background is estimated to play >50% in common obesity etiology. FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are strongly associated with BMI, typically in European cohorts. We investigated the interaction of common FTO SNPs with actionable environmental factors, namely physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and wine consumption, and verified FTO common SNPs predisposition to obesity in the Israeli population. Adults’ (>18 years old, n = 1720) FTO common SNPs data and lifestyle and nutrition habits questionnaires were analyzed using binary logistic regression models, adjusted for confounding variables (age, sex) assuming dominant, recessive and additive genetic models. Eighteen FTO SNPs were associated with significant increased obesity risk and interacted with physical activity (p < 0.001), wine consumption (p < 0.014) and SSB consumption (p < 0.01). Inactive rs9939609 risk-allele carriers had significantly higher obesity risk compared to their active counterparts (OR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.91−3.39 and OR = 3.77, 95% CI 2.47−5.75; p < 0.001 with 3.1 and 3.5 BMI increment for heterozygotes and homozygotes, respectively). SSB consumption (≥1 serving/day) significantly raised obesity risk and wine consumption (1−3 drinks/weekly) significantly lowered obesity risk for rs9939609 risk-allele carriers (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.05−2.27; p = 0.028 and OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.47−0.79; p < 0.001, respectively). Our findings demonstrate that actionable lifestyle factors modify the common FTO obesity risk in predisposed carriers, and they have personal and public health implications.
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Maculewicz E, Leońska-Duniec A, Mastalerz A, Szarska E, Garbacz A, Lepionka T, Łakomy R, Anyżewska A, Bertrandt J. The Influence of FTO, FABP2, LEP, LEPR, and MC4R Genes on Obesity Parameters in Physically Active Caucasian Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106030. [PMID: 35627568 PMCID: PMC9141290 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex multifactorial abnormality that has a well-confirmed genetic basis. However, the problem still lies in identifying the polymorphisms linked to body mass and composition. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze associations between FTO (rs9939609), FABP2 (rs1799883), and LEP (rs2167270), LEPR (rs1137101), and MC4R (rs17782313) polymorphisms and obesity-related parameters. Unrelated Caucasian males (n = 165) were recruited. All participants had similar physical activity levels. The participants were divided into two groups depending on their body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI). All samples were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). When tested individually, only one statistically significant result was found. The FTO A/T polymorphism was significantly associated with FMI (p = 0.01). The chance of having increased FMI was >2-fold higher for the FTO A allele carriers (p < 0.01). Gene−gene interaction analyses showed the additional influence of all investigated genes on BMI and FMI. In summary, it was demonstrated that harboring the FTO A allele might be a risk factor for elevated fat mass. Additionally, this study confirmed that all five polymorphisms are involved in the development of common obesity in the studied population and the genetic risk of obesity is linked to the accumulation of numerous variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Maculewicz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Agata Leońska-Duniec
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Mastalerz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Szarska
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland; (E.S.); (T.L.); (R.Ł.)
| | - Aleksandra Garbacz
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Lepionka
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland; (E.S.); (T.L.); (R.Ł.)
| | - Roman Łakomy
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland; (E.S.); (T.L.); (R.Ł.)
| | - Anna Anyżewska
- University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Bertrandt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biala Podlaska, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland;
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Impact of the DRD2 Polymorphisms on the Effectiveness of the Training Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19094942. [PMID: 35564336 PMCID: PMC9101192 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine receptor D2 gene (DRD2) polymorphisms have been associated with cognitive abilities, obesity, addictions, and physical-activity-related behaviors, which may underlie differences in the effectiveness of training programs. What is not yet clear is the impact of DRD2 polymorphisms on the effectiveness of exercise programs. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the DRD2 polymorphic sites (rs1076560, rs12364283, rs1799732, rs1800497, and rs1800498) and the body's response to regular physical activity. We studied genotypes and haplotypes distribution in a group of 165 females measured for body mass and body composition measurements, lipid profile, and glucose levels before and after realization of a 12-week training program. When tested individually, statistical analyses revealed one significant genotype by training interaction under the general model (for the basal metabolic rate, BMR, p = 0.033). Carriers of the rs1076560 CC genotype exhibited a decrease in BMR in response to training (p = 0.006). Haplotype analyses also showed that (i) the CACCC and CACTT haplotypes were associated with a post-training decrease in glucose level (β = -4.11, p = 0.032; β = -6.86, p = 0.020, respectively); (ii) the CGCCT with an increase in BMR (β = 0.65, p = 0.003) and fat free mass (FFM, β = 1.20, p = 0.009); (iii) the CA-CT with a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL, β = -17.26, p = 0.046). These results provide some evidence that the DRD2 polymorphisms may play a role in post-training changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and, as a consequence, in the effectiveness of training programs.
