1
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Li H, Pinette M, Smith G, Goolia M, Handel K, Nebroski M, Lung O, Pickering BS. Distinguishing host responses, extensive viral dissemination and long-term viral RNA persistence in domestic sheep experimentally infected with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus Kosovo Hoti. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2302103. [PMID: 38189080 PMCID: PMC10810640 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2302103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne, risk group 4 pathogen that often causes a severe haemorrhagic disease in humans (CCHF) with high case fatality rates. The virus is believed to be maintained in a tick-vertebrate-tick ecological cycle involving numerous wild and domestic animal species; however the biology of CCHFV infection in these animals remains poorly understood. Here, we experimentally infect domestic sheep with CCHFV Kosovo Hoti, a clinical isolate representing high pathogenicity to humans and increasingly utilized in current research. In the absence of prominent clinical signs, the infection leads to an acute viremia and coinciding viral shedding, fever and markers for potential impairment in liver and kidney functions. A number of host responses distinguish the subclinical infection in sheep versus fatal infection in humans. These include an early reduction of neutrophil recruitment and its chemoattractant, IL-8, in the blood stream of infected sheep, whereas neutrophil infiltration and elevated IL-8 are features of fatal CCHFV infections reported in immunodeficient mice and humans. Several inflammatory cytokines that correlate with poor disease outcomes in humans and have potential to cause vascular dysfunction, a primary hallmark of severe CCHF, are down-regulated or restricted from increasing in sheep. Of particular interest, the detection of CCHFV RNA (including full-length genome) in a variety of sheep tissues long after the acute phase of infection indicates a widespread viral dissemination in the host and suggests a potentially long-term persisting impact of CCHFV infection. These findings reveal previously unrecognized aspects of CCHFV biology in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Li
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mathieu Pinette
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Greg Smith
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Melissa Goolia
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Katherine Handel
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michelle Nebroski
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Oliver Lung
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Bradley S. Pickering
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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2
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Lee CY, Wu SW, Yang JJ, Chen WY, Chen CJ, Chen HH, Lee YC, Su CH, Kuan YH. Vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by 3-bromofluoranthene via MAPK-mediated-NFκB pro-inflammatory pathway and intracellular ROS generation. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2247-2259. [PMID: 38635053 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
3-Bromofluoranthene (3-BrFlu) is the secondary metabolite of fluoranthene, which is classified as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, through bromination and exists in the fine particulate matter of air pollutants. Endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and vascular diseases. Little is known about the molecular mechanism of 3-BrFlu on endothelial dysfunction in vivo and in vitro assay. In the present study, 3-BrFlu included concentration-dependent changes in ectopic angiogenesis of the sub-intestinal vein and dilation of the dorsal aorta in zebrafish. Disruption of vascular endothelial integrity and up-regulation of vascular endothelial permeability were also induced by 3-BrFlu in a concentration-dependent manner through pro-inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells, namely, SVEC4-10 cells. Generation of pro-inflammatory mediator PGE2 was induced by 3-BrFlu through COX2 expression. Expression of COX2 and generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα and IL-6, were induced by 3-BrFlu through phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, which was mediated by phosphorylation of MAPK, including p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK. Furthermore, generation of intracellular ROS was induced by 3-BrFlu, which is associated with the down-regulated activities of the antioxidant enzyme (AOE), including SOD and catalase. We also found that 3-BrFlu up-regulated expression of the AOE and HO-1 induced by 3-BrFlu through Nrf-2 expression. However, the 3-BrFlu-induced upregulation of AOE and HO-1 expression could not be revised the responses of vascular endothelial dysfunction. In conclusion, 3-BrFlu is a hazardous substance that results in vascular endothelial dysfunction through the MAPK-mediated-NFκB pro-inflammatory pathway and intracellular ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ying Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Jou Yang
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chung Sheng Clinic, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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3
