1
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Kim J, Koh DI, Lee M, Park YS, Hong SW, Shin JS, Lee MS, Kim MH, Lee JH, Jeong J, Bae S, Hong JK, Jeong HR, Ryu YS, Kim SM, Choi M, Kim H, Ryu H, Hur SC, Park J, Hur DY, Jin DH. Targeting isoforms of RON kinase (MST1R) drives antitumor efficacy. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2491-2507. [PMID: 37926711 PMCID: PMC10733321 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON, MST1R) is a single-span transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) aberrantly expressed in numerous cancers, including various solid tumors. How naturally occurring splicing isoforms of RON, especially those which are constitutively activated, affect tumorigenesis and therapeutic response, is largely unknown. Here, we identified that presence of activated RON could be a possible factor for the development of resistance against anti-EGFR (cetuximab) therapy in colorectal cancer patient tissues. Also, we elucidated the roles of three splicing variants of RON, RON Δ155, Δ160, and Δ165 as tumor drivers in cancer cell lines. Subsequently, we designed an inhibitor of RON, WM-S1-030, to suppress phosphorylation thereby inhibiting the activation of the three RON variants as well as the wild type. Specifically, WM-S1-030 treatment led to potent regression of tumor growth in solid tumors expressing the RON variants Δ155, Δ160, and Δ165. Two mechanisms for the RON oncogenic activity depending on KRAS genotype was evaluated in our study which include activation of EGFR and Src, in a trimeric complex, and stabilization of the beta-catenin. In terms of the immunotherapy, WM-S1-030 elicited notable antitumor immunity in anti-PD-1 resistant cell derived mouse model, likely via repression of M1/M2 polarization of macrophages. These findings suggest that WM-S1-030 could be developed as a new treatment option for cancer patients expressing these three RON variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kim
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Koh
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minki Lee
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Park
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae-Sik Shin
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi So Lee
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hwa Kim
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jun Ki Hong
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yea Seong Ryu
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mi Kim
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingee Choi
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ryu
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Chul Hur
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy and Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Jin
- Wellmarkerbio Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Ryu H, Kim H, Park I, Lee M, Park YS, Jin DH, Hur SC, Park J, Lee H. Discovery of Novel, Thienopyridine-Based Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Tumorigenic RON Splice Variants. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1198-1207. [PMID: 37736180 PMCID: PMC10510527 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the identification, structural optimization, and biological efficacy of thieno[2,3-b]pyridines as potent inhibitors of splice variants of the tyrosine kinase recepteur d'origine nantais (RON). Among synthesized compounds, compound 15f exhibited excellent in vitro kinase inhibition and antiproliferative activity, as well as in vivo antineoplastic efficacy against RON splice variant-expressing tumors. Moreover, compound 15f with excellent pharmacokinetics demonstrated significant activity with greater tumor growth inhibition (74.9% at 10 mg/kg) than compounds 2 and 4 in a patient-derived xenograft model. Collectively, 15f represents a promising, novel anticancer agent targeting RON splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ryu
- Wellmarkerbio
Co., Ltd., Seoul 05855, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Wellmarkerbio
Co., Ltd., Seoul 05855, Republic
of Korea
| | - Inwon Park
- Wellmarkerbio
Co., Ltd., Seoul 05855, Republic
of Korea
| | - Minki Lee
- Wellmarkerbio
Co., Ltd., Seoul 05855, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Park
- Wellmarkerbio
Co., Ltd., Seoul 05855, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Jin
- Wellmarkerbio
Co., Ltd., Seoul 05855, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College
of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-chul Hur
- Wellmarkerbio
Co., Ltd., Seoul 05855, Republic
of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Wellmarkerbio
Co., Ltd., Seoul 05855, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hyunho Lee
- Wellmarkerbio
Co., Ltd., Seoul 05855, Republic
of Korea
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3
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Chabot T, Cheraud Y, Fleury F. Relationships between DNA repair and RTK-mediated signaling pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188495. [PMID: 33346130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK) are an important family involved in numerous signaling pathways essential for proliferation, cell survival, transcription or cell-cycle regulation. Their role and involvement in cancer cell survival have been widely described in the literature, and are generally associated with overexpression and/or excessive activity in the cancer pathology. Because of these characteristics, RTKs are relevant targets in the fight against cancer. In the last decade, increasingly numerous works describe the role of RTK signaling in the modulation of DNA repair, thus providing evidence of the relationship between RTKs and the protein actors in the repair pathways. In this review, we propose a summary of RTKs described as potential modulators of double-stranded DNA repair pathways in order to put forward new lines of research aimed at the implementation of new therapeutic strategies targeting both DNA repair pathways and RTK-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chabot
- Mechanism and regulation of DNA repair team, UFIP, CNRS UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Yvonnick Cheraud
- Mechanism and regulation of DNA repair team, UFIP, CNRS UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Fleury
- Mechanism and regulation of DNA repair team, UFIP, CNRS UMR 6286, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France.
