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Zahmanova G, Aljabali AAA, Takova K, Minkov G, Tambuwala MM, Minkov I, Lomonossoff GP. Green Biologics: Harnessing the Power of Plants to Produce Pharmaceuticals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17575. [PMID: 38139405 PMCID: PMC10743837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are increasingly used for the production of high-quality biological molecules for use as pharmaceuticals and biomaterials in industry. Plants have proved that they can produce life-saving therapeutic proteins (Elelyso™-Gaucher's disease treatment, ZMapp™-anti-Ebola monoclonal antibodies, seasonal flu vaccine, Covifenz™-SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle vaccine); however, some of these therapeutic proteins are difficult to bring to market, which leads to serious difficulties for the manufacturing companies. The closure of one of the leading companies in the sector (the Canadian biotech company Medicago Inc., producer of Covifenz) as a result of the withdrawal of investments from the parent company has led to the serious question: What is hindering the exploitation of plant-made biologics to improve health outcomes? Exploring the vast potential of plants as biological factories, this review provides an updated perspective on plant-derived biologics (PDB). A key focus is placed on the advancements in plant-based expression systems and highlighting cutting-edge technologies that streamline the production of complex protein-based biologics. The versatility of plant-derived biologics across diverse fields, such as human and animal health, industry, and agriculture, is emphasized. This review also meticulously examines regulatory considerations specific to plant-derived biologics, shedding light on the disparities faced compared to biologics produced in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Zahmanova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.T.)
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Katerina Takova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.T.)
| | - George Minkov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (K.T.)
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK;
| | - Ivan Minkov
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, 4108 Markovo, Bulgaria
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Al-Hawary SIS, Saleh EAM, Mamajanov NA, S Gilmanova N, Alsaab HO, Alghamdi A, Ansari SA, Alawady AHR, Alsaalamy AH, Ibrahim AJ. Breast cancer vaccines; A comprehensive and updated review. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154735. [PMID: 37611432 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, breast cancer is more common than lung cancer globally. By 2040, mortality from breast cancer will rise by 50% and 40%, respectively. Despite advances in chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and HER2-targeted therapy, breast cancer metastases and recurrences remain challenging to treat. Cancer vaccines are an effective treatment option because they stimulate a long-lasting immune response that will eliminate tumor cells. In studies on the breast cancer vaccine, no appreciable advantages were discovered. A recent study claims that immune checkpoint inhibitors or anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies may be used in vaccinations. This vaccination strengthens the immune system to fight off breast cancer cells. Clinical trials have been conducted on DNA, dendritic cells, and peptide-based breast cancer vaccines. Studies on the breast cancer vaccine have employed subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intradermal injections. Clinical studies have shown that these efforts have not been successful. Several factors might have slowed the development of a breast cancer vaccine. The complexity of the immune system makes it challenging to create cancer vaccines. Given the heterogeneity of breast cancer, there may be a need for different vaccination strategies. Despite these obstacles, research into breast cancer vaccines continues. Effective methods for creating vaccines include immune checkpoint inhibition and anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies. Research is also being done on specialized tumor vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Arts and Science, Wadi Al-Dawasir 11991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nodirjon Akhmetovich Mamajanov
- Teaching Assistant, MD, Department of Public Health, Healthcare Management and Physical Culture, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Research scholar, Department of Scientific Affairs, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Nataliya S Gilmanova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alghamdi
- Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hussien Radie Alawady
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Hashiem Alsaalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
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3
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Najam A, Ahmad S, Abid R, Ali H, Husnain M, Aziz T, Adeel SS, Muhammad N, Ghazanfar S. Immune-adjuvant effect of vitamin A and probiotics supplementation on humoral response to cell culture rabies vaccine in rabbits. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:232. [PMID: 37323857 PMCID: PMC10258788 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin A (Vit A) and probiotic co-supplementation with rabies vaccine on humoral immune response in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits. For this experiment, 54 rabbits were randomized into six experimental and three control groups. Mixed cultures of commercial probiotics supplements and a dose of Vit A were administered to each animal. Results were compared with the control group fed with only basal diet. Animals in different treatment groups showed significantly higher sero-conversions against rabies vaccine. There was a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the titers of rabies antibodies in all treatment groups on 14th and 35th days than control C3 group. Both commercial probiotics irrespective of brand increase the humoral immune response of rabbits against rabies vaccine. The mean titer values of all groups G1-G6 and sub-controls (C1, C2) were generally above 3.6 EU/ml on day 14th and between 3.7 and 3.9 EU/ml, showing highest sero-conversion on 35th day than mean titer of C3 control = 3.091 and 3.505 EU/ml respectively on both days. The maximum titer values were obtained with the addition of organic carrots to the daily diet. These results suggest that simple dietary interventions using probiotics and Vit A in natural form may enhance the efficacy of rabies vaccine in the host. These cost-effective strategies can be applied for getting higher yields of polyclonal antibody production in animal models, thus providing promising means of improving the final product yield and can be adopted easily by the manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Najam
