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Siriwardana H, Samarasekara RSM, Anthony D, Vithanage M. Measurements and analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus in oceans: Practice, frontiers, and insights. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28182. [PMID: 38560146 PMCID: PMC10979167 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in oceans have been extensively studied, and advancements in associated disciplines have rapidly progressed, enabling the exploration of novel and previously challenging questions. A keyword analysis was conducted using the Scopus database to examine chronological trends and hotspots, offering comprehensive insights into the evolution of marine nitrogen and phosphorus research. For this purpose, author keyword networks were developed for the periods before 1990, 1990 to 2000, 2001 to 2011, and 2012 to 2022. Furthermore, analytical techniques employed in the recent decade to determine nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in seawater were assessed for their applicability and limitations through a critical review of more than 50 journal articles. Taxonomy and nitrogen biogeochemistry were the prominent research interests for the first two periods, respectively, while stable isotopic tracking of nitrogen and phosphorus processes emerged as the dominant research focus for the last two decades. The integration of macroeconomic factors in research development and the chronological rise of interdisciplinary research were identified. Conventional analytical techniques such as spectrophotometry, colorimetry, fluorometry, and elemental analysis were noted, along with emerging techniques like remote sensing and microfluidic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasitha Siriwardana
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, 41, Lumbini Avenue, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka
| | - R S M Samarasekara
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, 41, Lumbini Avenue, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka
| | - Damsara Anthony
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, 41, Lumbini Avenue, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center (ERRC), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
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Panda PP, Shukla G, Kumar A, Aswini MA, Kaushik A, Nayak G, Matta VM. Atmospheric deposition of mineral dust and associated nutrients over the Equatorial Indian Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169779. [PMID: 38181947 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Aerosols are potential supplier of nutrients to the surface water of oceans and can impact biogeochemical processes particularly in the remote locations. The nutrient data from atmospheric supply is poorly reported from the Indian Ocean region. In this study, we present atmospheric nutrients such as reactive nitrogen species (Nitrate, Ammonium, Organic nitrogen), micro-nutrients (e.g. Fe, Mn and Cu) concentration along with mineral dust in the aerosol samples collected over meridional transect during summer (April-May 2018) and monsoon (June-July 2019) months. A significant spatial variation of dust was observed during summer (0.6-22.8 μg m-3) and monsoon (2.8-25.1 μg m-3) months with a decreasing trend from north to south. Dust as well as other nutrient species shows a general north to south decreasing trend, however, no such trend was seen in the soluble trace elements (TEs) concentration. Anthropogenic species like NH4+ and nss-K+ were found below detection limit during monsoon campaign. The fractional solubility (in percentage) of Fe, Mn and Cu were estimated by measuring their concentration in ultrapure water leach which averaged around 0.99 ± 1.12, 31.0 ± 14.9 and 31.1 ± 25.4, respectively during summer and 0.09 ± 0.08, 6.0 ± 8.9, 16.7 ± 9.6, respectively, during monsoon period. Correlation of soluble Fe with total Fe and total acidic species suggest varying dust sources is an important controlling factor for the fraction solubility of Fe with negligible contribution from the chemical processing. However, a significant correlation was observed between total acid and fractional solubility of Mn and Cu suggest role of chemical processing in enhancement of their solubility. Dry deposition flux of aeolian dust was estimated for both campaign using Al concentration and relatively higher fluxes were observed for summer (12.6 ± 8.4 mg·m-2·d-1) and monsoon (8.7 ± 8.4 mg·m-2·d-1) months as compared to model based estimates reported in the literature. Contrastingly, estimated deposition flux of soluble Fe from both campaign displays relatively lower values as compared to model based results which underscores a need for re-evaluation of biogeochemical models with real-time data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prema Piyusha Panda
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India; The School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Goa 403206, India
| | - Garima Shukla
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashwini Kumar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India; The School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Goa 403206, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - M A Aswini
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India; Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ankush Kaushik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India
| | - Gourav Nayak
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India
| | - Vishnu Murthy Matta
- The School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Goa 403206, India
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Peng T, Yu X, Liu J, Zhu Z, Du J. Capturing the influence of submarine groundwater discharge on nutrient speciation dynamics within an estuarine aquaculture ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122467. [PMID: 37640223 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays a crucial role in nutrient dynamics and eutrophication status of the typical estuarine ecosystems, which are hotspots for groundwater-borne nutrient and are sensitive to aquaculture activities. To evaluate the significant role of SGD in regulating nutrient dynamics in an aquaculture estuary, a radium mass balance model combined biological feeding experiment was carried out in the present study. The results demonstrated that SGD fluxes were estimated to be 15.9 ± 9.41 cm d-1, 18.1 ± 8.51 cm d-1, and 23.0 ± 13.7 cm d-1 during July 2019, October 2019 and April 2021, and the SGD-driven dissolved inorganic/organic nutrient fluxes were 0.6-3.1-fold, 0.2-0.9-fold and 0.4-29-fold higher than those of riverine input, respectively. Seasonal variabilities of SGD rates indicated that saline SGD is dominated and is primarily modified by the oceanic forcing stimulated by tidal and wave dynamics. The contrasting conditions between bottom-up (groundwater- and river-derived nutrient fluxes) and top-down (nutrient responses in estuarine waters), showed the significance of seasonal differences in the biochemical mechanisms and aquaculture effects of modifying nitrogen dynamics. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and nitrification were responsible for the contrasting NOx- (NO2- and NO3-) and NH4+ conditions in July and October, respectively, and these factors jointly regulated NOx- and NH4+ in April. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was the predominant component among the three seasons, except for DON degeneration in October, and it increased due to NH4+ assimilation by the phytoplankton community. These findings indicated that biochemical transformation has potential ramifications for the dynamics of SGD-driven nutrients and the management in marine aquaculture ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
| | - Zhuoyi Zhu
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Shetye S, Pratihary A, Shenoy D, Kurian S, Gauns M, Uskaikar H, Naik B, Nandakumar K, Borker S. Rice husk as a potential source of silicate to oceanic phytoplankton. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:162941. [PMID: 36934917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Global oceans are witnessing changes in the phytoplankton community composition due to various environmental stressors such as rising temperature, stratification, nutrient limitation, and ocean acidification. The Arabian Sea is undergoing changes in its phytoplankton community composition, especially during winter, with the diatoms being replaced by harmful algal blooms (HABs) of dinoflagellates. Recent studies have already highlighted dissolved silicate (DSi) limitation and change in Silicon (Si)/Nitrogen (N) ratios as the factors responsible for the observed changes in the phytoplankton community in the Arabian Sea. Our investigation also revealed Si/N < 1 in the northern Arabian Sea, indicating DSi limitation, especially during winter. Here, we demonstrate that rice husk with its phytoliths is an important source of bioavailable DSi for oceanic phytoplankton. Our experiment showed that a rice husk can release ∼12 μM of DSi in 15 days and can release DSi for ∼20 days. The DSi availability increased diatom abundance up to ∼9 times. The major benefitted diatom species from DSi enrichment were Nitzshia spp., Striatella spp., Navicula spp., Dactiliosolen spp., and Leptocylindrus spp. The increase in diatom abundance was accompanied by an increase in fucoxanthin and dimethyl sulphide (DMS), an anti-greenhouse gas. Thus, the rice husk with its buoyancy and slow DSi release has the potential to reduce HABs, and increase diatoms and fishery resources in addition to carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in DSi-limited oceanic regions such as the Arabian Sea. Rice husk if released at the formation site of the Subantarctic mode water in the Southern Ocean could supply DSi to the thermocline in the global oceans thereby increasing diatom blooms and consequently the biotic carbon sequestration potential of the entire ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Shetye
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India.
| | - Anil Pratihary
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Damodar Shenoy
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Siby Kurian
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Mangesh Gauns
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Hema Uskaikar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Bhagyashri Naik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - K Nandakumar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Sidhesh Borker
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
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Shetye S, Gazi S, Manglavil A, Shenoy D, Kurian S, Pratihary A, Shirodkar G, Mohan R, Dias A, Naik H, Gauns M, Nandakumar K, Borker S. Malformation in coccolithophores in low pH waters: evidences from the eastern Arabian Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:42351-42366. [PMID: 36648723 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oceanic calcifying plankton such as coccolithophores is expected to exhibit sensitivity to climate change stressors such as warming and acidification. Observational studies on coccolithophore communities along with carbonate chemistry provide important perceptions of possible adaptations of these organisms to ocean acidification. However, this phytoplankton group remains one of the least studied in the northern Indian Ocean. In 2017, the biogeochemistry group at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO) initiated a coccolithophore monitoring study in the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS). Here, we document for the first time a detailed spatial and seasonal distribution of coccolithophores and their controlling factors from the EAS, which is a well-known source of CO2 to the atmosphere. To infer the seasonality, data collected at three transects (Goa, Mangalore, and Kochi) during the Southwest Monsoon (SWM) of 2018 was compared with that of the late SWM of 2017. Apart from this, the abundance of coccolithophores was studied at the Candolim Time Series (CaTS) transect, off Goa during the Northeast Monsoon (NEM). The most abundant coccolithophore species found in the study region was Gephyrocapsa oceanica. A high abundance of G. oceanica (1800 × 103cells L-1) was observed at the Mangalore transect during the late SWM despite experiencing low pH and can be linked to nitrogen availability. The high abundance of G. oceanica at Mangalore was associated with high dimethylsulphide (DMS). Particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) and scattering coefficient retrieved from satellites also indicated a high abundance of coccolithophores off Mangalore during the late SWM of 2017. Interestingly, G. oceanica showed malformation during the late SWM in low pH waters. Malformation in coccolithophores could have a far-reaching impact on the settling fluxes of organic matter and also on the emissions of climatically important gases such as DMS and CO2, thus influencing atmospheric chemistry. The satellite data for PIC in the EAS indicates a high abundance of coccolithophore in recent years, especially during the warm El Nino years (2015 and 2018). This warrants the need for a better assessment of the fate of coccolithophores in high-CO2 and warmer oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Shetye
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.
