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Pescia C, Lopez G, Cattaneo D, Bucelli C, Gianelli U, Iurlo A. The molecular landscape of myeloproliferative neoplasms associated with splanchnic vein thrombosis: Current perspective. Leuk Res 2024; 136:107420. [PMID: 38016412 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are classically represented by polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. BCR::ABL1-negative MPNs are significantly associated with morbidity and mortality related to an increased risk of thrombo-hemorrhagic events. They show a consistent association with splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT), either represented by the portal, mesenteric or splenic vein thrombosis, or Budd-Chiari Syndrome. SVT is also a frequent presenting manifestation of MPN. MPNs associated with SVT show a predilection for younger women, high association with JAK2V617F mutation, low JAK2V617F variant allele frequency (generally <10 %), and low rates of CALR, MPL, or JAK2 exon 12 mutations. Next-Generation Sequencing techniques have contributed to deepening our knowledge of the molecular landscape of such cases, with potential diagnostic and prognostic implications. In this narrative review, we analyze the current perspective on the molecular background of MPN associated with SVT, pointing as well future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pescia
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cattaneo
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Bucelli
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Gianelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Unit of Anatomic Pathology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Cattaneo D, Bucelli C, Marchetti A, Lionetti M, Fermo E, Bellani V, De Magistris C, Maeda A, Marella A, Primignani M, Consonni D, Gianelli U, Neri A, Baldini L, Bolli N, Iurlo A. Pathological and genomic features of myeloproliferative neoplasms associated with splanchnic vein thrombosis in a single-center cohort. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:1409-1420. [PMID: 37079068 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Here, we reviewed clinical-morphological data and investigated mutational profiles by NGS in a single-center series of 58 consecutive MPN-SVT patients admitted to our hospital between January 1979 and November 2021. We identified 15.5% of PV, 13.8% of ET, 34.5% of PMF, 8.6% of SMF and 27.6% of MPN-U. Most cases (84.5%) carried JAK2V617F mutation, while seven patients were characterized by other molecular markers, namely MPL in four and CALR mutations in three cases. NGS was performed in 54 (93.1%) cases: the most frequent additional mutations were found in TET2 (27.8%) and DNMT3A (16.7%) genes, whereas 25 (46.3%) patients had no additional mutation. Cases with JAK2V617F homozygosity had a higher median number of additional mutations than those with low allele burden. More importantly, all cases of leukemic evolution were characterized by a higher median number of co-mutations, and a co-mutational pattern of high-risk lesions, such as truncating mutations of ASXL1, bi-allelic TP53 loss, and CSMD1 mutations. Nevertheless, no difference was found between cases with and without additional somatic mutations regarding fibrotic progression, SVT recurrence, other thrombo-hemorrhagic complications, or death. After a median follow-up of 7.1 years, ten deaths were recorded; fibrotic progression/leukemic evolution was ascertained in one (1.7%) and six (10.3%) patients, respectively, while 22 (37.9%) patients suffered from recurrent thrombosis. In conclusion, our data underline the importance of using NGS analysis in the management of MPN-related SVT as it can support the MPN diagnosis, particularly in "triple-negative" cases, and provide additional information with potential consequences on prognosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cattaneo
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Bucelli
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Marchetti
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Lionetti
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Fermo
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bellani
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio De Magistris
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Akihiro Maeda
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Marella
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Primignani
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Consonni
- Epidemiology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Gianelli
- Division of Pathology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Niccolò Bolli
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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McLornan DP, Hargreaves R, Hernández-Boluda JC, Harrison CN. How I manage myeloproliferative neoplasm-unclassifiable: Practical approaches for 2022 and beyond. Br J Haematol 2022; 197:407-416. [PMID: 35191542 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)-unclassifiable (MPN-U) or not otherwise specified represents a rare, poorly defined and heterogeneous group of MPNs. Disease incidence is difficult to define but likely represents close to 5% of all MPNs when strict World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria are applied. Dynamic review over time is required to assess if the disease can be re-classified into another MPN entity. A diagnosis of MPN-U leads to many challenges for both the patient and physician alike including lack of agreed monitoring and therapeutic guidelines, validated prognostic markers and licenced therapies coupled with exclusion from clinical trials. MPN-U has an inherent risk of an aggressive clinical course and transformation in some but who, and when to treat in the chronic phase, including identifying who may require more aggressive therapy at an earlier stage, remains elusive. Moreover, despite the significant thrombotic risk, there is no agreement on systematic primary thromboprophylaxis. We hereby provide a contemporary overview of MPN-U in addition to four illustrative cases providing our collective suggested approaches to clinical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal P McLornan
- Department of Haematology, 4th Floor Southwark Wing, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London, UK.,Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Rupen Hargreaves
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | | | - Claire N Harrison
- Department of Haematology, 4th Floor Southwark Wing, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London, UK
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Campanelli R, Massa M, Rosti V, Barosi G. New Markers of Disease Progression in Myelofibrosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5324. [PMID: 34771488 PMCID: PMC8582535 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm due to the clonal proliferation of a hematopoietic stem cell. The vast majority of patients harbor a somatic gain of function mutation either of JAK2 or MPL or CALR genes in their hematopoietic cells, resulting in the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Patients display variable clinical and laboratoristic features, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, thrombotic complications, systemic symptoms, and curtailed survival due to infections, thrombo-hemorrhagic events, or progression to leukemic transformation. New drugs have been developed in the last decade for the treatment of PMF-associated symptoms; however, the only curative option is currently represented by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, which can only be offered to a small percentage of patients. Disease prognosis is based at diagnosis on the classical International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and Dynamic-IPSS (during disease course), which comprehend clinical parameters; recently, new prognostic scoring systems, including genetic and molecular parameters, have been proposed as meaningful tools for a better patient stratification. Moreover, new biological markers predicting clinical evolution and patient survival have been associated with the disease. This review summarizes basic concepts of PMF pathogenesis, clinics, and therapy, focusing on classical prognostic scoring systems and new biological markers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Campanelli
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidosis and High-Complexity Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Margherita Massa
- General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidosis and High-Complexity Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidosis and High-Complexity Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovanni Barosi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, General Medicine 2—Center for Systemic Amyloidosis and High-Complexity Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.R.); (G.B.)
