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Guérin M, Lepeltier E. Nanomedicines via the pulmonary route: a promising strategy to reach the target? Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01590-1. [PMID: 38587757 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, research on nanomedicines as innovative tools in combating complex pathologies has increased tenfold, spanning fields from infectiology and ophthalmology to oncology. This process has further accelerated since the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. When it comes to human health, nano-objects are designed to protect, transport, and improve the solubility of compounds to allow the delivery of active ingredients on their targets. Nanomedicines can be administered by different routes, such as intravenous, oral, intramuscular, or pulmonary routes. In the latter route, nanomedicines can be aerosolized or nebulized to reach the deep lung. This review summarizes existing nanomedicines proposed for inhalation administration, from their synthesis to their potential clinical use. It also outlines the respiratory organs, their structure, and particularities, with a specific emphasis on how these factors impact the administration of nanomedicines. Furthermore, the review addresses the organs accessible through pulmonary administration, along with various pathologies such as infections, genetic diseases, or cancer that can be addressed through inhaled nanotherapeutics. Finally, it examines the existing devices suitable for the aerosolization of nanomedicines and the range of nanomedicines in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Guérin
- Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, 49000, Angers, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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2
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Han H, Xing L, Chen BT, Liu Y, Zhou TJ, Wang Y, Zhang LF, Li L, Cho CS, Jiang HL. Progress on the pathological tissue microenvironment barrier-modulated nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 200:115051. [PMID: 37549848 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance in the tissue microenvironment is the main obstacle to drug delivery and distribution in the human body. Before penetrating the pathological tissue microenvironment to the target site, therapeutic agents are usually accompanied by three consumption steps: the first step is tissue physical barriers for prevention of their penetration, the second step is inactivation of them by biological molecules, and the third step is a cytoprotective mechanism for preventing them from functioning on specific subcellular organelles. However, recent studies in drug-hindering mainly focus on normal physiological rather than pathological microenvironment, and the repair of damaged physiological barriers is also rarely discussed. Actually, both the modulation of pathological barriers and the repair of damaged physiological barriers are essential in the disease treatment and the homeostasis maintenance. In this review, we present an overview describing the latest advances in the generality of these pathological barriers and barrier-modulated nanomedicine. Overall, this review holds considerable significance for guiding the design of nanomedicine to increase drug efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Bi-Te Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ling-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
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3
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Li J, Zhang Y, Dong PY, Yang GM, Gurunathan S. A comprehensive review on the composition, biogenesis, purification, and multifunctional role of exosome as delivery vehicles for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115087. [PMID: 37392659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
All forms of life produce nanosized extracellular vesicles called exosomes, which are enclosed in lipid bilayer membranes. Exosomes engage in cell-to-cell communication and participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes function via their bioactive components, which are delivered to target cells in the form of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Exosomes function as drug delivery vehicles due to their unique properties of innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, biodistribution, accumulation in desired tissues, low toxicity in normal tissues, and the stimulation of anti-cancer immune responses, and penetration capacity into distance organs. Exosomes mediate cellular communications by delivering various bioactive molecules including oncogenes, oncomiRs, proteins, specific DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). These bioactive substances can be transferred to change the transcriptome of target cells and influence tumor-related signaling pathways. After considering all of the available literature, in this review we discuss the biogenesis, composition, production, and purification of exosomes. We briefly review exosome isolation and purification techniques. We explore great-length exosomes as a mechanism for delivering a variety of substances, including proteins, nucleic acids, small chemicals, and chemotherapeutic drugs. We also talk about the benefits and drawbacks of exosomes. This review concludes with a discussion future perspective and challenges. We hope that this review will provide us a better understanding of the current state of nanomedicine and exosome applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Pei-Yu Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guo-Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Pollachi Road, Eachanari, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641021, India.
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Sécher T, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. Barriers for orally inhaled therapeutic antibodies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1071-1084. [PMID: 37609943 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2249821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory diseases represent a worldwide health issue. The recent Sars-CoV-2 pandemic, the burden of lung cancer, and inflammatory respiratory diseases urged the development of innovative therapeutic solutions. In this context, therapeutic antibodies (Abs) offer a tremendous opportunity to benefit patients with respiratory diseases. Delivering Ab through the airways has been demonstrated to be relevant to improve their therapeutic index. However, few inhaled Abs are on the market. AREAS COVERED This review describes the different barriers that may alter the fate of inhaled therapeutic Abs in the lungs at steady state. It addresses both physical and biological barriers and discusses the importance of taking into consideration the pathological changes occurring during respiratory disease, which may reinforce these barriers. EXPERT OPINION The pulmonary route remains rare for delivering therapeutic Abs, with few approved inhaled molecules, despite promising evidence. Efforts must focus on the intertwined barriers associated with lung diseases to develop appropriate Ab-formulation-device combo, ensuring optimal Ab deposition in the respiratory tract. Finally, randomized controlled clinical trials should be carried out to establish inhaled Ab therapy as prominent against respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sécher
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, France