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4
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Lin HJ, Sheu PCY, Tsai JJP, Wang CCN, Chou CY. Text mining in a literature review of urothelial cancer using topic model. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:462. [PMID: 32448176 PMCID: PMC7245902 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urothelial cancer (UC) includes carcinomas of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis. New treatments and biomarkers of UC emerged in this decade. To identify the key information in a vast amount of literature can be challenging. In this study, we use text mining to explore UC publications to identify important information that may lead to new research directions. Method We used topic modeling to analyze the titles and abstracts of 29,883 articles of UC from Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase in Mar 2020. We applied latent Dirichlet allocation modeling to extract 15 topics and conducted trend analysis. Gene ontology term enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis were performed to identify UC related pathways. Results There was a growing trend regarding UC treatment especially immune checkpoint therapy but not the staging of UC. The risk factors of UC carried in different countries such as cigarette smoking in the United State and aristolochic acid in Taiwan and China. GMCSF, IL-5, Syndecan-1, ErbB receptor, integrin, c-Met, and TRAIL signaling pathways are the most relevant biological pathway associated with UC. Conclusions The risk factors of UC may be dependent on the countries and GMCSF, IL-5, Syndecan-1, ErbB receptor, integrin, c-Met, and TRAIL signaling pathways are the most relevant biological pathway associated with UC. These findings may provide further UC research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Jen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Phillip C-Y Sheu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, 5200 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jeffrey J P Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Charles C N Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Post-baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of internal medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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5
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Yao HP, Suthe SR, Tong XM, Wang MH. Targeting RON receptor tyrosine kinase for treatment of advanced solid cancers: antibody-drug conjugates as lead drug candidates for clinical trials. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920920069. [PMID: 32426050 PMCID: PMC7222236 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920920069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) receptor tyrosine kinase, belonging to the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition proto-oncogene family, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancers derived from the colon, lung, breast, and pancreas. These findings lay the foundation for targeting RON for cancer treatment. However, development of RON-targeted therapeutics has not gained sufficient attention for the last decade. Although therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (TMABs) targeting RON have been validated in preclinical studies, results from clinical trials have met with limited success. This outcome diminishes pharmaceutical enthusiasm for further development of RON-targeted therapeutics. Recently, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting RON have drawn special attention owing to their increased therapeutic activity. The rationale for developing anti-RON ADCs is based on the observation that cancer cells are not sufficiently addicted to RON signaling for survival. Thus, TMAB-mediated inhibition of RON signaling is ineffective for clinical application. In contrast, anti-RON ADCs combine a target-specific antibody with potent cytotoxins for cancer cell killing. This approach not only overcomes the shortcomings in TMAB-targeted therapies but also holds the promise for advancing anti-RON ADCs into clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the latest advancements in the development of anti-RON ADCs for targeted cancer therapy including drug conjugation profile, pharmacokinetic properties, cytotoxic effect in vitro, efficacy in tumor models, and toxicological activities in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sreedhar Reddy Suthe
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Xiang-Min Tong
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, 1406 Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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6
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Luo HL, Sung MT, Tsai EM, Lin CS, Lee NL, Chung YH, Chiang PH. Expression of Estrogen Receptor Beta Predicts Oncologic Outcome of pT3 Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Better Than Aggressive Pathological Features. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24263. [PMID: 27052470 PMCID: PMC4823660 DOI: 10.1038/srep24263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UT-UC) is rare and treatment options or prognostic markers are limited. There is increasing evidence indicating that urothelial carcinoma may be an endocrine-related cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic effect of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) on the outcome of UT-UC. From 2005 to 2012, this study included 105 patients with pT3 UT-UC. Perioperative factors, pathological features, and ERβ immunostaining were reviewed and prognostic effects were examined by multivariate analysis. This study divided patients into either the ERβ-high (n = 52) or ERβ-low (n = 53) group and analyzed their oncologic outcomes. All pathological features except infiltrating tumor architecture (significantly higher incidence in ERβ-low group, p = 0.004) are symmetric in both groups. Low ERβ expression was significantly correlated with local recurrence and distant metastasis in univariate analysis (p = 0.035 and 0.004, respectively) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.05 and 0.008, respectively). Cell line study also proved that knock down of ERβ cause less UTUC proliferation and migration. In addition, ERβ agonist also enhanced the cytotoxic and migration inhibition effect of cisplatin and ERβ antagonist cause the UTUC cell more resistant to cisplatin. This result may help identify patients in need of adjuvant therapy or develop potential targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lun Luo