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Barbui T, Thiele J, Ferrari A, Vannucchi AM, Tefferi A. The new WHO classification for essential thrombocythemia calls for revision of available evidences. Blood Cancer J 2020; 10:22. [PMID: 32098949 PMCID: PMC7042222 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-020-0290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 2016 revised classification of myeloproliferative neoplasms pre-fibrotic primary myelofibrosis (pre-PMF) was recognized as a separate entity, distinct from essential thrombocythemia (ET). Owing that the majority of cases falling in the pre-PMF category were previously diagnosed as ET, one may question about the need to re-evaluate the results of epidemiologic, clinical, and molecular studies, and the results of clinical trials in the two entities. Based on a critical review of recently published studies, pre-PMF usually presents with a distinct clinical and hematological presentation and higher frequency of constitutional symptoms. JAK2V617F and CALR mutations in pre-PMF patients are superimposable to ET, whereas non-driver high-risk mutations are enriched in pre-PMF compared with ET. Thrombosis is not significantly different, whereas bleeding is more frequent in pre-PMF. Median survival is significantly shorter in pre-PMF and 10-year cumulative rates progression to overt myelofibrosis is 0-1% vs. 10-12%, and leukemic transformation is 1-2% vs. 2-6%, in ET and pre-fibrotic-PMF, respectively. Most patients fall in the lower prognostic IPSS group in which observation alone can be recommended. Patients at intermediate risk may require a symptom-driven treatment for anemia, splenomegaly or constitutional symptoms while cytoreductive drugs are indicated in the high-risk category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Barbui
- FROM Research Foundation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Jürgen Thiele
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alberto Ferrari
- FROM Research Foundation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- CRIMM-Center of Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Department Experimental and Clinical medicine, and Denothe Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ayalew Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Sant'Antonio E, Guglielmelli P, Pieri L, Primignani M, Randi ML, Santarossa C, Rumi E, Cervantes F, Delaini F, Carobbio A, Betti S, Rossi E, Lavi N, Harrison CN, Curto‐Garcia N, Gisslinger H, Gisslinger B, Specchia G, Ricco A, Vianelli N, Polverelli N, Koren‐Michowitz M, Ruggeri M, Girodon F, Ellis M, Iurlo A, Mannelli F, Mannelli L, Sordi B, Loscocco GG, Cazzola M, De Stefano V, Barbui T, Tefferi A, Vannucchi AM. Splanchnic vein thromboses associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms: An international, retrospective study on 518 cases. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:156-166. [PMID: 31721282 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) course can be complicated by thrombosis involving unusual sites as the splanchnic veins (SVT). Their management is challenging, given their composite vascular risk. We performed a retrospective, cohort study in the framework of the International Working Group for MPN Research and Treatment (IWG-MRT), and AIRC-Gruppo Italiano Malattie Mieloproliferative (AGIMM). A total of 518 MPN-SVT cases were collected and compared with 1628 unselected, control MPN population, matched for disease subtype. Those with MPN-SVT were younger (median 44 years) and enriched in females compared to controls; PV (37.1%) and ET (34.4%) were the most frequent diagnoses. JAK2V617F mutation was highly prevalent (90.2%), and 38.6% of cases had an additional hypercoagulable disorder. SVT recurrence rate was 1.6 per 100 patient-years. Vitamin K-antagonists (VKA) halved the incidence of recurrence (OR 0.48), unlike cytoreduction (OR 0.96), and were not associated with overall or gastrointestinal bleeding in multivariable analysis. Esophageal varices were the only independent predictor for major bleeding (OR 17.4). Among MPN-SVT, risk of subsequent vascular events was skewed towards venous thromboses compared to controls. However, MPN-SVT clinical course was overall benign: SVT were enriched in PMF with lower IPSS, resulting in significantly longer survival than controls; survival was not affected in PV and slightly reduced in ET. MPN-U with SVT (n = 55) showed a particularly indolent phenotype, with no signs of disease evolution. In the to-date largest, contemporary cohort of MPN-SVT, VKA were confirmed effective in preventing recurrence, unlike cytoreduction, and safe; the major risk factor for bleeding was esophageal varices that therefore represent a major therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Sant'Antonio
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie MieloproliferativeAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e ClinicaUniversità degli Studi, Firenze, DENOTHE Excellence Center Florence Italy
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie MieloproliferativeAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e ClinicaUniversità degli Studi, Firenze, DENOTHE Excellence Center Florence Italy
| | - Lisa Pieri
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie MieloproliferativeAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e ClinicaUniversità degli Studi, Firenze, DENOTHE Excellence Center Florence Italy
| | - Massimo Primignani
- CRC "A. M. e A. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Maria Luigia Randi
- Department of Medicine – DIMEDUniversity of Padova Medical School Padova Italy
| | - Claudia Santarossa
- Department of Medicine – DIMEDUniversity of Padova Medical School Padova Italy
| | - Elisa Rumi
- Department of Hematology OncologyIRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | | | - Federica Delaini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant UnitAzienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo Italy
| | - Alessandra Carobbio
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant UnitAzienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo Italy
| | - Silvia Betti
- Institute of HematologyCatholic University, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Elena Rossi
- Institute of HematologyCatholic University, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Noa Lavi
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow TransplantationRambam Health Care Campus Haifa Israel
| | - Claire N. Harrison
- Department of HaematologyGuy's and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | | | - Heinz Gisslinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Blood CoagulationMedical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Bettina Gisslinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Blood CoagulationMedical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationSection of Hematology with Transplantation, Medical School, University of Bari Bari Italy
| | - Alessandra Ricco
- Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationSection of Hematology with Transplantation, Medical School, University of Bari Bari Italy
| | - Nicola Vianelli
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Oncology “L. and A. Seràgnoli” S. Orsola‐Malpighi Hospital Bologna Italy
| | - Nicola Polverelli
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Oncology “L. and A. Seràgnoli” S. Orsola‐Malpighi Hospital Bologna Italy
| | - Maya Koren‐Michowitz
- Department of HematologyShamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin, Israel and Sackler school of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | | | | | - Martin Ellis
- The Hematology Institute and Blood Bank and Translational Hemato‐Oncology, Meir Hospital Kfar‐Saba Israel
| | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda‐Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Mannelli
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie MieloproliferativeAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e ClinicaUniversità degli Studi, Firenze, DENOTHE Excellence Center Florence Italy
| | - Lara Mannelli
