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Liu A, Qu C, Zhang J, Sun W, Shi C, Lima A, De Vivo B, Huang H, Palmisano M, Guarino A, Qi S, Albanese S. Screening and optimization of interpolation methods for mapping soil-borne polychlorinated biphenyls. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169498. [PMID: 38154632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
There is yet no scientific consensus, and for now, on how to choose the optimal interpolation method and its parameters for mapping soil-borne organic pollutants. Take the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for instance, we present the comparison of some classic interpolation methods using a high-resolution soil monitoring database. The results showed that empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) has the highest accuracy for predicting the total PCB concentration, while root mean squared error (RMSE) in inverse distance weighting (IDW) is among the highest in these interpolation methods. The logarithmic transformation of non-normally distributed data contributed to enhance considerably the semivariogram for modeling in kriging interpolation. The increasing of search neighborhood reduced IDW's RMSE, but slightly affected in ordinary kriging (OK), while both of them resulted in over smooth of prediction map. The existence of outliers made the difference between two points increase sharply, and thereby weakening spatial autocorrelation and decreasing the accuracy. As predicted error increased continuously, the prediction accuracy of different interpolation methods reached unanimity gradually. The attempt of the assisted interpolation algorithm did not significantly improve the prediction accuracy of the IDW method. This study constructed a standardized workflow for interpolation, which could reduce human error to reach higher interpolation accuracy for mapping soil-borne PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengkai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jiaquan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Annamaria Lima
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Benedetto De Vivo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; Pegaso On-Line University, Naples 80132, Italy
| | - Huanfang Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Maurizio Palmisano
- Experimental Research Center, National Research Council, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - Annalise Guarino
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Stefano Albanese
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy
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Zhu W, Yang X, He J, Wang X, Lu R, Zhang Z. Investigation and Systematic Risk Assessment in a Typical Contaminated Site of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal. Front Public Health 2021; 9:764788. [PMID: 34778191 PMCID: PMC8578362 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.764788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 214 sampling sites of a hazardous waste disposal center were surveyed in a two-stage pollution investigation, including soil boreholes and groundwater monitoring wells. Results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) (4.00–2930.00 mg/L), fluoride (0.07–9.08 mg/L), chromium (0.12–1.20 μg/L), nickel (0.15–459.00 μg/L), lead (0.10–10.20 μg/L), cadmium (Cd) (0.05–16.40 μg/L), and beryllium (0.06–3.48 μg/L) were detected in groundwater samples. For soils, Cd in soil (78.7 mg/kg) exceeded the risk screening value (65 mg/kg) for soil contamination of the second type of development land (GB36600-2018), and there remained the risk of leakage in the landfill detection investigation. Then, a health risk assessment was carried out. Based on the definitions of the groundwater exposure pathway (HJ 25.3-2019) and the pollution investigation of groundwater, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of groundwater were generally considered to be negligible. The carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of the concerned pollutant in soil for risk assessment (Cd) under the condition of reutilization exceeded the corresponding acceptable levels (1E-06 and 1). The (non-)carcinogenic risk of Cd mainly came from oral intake of soil and inhalation of soil particles under two conditions of reutilization and non-utilization, so on-site workers and surrounding residents should be properly protected from the mouth and nose to minimize the intake of pollutants from the soil and soil particles. The area of soil contaminated by Cd was about 630.58 m2, and the amount of pollution was about 1261.16 m3. The heavy metal pollution was only distributed in the depth range of 0–2 m, and the suggested risk control value of soil pollutants under the condition of reutilization for Cd was 56 mg/kg. Based on different pollution characteristics of soil, groundwater, and the landfill, targeted control measures were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhu
- Soil Environmental Protection Center, Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Yang
- Soil Environmental Protection Center, Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Jun He
- Soil Environmental Protection Center, Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Xiahui Wang
- Soil Environmental Protection Center, Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Lu
- Soil Environmental Protection Center, Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Soil Environmental Protection Center, Research Center of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Liu R, Miao Y, Jiao L, Cao L, Li L, Wang Q. Identification and uncertainty analysis of high-risk areas of heavy metals in sediments of the Yangtze River estuary, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112003. [PMID: 33493857 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ordinary kriging (OK) and indicator kriging (IK) were used to analyze the uncertainty associated with high-risk areas of seven heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in sediments of the Yangtze River estuary during four seasons. The OK results showed that the high-risk areas of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, and Pb had a high proportion, with the highest corresponding to Cr pollution (up to 60%). Predictions based on IK revealed that the proportion of high-risk areas of Cr, Cd, and Hg pollution were high, especially that of Cr was higher than 90%. However, there were uncertainties between the OK and IK results. The uncertainty results revealed that the uncertainty areas of Cr pollution were relatively large, accounting for about 30%, while those of Cd, Cu, and Hg pollution were lower than 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yuexi Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lijun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Leiping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