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming Tse Sung
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eing Mei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chang Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nai Lun Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hua Chung
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po Hui Chiang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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7
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Chang K, Karnad A, Zhao S, Freeman JW. Roles of c-Met and RON kinases in tumor progression and their potential as therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3507-18. [PMID: 25784650 PMCID: PMC4414132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Met and receptor originated from nantes (RON) are structurally related transmembrane phosphotyrosine kinase receptors. c-Met and RON show increased expression or activity in a variety of tumors leading to tumor progression and may play a role in acquired resistance to therapy. Although often co-expressed, the distinct functional roles of c-Met and RON are not fully understood. c-Met and RON form both activated homodimers and heterodimers with themselves and other families of phosphotyrosine kinase receptors. Inhibitors for c-Met and RON including small molecular weigh kinase inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies are in pre-clinical investigation and clinical trials. Several of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors have activity against both c-Met and RON kinases whereas the antibodies generally are target specific. As with many targeted agents used to treat solid tumors, it is likely that c-Met/RON inhibitors will have greater benefit when used in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted agents. A careful analysis of c-Met/RON expression or activity and a better elucidation of how they influence cell signaling will be useful in predicting which tumors respond best to these inhibitors as well as determining which agents can be used with these inhibitors for combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, Experimental and Developmental Therapeutics Program, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anand Karnad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, Experimental and Developmental Therapeutics Program, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - James W Freeman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Cancer Therapy and Research Center, Experimental and Developmental Therapeutics Program, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Research and Development, Audie Murphy Veterans Administration Hospital, San Antonio, TX, USA
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8
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Kim YW, Yun SJ, Jeong P, Kim SK, Kim SY, Yan C, Seo SP, Lee SK, Kim J, Kim WJ. The c-MET Network as Novel Prognostic Marker for Predicting Bladder Cancer Patients with an Increased Risk of Developing Aggressive Disease. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26225770 PMCID: PMC4520492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that c-MET is overexpressed in cases of aggressive bladder cancer (BCa). Identification of crosstalk between c-MET and other RTKs such as AXL and PDGFR suggest that c-MET network genes (c-MET-AXL-PDGFR) may be clinically relevant to BCa. Here, we examine whether expression of c-MET network genes can be used to identify BCa patients at increased risk of developing aggressive disease. In vitro analysis, c-MET knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and increased sensitivity to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. In addition, c-MET network gene (c-MET, AXL, and PDGFR) expression allowed discrimination of BCa tissues from normal control tissues and appeared to predict poor disease progression in non-muscle invasive BCa patients and poor overall survival in muscle invasive BCa patients. These results suggest that c-MET network gene expression is a novel prognostic marker for predicting which BCa patients have an increased risk of developing aggressive disease. These genes might be a useful marker for co-targeting therapy, and are expected to play an important role in improving both response to treatment and survival of BCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Won Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Phildu Jeong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chunri Yan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sung Phil Seo
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sang Keun Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (W-JK); (JK)
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- * E-mail: (W-JK); (JK)
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9