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Guazzelli N, Cacopardo L, Corti A, Ahluwalia A. An integrated in silico- in vitro approach for bioprinting core-shell bioarchitectures. Int J Bioprint 2023; 9:771. [PMID: 37457929 PMCID: PMC10339450 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological tissues possess a high degree of structural complexity characterized by curvature and stratification of different tissue layers. Despite recent advances in in vitro technology, current engineering solutions do not comprise both of these features. In this paper, we present an integrated in silico-in vitro strategy for the design and fabrication of biological barriers with controlled curvature and architecture. Analytical and computational tools combined with advanced bioprinting methods are employed to optimize living inks for bioprinting-structured core-shell constructs based on alginate. A finite element model is used to compute the hindered diffusion and crosslinking phenomena involved in the formation of core-shell structures and to predict the width of the shell as a function of material parameters. Constructs with a solid alginate-based shell and a solid, liquid, or air core can be reproducibly printed using the workflow. As a proof of concept, epithelial cells and fibroblasts were bioprinted respectively in a liquid core (10 mg/mL Pluronic) and in a solid shell (20 mg/mL alginate plus 20 mg/mL gelatin, used for providing the cells with adhesive moieties). These constructs had a roundness of 97.6% and an average diameter of 1500 ±136 μm. Moreover, their viability was close to monolayer controls (74.12% ± 22.07%) after a week in culture, and the paracellular transport was twice that of cell-free constructs, indicating cell polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Guazzelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center E. Piaggio, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- 3R Centre, Inter-University Centre for the Promotion of the 3R Principles in Education and Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ludovica Cacopardo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center E. Piaggio, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- 3R Centre, Inter-University Centre for the Promotion of the 3R Principles in Education and Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arti Ahluwalia
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center E. Piaggio, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- 3R Centre, Inter-University Centre for the Promotion of the 3R Principles in Education and Research, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Azizi M, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Samadian H, Hamidi M, Seidi K, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Yazdi AA, Shavandi A, Laurent S, Be Omide Hagh M, Kasaiyan N, Santos HA, Shahbazi MA. Multifunctional nanostructures: Intelligent design to overcome biological barriers. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100672. [PMID: 37273793 PMCID: PMC10232915 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, nanoscience has offered a unique solution for reducing the systemic toxicity of chemotherapy drugs and for increasing drug therapeutic efficiency. However, the poor accumulation and pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles are some of the key reasons for their slow translation into the clinic. The is intimately linked to the non-biological nature of nanoparticles and the aberrant features of solid cancer, which together significantly compromise nanoparticle delivery. New findings on the unique properties of tumors and their interactions with nanoparticles and the human body suggest that, contrary to what was long-believed, tumor features may be more mirage than miracle, as the enhanced permeability and retention based efficacy is estimated to be as low as 1%. In this review, we highlight the current barriers and available solutions to pave the way for approved nanoformulations. Furthermore, we aim to discuss the main solutions to solve inefficient drug delivery with the use of nanobioengineering of nanocarriers and the tumor environment. Finally, we will discuss the suggested strategies to overcome two or more biological barriers with one nanocarrier. The variety of design formats, applications and implications of each of these methods will also be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azizi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoud Hamidi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles-BioMatter Unit, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Ahmadieh Yazdi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amin Shavandi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles-BioMatter Unit, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons – UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Mahsa Be Omide Hagh
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Kasaiyan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, Netherlands
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7
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Petrikaite V, D'Avanzo N, Celia C, Fresta M. Nanocarriers overcoming biological barriers induced by multidrug resistance of chemotherapeutics in 2D and 3D cancer models. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 68:100956. [PMID: 36958083 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is currently a big challenge in cancer therapy and limits its success in several patients. Tumors use the MDR mechanisms to colonize the host and reduce the efficacy of chemotherapeutics that are injected as single agents or combinations. MDR mechanisms are responsible for inactivation of drugs and formbiological barriers in cancer like the drug efflux pumps, aberrant extracellular matrix, hypoxic areas, altered cell death mechanisms, etc. Nanocarriers have some potential to overcome these barriers and improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. In fact, they are versatile and can deliver natural and synthetic biomolecules, as well as RNAi/DNAi, thus providing a controlled release of drugs and a synergistic effect in tumor tissues. Biocompatible and safe multifunctional biopolymers, with or without specific targeting molecules, modify the surface and interface properties of nanocarriers. These modifications affect the interaction of nanocarriers with cellular models as well as the selection of suitable models for in vitro experiments. MDR cancer cells, and particularly their 2D and 3D models, in combination with anatomical and physiological structures of tumor tissues, can boost the design and preparation of nanomedicines for anticancer therapy. 2D and 3D cancer cell cultures are suitable models to study the interaction, internalization, and efficacy of nanocarriers, the mechanisms of MDR in cancer cells and tissues, and they are used to tailor a personalized medicine and improve the efficacy of anticancer treatment in patients. The description of molecular mechanisms and physio-pathological pathways of these models further allow the design of nanomedicine that can efficiently overcome biological barriers involved in MDR and test the activity of nanocarriers in 2D and 3D models of MDR cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma Petrikaite
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Nicola D'Avanzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale "S. Venuta" s.n.c., 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Pang H, Huang X, Xu ZP, Chen C, Han FY. Progress in oral insulin delivery by PLGA nanoparticles for the management of diabetes. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103393. [PMID: 36208724 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the only practical way to treat type 1 and advanced insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1/2DM) is the frequent subcutaneous injection of insulin, which is significantly different physiologically from endogenous insulin secretion from pancreatic islets and can lead to hyperinsulinemia, pain, and infection in patients with poor compliance. Hence, oral insulin delivery has been actively pursued to revolutionize the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. In this review, we provide an overview of recent progress in developing poly(lactic co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) for oral insulin delivery. Different strategies for insulin-loaded PLGA NPs to achieve normoglycemic effects are discussed. Finally, challenges and future perspectives of PLGA NPs for oral insulin delivery are put forward.