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie MieloproliferativeAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e ClinicaUniversità degli Studi, Firenze, DENOTHE Excellence Center Florence Italy
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Benedetta Sordi
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie MieloproliferativeAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e ClinicaUniversità degli Studi, Firenze, DENOTHE Excellence Center Florence Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaetano Loscocco
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie MieloproliferativeAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e ClinicaUniversità degli Studi, Firenze, DENOTHE Excellence Center Florence Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Hematology OncologyIRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Valerio De Stefano
- Institute of HematologyCatholic University, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Tiziano Barbui
- Research Foundation, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Maria Vannucchi
- CRIMM, Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione per le Malattie MieloproliferativeAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi Florence Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e ClinicaUniversità degli Studi, Firenze, DENOTHE Excellence Center Florence Italy
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Finazzi G, De Stefano V, Barbui T. Splanchnic vein thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms: treatment algorithm 2018. Blood Cancer J 2018; 8:64. [PMID: 29946154 PMCID: PMC6018786 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-018-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a leading cause of splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT). SVT is observed in all MPNs and frequently affects young patients. Therapy should be addressed to three main goals: preventing thrombosis recurrence, managing the underlying MPN, and supporting liver dysfunction. Life-long oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists is the cornerstone of the antithrombotic treatment. However, recurrences of SVT or other thrombosis may occur in 15-20% of patients. Direct oral anticoagulants can represent an alternative and preliminary data encourage comparative studies. Survival of patients with SVT in MPN is primarily influenced by the natural history of the underlying neoplasms, rather than the SVT event. An aggressive management is recommended and a treatment algorithm based on the different MPN subtypes is proposed. Hydroxyurea is the cytoreductive drug of choice in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia, whereas ruxolitinib is indicated in intermediate and high-risk patients with myelofibrosis and in PV patients resistant or intolerant to hydroxyurea. The management of SVT in MPNs requires a multidisciplinary approach that may include a hematologist, a gastroenterologist, an interventional radiologist, and a surgeon. In the case of clinical deterioration despite pharmacological therapy, patients with SVT should be considered for invasive procedures or liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Finazzi
- USC Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Valerio De Stefano
- Institute of Hematology, Catholic University, Roma, Italy.,IRCCS Policlinico Gemelli Foundation, Roma, Italy
| | - Tiziano Barbui
- FROM Research Foundation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
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8
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Rumi E, Sant'Antonio E, Boveri E, Pietra D, Cavalloni C, Roncoroni E, Astori C, Arcaini L. Diagnosis and management of prefibrotic myelofibrosis. Expert Rev Hematol 2018; 11:537-545. [PMID: 29862872 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1484280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 2016 WHO classification comprises two stages of primary myelofibrosis (PMF): early/prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis (pre-PMF) and overt fibrotic PMF (overt PMF). Diagnostic criteria rely on bone marrow morphology, fibrosis grade (0-1 in pre-PMF, 2-3 in overt PMF), and clinical features (leukoerythroblastosis, anemia, leucocytosis, increased lactate dehydrogenase, and palpable splenomegaly). An accurate differentiation from essential thrombocythemia (ET) is pivotal because the two entities show different clinical presentation and outcome, in terms of survival, leukemic evolution, and rates of progression to overt myelofibrosis. Areas covered: The current review provides an overview on how to diagnose and stratify patients with pre-PMF, taking into account their definite and peculiar risk of vascular event, which is often neglected, and their milder disease course, compared with overt PMF, with the aim of improving and individualizing their counseling and management. Expert commentary: Pre-PMF is a new entity characterized by a unique combination of both a thrombo-hemorrhagic risk (that brings it closer to PV and ET) and a definite risk of disease evolution (that places pre-PMF somewhat closer to the overt PMF variant).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rumi
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy.,b Department of Hematology Oncology , Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia , Italy
| | - Emanuela Sant'Antonio
- c Department of Oncology, Division of Hematology , Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest , Lucca , Italy
| | - Emanuela Boveri
- d Anatomic Pathology Section , Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia , Italy
| | - Daniela Pietra
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia , Italy
| | - Chiara Cavalloni
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia , Italy
| | - Elisa Roncoroni
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia , Italy
| | - Cesare Astori
- b Department of Hematology Oncology , Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia , Italy
| | - Luca Arcaini
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy.,b Department of Hematology Oncology , Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia , Italy
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9
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Cattaneo D, Gianelli U, Bianchi P, Cortelezzi A, Iurlo A. Heterogeneity among splanchnic vein thrombosis associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Eur J Intern Med 2018; 52:e25-e26. [PMID: 29567096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cattaneo
- Hematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Gianelli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bianchi
- Hematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Agostino Cortelezzi
- Hematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Hematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Philadelphia chromosome-negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms: revised management recommendations from European LeukemiaNet. Leukemia 2018. [PMID: 29515238 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This document updates the recommendations on the management of Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph-neg MPNs) published in 2011 by the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) consortium. Recommendations were produced by multiple-step formalized procedures of group discussion. A critical appraisal of evidence by using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was performed in the areas where at least one randomized clinical trial was published. Seven randomized controlled trials provided the evidence base; earlier phase trials also informed recommendation development. Key differences from the 2011 diagnostic recommendations included: lower threshold values for hemoglobin and hematocrit and bone marrow examination for diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV), according to the revised WHO criteria; the search for complementary clonal markers, such as ASXL1, EZH2, IDH1/IDH2, and SRSF2 for the diagnosis of myelofibrosis (MF) in patients who test negative for JAK2V617, CALR or MPL driver mutations. Regarding key differences of therapy recommendations, both recombinant interferon alpha and the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib are recommended as second-line therapies for PV patients who are intolerant or have inadequate response to hydroxyurea. Ruxolitinib is recommended as first-line approach for MF-associated splenomegaly in patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk disease; in case of intermediate-1 disease, ruxolitinib is recommended in highly symptomatic splenomegaly. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is recommended for transplant-eligible MF patients with high or intermediate-2 risk score. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is also recommended for transplant-eligible MF patients with intermediate-1 risk score who present with either refractory, transfusion-dependent anemia, blasts in peripheral blood > 2%, adverse cytogenetics, or high-risk mutations. In these situations, the transplant procedure should be performed in a controlled setting.
