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Eid RA. Acylated ghrelin protection inhibits apoptosis in the remote myocardium post-myocardial infarction by inhibiting calcineurin and activating ARC. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:215-229. [PMID: 34965150 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.2017463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated if acylated ghrelin (AG) could inhibit myocardial infarction (MI)-induced apoptosis in the left ventricles (LV) of male rats and tested if this protection involves modulating ARC anti-apoptotic protein. Rats (n = 12/group) were assigned as a sham-operated, a sham + AG (100 µg/kg, 2x/d, S.C.), MI, and MI + AG. With no antioxidant activity or expression of FAS, AG inhibited caspase-3, 8, and 9 and decreased cytosolic/mitochondrial levels of cytochrome-c, Bax, Bad, and Bad-BCL-2 complex in the LVs of the sham-operated and MI-treated rats. Concomitantly, AG preserved the mitochondria structure, decreased mtPTP, and enhanced state-3 respiration in the LVs of both treated groups. These effects were associated with increased mitochondrial levels of ARC and a reduction in the activity of calcineurin. Overall, AG suppresses MI-induced ventricular apoptosis by inhibition of calcineurin, activation of ARC, and preserving mitochondria integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Zhang J, Zheng X, Wang P, Wang J, Ding W. Role of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in cell death and cardiovascular disease. Apoptosis 2021; 26:24-37. [PMID: 33604728 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is a highly effective and multifunctional inhibitor of apoptosis that is mainly expressed in postmitotic cells such as cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells. ARC contains a C-terminal region rich in proline and glutamic acid residues and an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD). The CARD is originally described as a protein-binding motif that interacts with caspase through a CARD-CARD interaction. Initially, the inhibitory effect of ARC was only found in apoptosis, however, it was later found that ARC also played a regulatory role in other types of cell death. As a powerful cardioprotective factor, ARC can protect the heart by inhibiting the death of cardiomyocytes in various ways. ARC can reduce the cardiomyocyte apoptotic response to various stresses and injuries, including extrinsic apoptosis induced by death receptor ligands, cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and the dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress and hypoxia. In addition, changes in ARC transcription and translation levels in the heart can cause a series of physiological and pathological changes, and ARC can also perform corresponding functions through interactions with other molecules. Although there has been much research on ARC, the functional redundancy among proteins shows that ARC still has much research value. This review summarizes the molecular characteristics of ARC, its roles in the various death modes in cardiomyocytes and the roles of ARC in cardiac pathophysiology. This article also describes the potential therapeutic effect and research prospects of ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianxin Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peiyan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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Li C, Su Z, Ge L, Chen Y, Chen X, Li Y. Cardioprotection of hydralazine against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 869:172850. [PMID: 31830459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether hydralazine could reduce cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent myocardial I/R injury. Saline, hydralazine (HYD, 10-30 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 10 min before reperfusion. After 30 min of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion, the myocardial infarct size was determined using TTC staining. Heart function and oxidative stress were determined through biochemical assay and DHE staining. HE staining was used for histopathological evaluation. Additionally, the cardiomyocytes apoptosis and protein expression of PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway marker were detected by TUNEL and Western blotting. The serum levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and reactive oxygen species were significantly elevated in cardiac I/R group, but the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was suppressed. However, intraperitoneal pretreatment with hydralazine at a dose of 10-30 mg/kg before cardiac I/R significantly limited the increase in CK-MB, LDH, oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, histological damage and apoptosis in the hearts. In addition, hydralazine also increased p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-eNOS expression and decreased Cleaved Caspase-3, Cleaved Caspase-9 expression in the hearts. Our results suggest that the cardioprotective effect of hydralazine against I/R injury might be a cooperation of the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis with the motivation of eNOS phosphorylation via activating the PI3K/AKT signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhongping Su
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Liqi Ge
