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Mamachan M, Sharun K, Banu SA, Muthu S, Pawde AM, Abualigah L, Maiti SK. Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration: Insights into molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102380. [PMID: 38615643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cartilage regeneration has gained significant attention in regenerative medicine. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-based cartilage regeneration and explores various therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of MSCs in this context. MSCs exhibit multipotent capabilities and can differentiate into various cell lineages under specific microenvironmental cues. Chondrogenic differentiation, a complex process involving signaling pathways, transcription factors, and growth factors, plays a pivotal role in the successful regeneration of cartilage tissue. The chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is tightly regulated by growth factors and signaling pathways such as TGF-β, BMP, Wnt/β-catenin, RhoA/ROCK, NOTCH, and IHH (Indian hedgehog). Understanding the intricate balance between these pathways is crucial for directing lineage-specific differentiation and preventing undesirable chondrocyte hypertrophy. Additionally, paracrine effects of MSCs, mediated by the secretion of bioactive factors, contribute significantly to immunomodulation, recruitment of endogenous stem cells, and maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype. Pre-treatment strategies utilized to potentiate MSCs, such as hypoxic conditions, low-intensity ultrasound, kartogenin treatment, and gene editing, are also discussed for their potential to enhance MSC survival, differentiation, and paracrine effects. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in MSC-based cartilage regeneration and outlines promising therapeutic strategies. The insights presented contribute to the ongoing efforts in optimizing MSC-based therapies for effective cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Mamachan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - S Amitha Banu
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Kaur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Laith Abualigah
- Artificial Intelligence and Sensing Technologies (AIST) Research Center, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; Computer Science Department, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos 13-5053, Lebanon; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya 27500, Malaysia
| | - Swapan Kumar Maiti
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Benegas P, Ziegler B, Dieminger V, Bengió R, Zapata P, Larripa I, Ferri C. Expression of genes potentially involved in loss of response in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Gene 2024; 896:148047. [PMID: 38042214 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the presence of the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, which leads to uncontrolled cell growth and survival. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of CML, but a significant proportion of patients develop resistance or lose response to these drugs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying treatment response and resistance is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the expression patterns of genes involved in treatment response and resistance in CML patients receiving TKI therapy. The expression levels of MET, FOXO3, p15, p16, HCK, and FYN genes were examined in CML patients and compared to healthy donors. Gene expression levels were compared between optimal responders (OR) and resistant patients (R) vs. healthy donors (HD). The MET and FOXO3 OR group showed significant differences compared with the HD, (p < 0.0001) and (p = 0.0003), respectively. p15 expression showed significant differences between OR and HD groups (p = 0.0078), while no significant differences were found in p16 expression between the HD groups. FYN showed a statistically significant difference between R vs. HD (p = 0.0157). The results of HCK expression analysis revealed significant differences between OR and HD (p = 0.0041) and between R and HD (p = 0.0026). When we analyzed OR patients with undetectable BCR::ABL1 transcripts, a greater expression of HCK was observed in the R group. These findings suggest that monitoring the expression levels of MET and FOXO3 genes could be valuable in predicting treatment response and relapse in CML patients. Our study provides important insights into the potential use of gene expression analysis as a tool for predicting treatment response and guiding treatment decisions in CML patients. This knowledge may ultimately contribute to the development of personalized treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Benegas
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL), Misiones, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Invetigaciones Cientìficas y Tècnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Betiana Ziegler
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL), Misiones, Argentina; Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, IMEX, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Dieminger
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL), Misiones, Argentina
| | - Raquel Bengió
- Departamento de Hemato-oncología, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Zapata
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL), Misiones, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Invetigaciones Cientìficas y Tècnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Larripa
- Laboratorio de Genética Hematológica, IMEX, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Ferri
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL), Misiones, Argentina.