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11
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Barbui T, Thiele J, Gisslinger H, Kvasnicka HM, Vannucchi AM, Guglielmelli P, Orazi A, Tefferi A. The 2016 WHO classification and diagnostic criteria for myeloproliferative neoplasms: document summary and in-depth discussion. Blood Cancer J 2018. [PMID: 29426921 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-018-0054-y.pmid:29426921;pmcid:pmc5807384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The new edition of the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification system for tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues was published in September 2017. Under the category of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), the revised document includes seven subcategories: chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic neutrophilic leukemia, polycythemia vera (PV), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), essential thrombocythemia (ET), chronic eosinophilic leukemia-not otherwise specified and MPN, unclassifiable (MPN-U); of note, mastocytosis is no longer classified under the MPN category. In the current review, we focus on the diagnostic criteria for JAK2/CALR/MPL mutation-related MPNs: PV, ET, and PMF. In this regard, the 2016 changes were aimed at facilitating the distinction between masked PV and JAK2-mutated ET and between prefibrotic/early and overtly fibrotic PMF. In the current communication, we (i) provide practically useful resource tables and graphs on the new diagnostic criteria including outcome, (ii) elaborate on the rationale for the 2016 changes, (iii) discuss the complementary role of mutation screening, (iv) address ongoing controversies and propose solutions, (v) attend to the challenges of applying WHO criteria in routine clinical practice, and (vi) outline future directions from the perspectives of the clinical pathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Barbui
- FROM Research Foundation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Jürgen Thiele
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Paola Guglielmelli
- CRIMM-Centro Ricerca e Innovazione delle Malattie Mieloproliferative, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Barbui T, Thiele J, Gisslinger H, Kvasnicka HM, Vannucchi AM, Guglielmelli P, Orazi A, Tefferi A. The 2016 WHO classification and diagnostic criteria for myeloproliferative neoplasms: document summary and in-depth discussion. Blood Cancer J 2018; 8:15. [PMID: 29426921 PMCID: PMC5807384 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-018-0054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The new edition of the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification system for tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues was published in September 2017. Under the category of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), the revised document includes seven subcategories: chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic neutrophilic leukemia, polycythemia vera (PV), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), essential thrombocythemia (ET), chronic eosinophilic leukemia-not otherwise specified and MPN, unclassifiable (MPN-U); of note, mastocytosis is no longer classified under the MPN category. In the current review, we focus on the diagnostic criteria for JAK2/CALR/MPL mutation-related MPNs: PV, ET, and PMF. In this regard, the 2016 changes were aimed at facilitating the distinction between masked PV and JAK2-mutated ET and between prefibrotic/early and overtly fibrotic PMF. In the current communication, we (i) provide practically useful resource tables and graphs on the new diagnostic criteria including outcome, (ii) elaborate on the rationale for the 2016 changes, (iii) discuss the complementary role of mutation screening, (iv) address ongoing controversies and propose solutions, (v) attend to the challenges of applying WHO criteria in routine clinical practice, and (vi) outline future directions from the perspectives of the clinical pathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Barbui
- FROM Research Foundation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Jürgen Thiele
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Paola Guglielmelli
- CRIMM-Centro Ricerca e Innovazione delle Malattie Mieloproliferative, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Nieborowska-Skorska M, Maifrede S, Dasgupta Y, Sullivan K, Flis S, Le BV, Solecka M, Belyaeva EA, Kubovcakova L, Nawrocki M, Kirschner M, Zhao H, Prchal JT, Piwocka K, Moliterno AR, Wasik M, Koschmieder S, Green TR, Skoda RC, Skorski T. Ruxolitinib-induced defects in DNA repair cause sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2017; 130:2848-2859. [PMID: 29042365 PMCID: PMC5746670 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-784942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) often carry JAK2(V617F), MPL(W515L), or CALR(del52) mutations. Current treatment options for MPNs include cytoreduction by hydroxyurea and JAK1/2 inhibition by ruxolitinib, both of which are not curative. We show here that cell lines expressing JAK2(V617F), MPL(W515L), or CALR(del52) accumulated reactive oxygen species-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and were modestly sensitive to poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors olaparib and BMN673. At the same time, primary MPN cell samples from individual patients displayed a high degree of variability in sensitivity to these drugs. Ruxolitinib inhibited 2 major DSB repair mechanisms, BRCA-mediated homologous recombination and DNA-dependent protein kinase-mediated nonhomologous end-joining, and, when combined with olaparib, caused abundant accumulation of toxic DSBs resulting in enhanced elimination of MPN primary cells, including the disease-initiating cells from the majority of patients. Moreover, the combination of BMN673, ruxolitinib, and hydroxyurea was highly effective in vivo against JAK2(V617F)+ murine MPN-like disease and also against JAK2(V617F)+, CALR(del52)+, and MPL(W515L)+ primary MPN xenografts. In conclusion, we postulate that ruxolitinib-induced deficiencies in DSB repair pathways sensitized MPN cells to synthetic lethality triggered by PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Maifrede
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yashodhara Dasgupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sylwia Flis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pharmacology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bac Viet Le
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Solecka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizaveta A Belyaeva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lucia Kubovcakova
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel/University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Morgan Nawrocki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Martin Kirschner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Josef T Prchal