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Ramírez V, Robles-Aguilera V, Salcedo-Bellido I, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Rodrigo L, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Monteagudo C, Álvarez-Cubero MJ, Rivas A. Effects of genetic polymorphisms in body mass index according to dietary exposure to bisphenols and parabens. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133421. [PMID: 34958792 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports that more than 900 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenols and parabens, are important contributors to the development of obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the way in which fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) rs9939609 and leptin receptor (LEPR) rs9436303 variants contribute to variability in body mass index (BMI) according to estimated dietary exposure of bisphenols and parabens. This cross-sectional study included 101 Spanish participants (16-24 years). SNP genotyping assays were performed through quantitative PCRs (qPCRs) using Taqman® probes. Dietary exposure to bisphenols and parabens was calculated from food frequency questionnaire and chemical determination in food samples by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. Linear regression models were conducted to address the association of genetic variants and BMI according to levels of bisphenols/parabens exposure. Risk G allele of LEPR rs9436303 was significantly positively associated with BMI (exp (β) = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04-1.38, p = 0.011). In participants highly exposed to bisphenols, the LEPR rs9436303 G allele was related to a significant increased BMI (exp (β) = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03-1.57, p = 0.024). A more relevant trend was observed with high exposure to parabens (exp (β) = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.08-1.63, p = 0.009). We provide the first evidence that interaction between LEPR polymorphism and dietary intake of bisphenols and parabens may be responsible for an increased BMI, suggesting a potential effect in obesity. Moreover, we proposed LEPR rs9436303 as a genetic marker of susceptibility to excess weight induced by exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Ramírez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain; GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Robles-Aguilera
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 5, 2809, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Celia Monteagudo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Álvarez-Cubero
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, University of Granada, Faculty of Medicine, PTS, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Wang W, Yang K, Wang S, Zhang J, Shi Y, Zhang H, Jin D, Gu R, Zeng Q, Hua Q. The sex-specific influence of FTO genotype on exercise intervention for weight loss in adult with obesity. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1926-1931. [PMID: 34478346 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1976843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of exercise on weight loss varies significantly among individuals, and genes play a critical role. This study aims to explore whether the FTO gene variant (rs8050136) affects the influence of exercise on weight. The study initially recruited 240 Han Chinese adults with obesity, and 178 of them (101 men, 77 women, aged from 21 to 60) completed a 12-week moderate aerobic exercise programme. The participants were genotyped and obesity-related data were collected before and after the intervention. The intensity and the amount of exercise were precisely monitored. After the intervention, most obesity-related parameters of the participants showed a significant decrease. For muscle and lean body mass, significant change was only observed in males (P < 0.001) but not females (P = 0.205, P = 0.200 respectively). Importantly, for weight and BMI loss, we observed a genotype-by-gender interaction (P = 0.041, P = 0.042 respectively, adjusted for age, exercise time and baseline value). In the further analysis, after stratified for gender, the exercise-induced weight loss (P = 0.008), BMI loss (P = 0.010), muscle mass loss (P = 0.005) and lean body mass loss (P = 0.004) showed greater decrease in male subjects carrying at least one A allele compared to non-carriers. In conclusion, our study suggests that in Han Chinese population with obesity, carrying "obese risk gene" FTO (rs8050136) does not lead to the resistance to weight management intervention. More importantly, in male subjects, carrying FTO risk allele would even lose more weight than non-carriers after exercise intervention.Highlights For Han Chinese adults with obesity, carrying "obese risk gene" FTO could still achieve weight loss through exercise.Males carrying FTO risk allele would lose more weight than non-carriers after a 12-weeks exercise programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- The Second Medical Center, Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujie Wang
- Capital Bio Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Shi
- The Second Medical Center, Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Danping Jin
- Capital Bio Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoxi Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- The Second Medical Center, Health Management Institute, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Hua