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Sehgal A, Mehta S, Sahay K, Martynova E, Rizvanov A, Baranwal M, Chandy S, Khaiboullina S, Kabwe E, Davidyuk Y. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Asia: History, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020561. [PMID: 36851775 PMCID: PMC9966805 DOI: 10.3390/v15020561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is the most frequently diagnosed zoonosis in Asia. This zoonotic infection is the result of exposure to the virus-contaminated aerosols. Orthohantavirus infection may cause Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HRFS), a disease that is characterized by acute kidney injury and increased vascular permeability. Several species of orthohantaviruses were identified as causing infection, where Hantaan, Puumala, and Seoul viruses are most common. Orthohantaviruses are endemic to several Asian countries, such as China, South Korea, and Japan. Along with those countries, HFRS tops the list of zoonotic infections in the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. Recently, orthohantavirus circulation was demonstrated in small mammals in Thailand and India, where orthohantavirus was not believed to be endemic. In this review, we summarized the current data on orthohantaviruses in Asia. We gave the synopsis of the history and diversity of orthohantaviruses in Asia. We also described the clinical presentation and current understanding of the pathogenesis of orthohantavirus infection. Additionally, conventional and novel approaches for preventing and treating orthohantavirus infection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Sehgal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Sanya Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Kritika Sahay
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Ekaterina Martynova
- OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Sara Chandy
- Childs Trust Medical Research Foundation, Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai 600034, India
| | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Kabwe
- OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
- Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Yuriy Davidyuk
- OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
- Correspondence:
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4
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Robinson BD, Isbell CL, Melge AR, Lomas AM, Shaji CA, Mohan CG, Huang JH, Tharakan B. Doxycycline prevents blood-brain barrier dysfunction and microvascular hyperpermeability after traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5415. [PMID: 35354869 PMCID: PMC8967830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine the cellular and molecular effects of doxycycline on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and protection against secondary injuries following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Microvascular hyperpermeability and cerebral edema resulting from BBB dysfunction after TBI leads to elevation of intracranial pressure, secondary brain ischemia, herniation, and brain death. There are currently no effective therapies to modulate the underlying pathophysiology responsible for TBI-induced BBB dysfunction and hyperpermeability. The loss of BBB integrity by the proteolytic enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is critical to TBI-induced BBB hyperpermeability, and doxycycline possesses anti-MMP-9 effect. In this study, the effect of doxycycline on BBB hyperpermeability was studied utilizing molecular modeling (using Glide) in silico, cell culture-based models in vitro, and a mouse model of TBI in vivo. Brain microvascular endothelial cell assays of tight junction protein immunofluorescence and barrier permeability were performed. Adult C57BL/6 mice were subjected to sham versus TBI with or without doxycycline treatment and immediate intravital microscopic analysis for evaluating BBB integrity. Postmortem mouse brain tissue was collected to measure MMP-9 enzyme activity. It was found that doxycycline binding to the MMP-9 active sites have binding affinity of −7.07 kcal/mol. Doxycycline treated cell monolayers were protected from microvascular hyperpermeability and retained tight junction integrity (p < 0.05). Doxycycline treatment decreased BBB hyperpermeability following TBI in mice by 25% (p < 0.05). MMP-9 enzyme activity in brain tissue decreased with doxycycline treatment following TBI (p < 0.05). Doxycycline preserves BBB tight junction integrity following TBI via inhibiting MMP-9 activity. When established in human subjects, doxycycline, may provide readily accessible medical treatment after TBI to attenuate secondary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby D Robinson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Temple, TX, USA.,Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Claire L Isbell
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Temple, TX, USA.,Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Anu R Melge
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Angela M Lomas
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Temple, TX, USA.,Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Chinchusha Anasooya Shaji
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Temple, TX, USA
| | - C Gopi Mohan
- Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Temple, TX, USA. .,Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
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5
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Tharakan B, Hunter FA, Muthusamy S, Randolph S, Byrd C, Rao VN, Reddy ESP, Childs EW. ETS-Related Gene Activation Preserves Adherens Junctions and Permeability in Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Shock 2022; 57:309-315. [PMID: 34907119 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT ERG (ETS-related gene) is a member of the ETS (Erythroblast-transformation specific) family of transcription factors abundantly present in vascular endothelial cells. Recent studies demonstrate that ERG has important roles in blood vessel stability and angiogenesis. However, it is unclear how ERG is potentially involved in microvascular barrier functions and permeability. A wide variety of diseases and clinical conditions including trauma-hemorrhagic shock and burn injury are associated with microvascular dysfunctions, which causes excessive microvascular permeability, tissue edema and eventually, multiple organ dysfunction and death. The main purpose of this study was to determine the specific role of ERG