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Ndione M, Ory P, Agion T, Treilles M, Vacher L, Simon-Bouhet B, Le Beguec M, Pineau P, Montanié H, Agogué H. Temporal variations in fecal indicator bacteria in bathing water and sediment in a coastal ecosystem (Aytré Bay, Charente-Maritime, France). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113360. [PMID: 35134737 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the fecal contamination dynamic at the two bathing sites of Aytré Bay (Charente Maritime, France). We quantified fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) abundances (Escherichia coli and enterococci) from water and sediment samples over one-year survey. Then we measured biological (bacterial abundance, chlorophyll-a), physico-chemical (dissolved nutrients and oxygen, salinity, pH …) and climatic (temperatures, rainfall and tidal coefficient) parameters. Results showed that FIB abundances were occasionally higher than the European regulatory threshold during winter, summer and fall. The "poor quality" of the bathing water was due to high enterococci abundance. We found negative significant correlations between FIB and water temperature and salinity, and positive significant correlations between FIB and rainfall, PO4, NO3, NO2, and SiO2 mainly in water. Relationships between parameters showed that during summer and spring the main environmental drivers were temperature and salinity, while in fall and winter they were rainfall and dissolved nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méry Ndione
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Pascaline Ory
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Tony Agion
- QUALYSE, Laboratoire d'analyses, La Rochelle, France
| | | | - Luc Vacher
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Benoit Simon-Bouhet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Chizé, France
| | - Maëlig Le Beguec
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Philippe Pineau
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Hélène Montanié
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Hélène Agogué
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France.
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Méndez J, García-Aljaro C, Muniesa M, Pascual-Benito M, Ballesté E, López P, Monleón A, Blanch AR, Lucena F. Modeling human pollution in water bodies using somatic coliphages and bacteriophages that infect Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain GA17. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113802. [PMID: 34638039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to detect human fecal pollution in water is of great importance when assessing the associated health risks. Many microbial source tracking (MST) markers have been proposed to determine the origin of fecal pollution, but their application remains challenging. A range of factors, not yet sufficiently analyzed, may affect MST markers in the environment, such as dilution and inactivation processes. In this work, a statistical framework based on Monte Carlo simulations and non-linear regression was used to develop a classification procedure for use in MST studies. The predictive model tested uses only two parameters: somatic coliphages (SOMCPH), as an index of general fecal pollution, and human host-specific bacteriophages that infect Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain GA17 (GA17PH). Taking into account bacteriophage dilution and differential inactivation, the threshold concentration of SOMCPH was calculated to be around 500 PFU/100 mL for a limit of detection of 10 PFU/100 mL. However, this threshold can be lowered by increasing the analyzed volume sample, which in turn lowers the limit of detection. The resulting model is sufficiently accurate for application in practical cases involving MST and could be easily used with markers other than those tested here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Méndez
- Section of Microbiology. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; BIOST3 Group. Section of Statistics. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina García-Aljaro
- Section of Microbiology. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maite Muniesa
- Section of Microbiology. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Pascual-Benito
- Section of Microbiology. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elisenda Ballesté
- Section of Microbiology. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pere López
- Section of Statistics. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; BIOST3 Group. Section of Statistics. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Monleón
- Section of Statistics. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; BIOST3 Group. Section of Statistics. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anicet R Blanch
- Section of Microbiology. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francisco Lucena
- Section of Microbiology. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; BIOST3 Group. Section of Statistics. Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Vincent-Hubert F, Wacrenier C, Morga B, Lozach S, Quenot E, Mège M, Lecadet C, Gourmelon M, Hervio-Heath D, Le Guyader FS. Passive Samplers, a Powerful Tool to Detect Viruses and Bacteria in Marine Coastal Areas. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631174. [PMID: 33708186 PMCID: PMC7940377 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of viruses and bacteria which can pose a threat either to shellfish health or shellfish consumers remains difficult. The current detection methods rely on point sampling of water, a method that gives a snapshot of the microorganisms present at the time of sampling. In order to obtain better representativeness of the presence of these microorganisms over time, we have developed passive sampling using the adsorption capacities of polymer membranes. Our objectives here were to assess the feasibility of this methodology for field detection. Different types of membrane were deployed in coastal waters over 2 years and the microorganisms tested using qPCR were: human norovirus (NoV) genogroups (G)I and II, sapovirus, Vibrio spp. and the species Vibrio alginolyticus, V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus, OsHV-1 virus, and bacterial markers of fecal contamination. NoV GII, Vibrio spp., and the AllBac general Bacteroidales marker were quantified on the three types of membrane. NoV GII and OsHV-1 viruses followed a seasonal distribution. All membranes were favorable for NoV GII detection, while Zetapor was more adapted for OsHV-1 detection. Nylon was more adapted for detection of Vibrio spp. and the AllBac marker. The quantities of NoV GII, AllBac, and Vibrio spp. recovered on membranes increased with the duration of exposure. This first application of passive sampling in seawater is particularly promising in terms of an early warning system for the prevention of contamination in oyster farming areas and to improve our knowledge on the timing and frequency of disease occurence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin Morga