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A spatial-temporal approach for corrosion prediction in time-varying marine environment. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Distribution Characteristics and Spatial Differences of Phosphorus in the Main Stream of the Urban River Stretches of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12030910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive phosphorus is the main problem of water pollution in the main stream of the Yangtze River, while it is not clear about the distribution characteristics and spatial differences of phosphorus in the urban river stretches of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In this study, a field survey in June 2014 revealed that the average particulate phosphorus (PP) concentration ranged from 0.195 mg/L to 0.105 mg/L from Wuhan (WH) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River to Shanghai (SH, 1081 km from WH) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the average PP-to-the total phosphorus (TP) ratio decreased from 85.71% in WH to 45.65% in SH, while the average soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) concentration ranged from 0.033 to 0.125 mg/L, and the average SRP-to-total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) ratio increased from 60.73% in WH to 88.28% in SH. In general, PP was still an important form of TP in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The concentrations of PP and SRP at different sampling locations and water depths in the same monitoring section showed differences, which might be related to the transportation and sedimentation of suspended sediment (SS) and differences in the location of urban sewage outlets. Historical data showed that the concentration and particle size of the SS decreased over time, while the discharge of wastewater also increased over time in the Yangtze River Basin. The measured results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between SS and PP. As a result, the concentration of SRP might increase in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. If the SRP concentration is not properly controlled, the degree of eutrophication of water body could significantly increase in the Yangtze River estuary, the riparian zone of the urban river stretches, the tributary slow-flow section, and the corresponding lakes connected with the Yangtze River.
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Fan H, Wang J, Hu M, Li Z, Jiang X, Wang J. Spatiotemporal assessment of marine environmental monitoring programme based on DIN concentration in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135527. [PMID: 31784161 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The marine environment is rigorously protected in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) and its adjacent sea, and routine monitoring is constantly upgraded. Therefore, scientific and efficient monitoring programmes are needed. Nitrogen is one of the most serious pollutants in the YRE. Obtaining the precise pollution areas of water quality grades (WQGs) are a scientific and management issue that requires optimization of monitoring programmes and interpolation methods. Based on spatiotemporal regression point means of surface with non-homogeneity (STR-PMSN), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were estimated in a stratified heterogeneous estuary. The annual average areas of DIN Grades I and II were classified by interpolating the concentrations; the values were 3145 km2, 1626 km2, 2320 km2 and 3758 km2 for February, May, August and November, respectively. This means that November had the best water condition, and May had the worst. Meanwhile, DIN area changes showed that the water condition changed due to removal of data much more in August and May than in February and November. The descending order of importance was August, May, February and November. Every month represented different runoff periods. Monitoring frequency should not be reduced. Removal of sampling data for the third stratum had a significant effect on the area. When the sampling data for outer boundary meshes of the third stratum were removed, the water condition became worse. However, when the sampling data for inner boundary meshes were removed, the water condition improved. New sites should be added to the outer boundary region to avoid interpolation instability and reduce the sensitivity of the existing sites. This study assesses the spatiotemporal effect of the marine environmental monitoring programmes on pollutant distribution by STR-PMSN, and it offers guidance for more precise data acquisition and processing methods in the YRE and its adjacent sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Fan
- East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maogui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zhien Li
- East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Xiaoshan Jiang
