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Sobiak J, Resztak M, Sikora W, Zachwieja J, Ostalska-Nowicka D. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide determination in saliva samples from children with nephrotic syndrome. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:600-611. [PMID: 38485859 PMCID: PMC11126467 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva sampling is one of the methods of therapeutic drug monitoring for mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its metabolite, mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPAG). The study describes the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method developed for saliva MPA and MPAG determination in children with nephrotic syndrome. METHODS The mobile phase consisted of methanol and water at gradient flow, both with 0.1% formic acid. Firstly, 100 µL of saliva was evaporated at 45 °C for 2 h to dryness, secondly, it was reconstituted in the mobile phase, and finally 10 µL was injected into the LC-MS/MS system. Saliva from ten children with nephrotic syndrome treated with mycophenolate mofetil was collected with Salivette®. RESULTS For MPA and MPAG, within the 2-500 ng/mL range, the method was selective, specific, accurate and precise within-run and between-run. No carry-over and matrix effects were observed. Stability tests showed that MPA and MPAG were stable in saliva samples if stored for 2 h at room temperature, 18 h at 4 °C, and at least 5 months at - 80 °C as well as after three freeze-thaw cycles, in a dry extract for 16 h at 4 °C, and for 8 h at 15 °C in the autosampler. The analytes were not adsorbed onto Salivette® cotton swabs. For concentrations above 500 ng/mL, the samples may be diluted twofold. In children, saliva MPA and MPAG were within the ranges of 4.6-531.8 ng/mL and 10.7-183.7 ng/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The evaluated LC-MS/MS method has met the validation requirements for saliva MPA and MPAG determination in children with nephrotic syndrome. Further studies are needed to explore plasma-saliva correlations and assess their potential contribution to MPA monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sobiak
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Matylda Resztak
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Weronika Sikora
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Zachwieja
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Danuta Ostalska-Nowicka
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Alsmadi MM. Salivary Therapeutic Monitoring of Buprenorphine in Neonates After Maternal Sublingual Dosing Guided by Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Ther Drug Monit 2024:00007691-990000000-00195. [PMID: 38366333 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy is associated with high mortality rates and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Buprenorphine, an opioid, is used to treat OUD and NOWS. Buprenorphine active metabolite (norbuprenorphine) can cross the placenta and cause neonatal respiratory depression (EC50 = 35 ng/mL) at high brain extracellular fluid (bECF) levels. Neonatal therapeutic drug monitoring using saliva decreases the likelihood of distress and infections associated with frequent blood sampling. METHODS An adult physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine after intravenous and sublingual administration was constructed, vetted, and scaled to newborn and pregnant populations. The pregnancy model predicted that buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine doses would be transplacentally transferred to the newborns. The newborn physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was used to estimate the buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine levels in newborn plasma, bECF, and saliva after these doses. RESULTS After maternal sublingual administration of buprenorphine (4 mg/d), the estimated plasma concentrations of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in newborns exceeded the toxicity thresholds for 8 and 24 hours, respectively. However, the norbuprenorphine bECF levels were lower than the respiratory depression threshold. Furthermore, the salivary buprenorphine threshold levels in newborns for buprenorphine analgesia, norbuprenorphine analgesia, and norbuprenorphine hypoventilation were observed to be 22, 2, and 162 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS Using neonatal saliva for buprenorphine therapeutic drug monitoring can facilitate newborn safety during the maternal treatment of OUD using sublingual buprenorphine. Nevertheless, the suitability of using adult values of respiratory depression EC50 for newborns must be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo'tasem M Alsmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; and
- Nanotechnology Institute, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Chen M, Yang J, Tang C, Lu X, Wei Z, Liu Y, Yu P, Li H. Improving ADMET Prediction Accuracy for Candidate Drugs: Factors to Consider in QSPR Modeling Approaches. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:222-242. [PMID: 38083894 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266280005231207105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) employs mathematical and statistical methods to reveal quantitative correlations between the pharmacokinetics of compounds and their molecular structures, as well as their physical and chemical properties. QSPR models have been widely applied in the prediction of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). However, the accuracy of QSPR models for predicting drug ADMET properties still needs improvement. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews the tools employed in various stages of QSPR predictions for drug ADMET. It summarizes commonly used approaches to building QSPR models, systematically analyzing the advantages and limitations of each modeling method to ensure their judicious application. We provide an overview of recent advancements in the application of QSPR models for predicting drug ADMET properties. Furthermore, this review explores the inherent challenges in QSPR modeling while also proposing a range of considerations aimed at enhancing model prediction accuracy. The objective is to enhance the predictive capabilities of QSPR models in the field of drug development and provide valuable reference and guidance for researchers in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilun Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Chunhua Tang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - HuanHuan Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, No. 172, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