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Watanabe H, Yokoyama Y, Kokuryo T, Ebata T, Igami T, Sugawara G, Mizuno T, Shimoyama Y, Nagino M. Prognostic Value of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor Expression in Patients with Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22:2235-42. [PMID: 25586241 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-4170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although an aggressive surgical approach to perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) has improved survival, a prognosis of advanced PHC remains unsatisfactory. The overexpression of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) and recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in some types of cancer. METHODS One hundred sixty-nine patients who underwent histologically curative resection for PHC were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for MET and RON. The association between a positive expression of MET or RON and clinicopathologic features as well as the patients' prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS There were 27 patients (16 %) who had a positive expression for both MET and RON. Although clinicopathologic features in the either MET- or RON-negative group were not significantly different compared to the both MET- and RON-positive group, the prognosis tended to be worse in the patients with both MET and RON positivity. When the analysis was limited to patients with advanced-stage disease (stage III and IVa), a multivariate analysis revealed that both MET and RON positivity and lymph node metastasis were identified as independent poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS The overall survival rate for patients with both MET and RON positivity was worse than that with either MET or RON negativity in patients with advanced PHC. The poor prognosis in these patients was not associated with unfavorable clinicopathologic features. The examination of MET and RON expression in PHC may enable a tailored method for patient classification that could not otherwise be achieved using the conventional pathologic classification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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10
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Miyata Y, Asai A, Mitsunari K, Matsuo T, Ohba K, Mochizuki Y, Sakai H. Met in urological cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:2387-403. [PMID: 25521854 PMCID: PMC4276973 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6042387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Met is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is considered to be a proto-oncogene. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-Met signaling system plays an important role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis in many types of malignancies. Furthermore, Met expression has been reported to be a useful predictive biomarker for disease progression and patient survival in these malignancies. Many studies have focused on the clinical significance and prognostic role of Met in urological cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and urothelial cancer. Several preclinical studies and clinical trials are in progress. In this review, the current understanding of the pathological role of Met in cancer cell lines, its clinical significance in cancer tissues, and its predictive value in patients with urological cancers are summarized. In particular, Met-related malignant behavior in castration-resistant PCa and the different pathological roles Met plays in papillary RCC and other histological types of RCC are the subjects of focus. In addition, the pathological significance of phosphorylated Met in these cancers is shown. In recent years, Met has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target in various types of cancer; therapeutic strategies used by Met-targeted agents in urological cancers are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Mitsunari
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Mochizuki
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
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11
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Han Z, Harris PKW, Jones DE, Chugani R, Kim T, Agarwal M, Shen W, Wildman SA, Janetka JW. Inhibitors of HGFA, Matriptase, and Hepsin Serine Proteases: A Nonkinase Strategy to Block Cell Signaling in Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1219-24. [PMID: 25408834 DOI: 10.1021/ml500254r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activators (HGFA), matriptase, and hepsin are S1 family trypsin-like serine proteases. These proteases proteolytically cleave the single-chain zymogen precursors, pro-HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), and pro-MSP (macrophage stimulating protein) into active heterodimeric forms. HGF and MSP are activating ligands for the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), c-MET and RON, respectively. We have discovered the first substrate-based ketothiazole inhibitors of HGFA, matriptase and hepsin. The compounds were synthesized using a combination of solution and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Compounds were tested for protease inhibition using a kinetic enzyme assay employing fluorogenic peptide substrates. Highlighted HGFA inhibitors are Ac-KRLR-kt (5g), Ac-SKFR-kt (6c), and Ac-SWLR-kt (6g) with K is = 12, 57, and 63 nM, respectively. We demonstrated that inhibitors block the conversion of native pro-HGF and pro-MSP by HGFA with equivalent potency. Finally, we show that inhibition causes a dose-dependent decrease of c-MET signaling in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. This preliminary investigation provides evidence that HGFA is a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer and other tumor types driven by c-MET and RON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Peter K. W. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Darin E. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Ryan Chugani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tommy Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Manjula Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Scott A. Wildman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Alvin J. Siteman
Cancer Center, and ‡Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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12