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alison R Moliterno
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Mariusz Wasik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tony R Green
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel/University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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14
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Rumi E, Boveri E, Bellini M, Pietra D, Ferretti VV, Sant'Antonio E, Cavalloni C, Casetti IC, Roncoroni E, Ciboddo M, Benvenuti P, Landini B, Fugazza E, Troletti D, Astori C, Cazzola M. Clinical course and outcome of essential thrombocythemia and prefibrotic myelofibrosis according to the revised WHO 2016 diagnostic criteria. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101735-101744. [PMID: 29254200 PMCID: PMC5731910 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently revised World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms recognizes prefibrotic myelofibrosis (prePMF) as a distinct entity, characterized by well-defined histopathologic features together with minor clinical criteria (leukocytes, anemia, increased LDH, splenomegaly). The aim of the study was to examine the clinical relevance of distinguishing prePMF from essential thrombocythemia (ET). We identified in our database all patients affected with ET, prePMF and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) diagnosed according to 2008 WHO criteria with a bone marrow fibrosis grade 0-1 at diagnosis and one DNA sample to define the mutational status. The bone marrow morphology of all 404 identified patients was reviewed by an expert pathologist and patients were reclassified according to the 2016 WHO criteria. After reclassification, our cohort included 269 ET, 109 prePMF, and 26 myeloproliferative neoplasm unclassificable. In comparison with ET, patients with prePMF had higher leukocyte count, lower hemoglobin level, higher platelet count, higher LDH values, and higher number of circulating CD34-positive cells; they showed more frequently splenomegaly (all P values < ·001). CALR mutations were more frequent in prePMF than in ET (35·8% vs 17·8%, P < ·001). PrePMF patients had shorter overall survival (P < ·001) and a trend to a higher incidence of leukemic evolution (P ·067) compared to ET patients, while they did not differ in terms of thrombotic and bleeding complications. In conclusion, ET and prePMF diagnosed according to 2016 WHO criteria are two entities with a different clinical phenotype at diagnosis and a different clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rumi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Boveri
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Bellini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pietra
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Cavalloni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria C Casetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Roncoroni
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Ciboddo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Benvenuti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Landini
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Fugazza
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Troletti
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cesare Astori
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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15
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Bjørn ME, Hasselbalch HC. Minimal residual disease or cure in MPNs? Rationales and perspectives on combination therapy with interferon-alpha2 and ruxolitinib. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:393-404. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1284583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mads Emil Bjørn
- Department of Hematology, Region Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Reumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Andıç N, Ünübol M, Yağcı E, Akay OM, Yavaşoğlu İ, Kadıköylü VG, Bolaman AZ. Clinical Features of 294 Turkish Patients with Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Turk J Haematol 2016; 33:187-95. [PMID: 27094255 PMCID: PMC5111463 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2015.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) share common clonal stem cells but show significant differences in their clinical courses. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications, JAK2 status, gastrointestinal and cardiac changes, treatment modalities, and survival in MPNs in Turkish patients. Materials and Methods: Medical files of 294 patients [112 essential thrombocythemia (ET), 117 polycythemia vera (PV), 46 primary myelofibrosis, and 19 unclassified MPN cases] from 2 different universities in Turkey were examined. Results: Older age, higher leukocyte count at diagnosis, and JAK2 mutation positivity were risk factors for thrombosis. Platelet count over 1000x109/L was a risk factor for hemorrhagic episodes. Hydroxyurea treatment was not related to leukemic transformation. Median follow-up time was 50 months (quartiles: 22.2-81.75) in these patients. Patients with primary myelofibrosis had the shortest survival of 137 months when compared with 179 months for ET and 231 months for PV. Leukemic transformation, thromboembolic events, age over 60 years, and anemia were found to be the factors affecting survival. Conclusion: Thromboembolic complications are the most important preventable risk factors for morbidity and mortality in MPNs. Drug management in MPNs is done according to hemoglobin and platelet counts. Based on the current study population our results support the idea that leukocytosis and JAK2 positivity are more important risk factors for thrombosis than hemoglobin and platelet values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Andıç
- Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, Eskişehir, Turkey, Phone: +90 532 518 22 63, E-mail:
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17
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Barosi G, Klersy C, Villani L, Bonetti E, Catarsi P, Poletto V, Campanelli R, Impera S, Latagliata R, Viarengo G, Carolei A, Massa M, Musso M, Crescimanno A, Gale RP, Rosti V. JAK2(V617F) allele burden ⩾50% is associated with response to ruxolitinib in persons with MPN-associated myelofibrosis and splenomegaly requiring therapy. Leukemia 2016; 30:1772-5. [PMID: 26975727 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Barosi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Klersy
- Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Villani
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - E Bonetti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Catarsi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - V Poletto
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - R Campanelli
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Impera
- Hematology, Presidio Ospedaliero Garibaldi-Nesima, Catania, Italy
| | - R Latagliata
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Italy
| | - G Viarengo
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Carolei
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Massa
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Musso
- Dipartimento Oncologico 'La Maddalena', UO di Oncologia e Trapianto di Midollo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Crescimanno
- Dipartimento Oncologico 'La Maddalena', UO di Oncologia e Trapianto di Midollo, Palermo, Italy
| | - R P Gale
- Haematology Research Centre, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - V Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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18