in regulating microvascular permeability in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMEC) and to evaluate if exogenous ERG will protect the barrier. The HLMECs were grown on Transwell inserts as monolayers and were transfected with ERG CRISPR/cas9 knockdown plasmid, ERG CRISPR activation plasmid, recombinant ERG protein or their respective controls. Recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was used as an inducer of permeability for evaluating the effect of ERG activation on permeability. Changes in barrier integrity and permeability were studied using monolayer permeability assay and immunofluorescence of adherens junction proteins (VE-cadherin and β-catenin) respectively. CRISPR/cas9-based ERG knockdown as well as VEGF treatment induced monolayer hyperpermeability, VE-cadherin, and β-catenin junctional relocation and cytoskeletal F-actin stress fiber formation. CRISPR based ERG activation and recombinant ERG transfection attenuated VEGF-induced monolayer hyperpermeability. ERG activation preserved the adherens junctions and cytoskeleton. These results demonstrate that ERG is a potent regulator of barrier integrity and permeability in human lung microvascular endothelial cells and endogenously or exogenously enhancing ERG provides protection against barrier dysfunction and hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Felicia A Hunter
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Sonya Randolph
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Crystal Byrd
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Veena N Rao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - E Shyam P Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ed W Childs
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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6
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Wu J, Li Z, Yuan W, Zhang Q, Liang Y, Zhang M, Qin H, Li C. Shenfu injection improves cerebral microcirculation and reduces brain injury in a porcine model of hemorrhagic shock. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 78:175-185. [PMID: 33579831 DOI: 10.3233/ch-211100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shenfu injection (SFI) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine which has been clinically used for treatment of septic shock and cardiac shock. The aim of this study was to clarify effects of SFI on cerebral microcirculation and brain injury after hemorrhagic shock (HS). METHODS Twenty-one domestic male Beijing Landrace pigs were randomly divided into three groups: SFI group (SFI, n = 8), saline group (SA, n = 8) or sham operation group (SO, n = 5). In the SFI group, animals were induced to HS by rapid bleeding to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg within 10 minutes and maintained at 40±3 mmHg for 60 minutes. Volume resuscitation (shed blood and crystalloid) and SFI were given after 1 hour of HS. In the SA group, animals received the same dose of saline instead of SFI. In the SO group, the same surgical procedure was performed but without inducing HS and volume resuscitation. The cerebral microvascular flow index (MFI), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, aquaporin-4 expression, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ultrastructural of microvascular endothelia were measured. RESULTS Compared with the SA group, SFI significantly improved cerebral MFI after HS. SFI up regulated cerebral endothelial NOS expression, but down regulated interleukin-6, TNF-α, inducible NOS and aquaporin-4 expression compared with the SA group. The cerebral microvascular endothelial injury and interstitial edema in the SFI group were lighter than those in the SA group. CONCLUSIONS Combined application of SFI with volume resuscitation after HS can improve cerebral microcirculation and reduce brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Wu
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqing Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Qin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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7
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Identification of Fibrinogen as a Key Anti-Apoptotic Factor in Human Fresh Frozen Plasma for Protecting Endothelial Cells In Vitro. Shock 2021; 53:646-652. [PMID: 31454826 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Resuscitation with human fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in hemorrhagic shock (HS) patients is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Our group has demonstrated that the beneficial effect of FFP is due to its blockade on endothelial hyperpermeability, thereby improving vascular barrier function. The current study aimed to investigate HS-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, a potential major contributor to the endothelial hyperpermeability, and to determine the effect and the key components/factors of FFP on protecting endothelial cells from apoptosis. We first measured and demonstrated an increase in apoptotic endothelial microparticles (CD146AnnexinV) in patients in shock compared to normal subjects, indicating the induction of endothelial cell activation and apoptosis in shock patients. We then transfused HS rats with FFP and showed that FFP blocked HS-induced endothelial cell apoptosis in gut tissue. To identify the anti-apoptotic factors in FFP, we utilized high-performance liquid chromatography, fractionated FFP, and screened the fractions in vitro for the anti-apoptotic effects. We selected the most effective fractions, performed mass spectrometry, and identified fibrinogen as a potent anti-apoptotic factor. Taken together, our findings suggest that HS-induced endothelial apoptosis may constitute a major mechanism underlying the vascular hyperpermeability. Furthermore, the identified anti-apoptotic factor fibrinogen may contribute to the beneficial effects of FFP resuscitation, and therefore, may have therapeutic potential for HS.