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Cape Henry Collegiate, 1320 Mill Dam Road, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Xuguan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Yan Z, Guo R, Gan L, Lau WB, Cao X, Zhao J, Ma X, Christopher TA, Lopez BL, Wang Y. Withaferin A inhibits apoptosis via activated Akt-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress. Life Sci 2018; 211:91-101. [PMID: 30213729 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA), a withanolide derived from medicinal plant Withania somnifera, possesses anti-tumorigenic and immunomodulatory activities against various cancer cells. However, the role of WFA in myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MI/R) injury remains unclear. In the present study, we determined whether WFA may regulate cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that WFA enhanced H9c2 cells survival ability against simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell apoptosis. In addition, the enhanced oxidative stress induced by SI/R was inhibited by WFA. Among the multiple antioxidant molecules determined, antioxidants SOD2, SOD3, Prdx-1 was obviously upregulated by WFA. When Akt inhibitor IV was administrated, WFA's suppression effect on oxidative stress was obviously abolished. Additional experiments demonstrated that WFA successfully inhibited H2O2 induced upregulation of SOD2, SOD3, and Prdx-1, ameliorated cardiomyocyte caspase-3 activity via an Akt dependent manner. Collectively, these results support the therapeutic potential of WFA against cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury and highlight the application of WFA in cardiovascular diseases holding great promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Yan
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xiaoming Cao
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Theodore A Christopher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Bernard L Lopez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
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Li X, Bilali A, Qiao R, Paerhati T, Yang Y. Association of the PPARγ/PI3K/Akt pathway with the cardioprotective effects of tacrolimus in myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6759-6767. [PMID: 29488613 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) induces severe arrhythmias and has a high risk of mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tacrolimus on arrhythmias, cardiac function, oxidative stress and myocardium apoptosis induced by MIRI, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. The effects of MIRI and tacrolimus on arrhythmias, cardiac function parameters, myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis were investigated in a rat model of MIRI. The phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and protein kinase B (Akt) was investigated via western blotting. After rats were treated with inhibitors of PPARγ/phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt, cardiac function parameters were measured. The results demonstrated that the MIRI procedure induced arrhythmias and significant impairment of cardiac function, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes (P<0.05). Tacrolimus significantly alleviated the arrhythmias and impairment of cardiac function and inhibited the oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes (P<0.05). The phosphorylation of PPARγ and Akt was significantly activated by tacrolimus, whereas inhibitors of PPARγ/PI3K/Akt significantly abolished the effects of tacrolimus (P<0.05). Together, these results suggest that tacrolimus may protect rats from MIRI through activation of the PPARγ/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Li
- Cardiac Care Unit, The Traditional Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830001, P.R. China
| | - Aishan Bilali
- Cardiac Care Unit, The Traditional Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830001, P.R. China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Cardiac Care Unit, The Traditional Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830001, P.R. China
| | - Tuerxun Paerhati
- Cardiac Care Unit, The Traditional Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Cardiac Care Unit, The Traditional Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830001, P.R. China
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Status of Therapeutic Gene Transfer to Treat Cardiovascular Disease in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2017. [PMID: 28647114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a procedure resulting in the transfer of a gene into an individual's cells to treat a disease. One goal of gene transfer is to express a functional gene when the endogenous gene is inactive. However, because heart failure is a complex disease characterized by multiple abnormalities at the cellular level, an alternate gene delivery approach is to alter myocardial protein levels to improve function. This article discusses background information on gene delivery, including packaging, administration, and a brief discussion of some of the candidate transgenes likely to alter the progression of naturally occurring heart disease in dogs and cats.
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Bendavia, a mitochondria-targeting peptide, improves postinfarction cardiac function, prevents adverse left ventricular remodeling, and restores mitochondria-related gene expression in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 64:543-53. [PMID: 25165999 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AB We evaluated the post-myocardial infarction (MI) therapeutic effects of Bendavia. Two hours after coronary artery ligation, rats were randomized to receive chronic Bendavia treatment (n = 28) or water (n = 26). Six weeks later, Bendavia significantly reduced scar circumference (39.7% +/- 2.2%) compared with water treatment (47.4% +/- 0.03%, P = 0.024) and reduced left ventricular (LV) volume by 8.9% (P = 0.019). LV fractional shortening was significantly improved by Bendavia (28.8% +/- 1.7%) compared with water treatment (23.8% +/- 1.8%, P = 0.047). LV ejection fraction was higher with Bendavia (55.3% +/- 1.4%) than water treatment (49.3% +/- 1.4%, P = 0.005). Apoptosis, within the MI border zone, was significantly less in the Bendavia group (32% +/- 3%, n = 12) compared with the water group (41% +/- 2%, n = 12; P = 0.029). Bendavia reversed mitochondrial function-related gene expression in the MI border, which was largely reduced in water-treated rats. Bendavia improved complex-I and -IV activity, and reduced production of reactive oxygen species and cytosolic cytochrome c level in the peri-infarcted region. Bendavia improved post-MI cardiac function, prevented infarct expansion and adverse LV remodeling, and restored mitochondria-related gene expression, complex-I and -IV activity, and reduced reactive oxygen species and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the noninfarcted MI border.