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Current opinion and consensus statement regarding the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients with essential thrombocythemia: a survey of the Spanish Group of Ph-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (GEMFIN) using the Delphi method. Ann Hematol 2016; 95:719-32. [PMID: 26898207 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-016-2614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current consensus on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of essential thrombocythemia (ET) is based on experts' recommendations. However, several aspects of the diagnosis of, prognosis of, and therapy for ET are still controversial. The Delphi method was employed with an expert panel of members of the Spanish Group of Ph-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in order to identify the degree of agreement on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of ET. Nine leading experts selected a total of 41 clinical hematologists with well-known expertise in ET. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect the questions rated in a four-step scale. The questions were grouped into four blocks: diagnosis, risk stratification, goals of therapy, and treatment strategy. After the first round consisting of 80 questions, a second round including 14 additional questions focused on the recommendations advocated by experts of the European LeukemiaNet in 2011 was analyzed. The median and mean values for the first and second rounds were calculated. A summary of the conclusions considered as the most representative of each block of questions is presented. The Delphi method is a powerful instrument to address the current approaches and controversies surrounding ET.
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19
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Thrombotic risk assessment in 185 WHO-defined essential thrombocythemia patients: single center experience. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2016; 19:396-9. [PMID: 26793025 PMCID: PMC4709397 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2015.54083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis risk in essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients can be assessed using different prognostic systems. Conventional risk factors include age more than 60 years and history of previous thrombosis. In addition, other factors such as JAK2 V617F mutations, cardiovascular risk factors, leukocytosis more than 11 × 109/l, thrombophilic factors and platelet count more than 1500 × 109/l are used in different hematology centers as high-risk features for thrombosis. Our study compared different risk model groups for thrombosis in 185 WHO-defined ET patients at the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Klinikos. We found that patient distribution in low, intermediate- and high-risk groups varies using different risk stratification models. The biggest difference in risk assignment is evident in patients who are older than 60 years and have no other risk factors and in patients who are younger than 60 years but have other risk factors. This observation suggests that new prospective randomized clinical trials are needed to better stratify patients at risk for thrombosis.
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20
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De Stefano V, Qi X, Betti S, Rossi E. Splanchnic vein thrombosis and myeloproliferative neoplasms: molecular-driven diagnosis and long-term treatment. Thromb Haemost 2016; 115:240-9. [PMID: 26333846 DOI: 10.1160/th15-04-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) encompasses Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO), and mesenteric vein thrombosis. Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNS) are the leading systemic cause of non-cirrhotic and non-malignant SVT and are diagnosed in 40% of BCS patients and one-third of EHPVO patients. In SVT patients the molecular marker JAK2 V617F is detectable up to 87% of those with overt MPN and up to 26% of those without. In the latter, other MPN molecular markers, such as mutations in JAK2 exon 12, CALR and MPL genes, are extremely rare. Immediate anticoagulation with heparin is used to treat acute patients. Upon clinical deterioration, catheter-directed thrombolysis or a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is used in conjunction with anticoagulation. Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only reliable option in BCS patients with a lack of a response to other treatments, without contraindication due to MPN. Long-term oral anticoagulation with vitamin K-antagonists (VKA) is recommended in all SVT patients with the MPN-related permanent prothrombotic state; the benefits of adding aspirin to VKA are uncertain. Cytoreduction is warranted in all SVT patients with an overt MPN, but its appropriateness is doubtful in those with molecular MPN without hypercythaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio De Stefano
- Valerio De Stefano, MD, Institute of Hematology, Catholic University, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy, Tel.: +39 06 30154968, Fax: +39 06 30155209, E-mail:
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21
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Bregante S, Dominietto A, Ghiso A, Raiola AM, Gualandi F, Varaldo R, Di Grazia C, Lamparelli T, Luchetti S, Geroldi S, Casarino L, Pozzi S, Tedone E, Van Lint MT, Galaverna F, Barosi G, Bacigalupo A. Improved Outcome of Alternative Donor Transplantations in Patients with Myelofibrosis: From Unrelated to Haploidentical Family Donors. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 22:324-329. [PMID: 26456259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This is a retrospective analysis of 95 patients with myelofibrosis who were allografted between 2001 and 2014. The aims of the study were to assess whether the outcome of alternative donor grafts has improved with time and how this compares with the outcome of identical sibling grafts. Patients were studied in 2 time intervals: 2000 to 2010 (n = 58) and 2011 to 2014 (n = 37). The Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System score was comparable in the 2 time periods, but differences in the most recent group included older age (58 versus 53 years, P = .004), more family haploidentical donors (54% versus 5%, P < .0001), and the introduction of the thiotepa-fludarabine-busulfan conditioning regimen (70% of patients versus 2%, P < .0001). Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease were comparable in the 2 time periods. The 3-year transplantation-related mortality (TRM) in the 2011 to 2014 period versus the 2000 to 2010 period is 16% versus 32% (P = .10), the relapse rate 16% versus 40% (P = .06), and actuarial survival 70% versus 39% (P = .08). Improved survival was most pronounced in alternative donor grafts (69% versus 21%, P = .02), compared with matched sibling grafts (72% versus 45%, P = .40). In conclusion, the outcome of allografts in patients with myelofibrosis has improved in recent years because of a reduction of both TRM and relapse. Improvement is most significant in alternative donor transplantations, with modifications in donor type and conditioning regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bregante
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Alida Dominietto
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Ghiso
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Raiola
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Gualandi
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Varaldo
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Carmen Di Grazia
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Teresa Lamparelli
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Luchetti
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Geroldi
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Lucia Casarino
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Sarah Pozzi
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tedone
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Van Lint
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Galaverna
- Divisione Ematologia e Trapianto di Midollo, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barosi
- Unita' di Epidemiologia Clinica -Centro per lo studio della Mielofibrosi, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Bacigalupo
- Istituto di Ematologia, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A Gemelli, Roma, Italy.