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9
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Cong Y, Baimanov D, Zhou Y, Chen C, Wang L. Penetration and translocation of functional inorganic nanomaterials into biological barriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114615. [PMID: 36356929 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With excellent physicochemical properties, inorganic nanomaterials (INMs) have exhibited a series of attractive applications in biomedical fields. Biological barriers prevent successful delivery of nanomedicine in living systems that limits the development of nanomedicine especially for sufficient delivery of drugs and effective therapy. Numerous researches have focused on overcoming these biological barriers and homogeneity of organisms to enhance therapeutic efficacy, however, most of these strategies fail to resolve these challenges. In this review, we present the latest progress about how INMs interact with biological barriers and penetrate these barriers. We also summarize that both native structure and components of biological barriers and physicochemical properties of INMs contributed to the penetration capacity. Knowledge about the relationship between INMs structure and penetration capacity will guide the design and application of functional and efficient nanomedicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China & Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Didar Baimanov
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China & Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Yunlong Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China & Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong, PR China; Research Unit of Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Liming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China & Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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10
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Wang N, Li J, Wang J, Nie D, Jiang X, Zhuo Y, Yu M. Shape-directed drug release and transport of erythrocyte-like nanodisks augment chemotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 350:886-897. [PMID: 36087799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle shape has been recognized as a crucial parameter to affect the transport across various biological barriers, but its impact on drug release and the resulting therapeutic efficacy is less understood. Inspired by erythrocytes with shape-facilitated oxygen-carrying and penetrating abilities, we constructed artificial erythrocyte-like nanoparticles (RNDs) by wrapping discoidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles with red blood cell membrane. We observed that, compared with their spherical and rod-shaped counterparts with monotonic drug release profiles, RNDs displayed an on-demand drug release pattern mimicking natural erythrocytes, that is, they could rapidly release loaded oxygen and doxorubicin (DOX) in hypoxic condition but were relatively stable in high oxygen areas. Besides, the discoidal shape also endowed RNDs with facilitated transport capability in tumor extracellular matrix, contributing to increased tumor permeability. In tumor models, systemically administrated RNDs efficiently infiltrate throughout tumor tissue, successfully relieve tumor hypoxia, and further altered the cancer cell cycle status from G1 to G2 phase, enhancing cancer cell sensitivity to DOX correlated with improved chemotherapy efficacy. In contrast, nanospheres show hampered permeability, and nanorods suffer from insufficient intratumoral drug accumulation. These findings can offer guidelines for the use of particle shape as a design criterion to control drug release, transportation, and therapeutics delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Di Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohe Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Miaorong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Waheed S, Li Z, Zhang F, Chiarini A, Armato U, Wu J. Engineering nano-drug biointerface to overcome biological barriers toward precision drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:395. [PMID: 36045386 PMCID: PMC9428887 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of nanomedicine and nanoparticle (NP) materials presents novel solutions potentially capable of revolutionizing health care by improving efficacy, bioavailability, drug targeting, and safety. NPs are intriguing when considering medical applications because of their essential and unique qualities, including a significantly higher surface to mass ratio, quantum properties, and the potential to adsorb and transport drugs and other compounds. However, NPs must overcome or navigate several biological barriers of the human body to successfully deliver drugs at precise locations. Engineering the drug carrier biointerface can help overcome the main biological barriers and optimize the drug delivery in a more personalized manner. This review discusses the significant heterogeneous biological delivery barriers and how biointerface engineering can promote drug carriers to prevail over hurdles and navigate in a more personalized manner, thus ushering in the era of Precision Medicine. We also summarize the nanomedicines' current advantages and disadvantages in drug administration, from natural/synthetic sources to clinical applications. Additionally, we explore the innovative NP designs used in both non-personalized and customized applications as well as how they can attain a precise therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saquib Waheed
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Fangyingnan Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Anna Chiarini
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, 37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, 37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics & Gynaecology, University of Verona Medical School, 37134, Verona, Venetia, Italy.
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12
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Falahati M, Sharifi M, Hagen TLMT. Explaining chemical clues of metal organic framework-nanozyme nano-/micro-motors in targeted treatment of cancers: benchmarks and challenges. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:153. [PMID: 35331244 PMCID: PMC8943504 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, nano-/micro-motors are considered as powerful tools in different areas ranging from cleaning all types of contaminants, to development of Targeted drug delivery systems and diagnostic activities. Therefore, the development and application of nano-/micro-motors based on metal–organic frameworks with nanozyme activity (abbreviated as: MOF-NZs) in biomedical activities have received much interest recently. Therefore, after investigating the catalytic properties and applications of MOF-NZs in the treatment of cancer, this study intends to point out their key role in the production of biocompatible nano-/micro-motors. Since reducing the toxicity of MOF-NZ nano-/micro-motors can pave the way for medical activities, this article examines the methods of making biocompatible nanomotors to address the benefits and drawbacks of the required propellants. In the following, an analysis of the amplified directional motion of MOF-NZ nano-/micro-motors under physiological conditions is presented, which can improve the motor behaviors in the propulsion function, conductivity, targeting, drug release, and possible elimination. Meanwhile, by explaining the use of MOF-NZ nano-/micro-motors in the treatment of cancer through the possible synergy of nanomotors with different therapies, it was revealed that MOF-NZ nano-/micro-motors can be effective in the treatment of cancer. Ultimately, by analyzing the potential challenges of MOF-NZ nano-/micro-motors in the treatment of cancers, we hope to encourage researchers to develop MOF-NZs-based nanomotors, in addition to opening up new ideas to address ongoing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Falahati
- Laboratory Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Majid Sharifi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. .,Depatment of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Park H, Otte A, Park K. Evolution of drug delivery systems: From 1950 to 2020 and beyond. J Control Release 2022; 342:53-65. [PMID: 34971694 PMCID: PMC8840987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Modern drug delivery technology began in 1952 with the advent of the Spansule® sustained-release capsule technology, which can deliver a drug for 12 h after oral administration through an initial immediate dose followed by the remaining released gradually. Until the 1980s, oral and transdermal formulations providing therapeutic durations up to 24 h for small molecules dominated the drug delivery field and the market. The introduction of Lupron Depot® in 1989 opened the door for long-acting injectables and implantables, extending the drug delivery duration from days to months and occasionally years. Notably, the new technologies allowed long-term delivery of peptide and protein drugs, although limited to parenteral administration. The introduction of the first PEGylated protein, Adagen®, in 1990 marked the new era of PEGylation, resulting in Doxil® (doxorubicin in PEGylated liposome) in 1995, Movantik® (PEGylated naloxone - naloxegol) in 2014, and Onpattro® (Patisiran - siRNA in PEGylated lipid nanoparticle) in 2018. Drug-polymer complexes were introduced, e.g., InFed® (iron-dextran complex injection) in 1974 and Abraxane® (paclitaxel-albumin complex) in 2005. In 2000, both Mylotarg™ (antibody-drug conjugate - gemtuzumab ozogamicin) and Rapamune® (sirolimus nanocrystal formulation) were introduced. The year 2000 also marked the launching of the National Nanotechnology Initiative by the U.S. government, which was soon followed by the rest of the world. Extensive work on nanomedicine, particularly formulations designed to escape from endosomes after being taken by tumor cells, along with PEGylation technology, ultimately resulted in the timely development of lipid nanoparticle formulations for COVID-19 vaccine delivery in 2020. While the advances in drug delivery technologies for the last seven decades are breathtaking, they are only the tip of an iceberg of technologies that have yet to be utilized in an approved formulation or even to be discovered. As life expectancy continues to increase, more people require long-term care for various diseases. Filling the current and future unmet needs requires innovative drug delivery technologies to overcome age-old familiar hurdles, e.g., improving water-solubility of poorly soluble drugs, overcoming biological barriers, and developing more efficient long-acting depot formulations. The lessons learned from the past are essential assets for developing future drug delivery technologies implemented into products. As the development of COVID-19 vaccines demonstrated, meeting the unforeseen crisis of the uncertain future requires continuous cumulation of failures (as learning experiences), knowledge, and technologies. Conscious efforts of supporting diversified research topics in the drug delivery field are urgently needed more than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Otte
- Purdue University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Kinam Park
- Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, IN 47906,Purdue University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
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14
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Parodi A, Buzaeva P, Nigovora D, Baldin A, Kostyushev D, Chulanov V, Savvateeva LV, Zamyatnin AA. Nanomedicine for increasing the oral bioavailability of cancer treatments. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:354. [PMID: 34717658 PMCID: PMC8557561 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Oral administration is an appealing route of delivering cancer treatments. However, the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by specific and efficient physical, chemical, and biological barriers that decrease the bioavailability of medications, including chemotherapeutics. In recent decades, the fields of material science and nanomedicine have generated several delivery platforms with high potential for overcoming multiple barriers associated to oral administration. This review describes the properties of several nanodelivery systems that improve the bioavailability of orally administered therapeutics, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in generating successful anticancer oral nanomedicines. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Parodi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia. .,Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russia.