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Pang H, Han B, Yu T, Peng Z. The complex regulation of tanshinone IIA in rats with hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92216. [PMID: 24647357 PMCID: PMC3960224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA has definite protective effects on various cardiovascular diseases. However, in hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (H-LVH), the signaling pathways of tanshinone IIA in inhibition of remodeling and cardiac dysfunction remain unclear. Two-kidney, one-clip induced hypertensive rats (n = 32) were randomized to receive tanshinone IIA (5, 10, 15 mg/kg per day) or 5% glucose injection (GS). Sham-operated rats (n = 8) received 5%GS as control. Cardiac function and dimensions were assessed by using an echocardiography system. Histological determination of the fibrosis and apoptosis was performed using hematoxylin eosin, Masson's trichrome and TUNEL staining. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases type 2 (TIMP2) protein expressions in rat myocardial tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Rat cardiomyocytes were isolated by a Langendorff perfusion method. After 48 h culture, the supernatant and cardiomyocytes were collected to determine the potential related proteins impact on cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis. Compared with the sham rats, the heart tissues of H-LVH (5%GS) group suffered severely from the oxidative damage, apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. In the H-LVH group, tanshinone IIA treated decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Tanshinone IIA inhibited cardiomyocytes apoptosis as confirmed by the reduction of TUNEL positive cardiomyocytes and the down-regulation of Caspase-3 activity and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Meanwhile, plasma apelin level increased with down-regulation of APJ receptor. Tanshinone IIA suppressed cardiac fibrosis through regulating the paracrine factors released by cardiomyocytes and the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway activity. In conclusion, our in vivo study showed that tanshinone IIA could improve heart function by enhancing myocardial contractility, inhibiting ECM deposition, and limiting apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Le TYL, Ashton AW, Mardini M, Stanton PG, Funder JW, Handelsman DJ, Mihailidou AS. Role of androgens in sex differences in cardiac damage during myocardial infarction. Endocrinology 2014; 155:568-75. [PMID: 24424037 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-specific incidence of ischemic heart disease in men is higher than in women, although women die more frequently without previous symptoms; the molecular mechanism(s) are poorly understood. Most studies focus on protection by estrogen, with less attention on androgen receptor-mediated androgen actions. Our aim was to determine the role of androgens in the sex differences in cardiac damage during myocardial infarction. Mature age-matched male and female Sprague Dawley rats, intact or surgically gonadectomized (Gx), received testosterone (T) or 17β-estradiol (E2) via subdermal SILASTIC (Dow Corning Corp.) implants; a subset of male rats received dihydrotestosterone. After 21 days, animals were anesthetized, and hearts were excised and subjected to ex vivo regional ischemia-reperfusion (I-R). Hearts from intact males had larger infarcts than those from females following I-R; Gx produced the opposite effect, confirming a role for sex steroids. In Gx males, androgens (dihydrotestosterone, T) and E2 aggravated I-R-induced cardiac damage, whereas in Gx females, T had no effect and E2 reduced infarct area. Increased circulating T levels up-regulated androgen receptor and receptor for advanced glycation end products, which resulted in enhanced apoptosis aggravating cardiac damage in both males and females. In conclusion, our study demonstrates, for the first time, that sex steroids regulate autophagy during myocardial infarction and shows that a novel mechanism of action for androgens during I-R is down-regulation of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL (B cell lymphoma-extra large), a key controller for cross talk between autophagy and apoptosis, shifting the balance toward apoptosis and leading to aggravated cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Y L Le
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research (T.Y.L.L., A.W.A., M.M., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital and The University of Sydney; Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., M.M., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital; Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Royal North Shore Hospital; Department of Cardiology (M.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Prince Henry's Institute (P.G.S., J.W.F.), Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and Anzac Research Institute (D.J.H.), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Loan Le TY, Mardini M, Howell VM, Funder JW, Ashton AW, Mihailidou AS. Low-Dose Spironolactone Prevents Apoptosis Repressor With Caspase Recruitment Domain Degradation During Myocardial Infarction. Hypertension 2012; 59:1164-9. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.190488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure and myocardial infarction, despite normal plasma aldosterone levels. Since apoptosis plays an important role in heart failure and postinfarction left ventricular remodeling, we examined whether low-dose mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists modulate cardiomyocyte death by regulating the apoptosis repressor protein apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain to lessen the extent of apoptosis. Hearts from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to regional ischemia followed by reperfusion ex vivo, with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists added to perfusates before ischemia. Low-dose spironolactone (10 nmol/L) or eplerenone (100 nmol/L) significantly reduced infarct size. Spironolactone also prevented cleavage of the apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer in the nucleus and of the inhibitor of caspase-activated DNAse induced by ischemia-reperfusion, thereby abolishing chromatin condensation and internucleosomal cleavage. Ischemia-reperfusion–induced activation of caspases 2, 3, and 9, but not caspase 8, was prevented by spironolactone, suggesting targeted regulation of the intrinsic pathway. Low-dose spironolactone and eplerenone prevented loss of the apoptosis repressor with the caspase recruitment domain and reduced myocyte death. In H9c2 cells, mineralocorticoid receptor activation by aldosterone resulted in apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain degradation and enhanced apoptosis; these actions were prevented by coadministration of spironolactone. Using a triple lysine mutant we identified that aldosterone enhances posttranscriptional degradation of the apoptosis repressor with a caspase recruitment domain via the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. Our data demonstrate that low-dose mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists reduce infarct size and apoptosis in the reperfused myocardium by preventing the apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Yen Loan Le