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8
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Liu Y, Zhou J, Li Q, Li L, Jia Y, Geng F, Zhou J, Yin T. Tumor microenvironment remodeling-based penetration strategies to amplify nanodrug accessibility to tumor parenchyma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:80-103. [PMID: 33705874 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable advances in nano delivery systems have provided new hope for tumor prevention, diagnosis and treatment. However, only limited clinical therapeutic effects against solid tumors were achieved. One of the main reasons is the presence of abundant physiological and pathological barriers in vivo that impair tumoral penetration and distribution of the nanodrugs. These barriers are related to the components of tumor microenvironment (TME) including abnormal tumor vasculature, rich composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and abundant stroma cells. Herein, we review the advanced strategies of TME remodeling to overcome these biological obstacles against nanodrug delivery. This review aims to offer a perspective guideline for the implementation of promising approaches to facilitate intratumoral permeation of nanodrugs through alleviation of biological barriers. At the same time, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the corresponding methods and put forward possible directions for the future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lingchao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Feiyang Geng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Tingjie Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
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9
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Wang Q, Chi ZF, Wei D, Zhao ZA, Zhang H, Zhang LM, Liu YX, Kang AL, Zhao M, Wang P, Nie LH, Niu CY, Zhao ZG. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Inflammation Is Involved in the Impairment of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Induced by Post-hemorrhagic Shock Mesenteric Lymph. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1717. [PMID: 33013823 PMCID: PMC7509150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial injury caused by post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML) return is an important manifestation during refractory hemorrhagic shock. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and transcriptome analysis, this study sought to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the adverse effect of PHSML on vascular endothelium. Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph was collected from male rats after they underwent hemorrhagic shock and following resuscitation, while normal mesenteric lymph (NML) was harvested from sham rats. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with the culture medium containing either 10% phosphate buffered saline (Control), NML, or PHSML for 3 h, and then were harvested for RNA sequencing. In comparison with NML treated cells, 37 genes were differentially expressed in PHSML-treated HUVECs, including 32 upregulated genes and five downregulated genes. These differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in inflammatory pathways, including signaling pathways for activation of the NOD-like receptors, NF-κB, and TNF. Furthermore, we found that C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) was increased significantly after PHSML treatment, and Bindarit, a CCL2 production inhibitor, attenuated the damage of HUVECs induced by PHSML. The results provide molecular evidence on vascular endothelium damage caused by PHSML. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 might represent a new target for reducing vascular injury after severe hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhen-Fen Chi
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wei
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Ao Zhao
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yan-Xu Liu
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - An-Ling Kang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Ling-Hu Nie
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yu Niu
- Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zi-Gang Zhao
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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10
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Tuyen TT, Viet NT, Hang NT, Giang NT, Anh DD, Anh DT, Hung HV, Quyet D, Toan NL, Cam TD, Van Tong H. Proinflammatory Cytokines Are Modulated in Vietnamese Patients with Dengue Fever. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:514-520. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Tuyen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Thai Binh Medical College, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Viet
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Thu Hang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Ha Dong Medical College, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Truong Giang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Duc Anh
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Tuan Anh
- 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Vu Hung
- 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Quyet
- 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Linh Toan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Hoang Van Tong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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11
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Doxycycline improves traumatic brain injury outcomes in a murine survival model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2020; 89:435-440. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Robinson BD, Tharakan B, Lomas A, Wiggins-Dohlvik K, Alluri H, Shaji CA, Jupiter D, Isbell CL. Exploring blood-brain barrier hyperpermeability and potential biomarkers in traumatic brain injury. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2020; 33:199-204. [PMID: 32313461 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2020.1727706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier breakdown and associated vascular hyperpermeability leads to vasogenic edema in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Tight junctions maintain blood-brain barrier integrity; their disruption in TBI holds significant promise for diagnosis and treatment. A controlled cortical impactor was used for TBI in mouse studies. Blood was collected 1 h after injury and sent for antibody microarray analysis. Twenty human subjects with radiographic evidence of TBI were enrolled and blood collected within 48 h of admission. Control subjects were individuals with nontrauma diagnoses. The subjects were matched by age and gender. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed on each TBI and control sample for tight junction-associated proteins (TJPs), inflammatory markers, and S100β. Plasma was used to conduct in vitro monolayer permeability studies with human brain endothelial cells. S100β and the TJP occludin were significantly elevated in TBI plasma in both the murine and human studies. Monolayer permeability studies showed increased hyperpermeability in TBI groups. Plasma from TBI subjects increases microvascular hyperpermeability in vitro. TJPs in the blood may be a potential biomarker for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical CenterTempleTexas.,School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Sciences CenterTempleTexas