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Brand C, Sehn AP, Todendi PF, de Moura Valim AR, Mattevi VS, García-Hermoso A, Reis Gaya A, Reuter CP. The genetic predisposition to obesity has no influence on waist circumference when screen time and sleep duration are adequate in children and adolescents. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1757-1764. [PMID: 34365898 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1964609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to verify whether the amount of sleep duration, screen time, and physical activity moderate the relationship between FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and waist circumference (WC) in children and adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 1338 children and adolescents, aged between 6 and 17 years. Lifestyle habits were assessed through self-reported questionnaire. WC was measured on the narrowest part of the trunk between the last rib and the iliac crest. FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was genotyped by real time polymerase chain reaction. The PROCESS macro for the SPSS was used for moderation analyses, through multiple linear regression models. Results indicated significant interactions were found between sleep duration and screen time X FTO rs9939609, showing that these lifestyle behaviours are moderators in the relationship between a genetic predisposition for obesity and higher WC. For physical activity, there was no significant interaction. Therefore, sleeping more than 564 min a day (i.e. 9.4 h) and spending no more than 233 min in front of screen may counteract the genetic predisposition to obesity in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Brand
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sehn
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Ferreira Todendi
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Suñé Mattevi
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Antônio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
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Kumar SU, Rajan B, Kumar DT, Cathryn RH, Das S, Zayed H, Emmanuel Jebaraj Walter C, Ramanathan G, Priya Doss C G. Comparison of potential inhibitors and targeting fat mass and obesity-associated protein causing diabesity through docking and molecular dynamics strategies. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1625-1638. [PMID: 34289159 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified an association between polymorphisms in the FTO gene and obesity. The FTO: rs9939609, an intronic variant, is considered a risk allele for developing diabesity in homozygous and heterozygous forms. This study aimed to investigate the molecular structure of the available inhibitors specific to the FTO mutations along with the rs9939609 variant. We identified the best-suited inhibitor molecules for each mutant type containing the rs9939609 risk allele. Missense mutations unique to obesity and containing the risk allele of rs9939609 were retrieved from dbSNP for this study. Further stability testing for the mutations were carried out using DynaMut and iStable tools. Three mutations (G187A, M223V, and I492V) were highly destabilizing the FTO structure. These three mutants and native FTO were docked with each of the nine-inhibitor molecules collected from literature studies with the help of PyRx and AutoDock. Further structural behavior of the mutants and native FTO were identified with molecular dynamics simulations and MM-PBSA analyses, along with the 19complex inhibitor compound. We found the compound 19complex exhibited better binding interactions and is the top candidate inhibitor for the M223V and I492V mutants. This study provided insights into the structural changes caused due to mutations in FTO, and the binding mechanism of the inhibitor molecules. It could aid in developing antiobesity drugs for treating patients with mutations and risk alleles predisposing to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Udhaya Kumar
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bithia Rajan
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Thirumal Kumar
- Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Hephzibah Cathryn
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samprita Das
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Charles Emmanuel Jebaraj Walter
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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FABP2 Ala54Thr Polymorphism and Post-Training Changes of Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Caucasian Women. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070954. [PMID: 34206471 PMCID: PMC8305881 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism (rs1799883) is strongly associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, although the function of its potential modifying effect on training-induced changes in obesity-related parameters is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the Ala54Thr polymorphism on post-training changes of selected body mass and body composition measurements, as well as with biochemical parameters of energy metabolism. Accordingly, alleles and genotypes distribution in a group of 168 young, nonobese Caucasian women measured for chosen body composition parameters, lipid profile, and glucose levels before and after the completion of a 12-week aerobic training program were studied. Although the obtained results showed changes in body mass, BMI, FM, %FM, FFM, TBW, HDL-C, and glucose levels during the training program, none of the examined parameters changed significantly across the FABP2 genotypes. Instead, we found a main effect of genotype on BMI (p = 0.033), with carriers of the Thr54 allele having a higher BMI during the whole study period compared with the Ala54 carriers. We confirm that the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism may help identify women at risk for overweight and obesity. However, we did not notice evidence of an interaction between physical activity and the Ala54Thr polymorphism on the examined parameters.