- From the Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., M.M., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiovascular and Hormonal Research Laboratory, Cardiology Division (T.Y.L.L., M.M., A.S.M.), Hormone and Cancer Division (V.M.H.), and Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology (M.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South
| | - Mahidi Mardini
- From the Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., M.M., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiovascular and Hormonal Research Laboratory, Cardiology Division (T.Y.L.L., M.M., A.S.M.), Hormone and Cancer Division (V.M.H.), and Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology (M.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South
| | - Viive M. Howell
- From the Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., M.M., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiovascular and Hormonal Research Laboratory, Cardiology Division (T.Y.L.L., M.M., A.S.M.), Hormone and Cancer Division (V.M.H.), and Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology (M.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South
| | - John W. Funder
- From the Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., M.M., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiovascular and Hormonal Research Laboratory, Cardiology Division (T.Y.L.L., M.M., A.S.M.), Hormone and Cancer Division (V.M.H.), and Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology (M.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South
| | - Anthony W. Ashton
- From the Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., M.M., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiovascular and Hormonal Research Laboratory, Cardiology Division (T.Y.L.L., M.M., A.S.M.), Hormone and Cancer Division (V.M.H.), and Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology (M.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South
| | - Anastasia S. Mihailidou
- From the Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., M.M., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Cardiovascular and Hormonal Research Laboratory, Cardiology Division (T.Y.L.L., M.M., A.S.M.), Hormone and Cancer Division (V.M.H.), and Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology (M.M.), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South
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11
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Yao X, Tan G, He C, Gao Y, Pan S, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Sun X. Hydrogen Sulfide Protects Cardiomyocytes from Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Enhancing Phosphorylation of Apoptosis Repressor with Caspase Recruitment Domain. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2012; 226:275-85. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.226.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Gang Tan
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Changjun He
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of ICU, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Shangha Pan
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Yina Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Xueying Sun
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
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12
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Ludwig-Galezowska AH, Flanagan L, Rehm M. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain, a multifunctional modulator of cell death. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:1044-53. [PMID: 21129150 PMCID: PMC3822617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is a highly potent and multifunctional inhibitor of apoptosis that is physiologically expressed predominantly in post-mitotic cells such as cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle cells and neurons. ARC was also found to be up-regulated in many forms of malignant tumours. ARC impairs the cellular apoptotic responsiveness to a wide range of stresses and insults, including extrinsic apoptosis initiation via death receptor ligands, dysregulation of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress, genotoxic drugs, ionizing radiation, oxidative stress and hypoxia. ARC is subject to both transcriptional and post-translational regulation and exhibits its function through a multitude of molecular interactions with upstream transducers of apoptosis signals. This review summarizes, structures and comments on the published knowledge regarding ARC and its roles in modulating apoptotic cell death responsiveness in physiological and pathophysiological contexts.
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Anagnostopoulos CD, Cokkinos DV. Prediction of left ventricular remodelling by radionuclide imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011; 38:1120-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-1797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abarbanell AM. Can ARC save the heart? J Surg Res 2010; 161:38-9. [PMID: 20080254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Abarbanell
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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Dixon JA, Spinale FG. Pathophysiology of myocardial injury and remodeling: implications for molecular imaging. J Nucl Med 2010; 51 Suppl 1:102S-106S. [PMID: 20395340 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.068213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in reperfusion therapy, acute coronary syndromes can still result in myocardial injury and subsequent myocardial infarction (MI). Molecular, cellular, and interstitial events antecedent to the acute MI culminate in deleterious changes in the size, shape, and function of the left ventricle (LV), collectively termed LV remodeling. Three distinct anatomic and physiologic LV regions can be described after MI: the infarct, border zone, and remote regions. Given the complexity of post-MI remodeling, imaging modalities must be equally diverse to elucidate this process. The focus of this review will first be on cardiovascular MRI of the anatomic and pathophysiologic LV regions of greatest interest with regard to the natural history of the post-MI remodeling process. This review will then examine imaging modalities that provide translational and molecular insight into burgeoning treatment fields for the attenuation of post-MI remodeling, such as cardiac restraint devices and stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Dixon
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, and Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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