| | - Angela Lomas
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Sciences CenterTempleTexas
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Jupiter
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexas
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13
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Patel MM, Behar AR, Silasi R, Regmi G, Sansam CL, Keshari RS, Lupu F, Lupu C. Role of ADTRP (Androgen-Dependent Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Regulating Protein) in Vascular Development and Function. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e010690. [PMID: 30571485 PMCID: PMC6404433 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The physiological function of ADTRP (androgen‐dependent tissue factor pathway inhibitor regulating protein) is unknown. We previously identified ADTRP as coregulating with and supporting the anticoagulant activity of tissue factor pathway inhibitor in endothelial cells in vitro. Here, we studied the role of ADTRP in vivo, specifically related to vascular development, stability, and function. Methods and Results Genetic inhibition of Adtrp produced vascular malformations in the low‐pressure vasculature of zebrafish embryos and newborn mice: dilation/tortuosity, perivascular inflammation, extravascular proteolysis, increased permeability, and microhemorrhages, which produced partially penetrant lethality. Vascular leakiness correlated with decreased endothelial cell junction components VE‐cadherin and claudin‐5. Changes in hemostasis in young adults comprised modest decrease of tissue factor pathway inhibitor antigen and activity and increased tail bleeding time and volume. Cell‐based reporter assays revealed that ADTRP negatively regulates canonical Wnt signaling, affecting membrane events downstream of low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 6 (LRP6) and upstream of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. ADTRP deficiency increased aberrant/ectopic Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in vivo in newborn mice and zebrafish embryos, and upregulated matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)‐9 in endothelial cells and mast cells (MCs). Vascular lesions in newborn Adtrp−/− pups displayed accumulation of MCs, decreased extracellular matrix content, and deficient perivascular cell coverage. Wnt‐pathway inhibition reversed the increased mmp9 in zebrafish embryos, demonstrating that mmp9 expression induced by Adtrp deficiency was downstream of canonical Wnt signaling. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate that ADTRP plays a major role in vascular development and function, most likely through expression in endothelial cells and/or perivascular cells of Wnt‐regulated genes that control vascular stability and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulin M Patel
- 1 Cardiovascular Biology Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City OK.,3 Department of Cell Biology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK
| | - Amanda R Behar
- 1 Cardiovascular Biology Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City OK
| | - Robert Silasi
- 1 Cardiovascular Biology Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City OK
| | - Girija Regmi
- 1 Cardiovascular Biology Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City OK
| | - Christopher L Sansam
- 2 Cell Cycle & Cancer Biology Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City OK
| | - Ravi S Keshari
- 1 Cardiovascular Biology Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City OK
| | - Florea Lupu
- 1 Cardiovascular Biology Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City OK.,3 Department of Cell Biology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK.,4 Department of Pathology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK
| | - Cristina Lupu
- 1 Cardiovascular Biology Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City OK
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is paramount in limiting vasogenic edema following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study was to ascertain if quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic commonly used in trauma/critical care for delirium, protects the BBB and attenuates hyperpermeability in TBI. METHODS The effect of quetiapine on hyperpermeability was examined through molecular modeling, cellular models in vitro and small animal models in vivo. Molecular docking was performed with AutoDock Vina to matrix metalloproteinase-9. Rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were pretreated with quetiapine (20 μM; 1 hour) followed by an inflammatory activator (20 μg/mL chitosan; 2 hours) and compared to controls. Immunofluorescence localization for tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and adherens junction protein β-catenin was performed. Human BMECs were grown as a monolayer and pretreated with quetiapine (20 μM; 1 hour) followed by chitosan (20 μg/mL; 2 hours), and transendothelial electrical resistance was measured. C57BL/6 mice (n = 5/group) underwent mild to moderate TBI (controlled cortical impactor) or sham craniotomy. The treatment group was given 10 mg/kg quetiapine intravenously 10 minutes after TBI. The difference in fluorescence intensity between intravascular and interstitium (ΔI) represented BBB hyperpermeability. A matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity assay was performed in brain tissue from animals in the experimental groups ex vivo. RESULTS In silico studies showed quetiapine thermodynamically favorable binding to MMP-9. Junctional localization of zonula occludens-1 and β-catenin showed retained integrity in quetiapine-treated cells as compared with the chitosan group in rat BMECs. Quetiapine attenuated monolayer permeability compared with chitosan group (p < 0.05) in human BMECs. In the animal studies, there was a significant decrease in BBB hyperpermeability and MMP-9 activity when compared between the TBI and TBI plus quetiapine groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Quetiapine treatment may have novel anti-inflammatory properties to provide protection to the BBB by preserving tight junction integrity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE level IV.