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Giallongo S, Duminuco A, Dulcamare I, Zuppelli T, La Spina E, Scandura G, Santisi A, Romano A, Di Raimondo F, Tibullo D, Palumbo GA, Giallongo C. Engagement of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Remodeling of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Hematological Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1701. [PMID: 38136573 PMCID: PMC10741414 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a subset of heterogeneous, non-hematopoietic fibroblast-like cells which play important roles in tissue repair, inflammation, and immune modulation. MSCs residing in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) functionally interact with hematopoietic stem progenitor cells regulating hematopoiesis. However, MSCs have also emerged in recent years as key regulators of the tumor microenvironment. Indeed, they are now considered active players in the pathophysiology of hematologic malignancies rather than passive bystanders in the hematopoietic microenvironment. Once a malignant event occurs, the BMME acquires cellular, molecular, and epigenetic abnormalities affecting tumor growth and progression. In this context, MSC behavior is affected by signals coming from cancer cells. Furthermore, it has been shown that stromal cells themselves play a major role in several hematological malignancies' pathogenesis. This bidirectional crosstalk creates a functional tumor niche unit wherein tumor cells acquire a selective advantage over their normal counterparts and are protected from drug treatment. It is therefore of critical importance to unveil the underlying mechanisms which activate a protumor phenotype of MSCs for defining the unmasked vulnerabilities of hematological cancer cells which could be pharmacologically exploited to disrupt tumor/MSC coupling. The present review focuses on the current knowledge about MSC dysfunction mechanisms in the BMME of hematological cancers, sustaining tumor growth, immune escape, and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Giallongo
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.G.); (G.A.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Andrea Duminuco
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Ilaria Dulcamare
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Tatiana Zuppelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.Z.); (E.L.S.)
| | - Enrico La Spina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.Z.); (E.L.S.)
| | - Grazia Scandura
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (A.R.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Annalisa Santisi
- Division of Hematology, AOU Policlinico, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (A.R.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (A.R.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (T.Z.); (E.L.S.)
| | - Giuseppe A. Palumbo
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.G.); (G.A.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.G.); (G.A.P.); (C.G.)
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Jacobi H, Vieri M, Bütow M, Namasu CY, Flüter L, Costa IG, Maié T, Lindemann-Docter K, Chatain N, Beier F, Huber M, Wagner W, Crysandt M, Brümmendorf TH, Schemionek M. Myelofibrosis at diagnosis is associated with the failure of treatment-free remission in CML patients. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1212392. [PMID: 37469867 PMCID: PMC10352620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been revolutionized by the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which induce deep molecular responses so that treatment can eventually be discontinued, leading to treatment-free remission (TFR) in a subset of patients. Unfortunately, leukemic stem cells (LSCs) often persist and a fraction of these can again expand in about half of patients that attempt TKI discontinuation. In this study, we show that presence of myelofibrosis (MF) at the time of diagnosis is a factor associating with TFR failure. Fibrotic transformation is governed by the action of several cytokines, and interestingly, some of them have also been described to support LSC persistence. At the cellular level, these could be produced by both malignant cells and by components of the bone marrow (BM) niche, including megakaryocytes (MKs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). In our cohort of 57 patients, around 40% presented with MF at diagnosis and the number of blasts in the peripheral blood and BM was significantly elevated in patients with higher grade of MF. Employing a CML transgenic mouse model, we could observe higher levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the BM when compared to control mice. Short-term treatment with the TKI nilotinib, efficiently reduced spleen weight and BCR::ABL1 mRNA levels, while α-SMA expression was only partially reduced. Interestingly, the number of MKs was increased in the spleen of CML mice and elevated in both BM and spleen upon nilotinib treatment. Analysis of human CML-vs healthy donor (HD)-derived MSCs showed an altered expression of gene signatures reflecting fibrosis as well as hematopoietic support, thus suggesting MSCs as a potential player in these two processes. Finally, in our cohort, 12 patients qualified for TKI discontinuation, and here we observed that all patients who failed TFR had BM fibrosis at diagnosis, whereas this was only the case in 25% of patients with achieved TFR, further supporting the link between fibrosis and LSC persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Jacobi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Margherita Vieri
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Marlena Bütow
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolina Y. Namasu
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Flüter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G. Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tiago Maié
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Crysandt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H. Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirle Schemionek
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Aachen, Germany
