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den Hartigh AB, Loomis WP, Anderson MJ, Frølund B, Fink SL. Muscimol inhibits plasma membrane rupture and ninjurin-1 oligomerization during pyroptosis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1010. [PMID: 37798443 PMCID: PMC10556065 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a cell death process that causes inflammation and contributes to numerous diseases. Pyroptosis is mediated by caspase-1 family proteases that cleave the pore-forming protein gasdermin D, causing plasma membrane rupture and release of pathogenic cellular contents. We previously identified muscimol as a small molecule that prevents plasma membrane rupture during pyroptosis via an unidentified mechanism. Here, we show that muscimol has reversible activity to prevent cellular lysis without affecting earlier pyroptotic events. Although muscimol is a well-characterized agonist for neuronal GABAA receptors, muscimol protection is not altered by GABAA receptor antagonists or recapitulated by other GABAA agonists, suggesting that muscimol acts via a novel mechanism. We find that muscimol blocks oligomerization of ninjurin-1, which is required for plasma membrane rupture downstream of gasdermin D pore formation. Our structure-activity relationship studies reveal distinct molecular determinants defining inhibition of pyroptotic lysis compared to GABAA binding. In addition, we demonstrate that muscimol reduces lethality during LPS-induced septic shock. Together, these findings demonstrate that ninjurin-1-mediated plasma membrane rupture can be pharmacologically modulated and pave the way toward identification of therapeutic strategies for pathologic conditions associated with pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B den Hartigh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wendy P Loomis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marisa J Anderson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bente Frølund
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan L Fink
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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2
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Okan A, Doğanyiğit Z, Yilmaz S, Uçar S, Arikan Söylemez ES, Attar R. Evaluation of the protective role of resveratrol against sepsis caused by LPS via TLR4/NF‐κB/TNF‐α signaling pathways: Experimental study. Cell Biochem Funct 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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VanAntwerp IR, Phelps LE, Peuler JD, Kopf PG. Effects of trans- versus cis-resveratrol on adrenergic contractions of the rat tail artery and role of endothelium. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14666. [PMID: 33369273 PMCID: PMC7758980 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of the natural polyphenol trans‐resveratrol may play an important role in preventing a variety of diseases. Resveratrol has been shown to reduce blood pressure and improve metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Our previous studies examined the role of K+ channels in the vasorelaxation responses to trans‐resveratrol in the rat tail artery. During these studies, we uncovered a novel transient contraction prior to the sustained relaxation effect of trans‐resveratrol. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of the endothelium in these vascular contraction and relaxation responses to trans‐resveratrol. We additionally sought to determine if the cis‐isomer of resveratrol exerts any of the same vascular effects as the trans‐isomer. The vascular responses to trans‐resveratrol were examined in rat tail arteries with intact or denuded endothelium over a 2‐hr period. Additionally, the vascular responses to trans‐ and cis‐resveratrol were compared in rat tail arteries with intact endothelium. Both the transient contractile response and the persistent relaxation response to trans‐resveratrol were similar in the arterial rings with intact or denuded endothelium. There was a significant correlation between the initial contraction‐enhancing action of trans‐resveratrol and the magnitude of the sustained relaxation for vessels with both intact and denuded endothelium. Moreover, we demonstrated that cis‐resveratrol produced a significantly greater relaxation response as compared to trans‐resveratrol without the initial contractile response. These data demonstrate the role of the vascular smooth muscle in the vascular responses to resveratrol and the potential clinical benefits of the cis‐isomer of resveratrol as compared to the trans‐isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R VanAntwerp
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Laura E Phelps
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Jacob D Peuler
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Phillip G Kopf
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
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NADPH oxidase is a primary target for antioxidant effects by inorganic nitrite in lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress in mice and in macrophage cells. Nitric Oxide 2019; 89:46-53. [PMID: 31063820 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and oxidative stress is usually considered as an important factor to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Inorganic nitrite, previously viewed as a harmful substance in our diet or inert metabolites of endogenous NO, is recently identified as an important biological NO reservoir in vasculature and tissues. Stimulation of a nitrite-NO pathway shows organ-protective effects on oxidative stress and inflammation, but the mechanisms or target are not clear. In this study, the hypothesis that inorganic nitrite attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress in mice and in macrophage cells by modulating NADPH oxidase activity and NO bioavailability were investigated. We showed that nitrite treatment, in sharp contrast with the worsening effect of NO synthases inhibition, significantly attenuated aortic oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and mortality in LPS-induced shock in mice. Mechanistically, protective effects of nitrite were abolished by NO scavenger and xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and inhibition of NADPH oxidase with apocynin attenuated LPS-induced oxidative stress similar to that of nitrite. In the presence of nitrite, no further effect of apocynin was observed, suggesting NADPH oxidase as a possible target. In LPS-activated macrophage cells, nitrite reduced NADPH oxidase activity and oxidative stress and these effects of nitrite were also abolished by NO scavenger and xanthine oxidase inhibitor, where xanthine oxidase-mediated reduction of nitrite attenuated NADPH oxidase activity in activated macrophages via a NO-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, these novel findings position NADPH oxidase in the inflammatory vasculature as a prime target for the antioxidant effects of inorganic nitrite, and open a new direction to modulate the inflammatory response.
