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Soru S, Berlino M, Sarà G, Mangano MC, De Vittor C, Pusceddu A. Effects of acidification on the biogeochemistry of unvegetated and seagrass marine sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115983. [PMID: 38277962 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Many studies addressed ocean acidification (OA) effects on marine life, whereas its effects on sedimentary organic matter (OM) have received less attention. We investigated differences in OM features in sediments from unvegetated and seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) beds in a shallow hydrothermal area (Aeolian Archipelago, Mediterranean Sea), under natural (8.1-8.0) and acidified (7.8-7.9) conditions. We show that a pH difference of -0.3 units have minor effects on OM features in unvegetated sediments, but relevant consequences within acidified seagrass meadows, where OM quantity and nutritional quality are lower than those under natural pH conditions. Effects of acidified conditions on OM biogeochemistry vary between unvegetated and seagrass sediments, with lower C degradation rates and longer C turnover time in the former than in the latter. We conclude that OA, although with effects not consistent between unvegetated and vegetated sediments, can affect OM quantity, composition, and degradation, thus having possible far-reaching consequences for benthic trophic webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santina Soru
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Manuel Berlino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Mangano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90149 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Cinzia De Vittor
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, 34010 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Antonio Pusceddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy.
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Schalli M, Platzer S, Schmutz R, Ofner-Kopeinig P, Reinthaler FF, Haas D. Dissolved Carbon Dioxide: The Lifespan of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis in Bottled Carbonated Mineral Water. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030432. [PMID: 36979124 PMCID: PMC10045048 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
During the process of mineral water production, many possible contamination settings can influence the quality of bottled water. Microbial contamination can originate from different sources, for example, the ambient air, the bottles, the caps, and from the bottling machine itself. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three different carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (3.0 g/L, 5.5 g/L, and 7.0 g/L; 20 bottles each) in bottled mineral water on the bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Enterococcus faecalis (Ent. faecalis). The examined mineral water was artificially contaminated before capping the bottles inside the factory. After a specific number of days, water samples were taken from freshly opened bottles and after filtration (100 mL), filters were placed on Columbia Agar with 5% Sheep blood to cultivate S. aureus and Slanetz and Bartley Agar to cultivate Ent. faecalis. The respective colony-forming units (CFU) were counted after incubation times ranging from 24 to 120 h. Colony-forming units of S. aureus were not detectable after the 16th and 27th day, whereas Ent. faecalis was not cultivable after the 5th and 13th day when stored inside the bottles. The investigation of the bottles that were stored open for a certain amount of time with CO2 bubbling out showed only single colonies for S. aureus after the 5th day and no CFUs for Ent. faecalis after the 17th day. A reduction in the two investigated bacterial strains during storage in carbonated mineral water bottles means that a proper standardized disinfection and cleaning procedure, according to valid hygiene standards of industrial bottling machines, cannot be replaced by carbonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schalli
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-73610
| | - Sabine Platzer
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rainer Schmutz
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Ofner-Kopeinig
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz F. Reinthaler
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Doris Haas
- Applied Hygiene and Aerobiology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Yu T, Chen Y. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide on environmental microbes and its mechanisms: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:865-879. [PMID: 30481713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Before the industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO2 concentration was 180-330 ppm; however, fossil-fuel combustion and forest destruction have led to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. CO2 capture and storage is regarded as a promising strategy to prevent global warming and ocean acidification and to alleviate elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, but the leakage of CO2 from storage system can lead to rapid acidification of the surrounding circumstance, which might cause negative influence on environmental microbes. The effects of elevated CO2 on microbes have been reported extensively, but the review regarding CO2 affecting different environmental microorganisms has never been done previously. Also, the mechanisms of CO2 affecting environmental microorganisms are usually contributed to the change of pH values, while the direct influences of CO2 on microorganisms were often neglected. This paper aimed to provide a systematic review of elevated CO2 affecting environmental microbes and its mechanisms. Firstly, the influences of elevated CO2 and potential leakage of CO2 from storage sites on community structures and diversity of different surrounding environmental microbes were assessed and compared. Secondly, the adverse impacts of CO2 on microbial growth, cell morphology and membranes, bacterial spores, and microbial metabolism were introduced. Then, based on biochemical principles and knowledge of microbiology and molecular biology, the fundamental mechanisms of the influences of carbon dioxide on environmental microbes were discussed from the aspects of enzyme activity, electron generation and transfer, and key gene and protein expressions. Finally, key questions relevant to the environmental effect of CO2 that need to be answered in the future were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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4
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Menu-Courey K, Noisette F, Piedalue S, Daoud D, Blair T, Blier PU, Azetsu-Scott K, Calosi P. Energy metabolism and survival of the juvenile recruits of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) exposed to a gradient of elevated seawater pCO 2. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 143:111-123. [PMID: 30477878 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The transition from the last pelagic larval stage to the first benthic juvenile stage in the complex life cycle of marine invertebrates, such as the American lobster Homarus americanus, a species of high economic importance, represents a delicate phase in these species development. Under future elevated pCO2 conditions, ocean acidification and other elevated pCO2 events can negatively affect crustaceans. This said their effects on the benthic settlement phase are virtually unknown. This study aimed to identify the effects of elevated seawater pCO2 on stage V American lobsters exposed to seven pCO2 levels. The survival, development time, metabolic and feeding rates, carapace composition, and energy metabolism enzyme function were investigated. Results suggested an increase in mortality, slower development and an increase in aerobic capacity with increasing pCO2. Our study points to potential reduction in juvenile recruitment success as seawater pCO2 increases, thus foreshadowing important socio-economic repercussions for the lobster fisheries and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Menu-Courey
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Fanny Noisette
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada; Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Sarah Piedalue
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Dounia Daoud
- Homarus Inc, 408 Rue Main, Shediac, NB, E4P 2G1, Canada; EcoNov Inc, 540 Ch. Gorge Road, Moncton, NB, E1G 3H8, Canada
| | - Tammy Blair
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Saint Andrews Biological Station, 125 Marine Science Dr, Saint Andrews, NB, E5B 0E4, Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, PO Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Kumiko Azetsu-Scott
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, PO Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Piero Calosi
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada.