| | - Polina Buzaeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Nigovora
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Baldin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russia.,National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russia.,National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, 127994, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia. .,Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340, Sochi, Russia. .,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia. .,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7X, UK.
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15
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Yang X, Xie Y. Recent advances in polymeric core-shell nanocarriers for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121094. [PMID: 34534631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The treatment effect of chemotherapeutics is often impeded by nonspecific biodistribution and limited biocompatibility. Polymeric core-shell nanocarriers (PCS NCs) composed of a polymer core and at least one shell have been widely applied for cancer therapy and have shown great potential in selectively delivering chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor sites. These PCS NCs can effectively ameliorate the delivery efficiency and therapeutic index of anticarcinogens by prolonging drug residence in the bloodstream, enhancing tumor tissue drug penetration, facilitating cellular drug uptake, controlling the spatiotemporal release of payloads, or codelivering two or more bioactive agents. This review summarizes recently published literature on using PCS NCs to transport chemotherapeutic drugs with poor aqueous solubility and discusses their design principles, structural features, functional properties, and potential limitations.
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16
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Al Ojaimi Y, Blin T, Lamamy J, Gracia M, Pitiot A, Denevault-Sabourin C, Joubert N, Pouget JP, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Lanznaster D, Poty S, Sécher T. Therapeutic antibodies - natural and pathological barriers and strategies to overcome them. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108022. [PMID: 34687769 PMCID: PMC8527648 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics have become a major class of therapeutics with over 120 recombinant antibodies approved or under review in the EU or US. This therapeutic class has experienced a remarkable expansion with an expected acceleration in 2021-2022 due to the extraordinary global response to SARS-CoV2 pandemic and the public disclosure of over a hundred anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies. Mainly delivered intravenously, alternative delivery routes have emerged to improve antibody therapeutic index and patient comfort. A major hurdle for antibody delivery and efficacy as well as the development of alternative administration routes, is to understand the different natural and pathological barriers that antibodies face as soon as they enter the body up to the moment they bind to their target antigen. In this review, we discuss the well-known and more under-investigated extracellular and cellular barriers faced by antibodies. We also discuss some of the strategies developed in the recent years to overcome these barriers and increase antibody delivery to its site of action. A better understanding of the biological barriers that antibodies have to face will allow the optimization of antibody delivery near its target. This opens the way to the development of improved therapy with less systemic side effects and increased patients' adherence to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Al Ojaimi
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Timothée Blin
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Juliette Lamamy
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; GICC, EA7501, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Matthieu Gracia
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Aubin Pitiot
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
| | | | - Nicolas Joubert
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; GICC, EA7501, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pouget
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | | | | | - Débora Lanznaster
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Sophie Poty
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Thomas Sécher
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
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17
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Lin C, Gao H, Ouyang L. Advance cardiac nanomedicine by targeting the pathophysiological characteristics of heart failure. J Control Release 2021; 337:494-504. [PMID: 34358590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has continued to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nanomedicine, which can deliver therapeutic drugs/biomolecules specifically to damaged myocardium and overcome the limitations of conventional therapies, shows great potential in the treatment of HF. Although a number of preclinical studies of cardiac nanoformulations have been published, targeted nanomedicine for HF is yet to be applied in clinical practice. Therefore, it is meaningful to sum up past experiences and deepen the understanding of nanomedicine and HF. In this review, we first emphasized the key biological barriers to cardiac nanomedicine that hinder its targeting effect. Since the rational design of nanoparticles should take into account the specific characteristics of HF, we then summarized the key pathophysiological changes of HF to provide a clear understanding on HF, as well as the latest examples of nanotechnology-based delivery strategies for different pathophysiological characteristics. Finally, the major challenges are discussed in detail, aiming to provide guidance for future development of cardiac nanomedicine.
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Abstract
Immunotherapies have been heavily explored in the last decade, ranging from new treatments for cancer to allergic diseases. These therapies target the immune system, a complex organ system consisting of tissues with intricate structures and cells with a multitude of functions. To better understand immune functions and develop better therapeutics, many cellular and 2-dimensional (2D) tissue models have been developed. However, research has demonstrated that the 3-dimensional (3D) tissue structure can significantly affect cellular functions, and this is not recapitulated by more traditional 2D models. Microfluidics has been used to design 3D tissue models that allow for intricate arrangements of cells and extracellular spaces, thus allowing for more physiologically relevant in vitro model systems. Here, we summarize the multitude of microfluidic devices designed to study the immune system with the ultimate goal to improve existing and design new immunotherapies. We have included models of the different immune organs, including bone marrow and lymph node (LN), models of immunity in diseases such as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, and therapeutic models to test or engineer new immune-modulatory treatments. We particularly emphasize research on how microfluidic devices are used to better understand different physiological states and how interactions within the immune microenvironment can influence the efficacy of immunotherapies.