- East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Qiao P, Li P, Cheng Y, Wei W, Yang S, Lei M, Chen T. Comparison of common spatial interpolation methods for analyzing pollutant spatial distributions at contaminated sites. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2709-2730. [PMID: 31144251 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of the spatial distribution of pollutants in soils based on applicable interpolation methods is often the basis for soil remediation in contaminated sites. However, the applicable interpolation method has not been determined for contaminated sites due to the complex spatial distribution characteristics and stronger local spatial variability of pollutants. In this research, the prediction accuracies of three interpolation methods (including the different values of their parameters) for the spatial distribution of benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) in four soil layers were compared. These included inverse distance weighting (IDW), radial basis function (RBF), ordinary kriging (OK). The results indicated: (1) IDW1 is applicable for the first layer, RBF-IMQ is applicable to the second, third, and fourth layers. (2) For IDW, the prediction error is bigger with high weight where high values and low values intersect, while the prediction error is smaller where high (or low) values aggregated distribution. (3) For RBF, if the pollutant concentration trend at the predicted location is consistent with the known points in its neighborhood, the prediction accuracy is higher. (4) IDW is suitable for fitting more drastic curved surfaces, while RBF is more effective for relatively gentle curved surfaces and OK is reasonable for curved surfaces without local outliers. (5) The interpolation uncertainty is positively associated with the contaminant concentration and local spatial variability. Therefore, we suggest the selection of the applicable interpolation model must be based on the principle of the model and the spatial distribution characteristics of the pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites, Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Peizhong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites, Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Yanjun Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites, Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Wenxia Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites, Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Sucai Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites, Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry, Beijing, 100089, China.
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
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Bai F, Tian H, Ma J. Advanced treatment of sewage by membrane bioreactor associate with genetically engineered autotrophic nitrifying bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121341. [PMID: 31129517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study introduced a process of MBR combing with genetically engineered bacteria of expressing nirs and ppk genes (GEB-Nirs/PPK) for advanced treatment of sewage in scenic area. An industrial scale application was staged anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion. Over more than 150 days of continuous operation, TMP in this system was less than 0.18 bar. With a membrane flux of 6.48 m3/h, TMP remained below 0.2 bar and effluent remained above 70 m3 during continuous operation. Average COD and BOD removals averaged 94.2% and 93.6%, and were obtained with average effluent COD and BOD below 10.4 mg/L and 4.2 mg/L, respectively. The TN and TP removals averaged 98.8% and 94.3%, and never higher than 3.2 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L, respectively, in the processing system. In conclusion, these results indicate that the process of MBR associate with genetically engineered autotrophic nitrifying bacteria is of high-efficiency for advanced treatment of sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuliang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China; Lubin Environmental Protection Equipment (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Tian
- School of Life Science, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Hu M, Gao B, Fan H, Wang J. A spatiotemporal interpolation method for the assessment of pollutant concentrations in the Yangtze River estuary and adjacent areas from 2004 to 2013. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:501-510. [PMID: 31163383 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most significant pollutants in the Yangtze River estuary (YRE), China. Reliable estimation of nitrogen concentration in the water is crucial for assessment of the water quality of the estuary. Because ocean fronts exist in the YRE, which divide water masses into different regions, it is necessary to account for the heterogeneity of the water surface when predicting nitrogen concentrations. A new geostatistical method, called spatiotemporal point mean of surface with non-homogeneity (ST-PMSN), is proposed to model the non-stationary spatiotemporal random process of nitrogen concentrations between 2004 and 2013 in the YRE. The method considers the spatiotemporal correlation of surface water nitrogen and uses information from both sides of a boundary for heterogeneous water masses. Comparing with several other interpolating methods, including spatial ordinary kriging (OK), stratified ordinary kriging (SOK), point mean of surface with non-homogeneity (P-MSN), spatiotemporal ordinary kriging (STK), and stratified spatiotemporal ordinary kriging (SSTK), the cross-validation results show that ST-PMSN has the highest accuracy, followed by SSTK, STK, P-MSN, SOK, and OK in descending order. ST-PMSN is therefore demonstrated to be effective in estimating the nitrogen pollutant concentrations in a stratified estuary. According to interpolated nitrogen concentrations in the YRE, water quality has generally deteriorated-with fluctuations-from 2004 to 2013. The average annual reduction in area of water quality of Grades I and II from 2004 to 2013 was 1.10%. At the same time, the average annual increase in area of water quality of Grades III and IV was 0.89% and that of Grade V was 0.21%. The results of this study provide a new and more accurate interpolating method for assessing the pollutant concentration in the marine and offers guidance for more precise classification of water quality in the YRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Maogui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Bingbo Gao
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haimei Fan
- East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai, 201206, China.