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Dadashzadeh A, Moghassemi S, Grubliauskaité M, Vlieghe H, Brusa D, Amorim CA. Medium supplementation can influence the human ovarian cells in vitro. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:137. [PMID: 36572931 PMCID: PMC9791781 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells are an essential part of the triple principles of tissue engineering and a crucial component of the engineered ovary as they can induce angiogenesis, synthesize extracellular matrix and influence follicle development. Here, we hypothesize that by changing the medium supplementation, we can obtain different cell populations isolated from the human ovary to use in the engineered ovary. To this end, we have in vitro cultured cells isolated from the menopausal ovarian cortex using different additives: KnockOut serum replacement (KO), fetal bovine serum (FBS), human serum albumin (HSA), and platelet lysate (PL). RESULTS Our results showed that most cells soon after isolation (pre-culture, control) and cells in KO and FBS groups were CD31- CD34- (D0: vs. CD31-CD34+, CD31 + CD34+, and CD31 + CD34- p < 0.0001; KO: vs. CD31-CD34+, CD31 + CD34+, and CD31 + CD34- p < 0.0001; FBS: vs. CD31-CD34+ and CD31 + CD34+ p < 0.001, and vs. CD31 + CD34- p < 0.01). Moreover, a deeper analysis of the CD31-CD34- population demonstrated a significant augmentation (more than 86%) of the CD73+ and CD90+ cells (possibly fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, or pericytes) in KO- and FBS-based media compared to the control (around 16%; p < 0.001). Still, in the CD31-CD34- population, we found a higher proportion (60%) of CD90+ and PDPN+ cells (fibroblast-like cells) compared to the control (around 7%; vs PL and KO p < 0.01 and vs FBS p < 0.001). Additionally, around 70% of cells in KO- and FBS-based media were positive for CD105 and CD146, which may indicate an increase in the number of pericytes in these media compared to a low percentage (4%) in the control group (vs KO and FBS p < 0.001). On the other hand, we remarked a significant decrease of CD31- CD34+ cells after in vitro culture using all different medium additives (HSA vs D0 p < 0.001, PL, KO, and FBS vs D0 P < 0.01). We also observed a significant increase in epithelial cells (CD326+) when the medium was supplemented with KO (vs D0 p < 0.05). Interestingly, HSA and PL showed more lymphatic endothelial cells compared to other groups (CD31 + CD34+: HSA and PL vs KO and FBS p < 0.05; CD31 + CD34 + CD90 + PDPN+: HSA and PL vs D0 p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that medium additives can influence the cell populations, which serve as building blocks for the engineered tissue. Therefore, according to the final application, different media can be used in vitro to favor different cell types, which will be incorporated into a functional matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XPôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saeid Moghassemi
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XPôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Monika Grubliauskaité
- grid.459837.40000 0000 9826 8822Department of Biobank, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Hanne Vlieghe
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XPôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Davide Brusa
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XCytoFlux-Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Platform, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A. Amorim
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XPôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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BCR-ABL1 Tyrosine Kinase Complex Signaling Transduction: Challenges to Overcome Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010215. [PMID: 35057108 PMCID: PMC8780254 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The constitutively active BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase, found in t(9;22)(q34;q11) chromosomal translocation-derived leukemia, initiates an extremely complex signaling transduction cascade that induces a strong state of resistance to chemotherapy. Targeted therapies based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib, have revolutionized the treatment of BCR-ABL1-driven leukemia, particularly chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, TKIs do not cure CML patients, as some develop TKI resistance and the majority relapse upon withdrawal from treatment. Importantly, although BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase is necessary to initiate and establish the malignant phenotype of Ph-related leukemia, in the later advanced phase of the disease, BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms are also in place. Here, we present an overview of the signaling pathways initiated by BCR-ABL1 and discuss the major challenges regarding immunologic/pharmacologic combined therapies.
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Houshmand M, Kazemi A, Anjam Najmedini A, Ali MS, Gaidano V, Cignetti A, Fava C, Cilloni D, Saglio G, Circosta P. Shedding Light on Targeting Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245805. [PMID: 34945101 PMCID: PMC8708315 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells (CML LSCs) are a rare and quiescent population that are resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). When TKI therapy is discontinued in CML patients in deep, sustained and apparently stable molecular remission, these cells in approximately half of the cases restart to grow, resuming the leukemic process. The elimination of these TKI resistant leukemic stem cells is therefore an essential step in increasing the percentage of those patients who can reach a successful long-term treatment free remission (TFR). The understanding of the biology of the LSCs and the identification of the differences, phenotypic and/or metabolic, that could eventually allow them to be distinguished from the normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are therefore important steps in designing strategies to target LSCs in a rather selective way, sparing the normal counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Houshmand
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Alireza Kazemi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran; (A.K.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Ali Anjam Najmedini
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran; (A.K.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Ali
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Valentina Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, A.O. SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Cignetti
- Division of Hematology and Cell Therapy, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, 10128 Turin, Italy;
| | - Carmen Fava
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Circosta
- Department of Clinical Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (M.S.A.); (C.F.); (D.C.); (P.C.)