- Biological Production Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44100 Pakistan
| | - Safia Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44100 Pakistan
| | - Rameesha Abid
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44100 Pakistan
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500 Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Biological Production Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Husnain
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44100 Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Department of Zoology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44100 Pakistan
| | - Syeda Shazia Adeel
- Biological Production Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeil Muhammad
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500 Pakistan
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4
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Jiji MG, Ninan MA, Thomas VP, Thomas BT. Edible microalgae: potential candidate for developing edible vaccines. VEGETOS (BAREILLY, INDIA) 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37359124 PMCID: PMC10136395 DOI: 10.1007/s42535-023-00636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are always a threat to all living beings. Today, in this world pathogens have no difficulty reaching anywhere. Every year new and deadly diseases are born and most of them are caused by viruses. Vaccines can provide lifelong immunity against infectious diseases, but the production cost of vaccines is unaffordable for a layman and traditional vaccines have certain limitations with storage and delivery. However, edible vaccines have shifted this paradigm and have received acceptance all over the world, especially in developing countries. Microalgae are one of the potential candidates for developing edible vaccines. Modifying microalgae as edible vaccines are gaining worldwide attention, especially in the world of science. Microalgae can augment the immune system as they are a promising source for antigen carriers and many of them are regarded as safe to eat. Moreover, they are a pantry of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and other secondary metabolites like alkaloids, phenols, and terpenes. In addition, being resistant to animal pathogens they are less sophisticated for genetic modification. This review analyses the potential scope of microalgae as an edible vaccine source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin Grace Jiji
- Phycotechnology laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Catholicate college, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645 India
| | - Merin Ann Ninan
- Phycotechnology laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Catholicate college, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645 India
| | - V. P. Thomas
- Phycotechnology laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Catholicate college, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645 India
| | - Binoy T. Thomas
- Phycotechnology laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Catholicate college, Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645 India
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5
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Narayanan Z, Glick BR. Biotechnologically Engineered Plants. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040601. [PMID: 37106801 PMCID: PMC10135915 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of recombinant DNA technology during the past thirty years has enabled scientists to isolate, characterize, and manipulate a myriad of different animal, bacterial, and plant genes. This has, in turn, led to the commercialization of hundreds of useful products that have significantly improved human health and well-being. Commercially, these products have been mostly produced in bacterial, fungal, or animal cells grown in culture. More recently, scientists have begun to develop a wide range of transgenic plants that produce numerous useful compounds. The perceived advantage of producing foreign compounds in plants is that compared to other methods of producing these compounds, plants seemingly provide a much less expensive means of production. A few plant-produced compounds are already commercially available; however, many more are in the production pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zareen Narayanan
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of STEM, University of Washington, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
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6
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Spatola Rossi T, Kriechbaumer V. An Interplay between Mitochondrial and ER Targeting of a Bacterial Signal Peptide in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:617. [PMID: 36771701 PMCID: PMC9920398 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein targeting is essential in eukaryotic cells to maintain cell function and organelle identity. Signal peptides are a major type of targeting sequences containing a tripartite structure, which is conserved across all domains in life. They are frequently included in recombinant protein design in plants to increase yields by directing them to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or apoplast. The processing of bacterial signal peptides by plant cells is not well understood but could aid in the design of efficient heterologous expression systems. Here we analysed the signal peptide of the enzyme PmoB from methanotrophic bacteria. In plant cells, the PmoB signal peptide targeted proteins to both mitochondria and the ER. This dual localisation was still observed in a mutated version of the signal peptide sequence with enhanced mitochondrial targeting efficiency. Mitochondrial targeting was shown to be dependent on a hydrophobic region involved in transport to the ER. We, therefore, suggest that the dual localisation could be due to an ER-SURF pathway recently characterised in yeast. This work thus sheds light on the processing of bacterial signal peptides by plant cells and proposes a novel pathway for mitochondrial targeting in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Spatola Rossi
- Endomembrane Structure and Function Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Oxford Brookes Centre for Bioimaging, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Endomembrane Structure and Function Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Oxford Brookes Centre for Bioimaging, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