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Zmijewski P, Leońska-Duniec A. Association between the FTO A/T Polymorphism and Elite Athlete Status in Caucasian Swimmers. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:715. [PMID: 34064570 PMCID: PMC8151273 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The FTO A/T polymorphism (rs9939609) has been strongly associated with body mass-related traits in nonathletic populations, but rarely with elite athletic performance. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the A/T polymorphism and athlete status in elite swimmers. Polish swimmers (n = 196) who competed in national and international competition at short- (SDS; 50-200 m; n = 147) and long-distance events (LDS; ≥400 m; n = 49) were recruited. The control group included 379 unrelated, sedentary young participants. The participants were all Caucasians. Genotyping was carried out using real-time PCR. It was found that the chance of being an elite swimmer was lower in carriers of the AT and AA genotype compared with TT homozygotes (1.5 and 2.0 times, respectively). These findings were confirmed in an allelic association; the A allele was less frequent in the swimmers compared with controls (p = 0.004). However, when SDS were compared against LDS, no significant differences were observed in genotypic and allelic distribution. The results of our experiment suggest that the variation within the FTO gene can affect elite athlete status. It was demonstrated that harboring the T allele may be beneficial for achieving success in a sport such as swimming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zmijewski
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Leońska-Duniec
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
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15
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Ali EMM, Diab T, Elsaid A, Abd El Daim HA, Elshazli RM, Settin A. Fat mass and obesity-associated ( FTO) and leptin receptor ( LEPR) gene polymorphisms in Egyptian obese subjects. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:28-36. [PMID: 30767572 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1573841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies addressed the contribution of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) and leptin receptor (LEPR) polymorphisms for the susceptibility to obesity among different ethnic subjects. The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the association of these polymorph\isms with obesity among Egyptian subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This case-control study was carried out on 110 unrelated obese Egyptian subjects who were compared with 122 controls. Their genomic DNA was genotyped using the PCR technique. RESULTS The allelic frequencies of FTO rs9939609 (A) and LEPR rs1137101 (223R) were significantly higher in obese subjects compared with non-obese controls (p < .001). Comparing different phenotype frequencies including clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters in obese subjects revealed no significant difference in relation to their genotype frequencies (p> .05). CONCLUSIONS This study designates a strong association for FTO and LEPR variants with the risk of obesity among Egyptian subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M M Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thoria Diab
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Afaf Elsaid
- Genetic Unit, Children Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hamada A Abd El Daim
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rami M Elshazli
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Physical Therapy, Horus University - Egypt (HUE), New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Settin
- Genetic Unit, Children Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Cho HW, Jin HS, Eom YB. The interaction between FTO rs9939609 and physical activity is associated with a 2-fold reduction in the risk of obesity in Korean population. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23489. [PMID: 32865273 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene is a well-known genetic risk factor for obesity. We investigated whether physical activity modulates the effect of FTO rs9939609 on obesity in Korean population. METHODS The study analyzed the correlation between physical activity and obesity in 8840 individuals representing the Korea Association Resource (KARE). The association between obesity-related traits and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was assessed using linear regression models. Physical activity was defined as 3 hours or more of daily intense activity. RESULTS Participants carrying rs9939609 (AT+AA) genotypes showed higher BMI compared with those carrying the wild-type (TT) homozygote. The highest significant association was observed between obesity-related traits (ß = .334, P value = 1.76 × 10-6 ). FTO rs9939609 (AT+AA) increased the risk of obesity (OR = 1.42, CI [1.13-1.79]), which was correlated with BMI correlations. However, active exercise by subjects carrying the same genotype reduced the risk of obesity by nearly 2-fold (OR = 0.62, CI [0.25-0.84]). In contrast, TT genotype was not statistically significant in reducing the risk of obesity in the active exercise group. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a previous finding correlating FTO and obesity-related traits and suggest that the interaction with genetic variation and physical activity is an important risk factor for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Cho
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Jin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Eom
- Department of Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
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Role of Non-coding RNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:181-195. [PMID: 32285412 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic population worldwide, characteristic by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis and myocardial interstitial fibrosis and eventually developing into heart failure. Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and other RNAs without the protein encoding function were emerging as a popular regulator in various types of processes during human diseases. The evidences have shown that miRNAs are regulators in diabetic cardiomyopathy, such as insulin resistance, cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and inflammatory, especially their protective effect on heart function. Besides that, the functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs have been gradually confirmed in recent years, and their functions in DCM have become increasingly prominent. We highlighted the nonnegligible roles of non-coding RNAs in the pathological process of DCM and showed the future possibilities of these non-coding RNAs in DCM treatment. In this chapter, we summarized the present advance of the researches in this filed and raised the concern and the prospect in the future.