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8
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de Miranda MC, Melo MIAD, Cunha PDS, Gentilini J, Faria JAQA, Rodrigues MA, Gomes DA. Roles of mesenchymal stromal cells in the head and neck cancer microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112269. [PMID: 34794230 PMCID: PMC8630686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC), a common malignancy worldwide, is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common HNC type, followed by salivary gland carcinomas, head and neck sarcomas, and lymphomas. The microenvironment of HNCs comprises various cells that regulate tumor development. Recent studies have reported that the tumor microenvironment, which modulates cancer progression, regulates cancer treatment response. However, the presence of different types of stromal cells in cancers is a major challenge to elucidate the role of individual cells in tumor progression. The role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are a component of the tumor microenvironment, in HNC is unclear. The major impediment for characterizing the role of MSCs in cancer progression is the lack of MSC-specific markers and their phenotypic similarity with stromal cells. This review aimed to summarize the latest findings on the role of MSCs in the progression of HNC to improve our understanding of HNC pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Coutinho de Miranda
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Mariane Izabella Abreu de Melo
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pricila da Silva Cunha
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jovino Gentilini
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Michele Angela Rodrigues
- Department of General Pathology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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9
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Improving outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia through harnessing the immunological landscape. Leukemia 2021; 35:1229-1242. [PMID: 33833387 PMCID: PMC8102187 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The quest for treatment-free remission (TFR) and deep molecular response (DMR) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been profoundly impacted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Immunologic surveillance of residual leukemic cells is hypothesized to be one of the critical factors in successful TFR, with self-renewing leukemic stem cells implicated in relapse. Immunological characterization in CML may help to develop novel immunotherapies that specifically target residual leukemic cells upon TKI discontinuation to improve TFR rates. This review focuses on immune dysfunction in newly diagnosed CML patients, and the role that TKIs and other therapies have in restoring immune surveillance. Immune dysfunction and immunosurveillance in CML points towards several emerging areas in the key goals of DMR and TFR, including: (1) Aspects of innate immune system, in particular natural killer cells and the newly emerging target plasmacytoid dendritic cells. (2) The adaptive immune system, with promise shown in regard to leukemia-associated antigen vaccine-induced CD8 cytotoxic T-cells (CTL) responses, increased CTL expansion, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. (3) Immune suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T regulatory cells that are reduced in DMR and TFR. (4) Immunomodulator mesenchymal stromal cells that critically contribute to leukomogenesis through immunosuppressive properties and TKI- resistance. Therapeutic strategies that leverage existing immunological approaches include donor lymphocyte infusions, that continue to be used, often in combination with TKIs, in patients relapsing following allogeneic stem cell transplant. Furthermore, previous standards-of-care, including interferon-α, hold promise in attaining TFR in the post-TKI era. A deeper understanding of the immunological landscape in CML is therefore vital for both the development of novel and the repurposing of older therapies to improve TFR outcomes.
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10
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Kitami K, Yoshihara M, Koya Y, Sugiyama M, Iyoshi S, Uno K, Mogi K, Tano S, Fujimoto H, Nawa A, Kikkawa F, Kajiyama H. Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor-Dependent Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule Activation Promotes Peritoneal Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9776. [PMID: 33371469 PMCID: PMC7767511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the leading causes of death due to its high metastasis rate to the peritoneum. Recurrent peritoneal tumors also develop despite the use of conventional platinum-based chemotherapies. Therefore, it is still important to explore the factors associated with peritoneal metastasis, as these predict the prognosis of patients with OvCa. In this study, we investigated the function of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which contributes to the development of melanoma, in epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa). High MITF expression was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in OvCa. Notably, MITF contributed to the motility and invasion of OvCa cells, and specifically with their peri-mesothelial migration. In addition, MITF-positive cells expressed the melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM/CD146), which was initially identified as a marker of melanoma progression and metastasis, and MCAM expression was regulated by MITF. MCAM was also identified as a significant prognostic factor for poor progression-free survival in patients with OvCa. Collectively, our results suggest that MITF is a novel therapeutic target that potentially promotes peritoneal metastasis of OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Kitami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Yoshihiro Koya
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Mai Sugiyama
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Shohei Iyoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 19A, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kaname Uno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kazumasa Mogi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Sho Tano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroki Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Akihiro Nawa
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (K.K.); (S.I.); (K.U.); (K.M.); (S.T.); (H.F.); (F.K.); (H.K.)