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15
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Mishra R, Lata S, Ali A, Banerjea AC. Dengue haemorrhagic fever: a job done via exosomes? Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:1626-1635. [PMID: 31711408 PMCID: PMC6853225 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1685913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is one of those unique diseases where host immune responses largely determine the pathogenesis and its severity. Earlier studies have established the fact that dengue virus (DENV) infection causes haemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome, but it is not directly responsible for exhibiting these clinical symptoms. It is noteworthy that clinically, vascular leakage syndrome does not develop for several days after infection despite a robust innate immune response that elicits the production of proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines. The onset of hyperpermeability in severe cases of dengue disease takes place around the time of defervescence and after clearance of viraemia. Extracellular vesicles are known to carry biological information (mRNA, miRNA, transcription factors) from their cells of origin and have emerged as a significant vehicle for horizontal transfer of stress signals. In dengue virus infection, the relevance of exosomes can be instrumental since the majority of the immune responses in severe dengue involve heavy secretion and circulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Here, we present an updated review which will address the unique and puzzling features of hyperpermeability associated with DENV infection with a special focus on the role of secreted extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Mishra
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh Lata
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amjad Ali
- Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhil C. Banerjea
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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16
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Xiao F, Wang D, Kong L, Li M, Feng Z, Shuai B, Wang L, Wei Y, Li H, Wu S, Tan C, Zhao H, Hu X, Liu J, Kang Y, Liao X, Zhou Y, Zhang W. Intermedin protects against sepsis by concurrently re-establishing the endothelial barrier and alleviating inflammatory responses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2644. [PMID: 29980671 PMCID: PMC6035189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Widespread vascular hyperpermeability and a “cytokine storm” are two pathophysiological hallmarks of sepsis. Here, we show that intermedin (IMD), a member of the calcitonin family, alleviates organ injury and decreases mortality in septic mice by concurrently alleviating vascular leakage and inflammatory responses. IMD promotes the relocation of vascular endothelial cadherin through a Rab11-dependent pathway to dynamically repair the disrupted endothelial junction. Additionally, IMD decreases inflammatory responses by reducing macrophage infiltration via downregulating CCR2 expression. IMD peptide administration ameliorates organ injuries and significantly improves the survival of septic mice, and the experimental results correlate with the clinical data. Patients with high IMD levels exhibit a lower risk of shock, lower severity scores, and greatly improved survival outcomes than those with low IMD levels. Based on our data, IMD may be an important self-protective factor in response to sepsis. Sepsis is a life-threatening condition. Here, the authors show that intermedin alleviates organ injury and decreases mortality in septic mice by concurrently alleviating vascular leakage and inflammatory responses. Patients with high intermedin levels exhibit a low risk of shock, lower severity scores, and greatly improved survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Denian Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingmiao Kong
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhongxue Feng
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bingxing Shuai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong'gang Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sisi Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chun Tan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuejiao Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuelian Liao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Sepúlveda C, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction during aging: Predisposition to thrombosis. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:91-99. [PMID: 28477984 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is aging. In the elderly endothelial dysfunction occurs as altered endothelial ability to regulate hemostasis, vascular tone and cell permeability. In addition, there are changes in the expression and plasma levels of important endothelial components related to endothelial-mediated modulation in hemostasis. These include alterations in the metabolism of nitric oxide and prostanoides, endothelin-1, thrombomodulin and Von Willebrand factor. These alterations potentiate the pro-coagulant status developed with aging, highlighting the endothelial role in the development of thrombosis in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Sepúlveda
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Platelet Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001, Chile; Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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18