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Alsmadi MM. Evaluating the Pharmacokinetics of Fentanyl in the Brain Extracellular Fluid, Saliva, Urine, and Plasma of Newborns from Transplacental Exposure from Parturient Mothers Dosed with Epidural Fentanyl Utilizing PBPK Modeling. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:567-586. [PMID: 37563443 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Fentanyl can mitigate the mother and newborn complications resulting from labor pain. However, fentanyl shows a narrow therapeutic index between its respiratory depressive and analgesic effects. Thus, prenatally acquired high fentanyl levels in the newborn brain extracellular fluid (bECF) may induce respiratory depression which requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). TDM using saliva and urine in newborns can reduce the possibility of infections and distress associated with TDM using blood. The objective of this study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict fentanyl concentrations in different newborn tissues due to intrauterine exposure. METHODS A fentanyl PBPK model in adults after intravenous and epidural administration was built, validated, and scaled to pregnancy and newborn populations. The dose that the newborn received transplacentally at birth was calculated using the pregnancy model. Then, the newborn bECF, saliva, plasma, and urine concentrations after such a dose were predicted using the newborn PBPK model. RESULTS After a maternal epidural dose of fentanyl 245 µg, the predicted newborn plasma and bECF levels were below the toxicity thresholds. Furthermore, the salivary threshold levels in newborns for fentanyl analgesic and respiratory depression effects were estimated to be 0.39 and 14.7-18.2 ng/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION The salivary TDM of fentanyl in newborns can be useful in newborns exposed to intrauterine exposure from parturient females dosed with epidural fentanyl. However, newborn-specific values of µ-opioid receptors IC50 for respiratory depression are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo'tasem M Alsmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
- Nanotechnology Institute, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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Alsmadi MM, Idkaidek N. The Analysis of Pethidine Pharmacokinetics in Newborn Saliva, Plasma, and Brain Extracellular Fluid After Prenatal Intrauterine Exposure from Pregnant Mothers Receiving Intramuscular Dose Using PBPK Modeling. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:281-300. [PMID: 37017867 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pethidine (meperidine) can decrease labor pain-associated mother's hyperventilation and high cortisol-induced newborn complications. However, prenatal transplacentally acquired pethidine can cause side effects in newborns. High pethidine concentrations in the newborn brain extracellular fluid (bECF) can cause a serotonin crisis. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in newborns' blood distresses them and increases infection incidence, which can be overcome by using salivary TDM. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling can predict drug concentrations in newborn plasma, saliva, and bECF after intrauterine pethidine exposure. METHODS A healthy adult PBPK model was constructed, verified, and scaled to newborn and pregnant populations after intravenous and intramuscular pethidine administration. The pregnancy PBPK model was used to predict the newborn dose received transplacentally at birth, which was used as input to the newborn PBPK model to predict newborn plasma, saliva, and bECF pethidine concentrations and set correlation equations between them. RESULTS Pethidine can be classified as a Salivary Excretion Classification System class II drug. The developed PBPK model predicted that, after maternal pethidine intramuscular doses of 100 mg and 150 mg, the newborn plasma and bECF concentrations were below the toxicity thresholds. Moreover, it was estimated that newborn saliva concentrations of 4.7 µM, 11.4 µM, and 57.7 µM can be used as salivary threshold concentrations for pethidine analgesic effects, side effects, and the risk for serotonin crisis, respectively, in newborns. CONCLUSION It was shown that saliva can be used for pethidine TDM in newborns during the first few days after delivery to mothers receiving pethidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo'tasem M Alsmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
- Nanotechnology Institute, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
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Sobiak J, Resztak M, Banasiak J, Zachwieja J, Ostalska-Nowicka D. High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for mycophenolic acid determination in saliva samples. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:726-736. [PMID: 36905501 PMCID: PMC10007665 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of mycophenolic acid (MPA), which is frequently proposed, saliva might be a suitable and easy-to-obtain biological matrix. The study aimed to validate an HPLC method with fluorescence detection for determining mycophenolic acid in saliva (sMPA) in children with nephrotic syndrome. METHODS The mobile phase was composed of methanol and tetrabutylammonium bromide with disodium hydrogen phosphate (pH 8.5) at a 48:52 ratio. To prepare the saliva samples, 100 µL of saliva, 50 µL of calibration standards, and 50 µL of levofloxacin (used as an internal standard) were mixed and evaporated to dryness at 45 °C for 2 h. The resulting dry extract was reconstituted in the mobile phase and injected into the HPLC system after centrifugation. Saliva samples from study participants were collected using Salivette® devices. RESULTS The method was linear within the range of 5-2000 ng/mL, was selective with no carry-over effect and met the acceptance criteria for within-run and between-run accuracy and precision. Saliva samples can be stored for up to 2 h at room temperature, for up to 4 h at 4 °C, and for up to 6 months at - 80 °C. MPA was stable in saliva after three freeze-thaw cycles, in dry extract for 20 h at 4 °C, and for 4 h in the autosampler at room temperature. MPA recovery from Salivette® cotton swabs was within the range of 94-105%. The sMPA concentrations in the two children with nephrotic syndrome who were treated with mycophenolate mofetil were within 5-112 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS The sMPA determination method is specific, selective, and meets the validation requirements for analytic methods. It may be used in children with nephrotic syndrome; however further studies are required to investigate focusing on sMPA and the correlation between sMPA and total MPA and its possible contribution to MPA TDM is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sobiak