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Loomis WP, den Hartigh AB, Cookson BT, Fink SL. Diverse small molecules prevent macrophage lysis during pyroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:326. [PMID: 30975978 PMCID: PMC6459844 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a programmed process of proinflammatory cell death mediated by caspase-1-related proteases that cleave the pore-forming protein, gasdermin D, causing cell lysis and release of inflammatory intracellular contents. The amino acid glycine prevents pyroptotic lysis via unknown mechanisms, without affecting caspase-1 activation or pore formation. Pyroptosis plays a critical role in diverse inflammatory diseases, including sepsis. Septic lethality is prevented by glycine treatment, suggesting that glycine-mediated cytoprotection may provide therapeutic benefit. In this study, we systematically examined a panel of small molecules, structurally related to glycine, for their ability to prevent pyroptotic lysis. We found a requirement for the carboxyl group, and limited tolerance for larger amino groups and substitution of the hydrogen R group. Glycine is an agonist for the neuronal glycine receptor, which acts as a ligand-gated chloride channel. The array of cytoprotective small molecules we identified resembles that of known glycine receptor modulators. However, using genetically deficient Glrb mutant macrophages, we found that the glycine receptor is not required for pyroptotic cytoprotection. Furthermore, protection against pyroptotic lysis is independent of extracellular chloride conductance, arguing against an effect mediated by ligand-gated chloride channels. Finally, we conducted a small-scale, hypothesis-driven small-molecule screen and identified unexpected ion channel modulators that prevent pyroptotic lysis with increased potency compared to glycine. Together, these findings demonstrate that pyroptotic lysis can be pharmacologically modulated and pave the way toward identification of therapeutic strategies for pathologic conditions associated with pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy P Loomis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Brad T Cookson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan L Fink
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Zhou J, Yang D, Liu K, Hou L, Zhang W. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the protective effect of resveratrol on multiple organ injury induced by sepsis in animal models. Biomed Rep 2018; 10:55-62. [PMID: 30588304 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis may directly lead to multiple organ failure, which is among the leading causes of mortality in critically ill patients. According to data released by the Global Sepsis Alliance, the number of mortalities due to sepsis exceeded the combined number for prostate cancer, breast cancer and AIDS in 2012. To date, studies have reported that resveratrol has marked positive effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and pro-microcirculatory functions in sepsis-induced organ injury, significantly improving the survival time and mortality of sepsis animals. The present systematic review sought to further clarify the efficacy and safety of resveratrol in the treatment of sepsis. Studies on resveratrol application in the treatment of sepsis-induced organ injury in animal models were reviewed by searching various Chinese and other language databases (PubMed, Embase, CNKI, WanFang and WeiPu) and by manually searching the references of related articles. The selection and evaluation of the studies was performed by two independent reviewers. A total of 260 related studies were initially identified. Following application of the exclusion factors and inclusion criteria, 11 studies were included. Meta-analysis revealed that resveratrol exerted significant protective effect in sepsis-induced animal models of organ injury, through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and pro-microcirculatory functions compared with in the placebo group. While nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF-2) are the two major signaling pathways to have been associated with the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of resveratrol, these factors were not quantified for mean values, therefore not suitable for systematic evaluation. For related factors, the results of meta-analysis were as follows: For tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), the standardized mean difference (SMD) was -13.50 [95% confidence interval (CI): -22.08, -4.91; P=0.002]; for malondialdehyde (MDA), the SMD was -3.10 (95% CI: -5.27, -0.93; P=0.005); for mean arterial pressure the SMD was 1.34 (95% CI: 0.07, 2.62; P=0.04); for interleukin (IL)-6 the SMD was -9.57 (95% CI: -20.90, 1.75; P=0.10); and for IL-10 the SMD was 0.80 (95% CI: -0.73, 2.34; P=0.31). It was concluded that resveratrol exerted significant anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects through NF-κB and NRF-2 signaling pathways in animal models of sepsis-induced multiple organ injury, manifesting as significant downregulation of TNF-α and MDA expression and improved microcirculation, therefore ameliorating septic damage to the body, which may ultimately improve survival ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Daihong Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Linyi Hou