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11
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Galland S, Stamenkovic I. Mesenchymal stromal cells in cancer: a review of their immunomodulatory functions and dual effects on tumor progression. J Pathol 2019; 250:555-572. [PMID: 31608444 PMCID: PMC7217065 DOI: 10.1002/path.5357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells implicated in a broad range of physiological events, including organogenesis and maintenance of tissue homeostasis as well as tissue regeneration and repair. Because their current definition is somewhat loose – based primarily on their ability to differentiate into a variety of mesenchymal tissues, adhere to plastic, and express, or lack, a handful of cell surface markers – MSCs likely encompass several subpopulations, which may have diverse properties. Their diversity may explain, at least in part, the pleiotropic functions that they display in different physiological and pathological settings. In the context of tissue injury, MSCs can respectively promote and attenuate inflammation during the early and late phases of tissue repair. They may thereby act as sensors of the inflammatory response and secrete mediators that boost or temper the response as required by the stage of the reparatory and regenerative process. MSCs are also implicated in regulating tumor development, in which they are increasingly recognized to play a complex role. Thus, MSCs can both promote and constrain tumor progression by directly affecting tumor cells via secreted mediators and cell–cell interactions and by modulating the innate and adaptive immune response. This review summarizes our current understanding of MSC involvement in tumor development and highlights the mechanistic underpinnings of their implication in tumor growth and progression. © 2020 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Galland
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Loscocco F, Visani G, Galimberti S, Curti A, Isidori A. BCR-ABL Independent Mechanisms of Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:939. [PMID: 31612105 PMCID: PMC6769066 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Not all chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients are cured with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and a proportion of them develop resistance. Recently, continuous BCR-ABL gene expression has been found in resistant cells with undetectable BCR-ABL protein expression, indicating that resistance may occur through kinase independent mechanisms, mainly due to the persistence of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). LSCs reside in the bone marrow niche in a quiescent state, and are characterized by a high heterogeneity in genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional mechanisms. New approaches based on single cell genomics have offered the opportunity to identify distinct subpopulations of LSCs at diagnosis and during treatment. In the one hand, TKIs are not able to efficiently kill CML-LSCs, but they may be responsible for the modification of some LSCs characteristics, thus contributing to heterogeneity within the tumor. In the other hand, the bone marrow niche is responsible for the interactions between surrounding stromal cells and LSCs, resulting in the generation of specific signals which could favor LSCs cell cycle arrest and allow them to persist during treatment with TKIs. Additionally, LSCs may themselves alter the niche by expressing various costimulatory molecules and secreting suppressive cytokines, able to target metabolic pathways, create an anti-apoptotic environment, and alter immune system functions. Accordingly, the production of an immunosuppressant milieu may facilitate tumor escape from immune surveillance and induce chemo-resistance. In this review we will focus on BCR-ABL-independent mechanisms, analyzing especially those with a potential clinical impact in the management of CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Loscocco
- Haematology and Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Visani
- Haematology and Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Sara Galimberti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology L. and A. Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Isidori
- Haematology and Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
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13
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Petinati NA, Petrova AN, Chelysheva EY, Shukhov OA, Bykova AV, Nemchenko IS, Sats NV, Turkina AG, Drize NI. Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia before Discontinuation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:580-583. [PMID: 31502137 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed changes in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia before discontinuation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Withdrawal syndrome was significantly more common in patients who have been taking tyrosine kinase inhibitors for a longer time and in patients of older age and with lower body weight. In patients with withdrawal syndrome, the total production of mesenchymal stromal cells and expression of FGFR2 and MMP2 genes were significantly lower; loss of deep molecular response was also less frequent in this group of patients. At the same time, the expression of genes important for the maintenance of stem cells (SOX9, PDGFRa, and LIF) was significantly lower in the mesenchymal stromal cells of patients with withdrawal syndrome and loss of deep molecular response. We observed a clear-cut relationship between the development of withdrawal syndrome and the loss of deep molecular response. The decrease in the expression of FGFR2 and MMP2 genes in the mesenchymal stromal cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia before discontinuation of treatment can be a predictor of withdrawal syndrome, while simultaneous decrease in the expression of SOX9, PDGFRa, and LIF in these cells attests to undesirability of therapy discontinuation at the moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Petinati