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McNeil BK, Sorbellini M, Grubb RL, Apolo A, Cecchi F, Athauda G, Cohen B, Giubellino A, Simpson H, Agarwal PK, Coleman J, Getzenberg RH, Netto GJ, Shih J, Linehan WM, Pinto PA, Bottaro DP. Preliminary evaluation of urinary soluble Met as a biomarker for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. J Transl Med 2014; 12:199. [PMID: 25335552 PMCID: PMC4283116 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among genitourinary malignancies, bladder cancer (BCa) ranks second in both prevalence and cause of death. Biomarkers of BCa for diagnosis, prognosis and disease surveillance could potentially help prevent progression, improve survival rates and reduce health care costs. Among several oncogenic signaling pathways implicated in BCa progression is that of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its cell surface receptor, Met, now targeted by 25 experimental anti-cancer agents in human clinical trials. The involvement of this pathway in several cancers is likely to preclude the use of urinary soluble Met (sMet), which has been correlated with malignancy, for initial BCa screening. However, its potential utility as an aid to disease surveillance and to identify patients likely to benefit from HGF/Met-targeted therapies provide the rationale for this preliminary retrospective study comparing sMet levels between benign conditions and primary BCa, and in BCa cases, between different disease stages. METHODS Normally voided urine samples were collected from patients with BCa (Total: 183; pTa: 55, pTis: 62, pT1: 24, pT2: 42) and without BCa (Total: 83) on tissue-procurement protocols at three institutions and sMet was measured and normalized to urinary creatinine. Normalized sMet values grouped by pathologic stage were compared using non-parametric tests for correlation and significant difference. ROC analyses were used to derive classification models for patients with or without BCa and patients with or without muscle-invasive BCa (MIBCa or NMIBCa). RESULTS Urinary sMet levels accurately distinguished patients with BCa from those without (p<0.0001, area under the curve (AUC): 0.7008) with limited sensitivity (61%) and moderate specificity (76%), and patients with MIBCa (n=42) from those with NMIBCa (n=141; p<0.0001, AUC: 0.8002) with moderate sensitivity and specificity (76% and 77%, respectively) and low false negative rate (8%). CONCLUSIONS Urinary sMet levels distinguish patients with BCa from those without, and patients with or without MIBCa, suggesting the potential utility of urinary sMet as a BCa biomarker for surveillance following initial treatment. Further studies are warranted to determine its potential value for prognosis in advanced disease, predicting treatment response, or identifying patients likely to benefit from Met-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Donald P Bottaro
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bldg 10, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Rm 2 W-3952 10 Center Drive MSC 1210, 20892-1210, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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13
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Wang L, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Li S, Wang Y, Li L, Lei Z, Zhang Z. Fucoxanthin induces growth arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer T24 cells by up-regulation of p21 and down-regulation of mortalin. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:877-84. [PMID: 25187415 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, a natural carotenoid, has been reported to have anti-cancer activity in human colon cancer cells, human prostate cancer cells, human leukemia cells, and human epithelial cervical cancer cells. This study was undertaken to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of fucoxanthin against human bladder cancer T24 cell line. MTT analysis results showed that 5 and 10 μM fucoxanthin inhibited the proliferation of T24 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner accompanied by the growth arrest at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, which is mediated by the up-regulation of p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-inhibitory protein and the down-regulation of CDK-2, CDK-4, cyclin D1, and cyclin E. In addition, 20 and 40 μM fucoxanthin induced apoptosis of T24 cells by the abrogation of mortalin-p53 complex and the reactivation of nuclear mutant-type p53, which also had tumor suppressor function as wild-type p53. All these results demonstrated that the anti-cancer activity of fucoxanthin on T24 cells was associated with cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase by up-regulation of p21 at low doses and apoptosis via decrease in the expression level of mortalin, which is a stress regulator and a member of heat shock protein 70, followed by up-regulation of cleaved caspase-3 at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yang Zeng
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Ye Liu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Xuansheng Hu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shuhong Li
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan Natural Product Industry of Tsukuba Co., Ltd, E-26, 1187-80 (Kenkyugakuen C43-3) East Hiratuka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0812, Japan
| | - Ling Li
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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14