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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Effenberger-Neidnicht K, Brauckmann S, Jägers J, Patyk V, Waack IN, Kirsch M. Protective Effects of Sodium Pyruvate during Systemic Inflammation Limited to the Correction of Metabolic Acidosis. Inflammation 2018; 42:598-605. [PMID: 30357579 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protective effects by exogenous sodium pyruvate already have been described in various experimental models of injury, among others during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, hemorrhagic shock, and shock secondary to systemic inflammation (endotoxemic shock). Low doses of sodium pyruvate reduced signs of inflammation, enhanced systemic blood pressure, and ameliorated metabolic acidosis when administered in a prophylactic manner during endotoxemic shock. In the present study, we investigated whether low-dosed infusions of sodium pyruvate exhibited beneficial effects when applied therapeutically after the induction of systemic inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide was infused at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg × h over a period of 360 min to induce systemic inflammation in male Wistar rats. Sodium pyruvate (single dose 50 mg/kg × 15 min) was administered intravenously 180 and 270 min after starting of the lipopolysaccharide infusion. Systemic/vital parameters (e.g., systemic blood pressure and breathing rate) and blood/plasma parameters (e.g., acid-base parameters; electrolytes; glucose and lactate concentration; hemolysis; aminotransferase activities; and parameters of coagulation) were determined in regular intervals. Lipopolysaccharide infusion led to metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, electrolyte as well as hemostatic disturbances, and hemolysis. Except for the acid-base status (amelioration of metabolic acidosis) and the plasma chloride concentration (reduction of hyperchloremia), the additional infusion of sodium pyruvate failed in significantly improving lipopolysaccharide-dependent alterations (e.g. vital, blood and plasma parameters). Protective effects of a delayed administration of the metabolizable anion pyruvate during systemic inflammation, hence, are limited to its function as alkalizer to counteract metabolic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Brauckmann
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Jägers
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Vivien Patyk
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Indra Naemi Waack
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Kirsch
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
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8
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9
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Cui F, Zhu P, Ji J, Blaženović I, Gholami M, Zhang Y, Sun X. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic study of lipopolysaccharides toxicity on rat basophilic leukemia cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 281:81-88. [PMID: 29275087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can lead to uncontrollable cytokine production, fatal sepsis syndrome and depression/multiple organ failure, as pathophysiologic demonstration. Various toxic effects of LPS have been extensively reported, mainly on the toxicity of LPS in cellular level, macrophages or tumor cells, etc. This work aimed on the impact of LPS on mast cell metabolism, which focused on LPS-induced cellular metabolic profiles. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomics strategy was implemented for the endo-metabolites detection in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, treated with 10 μg/mL LPS for 24 h, along with multiple time-dose tests of cells viability/apoptosis. Significantly changes metabolites were mainly involved the metabolism of glycine, serine, threonine and the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and pentose phosphate pathway. The endo-metabolism results illustrated that LPS treatment led to downregulation of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism besides pentose phosphate pathway in RBL-2H3 cells. This novel insight into LPS cellular metabolism, provides some heuristic guidance for elucidating the underlying mechanism of LPS-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Cui
- School of Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Pei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Jian Ji
- School of Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | | | - Morteza Gholami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- School of Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- School of Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, School of Food Science Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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10