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Matylda Resztak
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Banasiak
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Zachwieja
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Danuta Ostalska-Nowicka
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Alsmadi MM. The investigation of the complex population-drug-drug interaction between ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and chloroquine or ivermectin using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023; 38:87-105. [PMID: 36205215 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2022-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Therapy failure caused by complex population-drug-drug (PDDI) interactions including CYP3A4 can be predicted using mechanistic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. A synergy between ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPVr), ivermectin, and chloroquine was suggested to improve COVID-19 treatment. This work aimed to study the PDDI of the two CYP3A4 substrates (ivermectin and chloroquine) with LPVr in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 adults, geriatrics, and pregnancy populations. METHODS The PDDI of LPVr with ivermectin or chloroquine was investigated. Pearson's correlations between plasma, saliva, and lung interstitial fluid (ISF) levels were evaluated. Target site (lung epithelial lining fluid [ELF]) levels of ivermectin and chloroquine were estimated. RESULTS Upon LPVr coadministration, while the chloroquine plasma levels were reduced by 30, 40, and 20%, the ivermectin plasma levels were increased by a minimum of 425, 234, and 453% in adults, geriatrics, and pregnancy populations, respectively. The established correlation equations can be useful in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and dosing regimen optimization. CONCLUSIONS Neither chloroquine nor ivermectin reached therapeutic ELF levels in the presence of LPVr despite reaching toxic ivermectin plasma levels. PBPK modeling, guided with TDM in saliva, can be advantageous to evaluate the probability of reaching therapeutic ELF levels in the presence of PDDI, especially in home-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo'tasem M Alsmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Kandilli B, Ugur Kaplan AB, Cetin M, Taspınar N, Genc S, Yeni Y, Ertugrul MS, Aydin IC, Hacimuftuoglu A. Orally disintegrating tablet containing carbamazepine and levetiracetam: formulation and in vitro and in vivo characterization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1153-1165. [PMID: 34590547 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1988094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare and characterize the orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulations containing the combination of levetiracetam (LEV) and carbamazepine (CBZ) (CBZ + LEV combination) for the treatment of epilepsy. The ODT formulations were prepared using the lyophilization (L) and direct compression (DC) methods. The flowability of the mixed powders used for DC formulation was evaluated. The quality control tests for the ODTs were performed. Also, the antiepileptic effects of pure drugs, their combination, and the suspension of CBZ + LEV-DC-ODT formulation were evaluated in the rats with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy model. The obtained results for the mixed powders of the DC formulation (angle of repose: 26.18 ± 0.794°; compressibility index: 15.24 ± 0.764%) suggest that the flow properties of the powder blend were suitable for the preparation of CBZ + LEV-ODT using DC method. The mean values of diameter and hardness of L-ODTs and DC-ODTs were found to be 16.87 mm and 16.18 mm and 11.96 N and 30.11 N, respectively. The friability of both formulations was <1%. Both formulations were disintegrated in seconds. Drugs in L-ODT had faster dissolution than those in DC-ODT. Compared to the seizure scores obtained for the groups treated with LEV or CBZ, generally, there was a higher decrease in seizure scores in the groups treated with CBZ + LEV combination or the suspension of CBZ + LEV-DC-ODTs. Consequently, the ODT formulations containing the CBZ + LEV combination might be beneficial in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Kandilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Afife Busra Ugur Kaplan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Meltem Cetin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Numan Taspınar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Sidika Genc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yesim Yeni
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Sait Ertugrul
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Ismail Cagri Aydin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Charoo NA, Abdallah DB, Bakheit AA, Haque KU, Hassan HA, Abrahamsson B, Cristofoletti R, Langguth P, Mehta M, Parr A, Polli JE, Shah VP, Tajiri T, Dressman J. Biowaiver Monograph for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:2-13. [PMID: 34597625 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sitagliptin is an antihyperglycemic drug used in adults for the treatment of diabetes Type 2. Literature data and in-house experiments were applied in this monograph to assess whether methods based on the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) could be used to assess the bioequivalence of solid immediate-release (IR) oral dosage forms containing sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate, as an alternative to a pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers. The solubility and permeability characteristics of sitagliptin were reviewed according to the BCS, along with dissolution, therapeutic index, therapeutic applications, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic characteristics, reports of bioequivalence (BE) / bioavailability problems, data on interactions between the drug and excipients and other data germane to the subject. All data reviewed in this monograph unambiguously support classification of sitagliptin as a BCS Class 1 drug. In light of its broad therapeutic index and lack of severe adverse effects, the clinical risks associated with moderately supraoptimal doses were deemed inconsequential, as were the risks associated with moderately suboptimal doses. Taking all evidence into consideration, it was concluded that the BCS-based biowaiver can be implemented for solid IR oral drug products containing sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate, provided (a) the test product is formulated solely with excipients commonly present in solid IR oral drug products approved in ICH or associated countries and used in amounts commonly applied in this type of product, (b) data in support of the BCS-based biowaiver are obtained using the methods recommended by the WHO, FDA, EMA or ICH and (c) the test product and the comparator product (which is the innovator product in this case) meet all in vitro dissolution specifications provided in the WHO, FDA, EMA or ICH guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem A Charoo