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19
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Liu Y, Zhou J, Li Q, Li L, Jia Y, Geng F, Zhou J, Yin T. Tumor microenvironment remodeling-based penetration strategies to amplify nanodrug accessibility to tumor parenchyma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:80-103. [PMID: 33705874 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable advances in nano delivery systems have provided new hope for tumor prevention, diagnosis and treatment. However, only limited clinical therapeutic effects against solid tumors were achieved. One of the main reasons is the presence of abundant physiological and pathological barriers in vivo that impair tumoral penetration and distribution of the nanodrugs. These barriers are related to the components of tumor microenvironment (TME) including abnormal tumor vasculature, rich composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and abundant stroma cells. Herein, we review the advanced strategies of TME remodeling to overcome these biological obstacles against nanodrug delivery. This review aims to offer a perspective guideline for the implementation of promising approaches to facilitate intratumoral permeation of nanodrugs through alleviation of biological barriers. At the same time, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the corresponding methods and put forward possible directions for the future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lingchao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Feiyang Geng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Tingjie Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
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20
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Wang Y, Gou K, Guo X, Ke J, Li S, Li H. Advances in regulating physicochemical properties of mesoporous silica nanocarriers to overcome biological barriers. Acta Biomater 2021; 123:72-92. [PMID: 33454385 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with remarkable structural features have been proven to be an excellent platform for the delivery of therapeutic molecules. Biological barriers in various forms (e.g., mucosal barrier, cellular barrier, gastrointestinal barrier, blood-brain barrier, and blood-tumor barrier) present substantial obstacles for MSNs. The physicochemical parameters of MSNs are known to be effective and tunable not only for load and release of therapeutic molecules but also for their biological responsiveness that is beneficial for cells and tissues. This review innovatively provides a description of how and why physicochemical properties (e.g., particle size, morphology, surface charge, hydrophilic-hydrophobic property, and surface modification) of MSNs influence their ability to cross the biological barriers prior to reaching targeted sites. First, the structural and physiological features of biological barriers are outlined. Next, the recent progresses in the critical physicochemical parameters of MSNs are highlighted from physicochemical and biological aspects. Surface modification, as an important strategy for achieving rapid transport, is also reviewed with special attention to the latest findings of bioactive groups and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, advanced designs of multifunction intelligent MSNs to surmount the blood-tumor barrier and to actively target tumor sites are demonstrated in detail. Lastly, the biodegradability and toxicity of MSNs are evaluated. With perspectives for their potential application and biosafety, the clues in summary might lead to drug delivery with high efficiency and provide useful knowledge for rational design of nanomaterials.
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21
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Cao J, Huang D, Peppas NA. Advanced engineered nanoparticulate platforms to address key biological barriers for delivering chemotherapeutic agents to target sites. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:170-88. [PMID: 32622022 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread development of nanocarriers to deliver chemotherapeutics to specific tumor sites has been motivated by the lack of selective targeting during chemotherapy inducing serious side effects and low therapeutic efficacy. The utmost challenge in targeted cancer therapies is the ineffective drug delivery system, in which the drug-loaded nanocarriers are hindered by multiple complex biological barriers that compromise the therapeutic efficacy. Despite considerable progress engineering novel nanoplatforms for the delivery of chemotherapeutics, there has been limited success in a clinical setting. In this review, we identify and analyze design strategies for improved therapeutic efficacy and unique properties of nanoplatforms, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, nanogels, and dendrimers. We provide a comprehensive and integral description of key biological barriers that nanoplatforms are exposed to during their in vivo journey and discuss associated strategies to overcome these barriers based on the latest research and information available in the field. We expect this review to provide constructive information for the rational design of more effective nanoplatforms to advance precision therapies and accelerate their clinical translation.
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22
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Ho DK, Nichols BLB, Edgar KJ, Murgia X, Loretz B, Lehr CM. Challenges and strategies in drug delivery systems for treatment of pulmonary infections. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 144:110-124. [PMID: 31493510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation therapy has been reported as the most effective treatment for respiratory bacterial infections due to the increasing relevance of drug bioavailability. Drug delivery systems (DDS) have the capacity to overcome pulmonary biological barriers limiting the bioavailability of inhaled anti-infectives. This is important to eradicate bacterial infections and to prevent the development of bacterial resistance. Despite substantial efforts in the field, the current state-of-the-art often fails to achieve those goals, and we still observe increasing bacterial resistance. We give a brief insight on benefits and challenges in pulmonary delivery of anti-infectives. In the context of drug delivery development for pulmonary infections, particularly focusing on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections, this mini review will critically discuss the main requirements, as well as the recent strategies of drug delivery system synthesis and preparation. Finally, interaction of DDS with crucial pulmonary biological barriers will be of great importance for the success of future applications of the developed DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy-Khiet Ho
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brittany L B Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Xabier Murgia
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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23
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Cuggino JC, Blanco ERO, Gugliotta LM, Alvarez Igarzabal CI, Calderón M. Crossing biological barriers with nanogels to improve drug delivery performance. J Control Release 2019; 307:221-246. [PMID: 31175895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The current limitations in the use of nanocarriers to treat constantly evolving diseases call for the design of novel and smarter drug delivery systems (DDS). Nanogels (NGs) are three-dimensional crosslinked polymers with dimensions on the nanoscale and with a great potential for use in the biomedical field. Particular interest focuses on their application as DDS to minimize severe toxic effects and increase the therapeutic index of drugs. They have recently gained attention, since they can include responsive modalities within their structure, which enable them to excerpt a therapeutic function on demand. Their bigger sizes and controlled architecture and functionality, when compared to non-crosslinked polymers, make them particularly interesting to explore novel modalities to cross biological barriers. The present review summarizes the most significant developments of NGs as smart carriers, with focus on smart modalities to cross biological barriers such as cellular membrane, tumor stroma, mucose, skin, and blood brain barrier. We discuss the properties of each barrier and highlight the importance that the NG design has on their capability to overcome them and deliver the cargo at the site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio César Cuggino
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; Grupo de Polímeros, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad Regional San Francisco, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Av. de la Universidad 501, San Francisco, 2400 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Rafael Osorio Blanco
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; POLYMAT and Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luis Marcelino Gugliotta
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC), CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Inés Alvarez Igarzabal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), IPQA-CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- POLYMAT and Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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Cacopardo L, Costa J, Giusti S, Buoncompagni L, Meucci S, Corti A, Mattei G, Ahluwalia A. Real-time cellular impedance monitoring and imaging of biological barriers in a dual-flow membrane bioreactor. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 140:111340. [PMID: 31154254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The generation of physiologically relevant in-vitro models of biological barriers can play a key role in understanding human diseases and in the development of more predictive methods for assessing toxicity and drug or nutrient absorption. Here, we present an advanced cell culture system able to mimic the dynamic environment of biological barriers while monitoring cell behaviour through real-time impedance measurements and imaging. It consists of a fluidic device with an apical and a basal flow compartment separated by a semi-permeable membrane. The main features of the device are the integration of sensing through transepithelial electrical impedance (TEEI) measurements and transparent windows for optical monitoring within a dual flow system. Caco-2 cells were cultured in the TEEI bioreactor under both flow and static conditions. Although no differences in the expression of peripheral actin and occludin were visible, the cells in dynamic conditions developed higher impedance values at low frequencies, indicative of a higher paracellular electrical impedance with respect to the static cultures. TEEI measurements at high frequency also enabled monitoring monolayer formation, which can be correlated with the observation of an RC behaviour in the impedance spectra. In particular, the cells subject to flow showed accelerated barrier formation and increased vitality with respect to the static controls, again highlighting the importance of dynamic conditions for epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cacopardo
- Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - J Costa
- Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - S Giusti
- Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Italy; IVTech S.r.l, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - S Meucci
- Micronit Microtechnologies, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - A Corti
- Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - G Mattei
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - A Ahluwalia
- Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy.