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7
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The Plant Viruses and Molecular Farming: How Beneficial They Might Be for Human and Animal Health? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021533. [PMID: 36675043 PMCID: PMC9863966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses have traditionally been studied as pathogens in the context of understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of a particular disease affecting crops. In recent years, viruses have emerged as a new alternative for producing biological nanomaterials and chimeric vaccines. Plant viruses were also used to generate highly efficient expression vectors, revolutionizing plant molecular farming (PMF). Several biological products, including recombinant vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, diagnostic reagents, and other pharmaceutical products produced in plants, have passed their clinical trials and are in their market implementation stage. PMF offers opportunities for fast, adaptive, and low-cost technology to meet ever-growing and critical global health needs. In this review, we summarized the advancements in the virus-like particles-based (VLPs-based) nanotechnologies and the role they played in the production of advanced vaccines, drugs, diagnostic bio-nanomaterials, and other bioactive cargos. We also highlighted various applications and advantages plant-produced vaccines have and their relevance for treating human and animal illnesses. Furthermore, we summarized the plant-based biologics that have passed through clinical trials, the unique challenges they faced, and the challenges they will face to qualify, become available, and succeed on the market.
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8
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Yadav AK, Varikuti SR, Kumar A, Kumar M, Debanth N, Rajkumar H. Expression of heterologous heparan sulphate binding protein of Helicobacter pylori on the surface of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:19. [PMID: 36568501 PMCID: PMC9768065 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of most commonly found pathogen in the stomach. In spite of emergence of different treatment strategies, H. pylori infection remains difficult to treat. The bioengineered probiotic lactobacilli that could displace H. pylori and simultaneously present immunogenic peptides such as heparan sulphate binding protein (Hsbp) to elicit immune response could emerge as a potential therapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to discover the anti-H. pylori activities and faster exclusion of H. pylori from host cells by the recombinant strain of Lactobacillus expressing the immunogenic Hsbp protein. The results were promising and showed a 65% reduction in H. pylori adhesion after two hours of pre-incubation with recombinant-LGG and HeLa S3 cells, followed by the adhesion of H. pylori pathogen (P < 0.002). Additionally, 36% and 39% reduction were examined in co-incubation and post-incubation with recombinant-LGG, respectively. When challenged with H. pylori, the proinflammatory cytokine expression was also down regulated in recombinant-LGG treated HeLa S3 cells. This promising result provides a new insight of bioengineered probiotic lactobacilli which could displace H. pylori and simultaneously has immunogenic properties thereby may be useful to prevent H. pylori infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03428-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Distt., Samba, 181143 Jammu and Kashmir India
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007 Telangana India
| | - Sudarshan Reddy Varikuti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007 Telangana India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Jant-Pali, 123031 Haryana India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Nabendu Debanth
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Distt., Samba, 181143 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Hemalatha Rajkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007 Telangana India
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Charlier J, Barkema HW, Becher P, De Benedictis P, Hansson I, Hennig-Pauka I, La Ragione R, Larsen LE, Madoroba E, Maes D, Marín CM, Mutinelli F, Nisbet AJ, Podgórska K, Vercruysse J, Vitale F, Williams DJL, Zadoks RN. Disease control tools to secure animal and public health in a densely populated world. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e812-e824. [PMID: 36208644 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Animal health is a prerequisite for global health, economic development, food security, food quality, and poverty reduction, while mitigating against climate change and biodiversity loss. We did a qualitative review of 53 infectious diseases in terrestrial animals with data from DISCONTOOLS, a specialist database and prioritisation model focusing on research gaps for improving infectious disease control in animals. Many diseases do not have any appropriate control tools, but the prioritisation model suggests that we should focus international efforts on Nipah virus infection, African swine fever, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, peste des petits ruminants, sheeppox and goatpox, avian influenza, Rift Valley fever, foot and mouth disease, and bovine tuberculosis, for the greatest impact on the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Easy to use and accurate diagnostics are available for many animal diseases. However, there is an urgent need for the development of stable and durable diagnostics that can differentiate infected animals from vaccinated animals, to exploit rapid technological advances, and to make diagnostics widely available and affordable. Veterinary vaccines are important for dealing with endemic, new, and emerging diseases. However, fundamental research is needed to improve the convenience of use and duration of immunity, and to establish performant marker vaccines. The largest gap in animal pharmaceuticals is the threat of pathogens developing resistance to available drugs, in particular for bacterial and parasitic (protozoal, helminth, and arthropod) pathogens. We propose and discuss five research priorities for animal health that will help to deliver a sustainable and healthy planet: vaccinology, antimicrobial resistance, climate mitigation and adaptation, digital health, and epidemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Charlier
- DISCONTOOLS, AnimalhealthEurope, Brussels, Belgium; Kreavet, Kruibeke, Belgium.