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22
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Griesshammer M, Gisslinger H, Mesa R. Current and future treatment options for polycythemia vera. Ann Hematol 2015; 94:901-10. [PMID: 25832853 PMCID: PMC4420843 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-015-2357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with polycythemia vera (PV), a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by an elevated red blood cell mass, are at high risk of vascular and thrombotic complications and have reduced quality of life due to a substantial symptom burden that includes pruritus, fatigue, constitutional symptoms, microvascular disturbances, and bleeding. Conventional therapeutic options aim at reducing vascular and thrombotic risk, with low-dose aspirin and phlebotomy as first-line recommendations for patients at low risk of thrombotic events and cytoreductive therapy (usually hydroxyurea or interferon alpha) recommended for high-risk patients. However, long-term effective and well-tolerated treatments are still lacking. The discovery of mutations in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) as the underlying molecular basis of PV has led to the development of several targeted therapies, including JAK inhibitors, and results from the first phase 3 clinical trial with a JAK inhibitor in PV are now available. Here, we review the current treatment landscape in PV, as well as therapies currently in development.
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Barosi G, Rosti V, Gale RP. Critical appraisal of the role of ruxolitinib in myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated myelofibrosis. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1091-102. [PMID: 26056473 PMCID: PMC4445786 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s31916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent approval of molecular-targeted therapies for myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated myelofibrosis (MPN-MF) has dramatically changed its therapeutic landscape. Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/JAK2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is now widely used for first- and second-line therapy in persons with MPN-MF, especially those with disease-related splenomegaly, intermediate- or high-risk disease, and constitutional symptoms. The goal of this work is to critically analyze data supporting use of ruxolitinib in the clinical settings approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA). We systematically reviewed the literature and analyzed the risk of biases in the two randomized studies (COMFORT I and COMFORT II) on which FDA and EMA approval was based. Our strategy was to apply the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach by evaluating five dimensions of evidence: (1) overall risk of bias, (2) imprecision, (3) inconsistency, (4) indirectness, and (5) publication bias. Based on these criteria, we downgraded the evidence from the COMFORT I and COMFORT II trials for performance, attrition, and publication bias. In the disease-associated splenomegaly sphere, we upgraded the quality of evidence because of large effect size but downgraded it because of comparator choice and outcome indirectness (quality of evidence, low). In the sphere of treating persons with intermediate- or high-risk disease, we downgraded the evidence because of imprecision in effect size measurement and population indirectness. In the sphere of disease-associated symptoms, we upgraded the evidence because of the large effect size, but downgraded it because of comparator indirectness (quality of evidence, moderate). In conclusion, using the GRADE technique, we identified factors affecting the quality of evidence that were otherwise unstated. Identifying and evaluating these factors should influence the confidence with which physicians use ruxolitinib in persons with MPN-MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barosi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, IRCCS Policlinico S Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, IRCCS Policlinico S Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- Haematology Research Centre, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Rupoli S, Goteri G, Picardi P, Micucci G, Canafoglia L, Scortechini AR, Federici I, Giantomassi F, Da Lio L, Zizzi A, Honorati E, Leoni P. Thrombosis in essential thrombocytemia and early/prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis: the role of the WHO histological diagnosis. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:29. [PMID: 25885405 PMCID: PMC4407780 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular events represent the most frequent complications of thrombocytemias. We aimed to evaluate their risk in the WHO histologic categories of Essential Thrombocytemia (ET) and early Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF). METHODS From our clinical database of 283 thrombocytemic patients, we selected those with available bone marrow histology performed before any treatment, at or within 1 year from diagnosis, and reclassified the 131 cases as true ET or early PMF, with or without fibrosis, according to the WHO histological criteria. Vaso-occlusive events at diagnosis and in the follow-up were compared in the WHO-groups. RESULTS Histologic review reclassified 61 cases as ET and 72 cases as early PMF (26 prefibrotic and 42 with grade 1 or 2 fibrosis). Compared to ET, early PMF showed a significant higher rate of thrombosis both in the past history (22% vs 8%) and at diagnosis (15.2% vs 1.6%), and an increased leukocyte count (8389 vs 7500/mmc). Venous thromboses (mainly atypical) were relatively more common in PMF than in ET. Patients with prefibrotic PMF, although younger, showed a significant higher 15-year risk of developing thrombosis (48% vs 16% in fibrotic PMF and 17% in ET). At multivariate analysis, age and WHO histology were both independent risk-factors for thrombosis during follow-up; patients >60 yr-old or with prefibrotic PMF showed a significantly higher risk at 20 years than patients <60 yr-old with ET or fibrotic PMF (47% vs 4%, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our study support the importance of WHO histologic categories in the thrombotic risk stratification of patients with thrombocytemias. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2020211863144412 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Rupoli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Clinic of Hematology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Gaia Goteri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Pathologic Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Torrette, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Paola Picardi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Clinic of Hematology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Micucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Clinic of Hematology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Lucia Canafoglia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Clinic of Hematology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Scortechini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Clinic of Hematology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Irene Federici
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Clinic of Hematology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Federica Giantomassi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Pathologic Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Torrette, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Lidia Da Lio
- Clinical Pathology, United Ancona Hospital, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Antonio Zizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Pathologic Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Torrette, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Elisa Honorati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Clinic of Hematology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Pietro Leoni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Clinic of Hematology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ancona, Italy.