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques, LGPMM/SG2M, La Tremblade, France
| | - Solen Lozach
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, LSEM/SG2M, Nantes, France
| | | | - Mickaël Mège
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques, LGPMM/SG2M, La Tremblade, France
| | - Cyrielle Lecadet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques, LGPMM/SG2M, La Tremblade, France
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Vincent-Hubert F, Wacrenier C, Morga B, Lozach S, Quenot E, Mège M, Lecadet C, Gourmelon M, Hervio-Heath D, Le Guyader FS. Passive Samplers, a Powerful Tool to Detect Viruses and Bacteria in Marine Coastal Areas. Front Microbiol 2021. [PMID: 33708186 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631174/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of viruses and bacteria which can pose a threat either to shellfish health or shellfish consumers remains difficult. The current detection methods rely on point sampling of water, a method that gives a snapshot of the microorganisms present at the time of sampling. In order to obtain better representativeness of the presence of these microorganisms over time, we have developed passive sampling using the adsorption capacities of polymer membranes. Our objectives here were to assess the feasibility of this methodology for field detection. Different types of membrane were deployed in coastal waters over 2 years and the microorganisms tested using qPCR were: human norovirus (NoV) genogroups (G)I and II, sapovirus, Vibrio spp. and the species Vibrio alginolyticus, V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus, OsHV-1 virus, and bacterial markers of fecal contamination. NoV GII, Vibrio spp., and the AllBac general Bacteroidales marker were quantified on the three types of membrane. NoV GII and OsHV-1 viruses followed a seasonal distribution. All membranes were favorable for NoV GII detection, while Zetapor was more adapted for OsHV-1 detection. Nylon was more adapted for detection of Vibrio spp. and the AllBac marker. The quantities of NoV GII, AllBac, and Vibrio spp. recovered on membranes increased with the duration of exposure. This first application of passive sampling in seawater is particularly promising in terms of an early warning system for the prevention of contamination in oyster farming areas and to improve our knowledge on the timing and frequency of disease occurence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin Morga
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques, LGPMM/SG2M, La Tremblade, France
| | - Solen Lozach
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, LSEM/SG2M, Nantes, France
| | | | - Mickaël Mège
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques, LGPMM/SG2M, La Tremblade, France
| | - Cyrielle Lecadet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques, LGPMM/SG2M, La Tremblade, France
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Jeong SH, Shin SB, Lee JH, Kwon JY, Lee HC, Kim SJ, Ha KS. Level of contamination in the feces of several species at major inland pollution sources in the drainage basin of Yeoja Bay, Republic of Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:170. [PMID: 32034525 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the levels of fecal contamination and the originating species of 12 major inland pollutants in the drainage basin of Yeoja Bay. The presence of the human-specific (HF183), ruminant-specific (BacR and Rum-2-Bac), pig-specific (Pig-Bac-2 and Pig-2-Bac), avian-specific (GFD), and gull-specific (Gull2) markers in water samples (n = 34) from 12 inland pollution sources around Yeoja Bay was analyzed. HF183 was detected in 97% of the water samples, and all major inland pollution sources were contaminated with human feces. BacR and Rum-2-Bac were detected in 94% and 11%, respectively, of the water samples. Pig-2-Bac was not detected in the inland pollution sources, but site L5 might be contaminated with swine feces. Gull2 was not detected, whereas GFD was detected in 26% of the water samples. This study highlights the utility of a MST toolbox approach for characterizing the water quality of inland pollution sources and identifying the feces producing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyeon Jeong
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 397-68, Sanyangilju-ro, Sanyang-eup, Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 53085, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Bum Shin
- South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 22, Sepodangmeori-gil, Hwayang-myeon, Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, 59780, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Lee
- South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 22, Sepodangmeori-gil, Hwayang-myeon, Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, 59780, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kwon
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 397-68, Sanyangilju-ro, Sanyang-eup, Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chung Lee
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 397-68, Sanyangilju-ro, Sanyang-eup, Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jae Kim
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Chonnam National University, 50, Daehak-ro, Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Ha
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 397-68, Sanyangilju-ro, Sanyang-eup, Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 53085, Republic of Korea