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Bienholz A, Mae Pang R, Guberina H, Rauen U, Witzke O, Wilde B, Petrat F, Feldkamp T, Kribben A. Resveratrol Does Not Protect from Ischemia-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in an in Vivo Rat Model. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:1090-1103. [PMID: 29207388 DOI: 10.1159/000485606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The natural polyphenol resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced damage. Therefore, a rat model of I/R-induced AKI equipped with intensive monitoring was utilized to examine direct renal protection by RSV in vivo. METHODS AKI was induced by bilateral renal clamping (45 min) followed by reperfusion (3 h). Solvent-free RSV was continuously infused intravenously (0.056 and 0.28 mg/kg) in a total volume of 7 ml/kg/h starting from 30 min before renal clamping. At a mean arterial blood pressure below 70 mmHg for more than 5 min, bolus injections of 0.5 ml 0.9% NaCl solution were administered repetitively (max. 5 ml/kg/h). RESULTS No differences could be found between normoxic control groups with/without RSV. Bilateral renal clamping and subsequent reperfusion caused a progressive rise in creatinine, cystatin C, and CK, a decrease in cellular ATP content and diuresis. Infusion of RSV increased sirtuin 1 expression after ischemia/reperfusion and was associated with decreased blood pressure during ischemia and early reperfusion accompanied by an increased requirement of bolus injections as well as with increased expression of TNFα. CONCLUSION RSV did not exert protective effects on I/R-induced AKI in the present short-term in vivo rat model. The lack of protection is potentially connected to aggravation of blood pressure instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bienholz
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rahel Mae Pang
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hana Guberina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ursula Rauen
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wilde
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Petrat
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Feldkamp
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Kribben
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Attenuation of Multiple Organ Damage by Continuous Low-Dose Solvent-Free Infusions of Resveratrol after Severe Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080889. [PMID: 28817064 PMCID: PMC5579682 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of continuous intravenous infusions of solvent-free low doses of resveratrol on organ injury and systemic consequences resulting from severe hemorrhagic shock in rats were studied. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing arterial blood until a mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 25-30 mmHg was reached. Following a shock phase of 60 min, rats were resuscitated with the withdrawn blood plus lactated Ringer's. Resveratrol (20 or 60 μg/kg × h) was continuously infused intravenously starting with the resuscitation phase (30 min) and continued until the end of the experiment (total treatment time 180 min). Animals of the shock control group received 0.9% NaCl solution. After the observation phase (150 min), rats were sacrificed. Resveratrol significantly stabilized the MAP and peripheral oxygen saturation after hemorrhagic shock, decreased the macroscopic injury of the small intestine, significantly attenuated the shock-induced increase in tissue myeloperoxidase activity in the small intestine, liver, kidney and lung, and diminished tissue hemorrhages (particularly in the small intestine and liver) as well as the rate of hemolysis. Already very low doses of resveratrol, continuously infused during resuscitation after severe hemorrhagic shock, can significantly improve impaired systemic parameters and attenuate multiple organ damage in rats.
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Citrulline decreases hepatic endotoxin-induced injury in fructose-induced non-alcoholic liver disease: anex vivostudy in the isolated perfused rat liver. Br J Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSteatosis can sensitise the liver to various challenges and favour the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this context, fructose feeding promotes endotoxin translocation from the gut, contributing to disease progression via an inflammatory process. Citrulline is protective against fructose-induced NAFLD; we hypothesised that this property might be related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative action against endotoxin-induced hepatic injuries. This hypothesis was evaluated in a model of perfused liver isolated from NAFLD rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n30) were fed either a standard rodent chow or a 60 % fructose diet alone, or supplemented with citrulline (1 g/kg per d) for 4 weeks. After an evaluation of their metabolic status, fasted rats received an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (2·5 mg/kg). After 1 h, the livers were isolated and perfused for 1 h to study liver function and metabolism, inflammation and oxidative status.In vivo, citrulline significantly decreased dyslipidaemia induced by a high-fructose diet and insulin resistance. In the isolated perfused rat livers, endotoxaemia resulted in higher cytolysis (alanine aminotransferase release) and higher inflammation (Toll-like receptor 4) in livers of fructose-fed rats, and it was prevented by citrulline supplementation. Oxidative stress and antioxidative defences were similar in all three groups. Amino acid exchanges and metabolism (ammonia and urea release) were only slightly different between the three groups. In this context of mild steatosis, our results suggest that fructose-induced NAFLD leads to an increased hepatic sensitivity to LPS-induced inflammation. Citrulline-induced restriction of the inflammatory process may thus contribute to the prevention of NAFLD.