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Liu R, Guo L, Men C, Wang Q, Miao Y, Shen Z. Spatial-temporal variation of heavy metals' sources in the surface sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:526-533. [PMID: 30660303 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, positive matrix factorization, multilinear engine 2, and geographic information systems were used to characterize the spatial-temporal patterns of sources for nine heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary in different seasons. Results showed that six sources were identified: agricultural pesticide, marine transportation, chemical factory wastewater, metal smelter waste, atmospheric deposition, and agricultural fertilizer. The proportions of sources were similar during the entire year but varied among the seasons. The differences in the proportions of agricultural pesticide between winter and other seasons were greater than 12%. Over 40% of the Cd concentration in most seasons was attributed to atmospheric deposition, while less than 5% in autumn. The impact strength of most sources, except marine transportation and metal smelter waste, decreased from the inner regions to the adjacent sea. The difference in the impact strength of agricultural pesticide was the largest throughout the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Lijia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuexi Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
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Ding Q, Wang Y, Zhuang D. Comparison of the common spatial interpolation methods used to analyze potentially toxic elements surrounding mining regions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 212:23-31. [PMID: 29427938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The appropriate spatial interpolation methods must be selected to analyze the spatial distributions of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs), which is a precondition for evaluating PTE pollution. The accuracy and effect of different spatial interpolation methods, which include inverse distance weighting interpolation (IDW) (power = 1, 2, 3), radial basis function interpolation (RBF) (basis function: thin-plate spline (TPS), spline with tension (ST), completely regularized spline (CRS), multiquadric (MQ) and inverse multiquadric (IMQ)) and ordinary kriging interpolation (OK) (semivariogram model: spherical, exponential, gaussian and linear), were compared using 166 unevenly distributed soil PTE samples (As, Pb, Cu and Zn) in the Suxian District, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province as the study subject. The reasons for the accuracy differences of the interpolation methods and the uncertainties of the interpolation results are discussed, then several suggestions for improving the interpolation accuracy are proposed, and the direction of pollution control is determined. The results of this study are as follows: (i) RBF-ST and OK (exponential) are the optimal interpolation methods for As and Cu, and the optimal interpolation method for Pb and Zn is RBF-IMQ. (ii) The interpolation uncertainty is positively correlated with the PTE concentration, and higher uncertainties are primarily distributed around mines, which is related to the strong spatial variability of PTE concentrations caused by human interference. (iii) The interpolation accuracy can be improved by increasing the sample size around the mines, introducing auxiliary variables in the case of incomplete sampling and adopting the partition prediction method. (iv) It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of As and Pb pollution, particularly in the central and northern areas. The results of this study can provide an effective reference for the optimization of interpolation methods and parameters for unevenly distributed soil PTE data in mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Dafang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Li F, Qiu Z, Zhang J, Liu W, Liu C, Zeng G. Investigation, Pollution Mapping and Simulative Leakage Health Risk Assessment for Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Groundwater from a Typical Brownfield, Middle China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070768. [PMID: 28703781 PMCID: PMC5551206 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal and metalloid (Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, As and Hg) concentrations in groundwater from 19 typical sites throughout a typical brownfield were detected. Mean concentrations of toxic metals in groundwater decreased in the order of Cr > Zn > Cu > Cd > Ni > Pb > Hg > As. Concentration of Cr6+ in groundwater was detected to further study chromium contamination. Cr6+ and Cd in groundwater were recommended as the priority pollutants because they were generally 1399-fold and 12-foldgreater than permissible limits, respectively. Owing to the fact that a waterproof curtain (WPC) in the brownfield is about to pass the warranty period, a steady two-dimensional water quality model and health risk assessment were applied to simulate and evaluate adverse effects of Cr6 + and Cd on the water quality of Xiangjiang River and the drinking-water intake of Wangcheng Waterworks. The results indicated that when groundwater in the brownfield leaked with valid curtain prevention, the water quality in Xiangjiang River and drinking-water intake downstream were temporarily unaffected. However, if there was no curtain prevention, groundwater leakage would have adverse impact on water quality of Xiangjiang River. Under the requirements of Class III surface water quality, the pollution belt for Cr6+ was 7500 m and 200 m for Cd. The non-carcinogenic risk of toxic metals in Xiangjiang River exceeded the threshold in a limited area, but did not threaten Wangcheng Waterworks. By contrast, the carcinogenic risk area for adults was at a transverse distance of 200 m and a longitudinal distance of 18,000 m, which was close to the Wangcheng Waterworks (23,000 m). Therefore, it was essential to reconstruct the WPC in the brownfield for preventing pollution diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Qiu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Wenchu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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13