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Edrissi H, Schock SC, Hakim AM, Thompson CS. Microparticles generated during chronic cerebral ischemia increase the permeability of microvascular endothelial barriers in vitro. Brain Res 2015; 1634:83-93. [PMID: 26723565 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Numbers of circulating microparticles (MPs) are elevated in a variety of cardiovascular disorders, and recent studies indicate that they are involved in inflammatory intercellular signaling. In the present study the signaling properties of MPs were assessed in an in vitro model of the blood brain barrier. MPs isolated from the plasma of rats exposed to chronic cerebral ischemia caused a significant reduction in the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) when applied to in vitro endothelial barriers, while MPs isolated from an equal volume of plasma from unoperated or sham operated rats did not. The reduction in TEER was attenuated by treating endothelial barriers prior to exposure to MPs with the caspase 3 inhibitor AC-DEVD-CHO, the TNF-α inhibitor SPD304, the tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (TACE, ADAM 17) inhibitor TAPI-0-1 and the Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632, and by treating the MPs themselves with these inhibitors prior to applying them to cultured cells. This observation indicates that MPs generated during cerebral ischemia contain pro-TNF-α, active TACE and active ROCK. ROCK and Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) were detected in MPs by western blot. The growth factor VEGF stimulated transcellular transport in endothelial barriers while exposure to MPs did not. We conclude that the increase in permeability of artificial barriers induced by MPs is primarily due to enhanced apoptosis induced by activation of the TNF-α pathway and activated caspase 3 and Rho kinases delivered to endothelial cells by MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Edrissi
- University of Ottawa, Neuroscience Graduate Program, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Sarah C Schock
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Antoine M Hakim
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Charlie S Thompson
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5.
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Tharakan B, McNeal SI, Hunter FA, Sawant DA, Smythe WR, Childs EW. RECOMBINANT BCL-XL ATTENUATES VASCULAR HYPERPERMEABILITY IN A RAT MODEL OF HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1. [PMID: 27042339 PMCID: PMC4816600 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Following hemorrhagic shock (HS), vascular hyperpermeability, that is, the leakage of fluid, nutrients and proteins into the extravascular space occurs primarily due to the disruption of the endothelial cell–cell adherens junctional complex. Studies from our laboratory demonstrate that activation of the mitochondria-mediated ‘intrinsic’ apoptotic signaling cascade has a significant role in modulating HS-induced hyperpermeability. Here we report the novel use of recombinant Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic protein, to control HS-induced vascular hyperpermeability. Our results corroborate involvement of vascular hyperpermeability and apoptotic signaling. HS (the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced to 40 mm Hg for 60 min followed by resuscitation to 90 mm Hg for 60 min) in rats resulted in vascular hyperpermeability as determined by intravital microscopy. Treatment of Bcl-xL (2.5 µg/ml of rat blood in non-lipid cationic polymer, i.v.) before, during and even after HS attenuated or reversed HS-induced vascular hyperpermeability significantly (P<0.05). Conversely, treatment using Bcl-xL inhibitors, 2-methoxy antimycin (2-OMeAA) and ABT 737, significantly increased vascular hyperpermeability compared with sham (P<0.05). Bcl-xL treatment also decreased the amount of fluid volume required to maintain a MAP of 90 mm Hg during resuscitation (P<0.05). HS resulted in an increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation, reduction of ΔΨm, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and significant activation of caspase-3 (P<0.05). All of these effects were significantly inhibited by Bcl-xL pre-treatment (P<0.05). Our results show that recombinant Bcl-xL is effective against HS-induced vascular hyperpermeability that appears to be mediated through the preservation of ΔΨm and subsequent prevention of caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX. USA
| | - Sam I McNeal
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. USA
| | - Felicia A Hunter
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. USA
| | - Devendra A Sawant
- School of Anatomical Science, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV. USA
| | | | - Ed W Childs
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. USA