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Brencher L, Oude Lansink M, Effenberger-Neidnicht K. Administration of Exogenous Melatonin After the Onset of Systemic Inflammation Is Hardly Beneficial. Inflammation 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Stom SM, Phelps LE, Peuler JD. Resveratrol can both enhance and relax adrenergic contractions of the rat tail artery. J Smooth Muscle Res 2016; 52:18-35. [PMID: 26936000 PMCID: PMC5137260 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.52.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aims were to determine 1) if resveratrol's vasorelaxant action is greater in the
distal (resistance) versus proximal (conductance) portion of the rat tail artery, and 2)
if it can be blocked by agents known to block different potassium (K) channels in arterial
smooth muscle. We found that its half-maximally effective concentration values were
essentially identical (25 ± 3 versus 27 ± 3 μM) for relaxing adrenergically-precontracted
rings prepared from distal versus proximal tissues. This does not confirm a previous
report of greater relaxation in resistance versus conductance arteries. We also found that
its relaxation could not be blocked by any of seven different K channel blockers. However,
we uncovered a novel unanticipated action not yet reported. In half our arterial ring
preparations, resveratrol transiently enhanced adrenergically-induced precontractions
beginning well before its sustained relaxant effect became apparent. This action provides
the first reasonable explanation for previously unexplained increases in arterial
pressures observed during acute intravenous administration of resveratrol to animal models
of traumatic ischemic tissue injury, in which hypotension is often present and in need of
correction. Also unanticipated, this same transient enhancement of adrenergic contraction
was notably inhibited by some of the same K channel blockers (particularly
tetraethylammonium and glibenclamide) that failed to influence its relaxant effect.
Although we do not rule out smooth muscle as a possible site for such a paradoxical
finding, we suspect resveratrol could also be acting on K-selective mechano-sensitive ion
channels located in the endothelium where they may participate in release of contracting
factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayra M Stom
- Pharmacology Department, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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15
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Ren X, Ding Y, Lu N. Nitrite attenuated peroxynitrite and hypochlorite generation in activated neutrophils. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 775:50-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Effenberger-Neidnicht K, Brencher L, Broecker-Preuss M, Hamburger T, Petrat F, de Groot H. Immune stimulation by exogenous melatonin during experimental endotoxemia. Inflammation 2015; 37:738-44. [PMID: 24385237 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has been shown to enhance the immune response under immune-compromised conditions. However, its immune-modulatory effects under inflammatory conditions are unclear at present. Both pro- and anti-inflammation has been reported. To study time-dependent effects of melatonin on the general immune response during endotoxemia in more detail, we used two models in male rats: per-acute endotoxemia was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) bolus injection (2.5 mg/kg), sub-acute endotoxemia by LPS infusion (2.5 mg/kg × h). Melatonin was applied directly before and 2 h after LPS administration (3 mg/kg, each). The LPS-induced formation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-1α/β, IL-5, and IL-6 and of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was further amplified by melatonin, although it was only significant during per-acute endotoxemia. In both models, melatonin had no effect on the LPS-induced nitric oxide release. These findings show that exogenous melatonin is capable of enhancing the general immune response under inflammatory conditions.