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Qu L, Xiao H, Zheng N, Zhang Z, Xu Y. Comparison of four methods for spatial interpolation of estimated atmospheric nitrogen deposition in South China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2578-2588. [PMID: 27826827 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Spatial interpolation methods have been applied in many environmental research studies. However, it is still a controversial issue to select an appropriate interpolation method for the conversion of discrete sampling sites into continuous maps. This study aimed at selecting an optimal interpolation method to analyze the spatial pattern of atmospheric N deposition in South China. N deposition was calculated by 259 moss sample data. Four spatial interpolation methods, including inverse distance weighting (IDW), radial basis function (RBF), ordinary kriging (OK), and universal kriging (UK), were utilized for modeling the spatial distribution of N deposition. It is the first time that these methods were applied to analyze N deposition in South China. Validation method was used to evaluate the interpolation precision of the various methods, and the cross-validation method was used to evaluate their interpolation accuracy. Comparison of predicted values with measured values indicated that OK was the optimal method for analyzing the spatial distribution of N deposition in this study; it had the highest precision (mean error (ME) = -0.059, root-mean-square error (RMSE) = 5.240, mean relative error (MRE) = 0.129, mean absolute error (MAE) = 4.007) and the lowest uncertainties (standard deviation (SD) = 5.47, coefficient of variation (CV) = 0.15). RBF produced similar results as good as OK, while the worst performed interpolation method was UK. By using the OK method for analyzing N deposition, this work revealed systematic temporal and spatial variations in atmospheric N deposition in South China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| | - Nengjian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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14
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Ren J, Gao BB, Fan HM, Zhang ZH, Zhang Y, Wang JF. Assessment of pollutant mean concentrations in the Yangtze estuary based on MSN theory. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:216-223. [PMID: 27665325 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reliable assessment of water quality is a critical issue for estuaries. Nutrient concentrations show significant spatial distinctions between areas under the influence of fresh-sea water interaction and anthropogenic effects. For this situation, given the limitations of general mean estimation approaches, a new method for surfaces with non-homogeneity (MSN) was applied to obtain optimized linear unbiased estimations of the mean nutrient concentrations in the study area in the Yangtze estuary from 2011 to 2013. Other mean estimation methods, including block Kriging (BK), simple random sampling (SS) and stratified sampling (ST) inference, were applied simultaneously for comparison. Their performance was evaluated by estimation error. The results show that MSN had the highest accuracy, while SS had the highest estimation error. ST and BK were intermediate in terms of their performance. Thus, MSN is an appropriate method that can be adopted to reduce the uncertainty of mean pollutant estimation in estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Bo Gao
- Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Mei Fan
- East China Sea Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Center for Environmental Risk and Damage Assessment, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Wang H, Liu R, Wang Q, Xu F, Men C, Shen Z. Bioavailability and risk assessment of arsenic in surface sediments of the Yangtze River estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:125-131. [PMID: 27634740 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability and risk assessment of As were studied in sediments of the Yangtze River estuary (YRE). Results showed that residual fractions dominated the As partition (>85%), which attenuated overall bioavailability. After the residual fraction, As mainly partitioned into the Fe-Mn oxides fraction (3.16-4.22%). Arsenic bound to Fe-Mn oxides was higher in wet seasons. The carbonate fraction was minimal, which may result from the negative state presence of As in sediments. According to the risk assessment code, the YRE was classified as low risk. Additionally, the reduction of As(V) to As(III) may occur due to the reducing condition in wet seasons. Considering As(III) is more toxic and mobile, As bound to the exchangeable and Fe-Mn oxides fractions may have more potential ecological risk. Thus, the speciation and fraction should be both considered on the ecological risk of As in sediments of the YRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Qingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
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16