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Katus U, Villa I, Ringmets I, Vaht M, Mäestu E, Mäestu J, Veidebaum T, Harro J. Association of FTO rs1421085 with obesity, diet, physical activity, and socioeconomic status: A longitudinal birth cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:948-959. [PMID: 32402589 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) variants are among genetic variants frequently associated with obesity. We analyzed the association between FTO rs1421085 polymorphism and obesity, dietary intake, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity, and socioeconomic status (SES) from the age of 9-25 years. METHODS AND RESULTS The sample included both birth cohorts (originally n = 1176) of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study. The association between FTO rs1421085 and obesity, dietary intake, CRF, physical activity, and SES from the age of 15-25 years was assessed using linear mixed-effects regression models. Associations at ages 9 (younger cohort only), 15, 18, and 25 years were assessed by one-way ANOVA. Male C-allele carriers had significantly (p < 0.05) higher body mass index (BMI), sum of 5 skinfolds, body fat percentage, and hip circumference from the age of 15-25 years. Findings were similar at the age of 9 years. In female subjects, waist-to-hip ratio was significantly greater in CC homozygotes. Interestingly, female CC homozygotes had a greater decrease in the rate of change in daily energy intake and lipid intake per year and higher physical activity score at every fixed time point. Moreover, in females, an effect of FTO × SES interaction on measures of obesity was observed. CONCLUSION The FTO rs1421085 polymorphism was associated with obesity and abdominal obesity from childhood to young adulthood in males, and with abdominal obesity from adolescence to young adulthood in females. This association is rather related to differences in adipocyte energy metabolism than lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmeli Katus
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Inga Villa
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Inge Ringmets
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mariliis Vaht
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jarek Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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19
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AMPD1 C34T Polymorphism (rs17602729) Is Not Associated with Post-Exercise Changes of Body Weight, Body Composition, and Biochemical Parameters in Caucasian Females. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050558. [PMID: 32429460 PMCID: PMC7288308 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The C34T polymorphism (rs 17602729) in adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 gene (AMPD1) is associated with muscular energy metabolism in exercise. However, the role of its potential modifying impact on exercise-induced changes in obesity related parameters is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine if the C34T polymorphism influences the effects of an exercise training. Methods: This study examines a group of one hundred and sixty-eight, young, non-obese Caucasian women in Poland who took part in a 12-week aerobic training program to determine the impact of allele and genotype distribution on training outcomes. Results: A two-way analysis of variance ANOVA was conducted assuming a dominant model by pooling rare homozygotes and heterozygotes (TT + CT, n = 79) and comparing against common homozygotes (CC, n = 89). Our results showed that the AMPD1 C34T polymorphism was not related with selected parameters in study group. After completing the 12-week training program, a wide array of parameters (body mass, body mass index, fat mass, free fat mass, total body water) were significantly changed in the study participants with the exception of AMPD1 genotypes, among whom no significant changes were observed. Conclusions: The results did not confirm that harboring the rs 17602729 T allele influences the effects of the training program.
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Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is one of the common pathological conditions of human, which occurs due to lipid metabolism disorder in the human body, resulting in serum lipid concentration beyond normal levels. Due to heredity, diet, nutrition, medicine, and other factors, the incidence of hyperlipidemia has been significantly enhanced and has become one of the most common pathological condition of the human. By introducing the background and pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia and the positive effects of exercise on a variety of related diseases, this chapter discusses the relationship between exercise and serum lipid concentration and the effects of different types of exercise on hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana He
- Department of Cardiology, Huamei Hospital, (Previously Named Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Honghua Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Huamei Hospital, (Previously Named Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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Association of the TNF- α -308G/A polymorphism with lipid profile changes in response to aerobic training program. Biol Sport 2019; 36:291-296. [PMID: 31624424 PMCID: PMC6786320 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2019.85456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene is associated with obesity-related traits, although the role of its potential modifying effect on changes in obesity-related parameters achieved through a training program is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism (rs1800629) influences the effects of a training program. Accordingly, we studied the alleles and genotypes distribution in a group of 168 Polish Caucasian women measured for selected body mass and composition, as well as biochemical parameters before and after the realization of a 12-week aerobic training program. Our results showed that TNF-α genotypes can modulate training-induced biochemical parameter changes such as lipid profile. We demonstrated that carriers of the GG genotype are associated with decreases in post-training high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p<0.001). Additionally, we revealed that participants with the GG genotype had a higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level (p=0.046) during the entire study period. It could be concluded that harboring the GG genotype of rs1800629 may be considered to be a disadvantageous factor in the context of training-induced effects on lipid profile changes in young female participants.