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Yang T, Peleli M, Zollbrecht C, Giulietti A, Terrando N, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Carlström M. Inorganic nitrite attenuates NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide generation in activated macrophages via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:159-66. [PMID: 25724690 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of many disorders, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Immune cells are major sources of superoxide (O2(∙-)) as part of the innate host defense system, but exaggerated and sustained O2(∙-) generation may lead to progressive inflammation and organ injuries. Previous studies have proven organ-protective effects of inorganic nitrite, a precursor of nitric oxide (NO), in conditions manifested by oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the mechanisms are still not clear. This study aimed at investigating the potential role of nitrite in modulating NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity in immune cells. Mice peritoneal macrophages or human monocytes were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with or without coincubation with nitrite. O2(∙-) and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) formation were detected by lucigenin-based chemiluminescence and fluorescence techniques, respectively. The intracellular NO production was measured by DAF-FM DA fluorescence. NOX isoforms and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression were detected by qPCR. LPS increased both O2(∙-) and ONOO(-) production in macrophages, which was significantly reduced by nitrite (10µmol/L). Mechanistically, the effects of nitrite are (1) linked to increased NO generation, (2) similar to that observed with the NO donor DETA-NONOate, and (3) can be abolished by the NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO or by the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor febuxostat. Nox2 expression was increased in activated macrophages, but was not influenced by nitrite. However, nitrite attenuated LPS-induced upregulation of iNOS expression. Similar to that observed in mice macrophages, nitrite also reduced O2(∙-) generation in LPS-activated human monocytes. In conclusion, XO-mediated reduction of nitrite attenuates NOX activity in activated macrophages, which may modulate the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Peleli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christa Zollbrecht
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessia Giulietti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Niccolo Terrando
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Woode RA, Axiak-Bechtel SM, Tsuruta K, Amorim JR, Zhang Y, DeClue AE. Resveratrol decreases oxidative burst capacity and alters stimulated leukocyte cytokine production in vitro. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 163:164-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Schulz K, Sommer O, Jargon D, Utzolino S, Clement HW, Strate T, von Dobschuetz E. Cytokine and radical inhibition in septic intestinal barrier failure. J Surg Res 2014; 193:831-40. [PMID: 25277359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakdown of the intestinal barrier is a driving force of sepsis and multiple organ failure. Radical scavengers or cytokine inhibitors may have a therapeutic impact on intestinal failure. Therapeutic effects on different sites of small intestine and colon have not been compared. Therefore, we investigated time-dependent intestinal permeability changes and their therapeutic inhibition in colon and small intestine with an ex vivo model. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were either pretreated for 24 h with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally alone or in combination with a radical scavenger (pyruvate or Tempol) or a cytokine inhibitor (parecoxib or vasoactive intestinal peptide). The gastrointestinal permeability was measured by time-dependent fluorescein isothiocyanate inulin diffusion using washed and everted tube-like gut segments. Blood and tissue samples were taken to investigate the development of inflammatory cytokine level (interleukin 6) in the context of cytokine inhibition and reactive oxygen species level via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity in radical scavenger groups. RESULTS After LPS treatment, mucosal permeability was enhanced up to 170% in small intestine and colon. In the small intestine the most significant reduction in permeability was found for pyruvate and parecoxib. Treatment with vasoactive intestinal peptide and parecoxib resulted in the most pronounced reduction of permeability in the colon. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that cytokine inhibitors and radical scavengers have pronounced effects in LPS-induced disrupted intestinal barrier of the colon and small intestine. Our novel model comparing different anatomic sites and different points in time after the onset of sepsis may contribute to gain new insight into mechanisms and treatment options of sepsis-related gut mucosal breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Schulz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Olaf Sommer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jargon
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Utzolino
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Clement
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Strate
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Krankenhaus Reinbek St. Adolf-Stift, Reinbek, Germany
| | - Ernst von Dobschuetz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Krankenhaus Reinbek St. Adolf-Stift, Reinbek, Germany