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Sawant DA, Tharakan B, Hunter FA, Childs EW. The role of intrinsic apoptotic signaling in hemorrhagic shock-induced microvascular endothelial cell barrier dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2014; 7:711-8. [PMID: 25277298 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-014-9589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock leads to endothelial cell barrier dysfunction resulting in microvascular hyperpermeability. Hemorrhagic shock-induced microvascular hyperpermeability is associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with traumatic injuries. The results from our laboratory have illustrated a possible pathophysiological mechanism showing involvement of mitochondria-mediated "intrinsic" apoptotic signaling in regulating hemorrhagic shock-induced microvascular hyperpermeability. Hemorrhagic shock results in overexpression of Bcl-2 family of pro-apoptotic protein, BAK, in the microvascular endothelial cells. The increase in BAK initiates "intrinsic" apoptotic signaling cascade with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in the cytoplasm and activation of downstream effector caspase-3, leading to loss of endothelial cell barrier integrity. Thus, this review article offers a brief overview of important findings from our past and present research work along with new leads for future research. The summary of our research work will provide information leading to different avenues in developing novel strategies against microvascular hyperpermeability following hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra A Sawant
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
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21
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Oakley R, Tharakan B. Vascular hyperpermeability and aging. Aging Dis 2014; 5:114-25. [PMID: 24729937 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0500114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular hyperpermeability, the excessive leakage of fluid and proteins from blood vessels to the interstitial space, commonly occurs in traumatic and ischemic injuries. This hyperpermeability causes tissue vasogenic edema, which often leads to multiple organ failure resulting in patient death. Vascular hyperpermeability occurs most readily in small blood vessels as their more delicate physical constitution makes them an easy target for barrier dysfunction. A single layer of endothelial cells, linked to one another by cell adhesion molecules, covers the interior surface of each blood vessel. The cell adhesion molecules play a key role in maintaining barrier functions like the regulation of permeability. Aging is a major risk factor for microvascular dysfunction and hyperpermeability. Apart from age-related remodeling of the vascular wall, endothelial barrier integrity and function declines with the advancement of age. Studies that address the physiological and molecular basis of vascular permeability regulation in aging are currently very limited. There have been many cellular and molecular mechanisms proposed to explain aging-related endothelial dysfunction but their true relationship to barrier dysfunction and hyperpermeability is not clearly known. Among the several mechanisms that promote vascular dysfunction and hyperpermeability, the following are considered major contributors: oxidative stress, inflammation, and the activation of apoptotic signaling pathways. In this review we highlighted (a) the physiological, cellular and molecular changes that occur in the vascular system as a product of aging; (b) the potential mechanisms by which aging leads to barrier dysfunction and vascular hyperpermeability in the peripheral and the blood-brain barrier; (c) the mechanisms by which the age-related increases in oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and apoptotic signaling etc. cause endothelial dysfunction and their relationship to hyperpermeability; and (d) the relationship between aging, vascular permeability and traumatic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine & Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas, USA
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Widiapradja A, Santro T, Basta M, Sobey CG, Manzanero S, Arumugam TV. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) provides protection against endothelial cell dysfunction and death in ischemic stroke. EXPERIMENTAL & TRANSLATIONAL STROKE MEDICINE 2014; 6:7. [PMID: 24991401 PMCID: PMC4079166 DOI: 10.1186/2040-7378-6-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain endothelium is a key component of the blood brain barrier which is compromised following ischemia, allowing infiltration of damaging immune cells and other inflammatory molecules into the brain. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is known to reduce infarct size in a mouse model of experimental stroke. FINDINGS Flow cytometry analysis showed that the protective effect of IVIg in ischemia and reperfusion injury in vivo is associated with reduced leukocyte infiltration, suggesting an involvement of the endothelium. In an in vitro model of ischemia, permeability analysis of the mouse brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3 revealed that IVIg prevented the loss of permeability caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). In addition, western blot analysis of these brain endothelial cells showed that IVIg prevented the down-regulation of tight junction proteins claudin 5 and occludin and the decline in anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL caused by OGD. CONCLUSION IVIg protects endothelial cells from ischemic insult. These studies support the use of IVIg as a pharmacological intervention for stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Widiapradja
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tomislav Santro
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | | | - Silvia Manzanero
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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