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25
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Choudhury H, Gorain B, Pandey M, Khurana RK, Kesharwani P. Strategizing biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles to cross the biological barriers for cancer targeting. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:509-522. [PMID: 31102804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The biological barriers in the body have been fabricated by nature to protect the body from foreign molecules. The successful delivery of drugs is limited and being challenged by these biological barriers including the gastrointestinal tract, brain, skin, lungs, nose, mouth mucosa, and immune system. In this review article, we envisage to understand the functionalities of these barriers and revealing various drug-loaded biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles to overcome these barriers and deliver the entrapped drugs to cancer targeted site. Apart from it, tissue-specific multifunctional ligands, linkers and transporters when employed imparts an effective active delivery strategy by receptor-mediated transcytosis. Together, these strategies enable to deliver various drugs across the biological membranes for the treatment of solid tumors and malignant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Choudhury
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Manisha Pandey
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rajneet Kaur Khurana
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
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Abstract
Epithelia and endothelia delineate tissue compartments and control their environments by regulating the passage of ions and solutes. This barrier function is essential for the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms, and its dysfunction is associated with numerous human diseases. Recent advances in biomaterials and microfabrication technologies have evolved in vitro approaches for modelling biological barriers. Current microphysiological systems have become more efficient and reliable in mimicking the cell microenvironment. Additionally, methods for the quantification of barrier permeability have long provided significant insight into their underlying mechanisms. In this review, we outline the current techniques to quantify the barrier function of engineered tissues, and we also give an overview of recent microphysiological systems of biological barriers that emulate the microenvironment and microarchitecture of native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Yeste
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavi Illa
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Alvarez
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Villa
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
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Meng H, Leong W, Leong KW, Chen C, Zhao Y. Walking the line: The fate of nanomaterials at biological barriers. Biomaterials 2018; 174:41-53. [PMID: 29778981 PMCID: PMC5984195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems have developed an efficient multi-tiered defense system to block foreign substances such as engineered nanomaterials (NMs) from causing damage. In a pathological scenario, the disease itself may also pose additional barriers due to the imbalance between abnormal cells and their surrounding microenvironment, and NMs could behave similarly or differently to classic foreign substances, depending on their unique characteristics. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that govern the fate of NMs against these biological barriers, including the strategies that can be used to shift their fate between access and blockage, become key information for NMs design. In this manuscript, we first describe the biological barriers that NMs may encounter, and further discuss how these biological barrier interactions could shift the fate of NMs between toxicity and therapeutic potential. A list of effects that may influence NMs access at nano/bio interface are presented and discussed, followed by personal insights on the important nano/bio topics that require additional research for a better understanding of NM/biological barrier interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanosciences and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Wei Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanosciences and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanosciences and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Ma X, Song Q, Gao X. Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins: novel biomimetic nanocarriers for drug delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:51-63. [PMID: 29872622 PMCID: PMC5985628 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are naturally-occurring nanoparticles that are biocompatible, non-immunogenic and completely biodegradable. These endogenous particles can circulate for an extended period of time and transport lipids, proteins and microRNA from donor cells to recipient cells. Based on their intrinsic targeting properties, HDL are regarded as promising drug delivery systems. In order to produce on a large scale and to avoid blood borne pollution, reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) possessing the biological properties of HDL have been developed. This review summarizes the biological properties and biomedical applications of rHDL as drug delivery platforms. It focuses on the emerging approaches that have been developed for the generation of biomimetic nanoparticles rHDL to overcome the biological barriers to drug delivery, aiming to provide an alternative, promising avenue for efficient targeting transport of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoling Gao
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 21 63846590 776945.