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Padovan A, Kennedy K, Rose D, Gibb K. Microbial quality of wild shellfish in a tropical estuary subject to treated effluent discharge. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108921. [PMID: 31757407 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Elevated faecal indicator levels in beaches around Darwin Harbour including near effluent outfalls have led to concerns about the safety of popular, locally harvested aquatic foods. To address these concerns, the impact of treated effluent discharge on the microbial quality of aquatic foods was assessed using culture-based and molecular tools. Seawater, shellfish (mangrove snails Telescopium and Nerita balteata, the local black lip oyster Saccostrea cucullata) and mud crabs (Scylla serrata) were collected from 13 sites close (impacted) and distal (reference) to two effluent discharge locations, in creeks and coastal areas. Sampling occurred over two dry seasons and one wet season. E. coli, typical sewage related pathogens, Salmonella and norovirus, and the molecular faecal marker Bacteroides, as well as naturally occurring marine bacteria, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus were tested in biota. E. coli and faecal coliforms were measured in water in water. The highest concentration of faecal coliforms in water was from the Buffalo Creek discharge site. At sites located in creeks including reference creeks, the highest concentrations of faecal coliforms in water were measured in the wet season compared to the dry season, whereas in coastal sites, no or only few (<10) faecal coliforms were detected. E. coli concentrations in both snail species were significantly higher in the wet season compared to the dry season (P < 0.0001) at both the treated effluent discharge sites and reference sites with some samples exceeding the acceptable Australian and New Zealand Food Standards (ANZFS) level based on E. coli levels in bivalves. E. coli concentrations in all of the S. cucullata samples were either below the detection limit or below the ANZFS limit for E. coli. No E. coli exceedances occurred in cooked mud crabs although low E. coli levels were measured in 3 cooked mud crab samples. Only one shellfish sample (T. telescopium) was positive for Salmonella. Norovirus and Bacteroides were not detected in any of the shellfish samples tested. V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were significantly more prevalent in shellfish samples during the wet season. Twelve virulent strains of V. parahaemolyticus were detected in T. telescopium and two in N. balteata. There was no significant difference in V. parahaemolyticus prevalence between sites. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in cooked S. serrata samples from three sites in the wet season and once in the 2016 dry season. V. vulnificus was detected in both T. telescopium and N. balteata, but not in any of the S. cucullata samples. One cooked crab meat sample from a reference site was positive for V. vulnificus. The prevalence of V. vulnificus was significantly higher at the reference sites compared to the discharge or potential impact sites. The lack of correlation between E. coli and targeted faecal pathogens in biota confirm that traditional faecal markers are not suitable surrogates for faecal pollution, at least not in the tropics. The higher prevalence of E. coli, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in biota during the wet season compared to the dry season irrespective of treated sewage influence suggests that marine snails should not be harvested and consumed from creeks during the wet season. Any future aquaculture involving shellfish should consider these data when developing appropriate shellfish quality assurance protocols and for making decisions on where to situate farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Padovan
- Research Institute of the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0909, Australia.
| | - Karen Kennedy
- Power Water Corporation, Water Services, P.O. Box 37471, Winnellie, Northern Territory, 0821, Australia
| | - Dianne Rose
- Power Water Corporation, Water Services, P.O. Box 37471, Winnellie, Northern Territory, 0821, Australia
| | - Karen Gibb
- Research Institute of the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0909, Australia
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Harrault L, Jardé E, Jeanneau L, Petitjean P. Are fecal stanols suitable to record and identify a pulse of human fecal contamination in short-term exposed shellfish? A microcosm study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 89:40-48. [PMID: 25455370 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the capacity of oysters to bioaccumulate fecal stanols and to record a source-specific fingerprint was investigated by the short-term contamination of seawater microcosms containing oysters with a human effluent. Contaminated oysters bioaccumulated the typical fecal stanols coprostanol and 24-ethylcoprostanol and their bioaccumulation kinetics were similar to that of the Fecal Indicator Bacteria Escherichia coli used in European legislation. Although stanol fingerprints of contaminated water allowed the identification of the human specific fingerprint, this was not the case for oysters. This discrepancy is attributed to (i) high concentrations of endogenous cholestanol and sitostanol, responsible for "unbalanced" stanol fingerprints, (ii) different accumulation/depuration kinetics of fecal coprostanol and 24-ethylcoprostanol and (iii) the limits of the analytical pathway used. These results show that fecal stanols bioaccumulated by oysters are useful to record fecal contamination but the usefulness of stanol fingerprints to identify specific sources of contamination in shellfish currently seems limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Harrault
- CNRS, UMR 6118 Geosciences Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Emilie Jardé
- CNRS, UMR 6118 Geosciences Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Jeanneau
- CNRS, UMR 6118 Geosciences Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Petitjean
- CNRS, UMR 6118 Geosciences Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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