- Succor Pharma Solutions, Dubai Science Park, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Daud B Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed Abdalla Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Kashif Ul Haque
- Succor Pharma Solutions, Dubai Science Park, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hassan Ali Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Bertil Abrahamsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Cristofoletti
- Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), Division of Bioequivalence, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mehul Mehta
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Alan Parr
- Bioceutics LCC, Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vinod P Shah
- International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Tomokazu Tajiri
- Astellas Pharma Inc, Analytical Research Laboratories, Yaizu, Japan
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Alsmadi MM, Alfarah MQ, Albderat J, Alsalaita G, AlMardini R, Hamadi S, Al‐Ghazawi A, Abu‐Duhair O, Idkaidek N. The development of a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for mycophenolic mofetil and mycophenolic acid in humans using data from plasma, saliva, and kidney tissue. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2019; 40:325-340. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jawaher Albderat
- Queen Rania Abdullah Children Hospital, Royal Medical Services Amman Jordan
| | - Ghazi Alsalaita
- Queen Rania Abdullah Children Hospital, Royal Medical Services Amman Jordan
| | - Reham AlMardini
- Queen Rania Abdullah Children Hospital, Royal Medical Services Amman Jordan
| | - Salim Hamadi
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Petra Amman Jordan
| | | | - Omar Abu‐Duhair
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Petra Amman Jordan
| | - Nasir Idkaidek
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Petra Amman Jordan
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Alternative matrices for therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive agents using LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2016; 7:1037-58. [PMID: 25966013 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs used in solid organ transplants typically have narrow therapeutic windows and high intra- and intersubject variability. To ensure satisfactory exposure, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) plays a pivotal role in any successful posttransplant maintenance therapy. Currently, recommendations for optimum immunosuppressant concentrations are based on blood/plasma measurements. However, they introduce many disadvantages, including poor prediction of allograft survival and toxicity, a weak correlation with drug concentrations at the site of action and the invasive nature of the sample collection. Thus, alternative matrices have been investigated. This paper reviews tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods used for the quantification of immunosuppressant drugs utilizing nonconventional matrices, namely oral fluids, fingerprick blood and intracellular and intratissue sampling. The advantages, disadvantages and clinical application of such alternative mediums are discussed. Additionally, sample extraction techniques and basic chromatography information regarding these methods are presented in tabulated form.
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Cetin M, Sahin S. Microparticulate and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for metformin hydrochloride. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2796-2805. [PMID: 26394019 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1089957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Metformin hydrochloride is a biguanide derivative widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, prescribed nearly to 120 million people worldwide. Metformin has a relatively low oral bioavailability (about 50-60%). Although the major effect of metformin is to decrease hepatic glucose output as an antihyperglycemic agent, its inhibitory effects on the proliferation of some cancer cells (e.g. prostate, breast, glioma cells) have been demonstrated in the cell culture studies. Development of novel formulation (e.g. microparticles, nanoparticles) strategies for metformin might be useful to improve its bioavailability, to reduce the dosing frequency, to decrease gastrointestinal side effects and toxicity and to be helpful for effective use of metformin in cancer treatment. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this review is to summarize metformin HCl-loaded micro- and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. METHOD The literature was rewieved with regard to the physicochemical, pharmacological properties of metformin, and also its mechanism of action in type 2 diabetes and cancer. In addition, micro- and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems developed for metformin were gathered from the literature and the results were discussed. CONCLUSION Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent and also has potential antitumorigenic effects. The repeated applications of high doses of metformin (as immediate release formulations) are needed for an effective treatment due to its low oral bioavailability and short biological half-life. Drug delivery systems are very useful systems to overcome the difficulties associated with conventional dosage forms of metformin and also for its effective use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Cetin
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
| | - Selma Sahin
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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