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Petrova
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Yu Chelysheva
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Shukhov
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Bykova
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I S Nemchenko
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Sats
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - N I Drize
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
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14
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Sharma M, Ross C, Srivastava S. Ally to adversary: mesenchymal stem cells and their transformation in leukaemia. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:139. [PMID: 31139016 PMCID: PMC6530176 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are the key regulators of hematopoiesis. Owing to their dynamic nature; MSC differentiate into various lineages that further constitute the niche which are required for maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). A plethora of growth factors and cytokines secreted by MSC are essential for regulating the homeostasis within the niche in terms of cycling and quiescence of HSC. Additionally, there is a strong evidence suggesting the role of MSC in transformation of the niche to favour survival of leukemic cells. Regulation of HSC by MSC via BMP, Wnt, Notch and Sonic Hedgehog signalling has been well elaborated, however the modulation of MSC by HSC/LSC is yet unresolved. The cross talk between the HSC and MSC via paracrine or autocrine mechanisms is essential for the transformation. There are some reports implicating cell adhesion molecules, growth factors and cytokines; in modulation of MSC function and differentiation. The role of exosome mediated modulation has also been reported in the context of MSC transformation however, much needs to be done to understand this phenomenon in the present context. Similarly, the role of circulating nucleic acids, a well-studied molecular phenomenon in other tumours, requires attention in their potential role in crosstalk between MSC and HSC. This review underlines the current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of MSC and its transformation in diseased state, laying stress on developing further understanding of MSC regulation for development of the latter as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Sharma
- 1Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Cecil Ross
- 1Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Sweta Srivastava
- 2Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
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15
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Integrative analysis of transcriptomics and clinical data uncovers the tumor-suppressive activity of MITF in prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1041. [PMID: 30310055 PMCID: PMC6181952 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of gene expression is an enabling hallmark of cancer. Computational analysis of transcriptomics data from human cancer specimens, complemented with exhaustive clinical annotation, provides an opportunity to identify core regulators of the tumorigenic process. Here we exploit well-annotated clinical datasets of prostate cancer for the discovery of transcriptional regulators relevant to prostate cancer. Following this rationale, we identify Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) as a prostate tumor suppressor among a subset of transcription factors. Importantly, we further interrogate transcriptomics and clinical data to refine MITF perturbation-based empirical assays and unveil Crystallin Alpha B (CRYAB) as an unprecedented direct target of the transcription factor that is, at least in part, responsible for its tumor-suppressive activity in prostate cancer. This evidence was supported by the enhanced prognostic potential of a signature based on the concomitant alteration of MITF and CRYAB in prostate cancer patients. In sum, our study provides proof-of-concept evidence of the potential of the bioinformatics screen of publicly available cancer patient databases as discovery platforms, and demonstrates that the MITF-CRYAB axis controls prostate cancer biology.
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16
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Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Kominek A, Wolczyk M, Kolba MD, Swatler J, Piwocka K. Characteristics of live parameters of the HS-5 human bone marrow stromal cell line cocultured with the leukemia cells in hypoxia, for the studies of leukemia-stroma cross-talk. Cytometry A 2018; 93:929-940. [PMID: 30247803 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The unique bone marrow microenvironment is created by stromal cells and such physical conditions as hypoxia. Both hypoxia and interactions with stromal cells have a significant impact on the biology of leukemia cells, changing their sensitivity to antileukemic therapies. Thus, it is crucial to introduce biological systems, which enable the investigation of leukemia-stroma cross-talk and verification of novel therapies effectiveness under such bone marrow niche-mimicking conditions. Here, we have established an experimental setup based on the hypoxic co-culture of stromal cells with different cell lines derived from various leukemia patients. Flow cytometry enables simultaneous fluorescent tracking of viable cells and analysis of fundamental cellular processes, also to monitor the basal vital state of cells in the hypoxic co-culture. This is critically important, as the stromal cells deliver a big variability of signals to protect leukemia cells and provide drug resistance. Therefore, keeping stromal cells at the healthy state is crucial during experimental procedures. In the proposed studies, viability, apoptosis, proliferation, ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane potential were monitored in both cell types, which were separated on the basis of the fluorescence of a cell tracker. We have shown that the proposed hypoxic co-culture conditions do not affect basal live parameters of stromal cells, indicating the relevance of proposed model. Finally, we utilized this experimental setup to monitor the stroma-mediated protection of leukemia cells from the imatinib-induced cell death, which contributes to the leukemia progression and development of therapy resistance. Altogether, we recommend such flow cytometric strategy as an elementary screen of the vital state of stromal cells, which should be performed when using the co-culture hypoxic models. The proposed approach can also be broadly used for other studies of the leukemia-stroma cross-talk and of the part played by the leukemic microenvironment in drug screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Kominek
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wolczyk
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta D Kolba
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julian Swatler
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Le Nail LR, Brennan M, Rosset P, Deschaseaux F, Piloquet P, Pichon O, Le Caignec C, Crenn V, Layrolle P, Hérault O, De Pinieux G, Trichet V. Comparison of Tumor- and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells from Patients with High-Grade Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E707. [PMID: 29494553 PMCID: PMC5877568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is suspected to originate from dysfunctional mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC). We sought to identify OS-derived cells (OSDC) with potential cancer stem cell (CSC) properties by comparing OSDC to MSC derived from bone marrow of patients. This study included in vitro characterization with sphere forming assays, differentiation assays, cytogenetic analysis, and in vivo investigations of their tumorigenicity and tumor supportive capacities. Primary cell lines were isolated from nine high-grade OS samples. All primary cell lines demonstrated stromal cell characteristics. Compared to MSC, OSDC presented a higher ability to form sphere clones, indicating a potential CSC phenotype, and were more efficient at differentiation towards osteoblasts. None of the OSDC displayed the complex chromosome rearrangements typical of high grade OS and none of them induced tumors in immunodeficient mice. However, two OSDC demonstrated focused genomic abnormalities. Three out of seven, and six out of seven OSDC showed a supportive role on local tumor development, and on metastatic progression to the lungs, respectively, when co-injected with OS cells in nude mice. The observation of OS-associated stromal cells with rare genetic abnormalities and with the capacity to sustain tumor progression may have implications for future tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Romée Le Nail
- Laboratoire d'étude des sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, INSERM UMR 1238, Université de Nantes, PhyOS, 44034 Nantes CEDEX 1, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique 2, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Université de Tours, 37044 CEDEX 9 Tours, France.
| | - Meadhbh Brennan
- Laboratoire d'étude des sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, INSERM UMR 1238, Université de Nantes, PhyOS, 44034 Nantes CEDEX 1, France.
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Philippe Rosset
- Laboratoire d'étude des sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, INSERM UMR 1238, Université de Nantes, PhyOS, 44034 Nantes CEDEX 1, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique 2, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Université de Tours, 37044 CEDEX 9 Tours, France.
| | - Frédéric Deschaseaux
- STROMA Lab, INSERM U1031, Etablissement Français du Sang Occitanie, Université de Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France.
| | - Philippe Piloquet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine de Nantes, 44034 CEDEX 1 Nantes, France.
| | - Olivier Pichon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine de Nantes, 44034 CEDEX 1 Nantes, France.
| | - Cédric Le Caignec
- Laboratoire d'étude des sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, INSERM UMR 1238, Université de Nantes, PhyOS, 44034 Nantes CEDEX 1, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine de Nantes, 44034 CEDEX 1 Nantes, France.
| | - Vincent Crenn
- Laboratoire d'étude des sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, INSERM UMR 1238, Université de Nantes, PhyOS, 44034 Nantes CEDEX 1, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Faculté de Médecine de Nantes, Université de Nantes, 44034 CEDEX 1 Nantes, France.
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- Laboratoire d'étude des sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, INSERM UMR 1238, Université de Nantes, PhyOS, 44034 Nantes CEDEX 1, France.
| | - Olivier Hérault
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, 37044 CEDEX 9 Tours, France.
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) GDR 3697, 75020 Paris, France.
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) ERL 7001 LNOx, 37032 CEDEX 1 Tours, Université de Tours, 37044 Tours, France.
| | - Gonzague De Pinieux
- Laboratoire d'étude des sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, INSERM UMR 1238, Université de Nantes, PhyOS, 44034 Nantes CEDEX 1, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Hôpital Trousseau, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Université de Tours, 37044 CEDEX 9 Tours, France.
| | - Valérie Trichet
- Laboratoire d'étude des sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés, INSERM UMR 1238, Université de Nantes, PhyOS, 44034 Nantes CEDEX 1, France.
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) GDR 3697, 75020 Paris, France.
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