| | - Herman W Barkema
- One Health at UCalgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Becher
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ingrid Hansson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology in Bakum, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Lars E Larsen
- Institute for Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Evelyn Madoroba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Empangeni, South Africa
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clara M Marín
- Department of Animal Science, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragón (CITA) and AgriFood Institute of Aragón-IA2 (CITA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Franco Mutinelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Vaccines and Diagnostics Department, Moredun Research Institute, Mithlothian, Scotland
| | - Katarzyna Podgórska
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jozef Vercruysse
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabrizio Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana J L Williams
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Yokoyama A, Oiwa S, Matsui T, Sawada K, Tasaka Y, Matsumura T. Energy-efficient production of vaccine protein against porcine edema disease from transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Sci Rep 2022; 12:15951. [PMID: 36153428 PMCID: PMC9509315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of functional protein production systems using transgenic plants as hosts has been rapidly progressing in recent years. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has been studied as one such host, and it has been reported that the biomass of lettuce per area and target protein expression level can be increased by optimizing the cultivation conditions. Therefore, we investigated methods to minimize the input light energy per target protein to reduce production costs. Herein, we examined the yield of a nontoxic B subunit of Stx2e (Stx2eB) from transgenic lettuce under various cultivation conditions. Stx2eB acts as a vaccine against swine edema disease. The effects of photon flux densities (PPFDs), photoperiod, and light source on Stx2eB production were examined and the findings suggested that 400 μmol m-2 s-1, 24 h, and white LED lamps, respectively, contributed to energy-efficient Stx2eB production. In addition, Stx2eB was produced 1.4 times more efficiently per unit area time using a high plant density (228.5 plants m-2) than a common density (30.4 plants m-2). The findings of the present study can facilitate the development of energy-efficient and low-cost production processes for vaccine protein production, considering temporal and spatial perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Yokoyama
- Innovation Strategy and Carbon Neutral Transformation Department, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., 1-2-1, Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Seika Oiwa
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., 1280 Kamiizumi, Sodegaura-Shi, Chiba, 299-0293, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsui
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., 1280 Kamiizumi, Sodegaura-Shi, Chiba, 299-0293, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Sawada
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., 1280 Kamiizumi, Sodegaura-Shi, Chiba, 299-0293, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tasaka
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8517, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsumura
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8517, Japan
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11
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Park SH, Ji KY, Park SY, Kim HM, Ma SH, Do JH, Kang H, Kang HS, Oh DB, Shim JS, Joung YH. Immunotherapeutic effects of recombinant colorectal cancer antigen produced in tomato fruits. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9723. [PMID: 35697846 PMCID: PMC9192744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of pharmacological vaccines in plants has been an important goal in the field of plant biotechnology. GA733-2, the protein that is also known as colorectal carcinoma (CRC)-associated antigen, is a strong candidate to produce a colorectal cancer vaccine. Tomato is the one of the major targets for production of an edible vaccine, as tomato is a fruit consumed in fresh form. It also contains high content of vitamins that aid activation of immune response. In order to develop an edible colorectal cancer vaccine, the transgene rGA733-Fc that encodes a fusion protein of GA733-2, the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain, and the ER retention motif (rGA733-Fc) was introduced into tomato plants (Solanumlycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom). The transgenic plants producing rGA733-Fc (rGA733-FcOX) protein were screened based on stable integration of transgene expression cassette and expression level of rGA733-Fc protein. Further glycosylation pattern analysis revealed that plant derived rGA733-Fc protein contains an oligomannose glycan structure, which is a typical glycosylation pattern found on ER-processing proteins. The red fruits of rGA733-FcOX transgenic tomato plants containing approximately 270 ng/g FW of rGA733-Fc protein were orally administered to C57BL/6 mice. Oral administration of tomato fruits of the rGA733-Fc expressing transgenic plants delayed colorectal cancer growth and stimulated immune responses compared to oral administration of tomato fruits of the h-Fc expressing transgenic plants in the C57BL/6J mice. This is the first study showing the possibility of producing an edible colorectal cancer vaccine using tomato plants. This research would be helpful for development of plant-derived cancer edible vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, Korea