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Feng C, Wang L, Ding G, Ding Q, Zhou Z, Jiang H, Wu Z. Predictive value of clinicopathological markers for the metachronous bladder cancer and prognosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4015. [PMID: 24500328 PMCID: PMC3915316 DOI: 10.1038/srep04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is rare but aggressive with poor prognosis. We aimed to find effective predictive markers for recurrence and prognosis in UTUC patients. In this retrospective study, we included 88 UTUC patients treated with radical neprhoureterectomy (RNU) and analyzed their clinicopathological parameters. For study of incidence of metachronous bladder tumor, models were adjusted with inclusion of prophylactic intravesical instillation chemotherapy. The mean follow-up was 28.59 months (2 to 82 mo). Lack of gross hematuria (RR 0.060, 95%CI 0.008–0.468), tumor located at ureter (RR 0.037, 95%CI 0.004–0.378), advanced stage and higher p53 expression were independent factors for worse survival. Recurrence of bladder cancer occurred 20% of patients at median follow-up of 37.65 months (5 to 82 mo). Higher tumor grade (RR 5.998, 95%CI 1.359–26.479) and presence of ipsilateral non-functioning kidney at diagnosis (RR 5.982, 95%CI 1.338–26.750) were predictors for recurrence. The present study identified several parameters with predictive value in the prognosis and intravesicle recurrence in UTUCand shed light on the better monitoring and management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lujia Wang
- 1] Department of Urology, Shanghai, China [2]
| | | | | | - Zhongwen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai, China
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15
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Wang MH, Zhang R, Zhou YQ, Yao HP. Pathogenesis of RON receptor tyrosine kinase in cancer cells: activation mechanism, functional crosstalk, and signaling addiction. J Biomed Res 2013; 27:345-56. [PMID: 24086167 PMCID: PMC3783819 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.27.20130038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The RON receptor tyrosine kinase, a member of the MET proto-oncogene family, is a pathogenic factor implicated in tumor malignancy. Specifically, aberrations in RON signaling result in increased cancer cell growth, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Biochemical events such as ligand binding, receptor overexpression, generation of structure-defected variants, and point mutations in the kinase domain contribute to RON signaling activation. Recently, functional crosstalk between RON and signaling proteins such as MET and EFGR has emerged as an additional mechanism for RON activation, which is critical for tumorigenic development. The RON signaling crosstalk acts either as a regulatory feedback loop that strengthens or enhances tumorigenic phenotype of cancer cells or serves as a signaling compensatory pathway providing a growth/survival advantage for cancer cells to escape targeted therapy. Moreover, viral oncoproteins derived from Friend leukemia or Epstein-Barr viruses interact with RON to drive viral oncogenesis. In cancer cells, RON signaling is integrated into cellular signaling network essential for cancer cell growth and survival. These activities provide the molecular basis of targeting RON for cancer treatment. In this review, we will discuss recent data that uncover the mechanisms of RON activation in cancer cells, review evidence of RON signaling crosstalk relevant to cancer malignancy, and emphasize the significance of the RON signaling addiction by cancer cells for tumor therapy. Understanding aberrant RON signaling will not only provide insight into the mechanisms of tumor pathogenesis, but also lead to the development of novel strategies for molecularly targeted cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hai Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, and
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16
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Abstract
Since the discovery of MSP (macrophage-stimulating protein; also known as MST1 and hepatocyte growth factor-like (HGFL)) as the ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase RON (also known as MST1R) in the early 1990s, the roles of this signalling axis in cancer pathogenesis has been extensively studied in various model systems. Both in vitro and in vivo evidence has revealed that MSP-RON signalling is important for the invasive growth of different types of cancers. Currently, small-molecule inhibitors and antibodies blocking RON signalling are under investigation. Substantial responses have been achieved in human tumour xenograft models, laying the foundation for clinical validation. In this Review, we discuss recent advances that demonstrate the importance of MSP-RON signalling in cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Ping Yao
- Viral Oncogenesis Section in State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P. R. China
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17
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Hu Z, Lin Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Wu J, Zhu Y, Xu X, Xu X, Li S, Zheng X, Xie L. MicroRNA-101 suppresses motility of bladder cancer cells by targeting c-Met. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:82-7. [PMID: 23618864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play regulatory roles by repressing translation or cleaving RNA transcripts. Here, we report that the expression of microRNA-101 (miR-101) is down-regulated in human bladder cancer tissue versus normal adjacent tissue. To better characterize the role of miR-101 in bladder cancer, we conducted a gain-of-function analysis by transfecting the bladder cancer cell line T24 with chemically synthesized miR-101 mimics. We found that miR-101 directly targets c-Met via its 3'-UTR. Specifically, forced expression of miR-101 decreased c-Met expression at both mRNA and protein levels, consequently inhibiting T24 cell migration and invasion in a c-Met-dependent manner. In conclusion, we have shown miR-101 to be a novel suppressor of T24 cell migration and invasion through its negative regulation of c-Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
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18