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29
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Engin AB, Nikitovic D, Neagu M, Henrich-Noack P, Docea AO, Shtilman MI, Golokhvast K, Tsatsakis AM. Mechanistic understanding of nanoparticles' interactions with extracellular matrix: the cell and immune system. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:22. [PMID: 28646905 PMCID: PMC5483305 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an extraordinarily complex and unique meshwork composed of structural proteins and glycosaminoglycans. The ECM provides essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents, as well as contributes to crucial biochemical signaling. Importantly, ECM is an indispensable part of all biological barriers and substantially modulates the interchange of the nanotechnology products through these barriers. The interactions of the ECM with nanoparticles (NPs) depend on the morphological characteristics of intercellular matrix and on the physical characteristics of the NPs and may be either deleterious or beneficial. Importantly, an altered expression of ECM molecules ultimately affects all biological processes including inflammation. This review critically discusses the specific behavior of NPs that are within the ECM domain, and passing through the biological barriers. Furthermore, regenerative and toxicological aspects of nanomaterials are debated in terms of the immune cells-NPs interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Hipodrom, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Monica Neagu
- “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, Immunology Department, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petra Henrich-Noack
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petru Rares, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mikhail I. Shtilman
- Master School Biomaterials, D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Scientific Educational Center Nanotechnology, Engineering School, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Scientific Educational Center Nanotechnology, Engineering School, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete Greece
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Li Y, Miao X, Chen T, Yi X, Wang R, Zhao H, Lee SMY, Wang X, Zheng Y. Zebrafish as a visual and dynamic model to study the transport of nanosized drug delivery systems across the biological barriers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 156:227-235. [PMID: 28544957 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
With the wide application of nanotechnology to drug delivery systems, a simple, dynamic and visual in vivo model for high-throughput screening of novel formulations with fluorescence markers across biological barriers is desperately needed. In vitro cell culture models have been widely used, although they are far from a complimentary in vivo system. Mammalian animal models are common predictive models to study transport, but they are costly and time consuming. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), a small vertebrate model, have the potential to be developed as an "intermediate" model for quick evaluations. Based on our previously established coumarin 6 nanocrystals (C6-NCs), which have two different sizes, the present study investigates the transportation of C6-NCs across four biological barriers, including the chorion, blood brain barrier (BBB), blood retinal barrier (BRB) and gastrointestinal (GI) barrier, using zebrafish embryos and larvae as in vivo models. The biodistribution and elimination of C6 from different organs were quantified in adult zebrafish. The results showed that compared to 200nm C6-NCs, 70nm C6-NCs showed better permeability across these biological barriers. A FRET study suggested that intact C6-NCs together with the free dissolved form of C6 were absorbed into the larval zebrafish. More C6 was accumulated in different organs after incubation with small sized NCs via lipid raft-mediated endocytosis in adult zebrafish, which is consistent with the findings from in vitro cell monolayers and the zebrafish larvae model. C6-NCs could be gradually eliminated in each organ over time. This study demonstrated the successful application of zebrafish as a simple and dynamic model to simultaneously assess the transport of nanosized drug delivery systems across several biological barriers and biodistribution in different organs, especially in the brain, which could be used for central nervous system (CNS) drug and delivery system screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoqing Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Tongkai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiang Yi
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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31
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Namayanja M, Dai Y, Nerima B, Matovu E, Lun ZR, Lubega GW, Zhengjun C. Trypanosoma brucei brucei traverses different biological barriers differently and may modify the host plasma membrane in the process. Exp Parasitol 2016; 174:31-41. [PMID: 28011167 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei are extracellular hemoflagellate protozoan parasites and one of the causative agents of a devastating zoonotic disease called African Trypanosomiasis. In humans, the disease is caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) causing neurological disorders which culminate in death if untreated. In some domestic animals and laboratory rodents, Trypanosoma brucei brucei causes a disease similar to that in humans. The mechanism by which Trypanosoma brucei brucei invade biological barriers including the BBB has not been fully elucidated. To further address this issue, Mardin Dardy Canine Kidney II (MDCKII) and Human dermal microvascular endothelial cell (HDMEC) monolayers were grown to confluence on transwell inserts to constitute in vitro biological barriers. MDCKII cells were chosen for their ability to form tight junctions similar to those formed by the BBB endothelial cells. Labeled trypanosomes were placed in the upper chamber of transwell inserts layered with confluent MDCKII/HDMEC monolayers and their ability to cross the monolayer over time evaluated. Our results show that only 0.5-1.25% of Trypanosoma brucei brucei were able to migrate across the monolayers after 3 h. By employing immune-staining and confocal microscopic analysis we observed that trypanosomes were located at the tight junctions and inside the cell in the MDCK II monolayers indicating that they crossed the monolayer using both the paracellular and transcellular routes. Our observations also showed that there seemed to be no obvious degradation of junction proteins Zonula Ocludens-1, Occludin and Ecadherin. In the HDMEC cell monolayer, our scanning electron microscopy data showed that Trypanosoma brucei brucei is able to modulate the plasma membrane to form invaginations similar to cuplike structures formed by Tlymphocytes. However these structures seemed to be independent of vascular adhesion molecules suggesting that they could be more like the membrane ruffles formed by certain intracellular bacteria during invasion. Taken together, our data reveal a mechanism by which Trypanosoma brucei brucei is able to cross different biological barriers including the BBB without causing any obvious damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Namayanja
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China; Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnical, Biosecurity and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Barbara Nerima
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnical, Biosecurity and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Enock Matovu
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnical, Biosecurity and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- Centre for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510276, China
| | - George W Lubega
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnical, Biosecurity and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chen Zhengjun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in the field of medicine is obtaining controlled distribution of systemically administered therapeutic agents within the body. Indeed, biological barriers such as physical compartmentalization, pressure gradients, and excretion pathways adversely affect localized delivery of drugs to pathological tissue. The diverse nature of these barriers requires the use of multifunctional drug delivery vehicles that can overcome a wide range of sequential obstacles. In this review, we explore the role of multifunctionality in nanomedicine by primarily focusing on multistage vectors (MSVs). The MSV is an example of a promising therapeutic platform that incorporates several components, including a microparticle, nanoparticles, and small molecules. In particular, these components are activated in a sequential manner in order to successively address transport barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Wolfram
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Yun YH, Lee BK, Park K. Controlled Drug Delivery: Historical perspective for the next generation. J Control Release 2015; 219:2-7. [PMID: 26456749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The modern day drug delivery technology is only 60years old. During this period numerous drug delivery systems have been developed. The first generation (1950-1980) has been very productive in developing many oral and transdermal controlled release formulations for clinical applications. On the other hand, the second generation (1980-2010) has not been as successful in generating clinical products. This is in large part due to the nature of the problems to overcome. The first generation of drug delivery technologies dealt with physicochemical problems, while the second struggled with biological barriers. Controlled drug delivery systems can be made with controllable physicochemical properties, but they cannot overcome the biological barriers. The third generation (from 2010) drug delivery systems need to overcome both physicochemical and biological barriers. The physicochemical problems stem from poor water solubility of drugs, large molecular weight of peptide and protein drugs, and difficulty of controlling drug release kinetics. The biological barriers to overcome include distribution of drug delivery systems by the body rather than by formulation properties, limiting delivery to a specific target in the body. In addition, the body's reaction to formulations limits their functions in vivo. The prosperous future of drug delivery systems depends on whether new delivery systems can overcome limits set by human physiology, and the development process can be accelerated with new ways of thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Hee Yun
- Purdue University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Byung Kook Lee
- Purdue University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Kinam Park
- Purdue University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A..