| | - Seo Young Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ma
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Ju Hui Do
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Hyuno Kang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Doo-Byoung Oh
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Young Hee Joung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
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12
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Khalid F, Tahir R, Ellahi M, Amir N, Rizvi SFA, Hasnain A. Emerging trends of edible vaccine therapy for combating human diseases especially
COVID
‐19: Pros, cons, and future challenges. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2746-2766. [PMID: 35499291 PMCID: PMC9347755 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The researchers are still doing efforts to develop an effective, reliable, and easily accessible vaccine candidate to protect against COVID‐19. As of the August 2020, nearly 30 conventional vaccines have been emerged in clinical trials, and more than 200 vaccines are in various development stages. Nowadays, plants are also considered as a potential source for the production of monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, drugs, immunomodulatory proteins, as well as used as bioreactors or factories for their bulk production. The scientific evidences enlighten that plants are the rich source of oral vaccines, which can be given either by eating the edible parts of plants and/or by oral administration of highly refined proteins. The use of plant‐based edible vaccines is an emerging trend as it possesses minimum or no side effects compared with synthetic vaccines. This review article gives insights into different types of vaccines, the use of edible vaccines, advantages of edible vaccines over conventional vaccines, and mechanism of action of edible vaccines. This review article also focuses on the applications of edible vaccines in wide‐range of human diseases especially against COVID‐19 with emphasis on future perspectives of the use of edible vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khalid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Reema Tahir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Manahil Ellahi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Nilofer Amir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Syed Faheem Askari Rizvi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouP.R. China
| | - Ammarah Hasnain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyThe University of LahoreLahorePakistan
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13
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Garduño-González KA, Peña-Benavides SA, Araújo RG, Castillo-Zacarías C, Melchor-Martínez EM, Oyervides-Muñoz MA, Sosa-Hernández JE, Purton S, Iqbal HM, Parra-Saldívar R. Current challenges for modern vaccines and perspectives for novel treatment alternatives. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Biotechnological Perspectives to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Precise Diagnostics and Inevitable Vaccine Paradigms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071182. [PMID: 35406746 PMCID: PMC8997755 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause for the ongoing global public health emergency. It is more commonly known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); the pandemic threat continues to spread aroundthe world with the fluctuating emergence of its new variants. The severity of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to serious acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has led to a high human mortality rate and disruption of socioeconomic well-being. For the restoration of pre-pandemic normalcy, the international scientific community has been conducting research on a war footing to limit extremely pathogenic COVID-19 through diagnosis, treatment, and immunization. Since the first report of COVID-19 viral infection, an array of laboratory-based and point-of-care (POC) approaches have emerged for diagnosing and understanding its status of outbreak. The RT-PCR-based viral nucleic acid test (NAT) is one of the rapidly developed and most used COVID-19 detection approaches. Notably, the current forbidding status of COVID-19 requires the development of safe, targeted vaccines/vaccine injections (shots) that can reduce its associated morbidity and mortality. Massive and accelerated vaccination campaigns would be the most effective and ultimate hope to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak, emerging biotechnologies and their multidisciplinary approaches have accelerated the understanding of molecular details as well as the development of a wide range of diagnostics and potential vaccine candidates, which are indispensable to combating the highly contagious COVID-19. Several vaccine candidates have completed phase III clinical studies and are reported to be effective in immunizing against COVID-19 after their rollout via emergency use authorization (EUA). However, optimizing the type of vaccine candidates and its route of delivery that works best to control viral spread is crucial to face the threatening variants expected to emerge over time. In conclusion, the insights of this review would facilitate the development of more likely diagnostics and ideal vaccines for the global control of COVID-19.