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Liu J, He Y, Chen S, Xiao Y, Hu M, Zhong G. Development of a freeze-dried fungal wettable powder preparation able to biodegrade chlorpyrifos on vegetables. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103558. [PMID: 25061758 PMCID: PMC4111614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous use of the pesticide chlorpyrifos has resulted in harmful contaminations in environment and species. Based on a chlorpyrifos-degrading fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides strain Hu-01 (collection number: CCTCC M 20711), a fungal wettable powder preparation was developed aiming to efficiently remove chlorpyrifos residues from vegetables. The formula was determined to be 11.0% of carboxymethyl cellulose-Na, 9.0% of polyethylene glycol 6000, 5.0% of primary alcohol ethoxylate, 2.5% of glycine, 5.0% of fucose, 27.5% of kaolin and 40% of freeze dried fungi by response surface methodology (RSM). The results of quality inspection indicated that the fungal preparation could reach manufacturing standards. Finally, the degradation of chlorpyrifos by this fungal preparation was determined on pre-harvest cabbage. Compared to the controls without fungal preparation, the degradation of chlorpyrifos on cabbages, which was sprayed with the fungal preparation, was up to 91% after 7 d. These results suggested this freeze-dried fungal wettable powder may possess potential for biodegradation of chlorpyrifos residues on vegetables and provide a potential strategy for food and environment safety against pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, and Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yue He
- Guangdong Zhuhai Supervision Testing Institute of Quality and Metrology, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, and Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Meiying Hu
- Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, and Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, and Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Effenberger-Neidnicht K, Jägers J, Verhaegh R, de Groot H. Glycine selectively reduces intestinal injury during endotoxemia. J Surg Res 2014; 192:592-8. [PMID: 25012270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycine is well known to protect the intestine against ischemia-reperfusion injury and during mechanical manipulation. Here, we studied whether glycine protects the small intestine during endotoxemia, even without being the site of the infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was infused at a rate of 1 mg/kg × h over a period of 7 h (subacute endotoxemia) in male Wistar rats. Glycine (single dose: 50 mg/kg × 15 min) was applied intravenously at 180 and 270 min after the beginning of the LPS infusion. Systemic parameters were periodically determined. The small intestine was analyzed for macroscopic (hemorrhages) and histopathologic changes (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and markers of inflammation (myeloperoxidase activity). RESULTS Glycine neither decreased mortality nor beneficially affected vital parameters (e.g., mean arterial blood pressure and breathing rate), electrolytes, blood gases including pH and base excess, and plasma parameters of tissue injury such as lactate concentration, hemolysis, and aminotransferases activities during experimental endotoxemia. It, however, specifically diminished the LPS-induced small intestinal injury, as indicated by less intestinal accumulation of blood, less intestinal hemorrhages, and reduced intestinal hemoglobin content. CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrate that glycine selectively protects the small intestine during subacute endotoxemia, even after manifestation of a severe systemic impairment. Because glycine is non-toxic at low doses, an administration of a moderate glycine dose (50-100 mg/kg) may be suitable to protect from intestinal damage during sepsis. Its true clinical potential, however, needs to be verified in further experimental studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Jägers
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Rabea Verhaegh
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Herbert de Groot
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Germany
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Sindler AL, Devan AE, Fleenor BS, Seals DR. Inorganic nitrite supplementation for healthy arterial aging. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:463-77. [PMID: 24408999 PMCID: PMC3949212 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01100.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This is attributable primarily to adverse changes in arteries, notably, increases in large elastic artery stiffness and endothelial dysfunction mediated by inadequate concentrations of the vascular-protective molecule, nitric oxide (NO), and higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. Inorganic nitrite is a promising precursor molecule for augmenting circulating and tissue NO bioavailability because it requires only a one-step reduction to NO. Nitrite also acts as an independent signaling molecule, exerting many of the effects previously attributed to NO. Results of recent studies indicate that nitrite may be effective in the treatment of vascular aging. In old mice, short-term oral sodium nitrite supplementation reduces aortic pulse wave velocity, the gold-standard measure of large elastic artery stiffness, and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction, as indicated by normalization of NO-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation. These improvements in age-related vascular dysfunction with nitrite are mediated by reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation, and may be linked to increases in mitochondrial biogenesis and health. Increasing nitrite levels via dietary intake of nitrate appears to have similarly beneficial effects in many of the same physiological and clinical settings. Several clinical trials are being performed to determine the broad therapeutic potential of increasing nitrite bioavailability on human health and disease, including studies related to vascular aging. In summary, inorganic nitrite, as well as dietary nitrate supplementation, represents a promising therapy for treatment of arterial aging and prevention of age-associated CVD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Sindler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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Low-Dose Nitrite Alleviates Early Effects of an X-ray Contrast Medium on Renal Hemodynamics and Oxygenation in Rats. Invest Radiol 2014; 49:70-7. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e3182a6fea6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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