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Gianelli U, Iurlo A, Cattaneo D, Bossi A, Cortinovis I, Augello C, Moro A, Savi F, Castelli R, Brambilla C, Bianchi P, Primignani M, Cortelezzi A, Bosari S. Discrepancies between bone marrow histopathology and clinical phenotype in BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms associated with splanchnic vein thrombosis. Leuk Res 2015; 39:525-9. [PMID: 25840747 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined a consecutive series of 29 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) associated with splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) in order to evaluate their bone marrow morphology and identify possible associations between histological findings and clinical features. Eleven patients showed the morphological features of polycythemia vera (PV), 11 of primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and six of essential thrombocythemia (ET). Molecular analyses identified the JAK2 V617F mutation in 27 patients; one of the JAK2-negative patients carried the MPL W515K mutation, the other was "triple-negative" (no JAK2, MPL or CALR mutation). On the basis of the WHO classification, three patients were classified as having PV, 11 as having PMF, and two as having ET; the remaining 13 cases fell into the MPN-unclassifiable category as there were discrepancies between their morphological and clinical features. In conclusion, our findings suggest that bone marrow histology should always be considered a key component of the diagnostic algorithm in patients with SVT, but that it is not enough to distinguish the different entities. This is particularly important because diagnoses of PV, PMF or ET have very different prognoses and obviously imply different therapies. It is therefore necessary to adopt a comprehensive approach that considers morphological, clinical and molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Gianelli
- Hematopathology Service, Division of Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan and IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Oncohematology of the Elderly Unit, Oncohematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniele Cattaneo
- Oncohematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation and University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Bossi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ivan Cortinovis
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudia Augello
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan and IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessia Moro
- Division of Pathology, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Savi
- Division of Pathology, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberto Castelli
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Brambilla
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan and IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Bianchi
- Oncohematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation and University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Primignani
- First Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy.
| | - Agostino Cortelezzi
- Oncohematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation and University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvano Bosari
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan and IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy.
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Haldar D, Chen F, Byron J, Elsharkawy AM, Perera MTP. Is it time to revisit contraindications to organ donation from donors with a JAK-2 mutation? Safe use of a liver allograft from a donor with essential thrombocythaemia. Transpl Int 2015; 28:881-3. [PMID: 25778631 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation can cure end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the balance of organ demand and provision is heavily tipped to the detriment of patients. Patients awaiting transplantation rely on the greater use of marginal donors that may carry a risk to the recipient. UK authorities have decreed donor haematological malignancy an absolute contraindication. The authors describe the first report of a patient being safely transplanted with a liver from a donor who suffered from JAK2 V617F mutation-driven essential thrombocythaemia to a patient with a critical burden of hepatocellular carcinoma. A year after transplantation, the patient has neither evidence of acquisition of the donor's pathology, nor evidence of carcinoma recurrence. The case highlights the responsibility of the recipient team to maximize the use of organs by expert risk assessment. Dissemination of experience should inform future decisions, benefit patients and bolster utility in an era of growing waiting-list mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Haldar
- The Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Frederick Chen
- Haematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jane Byron
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - M Thamara Pr Perera
- The Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Alvarez-Larrán A, Ancochea A, García M, Climent F, García-Pallarols F, Angona A, Senín A, Barranco C, Martínez-Avilés L, Serrano S, Bellosillo B, Besses C. WHO-histological criteria for myeloproliferative neoplasms: reproducibility, diagnostic accuracy and correlation with gene mutations and clinical outcomes. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:911-9. [PMID: 24957246 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow histology is included in the diagnostic criteria of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). However, some concerns have emerged about its reproducibility. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of histology and to assess its correlation with presence of mutations and clinical outcomes, two pathologists reviewed the bone marrow biopsies corresponding to 211 patients with MPN. Despite the low agreement in the evaluation of individual histopathological characteristics, the concordance among pathologists when establishing the diagnosis was good (Kappa index 0·67). The specificity of histology was 100%, 98·5% and 98% in polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), respectively, whereas the sensitivity of histological diagnosis was low in PV and ET (32·5% and 54% respectively) and acceptable in PMF (75%). Thirteen out of 146 (9%) patients with clinical ET were diagnosed as prefibrotic PMF. No histological agreement or MPN otherwise unspecified was more frequently observed in JAK2 V617F-positive ET than in CALR-mutated cases, whereas megakaryocytic abnormalities and prefibrotic PMF were more frequently observed in CALR-mutated ET. In conclusion, histological criteria of MPN have a limited diagnostic accuracy due to low sensitivity. Patients with JAK2 V617F-positive MPN have a heterogeneous histology while CALR-positive ET is associated with megakaryocyte abnormalities and prefibrotic PMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Alvarez-Larrán
- Department of Haematology, Hospital del Mar, IMIM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Barosi G. Essential thrombocythemia vs. early/prefibrotic myelofibrosis: Why does it matter. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2014; 27:129-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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