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15
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Kumar R, Srivastava V, Baindara P, Ahmad A. Thermostable vaccines: an innovative concept in vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:811-824. [PMID: 35285366 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2053678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccines represent one of the most common and safer ways of combating infectious diseases. Loss of potency owing to thermal denaturation or degradation of almost all the commercially available vaccines necessitates their storage, transportation, and final dissemination under refrigerated or deep-freeze conditions. However, maintenance of a continuous cold chain at every step raises the cost of vaccines significantly. A large number of life-saving vaccines are discarded before their application owing to exposure to sub-optimum temperatures. Therefore, there is a pressing need for the development of a thermostable vaccine with a long shelf life at ambient temperature. AREAS COVERED A literature search was performed to compile a list of different vaccines, along with their storage and handling conditions. Similarly, a separate list was prepared for different coronavirus vaccines which are in use against coronavirus disease 2019. A literature survey was also performed to look at different approaches undertaken globally to address the issue of the cold-chain problem. We emphasised the importance of yeast cells in the development of thermostable vaccines. In the end, we discussed why thermostable vaccines are required, not only in resource-poor settings in Asian and African countries but also for resource-rich settings in Europe and North America. EXPERT OPINION : Temperature change can severely impact the stability of various life-saving vaccines. Therefore, there is a pressing need for the development of thermostable vaccines with a long shelf life at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, California, USA
| | - Vartika Srivastava
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Wits Medical School, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Piyush Baindara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia 65201, Missouri, USA
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Wits Medical School, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.,Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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16
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Debnath N, Thakur M, Khushboo, Negi NP, Gautam V, Kumar Yadav A, Kumar D. Insight of oral vaccines as an alternative approach to health and disease management: An innovative intuition and challenges. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:327-346. [PMID: 34755343 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most suitable and persuasive healthcare program for the prohibition of various deadly diseases. However, the higher production cost and purification strategies are out of reach for the developing nations. In this scenario, development of edible vaccine turns out to be the most promising alternative for remodeling the pharmaceutical industry with reduced production and purification costs. Generally, oral route of vaccination is mostly preferred due to its safety, compliance, low manufacturing cost and most importantly the ability to induce immunity in both systemic and mucosal sites. Genetically modified microorganisms and plants could efficiently be used as vehicles for edible vaccines. Edible vaccines are supposed to reduce the risk associated with traditional vaccines. Currently, oral vaccines are available in the market for several viral and bacterial diseases like cholera, hepatitis B, malaria, rabies etc. Herein, the review focuses on the breakthrough events in the area of edible vaccines associated with dietary microbes and plants for better control over diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Mony Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Khushboo
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam P Negi
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Keikha R, Hashemi-Shahri SM, Jebali A. The evaluation of novel oral vaccines based on self-amplifying RNA lipid nanparticles (saRNA LNPs), saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum LNPs, and saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants alpha and delta. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21308. [PMID: 34716391 PMCID: PMC8556360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to present and evaluate novel oral vaccines, based on self-amplifying RNA lipid nanparticles (saRNA LNPs), saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum LNPs, and saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum, to neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) variants alpha and delta. After invitro evaluation of the oral vaccines on HEK293T/17 cells, we found that saRNA LNPs, saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum LNPs, and saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum could express S-protein at both mRNA and protein levels. In the next step, BALB/c mice were orally vaccinated with saRNA LNPs, saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum LNPs, and saRNA transfected Lactobacillus plantarum at weeks 1 and 3. Importantly, a high titer of IgG and IgA was observed by all of them, sharply in week 6 (P < 0.05). In all study groups, their ratio of IgG2a/IgG1 was upper 1, indicating Th1-biased responses. Wild-type viral neutralization assay showed that the secreted antibodies in vaccinated mice and recovered COVID-19 patients could neutralize SARS-COV-2 variants alpha and delta. After oral administration of oral vaccines, biodistribution assay was done. It was found that all of them had the same biodistribution pattern. The highest concentration of S-protein was seen in the small intestine, followed by the large intestine and liver.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Adult
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- COVID-19/blood
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/virology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- COVID-19 Vaccines/pharmacokinetics
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Lactobacillus plantarum/genetics
- Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolism
- Lipids/chemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Middle Aged
- Models, Animal
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Neutralization Tests
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
- Transfection/methods
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- mRNA Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Keikha
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali Jebali
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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