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22
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Antonio J, Knafo S, Kenyon M, Ali A, Carson C, Ellerbroek A, Weaver C, Roberts J, Peacock CA, Tartar JL. Assessment of the FTO gene polymorphisms (rs1421085, rs17817449 and rs9939609) in exercise-trained men and women: the effects of a 4-week hypocaloric diet. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:36. [PMID: 31477138 PMCID: PMC6719365 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Variations in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) are associated with obesity; however, it is unclear if changes in energy intake affect the adaptive response to caloric restriction in those with risk variants. The three FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1421085, rs17817449 and rs9939609, are in strong linkage disequilibrium. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of these FTO SNPs vis-à-vis the effects of a 4-week hypocaloric diet on body composition in exercise-trained men and women. Two salivary biomarkers that associate with energy expenditure were also assessed (cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase, sAA). Methods Forty-seven exercise-trained men (n = 11) and women (n = 36) (mean ± SD: age 32 ± 9 years; height 169 ± 8 cm, body mass index 24.5 ± 2.9 kg/m2, hours of aerobic training per week 4.9 ± 3.8, hours of weight training per week 3.9 ± 2.4, years of training experience 13.4 ± 7.0) completed a 4-week hypocaloric diet (i.e., decrease total calories by ~ 20–25% while maintaining a protein intake of ~ 2.0 g/kg/d). Subjects were instructed to maintain the same training regimen and to decrease energy intake via carbohydrate and/or fat restriction during the treatment period. Body composition was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Model: Hologic Horizon W; Hologic Inc., Danbury CT USA). Total body water was determined via a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance (BIA) device (InBody 770). Saliva samples were collected pre and post intervention in order to genotype the participants as well as to determine the concentrations of cortisol and sAA. Results Of the 47 subjects, 15 were of normal risk for obesity whereas 32 were carriers of the FTO gene risk alleles. Subjects were grouped based on their genotype for the three FTO SNPs (i.e., rs1421085, rs17817449 and rs9939609) due to their strong linkage disequilibrium. We have classified those with the normal obesity risk as “non-risk allele” versus those that carry the “risk allele” (i.e., both heterozygous and homozygous). Both groups experienced a significant decrease in total energy intake (p < 0.01); non-risk allele: pre kcal 2081 ± 618, post kcal 1703 ± 495; risk allele: pre kcal 1886 ± 515, post kcal 1502 ± 366). Both groups lost a significant amount of body weight (p < 0.01); however, there was no difference between groups for the change (post minus pre) in each group (risk allele change: − 1.0 ± 1.2 kg, non-risk allele change: − 1.2 ± 1.4 kg). Additionally, both groups lost a significant amount of fat mass (p < 0.01) with no differences between groups for the change in fat mass (risk allele change for fat mass: 1.1 ± 0.7 kg, non-risk allele change − 0.9 ± 0.4 kg). There were no significant changes in either group for fat free mass or total body water. The change in salivary alpha-amylase or cortisol was not different between groups. Conclusions In the short-term (i.e., 4 weeks), exercise-trained men and women consuming a hypocaloric diet that is relatively high in protein experience similar changes in body composition due exclusively to a decrement in fat mass and independent of FTO allele status. Therefore, weight and fat loss on a hypocaloric diet is, at least in the short-term, unaffected by the FTO gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio
- Exercise and Sport Science, Nova Southeastern University, 3401 South University Drive, Davie, FL, 33328, USA.