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Rouprêt M, Babjuk M, Compérat E, Zigeuner R, Sylvester R, Burger M, Cowan N, Böhle A, Van Rhijn BWG, Kaasinen E, Palou J, Shariat SF. European guidelines on upper tract urothelial carcinomas: 2013 update. Eur Urol 2013; 63:1059-71. [PMID: 23540953 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The European Association of Urology (EAU) guideline group for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has prepared updated guidelines to aid clinicians in assessing the current evidence-based management of UTUC and to incorporate present recommendations into daily clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To provide a brief overview of the EAU guidelines on UTUC as an aid to clinicians in their daily clinical practice. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The recommendations provided in the current guidelines are based on a thorough review of available UTUC guidelines and articles identified using a systematic search of Medline. Data on urothelial malignancies and UTUCs in the literature were searched using Medline with the following keywords: urinary tract cancer; urothelial carcinomas; upper urinary tract, carcinoma; renal pelvis; ureter; bladder cancer; chemotherapy; nephroureterectomy; adjuvant treatment; instillation; neoadjuvant treatment; recurrence; risk factors; nomogram; and survival. References were weighted by a panel of experts. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS There is a lack of data in the current literature to provide strong recommendations (ie, grade A) due to the rarity of the disease. A number of recent multicentre studies are now available, and there is a growing interest in UTUC in the recent literature. Overall, 135 references have been included here, but most of these studies are still retrospective analyses. The TNM 2009 classification is recommended. Recommendations are given for diagnosis as well as radical and conservative treatment (ie, imperative and elective cases); additionally, prognostic factors are discussed. Recommendations are also provided for patient follow-up after different therapeutic options. CONCLUSIONS These guidelines contain information for the management of individual patients according to a current standardised approach. Physicians must take into account the specific clinical characteristics of each individual patient when determining the optimal treatment regimen including tumour location, grade, and stage; renal function; molecular marker status; and medical comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Rouprêt
- Department of Urology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié - Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Faculty of Medicine Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie GRC5, University Paris 6, Paris, France.
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19
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Liu W, Fu Y, Xu S, Ding F, Zhao G, Zhang K, Du C, Pang B, Pang Q. c-Met expression is associated with time to recurrence in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. J Clin Neurosci 2010; 18:119-21. [PMID: 20832323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the difference in c-Met expression between primary and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and to determine whether the dysregulation of c-Met expression has a role in the malignant progression of GBM. Paired primary and recurrent GBM specimens from the same patient were evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis. The association between c-Met expression and progression-free survival time (PFST) was analyzed. There was a significant difference in c-Met expression between primary and recurrent tumors (p=0.020), and patients with tumors expressing c-Met at a higher level had a significantly shorter PFST (6.1 months vs. 11.5 months; p=0.026). Our study indicates that recurrent GBM express c-Met at a higher level and that c-Met overexpression is associated with shorter PFST in patients with GBM. These findings suggest that c-Met potentially has an important role in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
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20
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Eltz S, Comperat E, Cussenot O, Rouprêt M. Molecular and histological markers in urothelial carcinomas of the upper urinary tract. BJU Int 2008; 102:532-5. [PMID: 18384628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.07659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial cell carcinomas (UCCs) are one of the most common types of malignancies. Recently, different mechanisms of carcinogenesis, as well as discrepancies in the natural history of urothelial cancers of the bladder and of the upper urinary tract (UUT), have been identified. As a result several teams have focused on specific markers in UUT-UCCs, a very rare type of cancer. This review gives a brief overview on the current markers of interest. Microsatellite instabilities (MSI) are independent molecular makers for prognosis. In addition, MSI can help detect a germline mutation and therefore allows for the detection of possible hereditary cancers. The loss of proteins of the mismatch repair system can also facilitate the detection of a germline mutation but should be followed by DNA sequencing. Epithelial cadherin has been shown to be an independent marker of prognosis, as well as hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and telomerase RNA component. Furthermore HIF-1alpha is significantly associated with the grade and pattern of growth and the telomerase RNA component could possibly also be used in diagnosis. The active form of the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) was a significant prognostic marker in univariate analysis only. There are contrasting studies on the significances of p27 and Ki-67 as prognostic markers in UUT-UCCs. MET is a factor that correlates with vascular invasion of invasive cancer and bcl-2 oncoprotein correlates with stage. The ongoing identification of these markers might help to find specific treatments tailored to the molecular pattern of each tumour. Therefore a subgroup of patients with a higher risk of recurrence could be identified as well as patients that could benefit from minimal invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Eltz
- Academic Department of Urology of la Pitié-Salpêtrière and Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
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