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Ross KA, Brenza TM, Binnebose AM, Phanse Y, Kanthasamy AG, Gendelman HE, Salem AK, Bartholomay LC, Bellaire BH, Narasimhan B. Nano-enabled delivery of diverse payloads across complex biological barriers. J Control Release 2015; 219:548-559. [PMID: 26315817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Complex biological barriers are major obstacles for preventing and treating disease. Nanocarriers are designed to overcome such obstacles by enhancing drug delivery through physiochemical barriers and improving therapeutic indices. This review critically examines both biological barriers and nanocarrier payloads for a variety of drug delivery applications. A spectrum of nanocarriers is discussed that have been successfully developed for improving tissue penetration for preventing or treating a range of infectious, inflammatory, and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Ross
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames 50011, USA
| | - Timothy M Brenza
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames 50011, USA
| | - Andrea M Binnebose
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, 2180 Vet Med, Ames 50011, USA
| | - Yashdeep Phanse
- Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison 53706, USA
| | | | - Howard E Gendelman
- Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68198, USA
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, 115 S. Grand Avenue, Iowa City 52242, USA
| | - Lyric C Bartholomay
- Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison 53706, USA
| | - Bryan H Bellaire
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, 2180 Vet Med, Ames 50011, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames 50011, USA.
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d'Angelo I, Conte C, La Rotonda MI, Miro A, Quaglia F, Ungaro F. Improving the efficacy of inhaled drugs in cystic fibrosis: challenges and emerging drug delivery strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 75:92-111. [PMID: 24842473 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians associated with early death. Although the faulty gene is expressed in epithelia throughout the body, lung disease is still responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality of CF patients. As a local delivery route, pulmonary administration represents an ideal way to treat respiratory infections, excessive inflammation and other manifestations typical of CF lung disease. Nonetheless, important determinants of the clinical outcomes of inhaled drugs are the concentration/permanence at the lungs as well as the ability of the drug to overcome local extracellular and cellular barriers. This review focuses on emerging delivery strategies used for local treatment of CF pulmonary disease. After a brief description of the disease and formulation rules dictated by CF lung barriers, it describes current and future trends in inhaled drugs for CF. The most promising advanced formulations are discussed, highlighting the advantages along with the major challenges for researchers working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana d'Angelo
- Di.S.T.A.B.i.F., Second University of Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Claudia Conte
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata La Rotonda
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Agnese Miro
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Ungaro
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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McCarthy HO, McCaffrey J, McCrudden CM, Zholobenko A, Ali AA, McBride JW, Massey AS, Pentlavalli S, Chen KH, Cole G, Loughran SP, Dunne NJ, Donnelly RF, Kett VL, Robson T. Development and characterization of self-assembling nanoparticles using a bio-inspired amphipathic peptide for gene delivery. J Control Release 2014; 189:141-9. [PMID: 24995949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The design of a non-viral gene delivery vehicle capable of delivering and releasing a functional nucleic acid cargo intracellularly remains a formidable challenge. For systemic gene therapy to be successful a delivery vehicle is required that protects the nucleic acid cargo from enzymatic degradation, extravasates from the vasculature, traverses the cell membrane, disrupts the endosomal vesicles and unloads the cargo at its destination site, namely the nucleus for the purposes of gene delivery. This manuscript reports the extensive investigation of a novel amphipathic peptide composed of repeating RALA units capable of overcoming the biological barriers to gene delivery both in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrates the spontaneous self-assembly of cationic DNA-loaded nanoparticles when the peptide is complexed with pDNA. Nanoparticles were <100nm, were stable in the presence of serum and were fusogenic in nature, with increased peptide α-helicity at a lower pH. Nanoparticles proved to be non-cytotoxic, readily traversed the plasma membrane of both cancer and fibroblast cell lines and elicited reporter-gene expression following intravenous delivery in vivo. The results of this study indicate that RALA presents an exciting delivery platform for the systemic delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Joanne McCaffrey
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Cian M McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Aleksey Zholobenko
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ahlam A Ali
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - John W McBride
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ashley S Massey
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sreekanth Pentlavalli
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kun-Hung Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Grace Cole
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephen P Loughran
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, 123 Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victoria L Kett
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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Formaglio P, Tavares J, Ménard R, Amino R. Loss of host cell plasma membrane integrity following cell traversal by Plasmodium sporozoites in the skin. Parasitol Int 2013; 63:237-44. [PMID: 23892177 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites are able to migrate through host cells by breaching their plasma membrane and gliding inside their cytoplasm. This migratory activity, called cell traversal (CT), was studied in vivo mainly using mutant sporozoites lacking the ability to wound host cells, and thus to perform CT. However, direct evidence of CT activity in host tissues by wild-type sporozoites remains scarce. Here, we describe a double-wounding assay to dynamically image CT activity in vivo and monitor cell membrane integrity over time. Based on the incorporation kinetics of a first live cell-impermeant dye, propidium iodide, we could determine whether traversed cells repair their wounded membranes or not. A second impermeant dye, SYTOX Green, was used to confirm the transient or the permanent loss of membrane integrity of traversed cells. This assay allowed, for the first time, the direct observation of sporozoites wounding and traversing host skin cells and showed that, while some traversed cells resealed their membrane, most became irreversibly permeable to these live cell-impermeant dyes. In combination with the study of CT-deficient sporozoites and the use of specific host cell markers, this intravital assay will provide the means to identify the nature of the cells traversed by sporozoites and will thus contribute to elucidating the role of CT by apicomplexan parasites in the vertebrate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Formaglio
- Unité de Biologie et Genétique du Paludisme, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Abstract
Computational pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling gives access to drug concentration vs. time profiles in target organs and allows better interpretation of clinical observations of therapeutic or toxic effects. Physiologically-based PK (PBPK) models in particular, based on mechanistic descriptions of the body anatomy and physiology, may also help to extrapolate in vitro or animal data to human. Once in the systemic circulation, a chemical has access to the microvasculature of every organ or tissue. However, its penetration in the brain, retina, thymus, spinal cord, testis, placenta,… may be limited or even fully prevented by dynamic physiological blood-tissue barriers. Those barriers are both physical (involving tight junctions between adjacent cells) and biochemical (involving metabolizing enzymes and transporters). On those cases, correct mechanistic characterization of the passage (or not) of molecules through the barrier can be crucial for improved PBPK modeling and prediction. In parallel, attempts to understand and quantitatively characterize the processes involved in drug penetration of physiological barriers have led to the development of several in vitro experimental models. Data from such assays are very useful to calibrate PBPK models. We review here those in vitro and computational models, highlighting the challenges and perspectives for in vitro and computational models to better assess drug availability to target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Quignot
- Bioengineering Department, Chair of Mathematical Modeling for Systems Toxicology, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Royallieu Research Center, Compiègne, 60200 France ; LA-SER, Strategy and Decision Analytics, 10 place de la Catalogne, Paris, 75014 France
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