| | - Sarah Knafo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, NSU Florida, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Madaline Kenyon
- Exercise and Sport Science, Nova Southeastern University, 3401 South University Drive, Davie, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Alina Ali
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, NSU Florida, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Cassandra Carson
- Exercise and Sport Science, Nova Southeastern University, 3401 South University Drive, Davie, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Anya Ellerbroek
- Exercise and Sport Science, Nova Southeastern University, 3401 South University Drive, Davie, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Cailey Weaver
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, NSU Florida, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Justin Roberts
- Cambridge Centre for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Corey A Peacock
- Exercise and Sport Science, Nova Southeastern University, 3401 South University Drive, Davie, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Jaime L Tartar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, NSU Florida, Davie, FL, USA
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Manco L, Pinho S, Albuquerque D, Machado‐Rodrigues AM, Padez C. Physical activity and the association between the
FTO
rs9939609 polymorphism and obesity in Portuguese children aged 3 to 11 years. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23312. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Licínio Manco
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Simão Pinho
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - David Albuquerque
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Aristides M. Machado‐Rodrigues
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
- High School of EducationPolytechnic Institute of Viseu Viseu Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
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24
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Maciejewska-Skrendo A, Buryta M, Czarny W, Król P, Stastny P, Petr M, Safranow K, Sawczuk M. The Polymorphisms of the Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptors' Alfa Gene Modify the Aerobic Training Induced Changes of Cholesterol and Glucose. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071043. [PMID: 31319591 PMCID: PMC6679124 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: PPARα is a transcriptional factor that controls the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, including fatty acid transport, uptake by the cells, intracellular binding, and activation, as well as catabolism (particularly mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) or storage. PPARA gene polymorphisms may be crucial for maintaining lipid homeostasis and in this way, being responsible for developing specific training-induced physiological reactions. Therefore, we have decided to check if post-training changes of body mass measurements as well as chosen biochemical parameters are modulation by the PPARA genotypes. Methods: We have examined the genotype and alleles’ frequencies (described in PPARA rs1800206 and rs4253778 polymorphic sites) in 168 female participants engaged in a 12-week training program. Body composition and biochemical parameters were measured before and after the completion of a whole training program. Results: Statistical analyses revealed that PPARA intron 7 rs4253778 CC genotype modulate training response by increasing low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and glucose concentration, while PPARA Leu162Val rs1800206 CG genotype polymorphism interacts in a decrease in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) concentration. Conclusions: Carriers of PPARA intron 7 rs4253778 CC genotype and Leu162Val rs1800206 CG genotype might have potential negative training-induced cholesterol and glucose changes after aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Maciejewska-Skrendo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Buryta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Czarny
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Pawel Król
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Petr Stastny
- Department of Sport Games, Faulty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162-52 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Petr
- Department of Sport Games, Faulty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162-52 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Sawczuk
- Unit of Physical Medicine, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
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Ficek K, Ciȩszczyk P, Leźnicka K, Kaczmarczyk M, Leońska-Duniec A. Novel Associations Between Interleukin-15 Polymorphisms and Post-training Changes of Body Composition Parameters in Young Nonobese Women. Front Physiol 2019; 10:876. [PMID: 31333506 PMCID: PMC6624729 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the important role of interleukin-15 (IL-15) in human metabolism and, in consequence, in body composition modulation, we examined whether rs1589241 and rs1057972 polymorphisms, analyzed individually or in combination, would influence the effects of a training program. Accordingly, we studied the allele and genotype distribution in a group of 163 young nonobese Caucasian women measured for selected body mass and composition, as well as biochemical parameters before and after the completion of a 12-week endurance training program. After a week-long familiarization stage, low-high impact aerobics were conducted three times a week for 60 min, at an increasing intensity from about 50 to 80% of HRmax. With reference to rs1057972 genotypes, there were two significant genotype × training interactions, in which (i) fat mass percentage (FM%) significantly decreased among the AA homozygotes (p = 0.00002) and AT heterozygotes (p = 0.00002), and (ii) fat free mass (FFM) increased only among the AT heterozygotes (p = 0.0003), whereas in the AA homozygotes there was only a borderline significance (p = 0.065). No genotype × training interactions were found for the second rs1589241 polymorphism. Moreover, the carriers of the[T;A] haplotype (when compared with reference haplotype) displayed significant decrease in FM% (p = 0.027) and increase in FFM (p = 0.014) in response to the applied training program. Our data highlight novel associations between specific IL-15 genotype and different post-training changes of FM% and FFM parameters. The results suggest that harboring the rs1057972 A allele and/or the [T;A] haplotype is favorable for achieving specific positive training-induced body composition changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Ficek