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Liu L, Liu R, Yu W, Xu F, Men C, Wang Q, Shen Z. Risk assessment and uncertainty analysis of PAHs in the sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:380-388. [PMID: 27539637 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To better explore the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE), 16 priority PAHs were analyzed based on sampling data obtained in February 2011. The results showed that the total concentrations of PAHs in sediments of the YRE varied from 65.07 to 668.98ng·g-1. The results of toxic equivalent quantities of benzo[a]pyrene and the sediment quality guideline quotient suggested that PAHs had little or no adverse effects on the environment. The cancer risk results showed that the cancer risk at all sites exceeded 10-6, with 73% of sites exceeding 10-4, suggesting that people remain at risk of cancer as a result of their exposure to carcinogenic PAHs. However, the result of hazard index results showed that the non-cancer risks were substantially lower than one, indicating that PAHs in these sediments likely pose little or no adverse health threats to local inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Wenwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
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17
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Mirzaei R, Sakizadeh M. Comparison of interpolation methods for the estimation of groundwater contamination in Andimeshk-Shush Plain, Southwest of Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2758-69. [PMID: 26446732 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Selection of appropriate interpolation methods for the conversion of discrete samples into continuous maps is a controversial issue in the environmental researches. The main objective of this study was to analyze the suitability of three interpolation methods for the discrimination of groundwater with respect to the water quality index (WQI). The groundwater quality data consisted of 17 variables associated with 65 wells located in Andimeshk-Shush Plain. Three spatial interpolation methods including ordinary kriging (OK), empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK), and inverse distance weighting (IDW) were utilized for modeling the groundwater contamination. In addition, different cross-validation indicators were applied to assess the performance of different interpolation methods. The results showed that the performance differed slightly among different methods, although the best performed interpolation method in this study was the empirical Bayesian kriging. Among the interpolation methods, IDW with weighting power of 4 estimated the most contaminated area, while OK estimated the lowest contaminated area. The weighting power of IDW had a significant influence on the estimation, meaning that the estimated contaminated area was increased when a greater weighting power was selected. The subtraction results indicated that there are slightly spatial differences among the contamination assessment results. Results of both standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) also showed that uncertainty was highest in the southern part of the study area, where the distribution of wells were more intensive than that of the northern part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Mirzaei
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Sakizadeh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Liu R, Chen Y, Yu W, Xu F, Shen Z. Spatial-temporal distribution and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the Yangtze River Estuary. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:924-934. [PMID: 26901737 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Based on water sample data collected from the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) during four sampling periods in 2010 and 2011, the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) content were evaluated using the traditional single-factor evaluation (TSE) and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE). Statistical analyses showed that the average TN and TP for the four periods were 2.60 mg/L and 0.11 mg/L, respectively. August 2010 showed the lowest TN (1.57 mg/L), and February 2011 showed the highest TP (0.15 mg/L). The annual spatial distribution results indicated that an area of high TN concentration (TN ≥ 3.0 mg/L) occurred in the adjacent sea and increased on an eastward gradient. An area of high TP concentration (TP ≥0.10 mg/L) occurred in the inner YRE and decreased on an eastward gradient. There were significant differences in the results of TSE and FCE. The TSE results only reflected the TN evaluation results for certain locations of the YRE. The FCE method combined the effects of the TN and TP factors, and the results indicate that the Chinese water quality classification of Class 5 was dominant in the YRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China E-mail:
| | - Yaxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China E-mail:
| | - Wenwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China E-mail:
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China E-mail:
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China E-mail:
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19
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Liu X, Luo G, Cai X, Wu H, Su SJ, Cao Y. Pyrene terminal functionalized perylene diimide as non-fullerene acceptors for bulk heterojunction solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13188j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two perylene diimide based small molecules with different terminal groups of pyrene andtert-butyl pyrene were developed as acceptor materials in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Guoping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
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20
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Liu X, Xie Y, Zhao H, Cai X, Wu H, Su SJ, Cao Y. Star-shaped isoindigo-based small molecules as potential non-fullerene acceptors in bulk heterojunction solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01893e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two novel star-shaped isoindigo-based small molecules with different cores of triphenylamine and benzene were designed and synthesized as non-fullerene acceptor materials in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
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