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Molari M, Guilini K, Lott C, Weber M, de Beer D, Meyer S, Ramette A, Wegener G, Wenzhöfer F, Martin D, Cibic T, De Vittor C, Vanreusel A, Boetius A. CO 2 leakage alters biogeochemical and ecological functions of submarine sands. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao2040. [PMID: 29441359 PMCID: PMC5810613 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Subseabed CO2 storage is considered a future climate change mitigation technology. We investigated the ecological consequences of CO2 leakage for a marine benthic ecosystem. For the first time with a multidisciplinary integrated study, we tested hypotheses derived from a meta-analysis of previous experimental and in situ high-CO2 impact studies. For this, we compared ecological functions of naturally CO2-vented seafloor off the Mediterranean island Panarea (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) to those of nonvented sands, with a focus on biogeochemical processes and microbial and faunal community composition. High CO2 fluxes (up to 4 to 7 mol CO2 m-2 hour-1) dissolved all sedimentary carbonate, and comigration of silicate and iron led to local increases of microphytobenthos productivity (+450%) and standing stocks (+300%). Despite the higher food availability, faunal biomass (-80%) and trophic diversity were substantially lower compared to those at the reference site. Bacterial communities were also structurally and functionally affected, most notably in the composition of heterotrophs and microbial sulfate reduction rates (-90%). The observed ecological effects of CO2 leakage on submarine sands were reproduced with medium-term transplant experiments. This study assesses indicators of environmental impact by CO2 leakage and finds that community compositions and important ecological functions are permanently altered under high CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Molari
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Katja Guilini
- Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Lott
- HYDRA Institute for Marine Sciences, Elba Field Station, Via del Forno 80, 57034 Campo nell’Elba (LI), Italy
| | - Miriam Weber
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- HYDRA Institute for Marine Sciences, Elba Field Station, Via del Forno 80, 57034 Campo nell’Elba (LI), Italy
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Microsensor Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Meyer
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Alban Ramette
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Gunter Wegener
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Frank Wenzhöfer
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- HGF-MPG Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Daniel Martin
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Blanes, Girona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Tamara Cibic
- Sezione di Oceanografia, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale–OGS, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cinzia De Vittor
- Sezione di Oceanografia, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale–OGS, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ann Vanreusel
- Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antje Boetius
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- HGF-MPG Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Danovaro R, Corinaldesi C, Dell'Anno A, Rastelli E. Potential impact of global climate change on benthic deep-sea microbes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 364:4553516. [PMID: 29045616 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic deep-sea environments are the largest ecosystem on Earth, covering ∼65% of the Earth surface. Microbes inhabiting this huge biome at all water depths represent the most abundant biological components and a relevant portion of the biomass of the biosphere, and play a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles. Increasing evidence suggests that global climate changes are affecting also deep-sea ecosystems, both directly (causing shifts in bottom-water temperature, oxygen concentration and pH) and indirectly (through changes in surface oceans' productivity and in the consequent export of organic matter to the seafloor). However, the responses of the benthic deep-sea biota to such shifts remain largely unknown. This applies particularly to deep-sea microbes, which include bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes and their viruses. Understanding the potential impacts of global change on the benthic deep-sea microbial assemblages and the consequences on the functioning of the ocean interior is a priority to better forecast the potential consequences at global scale. Here we explore the potential changes in the benthic deep-sea microbiology expected in the coming decades using case studies on specific systems used as test models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Sciences and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urbanistics, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Dell'Anno
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Eugenio Rastelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
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