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Ciȩszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Leźnicka
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agata Leońska-Duniec
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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do Nascimento GA, Leite N, Furtado-Alle L, Teixeira MD, de Souza RLR, Milano GE, da Silva LR, Pizzi J, Lopes WA, Lopes MDFA, Titski ACK, Tureck LV. FTO rs9939609 Does Not Interact with Physical Exercise but Influences Basal Insulin Metabolism in Brazilian Overweight and Obese Adolescents. J Obes 2018; 2018:3134026. [PMID: 29854435 PMCID: PMC5944237 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3134026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The rs9939609 SNP (T > A) in FTO gene is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed at verifying whether this SNP influenced biochemical outcomes of children and adolescents who are overweight/obese submitted to a program of physical exercise and also if there was influence on basal levels of these biochemical variables. METHODS The sample was composed by 432 children and adolescents grouped in three ways (obese, overweight, and normal weight); of these, 135 children and adoloescents who are obese and overweight were submitted to a physical exercise program for 12 weeks. All were genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. RESULTS The children and adolescents who are overweight/obese and carriers of AA genotype had higher levels of insulin (p=0.03) and HOMA (p=0.007) and lower levels of glucose (p=0.003), but the SNP did not modulate the response to physical exercise. CONCLUSIONS In our study, the rs9939609 AA genotype was associated with parameters related to insulin metabolism but did not interact with physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Araujo do Nascimento
- Department of Genetics, Centro Politécnico, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos, 210 Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Neiva Leite
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Coração de Maria, 92 Jardim Botânico, 80215-370 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lupe Furtado-Alle
- Department of Genetics, Centro Politécnico, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos, 210 Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mayza Dalcin Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Centro Politécnico, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos, 210 Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lehtonen Rodrigues de Souza
- Department of Genetics, Centro Politécnico, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos, 210 Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gerusa Eisfeld Milano
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Coração de Maria, 92 Jardim Botânico, 80215-370 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rosa da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Coração de Maria, 92 Jardim Botânico, 80215-370 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pizzi
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Coração de Maria, 92 Jardim Botânico, 80215-370 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Wendell Arthur Lopes
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Aguiar Lopes
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Coração de Maria, 92 Jardim Botânico, 80215-370 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Kapp Titski
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Coração de Maria, 92 Jardim Botânico, 80215-370 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciane Viater Tureck
- Department of Genetics, Centro Politécnico, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Paraná, Francisco H. dos Santos, 210 Jardim das Américas, 81531-970 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Academic Department of Education, Federal University of Technology–Paraná, Av. Monteiro Lobato Km 04, 84016-210 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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FTO rs9939609 A allele influences anthropometric outcome in response to dietary intervention, but not in response to physical exercise program. Eur J Nutr 2017; 58:325-334. [PMID: 29238857 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is involved in energy homeostasis. The A allele of the rs9939609 (SNP; T>A) is associated with obesity and higher food intake, while its effect in energy expenditure remains unclear. The aim of this study is to examine whether FTO rs9939609 is associated with the anthropometric outcomes of a physical exercise program and a dietary intervention. METHODS We studied two independent samples. The first was composed by children and adolescents in which overweight and obese individuals were submitted to a physical exercise program (n = 136) and normal weight participants served as a control group (n = 172). The second sample was composed by obese women submitted to a hypocaloric dietary intervention (n = 126). RESULTS Physical exercise and dietary intervention were effective, independently of genotype. We found no association of FTO rs9939609 with obesity in children and adolescents (p = 0.67). The rs9939609 affected the response to dietary intervention in obese women: A allele carriers reduced 2.7 cm less of abdominal circumference (AC) than homozygous TT (p = 0.04), while no effect was observed in response to physical exercise in overweight and obese children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The A allele is associated with a worse outcome in response to the hypocaloric dietary intervention regarding abdominal circumference reduction; the same allele did not show interaction with any anthropometric outcomes in response to the exercise program applied.
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