| | - Sahina Gazi
- ESSO-National Centre for Polar & Ocean Research, Headland Sada, Goa, 403804, India
| | - Arundhathy Manglavil
- Regional Centre, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Kochi, Kerala, 628018, India
| | - Damodar Shenoy
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Siby Kurian
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Anil Pratihary
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Gayatri Shirodkar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Rahul Mohan
- ESSO-National Centre for Polar & Ocean Research, Headland Sada, Goa, 403804, India
| | - Albertina Dias
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Hema Naik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Mangesh Gauns
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | | | - Sidhesh Borker
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
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Sharma D, Biswas H, Chowdhury M, Silori S, Pandey M, Ray D. Phytoplankton community shift in response to experimental Cu addition at the elevated CO 2 levels (Arabian Sea, winter monsoon). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:7325-7344. [PMID: 36038690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding phytoplankton community shifts under multiple stressors is becoming increasingly important. Among other combinations of stressors, the impact of trace metal toxicity on marine phytoplankton under the ocean acidification scenario is an important aspect to address. Such multiple stressor studies are rare from the Arabian Sea, one of the highest productive oceanic provinces within the North Indian Ocean. We studied the interactive impacts of copper (Cu) and CO2 enrichment on two natural phytoplankton communities from the eastern and central Arabian Sea. Low dissolved silicate (DSi < 2 µM) favoured smaller diatoms (e.g. Nitzschia sp.) and non-diatom (Phaeocystis). CO2 enrichment caused both positive (Nitzschia sp. and Phaeocystis sp.) and negative (Cylindrotheca closterium, Navicula sp., Pseudo-nitzschia sp., Alexandrium sp., and Gymnodinium sp.) growth impacts. The addition of Cu under the ambient CO2 level (A-CO2) hindered cell division in most of the species, whereas Chla contents were nearly unaffected. Interestingly, CO2 enrichment seemed to alleviate Cu toxicity in some species (Nitzschia sp., Cylindrotheca closterium, Guinardia flaccida, and Phaeocystis) and increased their growth rates. This could be related to the cellular Cu demand and energy budget at elevated CO2 levels. Dinoflagellates were more sensitive to Cu supply compared to diatoms and prymnesiophytes and could be related to the unavailability of prey. Such community shifts in response to the projected ocean acidification, oligotrophy, and Cu pollution may impact trophic transfer and carbon cycling in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Sharma
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
- Affiliated for PhD Under Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - Haimanti Biswas
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Mintu Chowdhury
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Saumya Silori
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Medhavi Pandey
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Durbar Ray
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
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Xu Q, Huang M, Yang S, Li X, Zhao H, Tang J, Jiang G, Li Z, Huang Y, Dong K, Huang L, Li N. Ecological stoichiometry influences phytoplankton alpha and beta diversity rather than the community stability in subtropical bay. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9301. [PMID: 36177126 PMCID: PMC9463046 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that changes in environmental factors can significantly impact and shift the structure of phytoplankton communities in marine ecosystems. However, little is known about the association between the ecological stoichiometry of seawater nutrients and phytoplankton community diversity and stability in subtropical bays. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the phytoplankton community assemblage and seasonal variation in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. In this study, we found that the abundance of Bacillariophyceae in spring was relatively greater than in other seasons, whereas the abundance of Coscinodiscophyceae was relatively low in spring and winter but greatly increased in summer and autumn. Values of the alpha diversity indices gradually increased from spring to winter, revealing that seasonal variations shifted the phytoplankton community structure. The regression lines between the average variation degree and the Shannon index and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity values showed significantly positive correlations, indicating that high diversity was beneficial to maintaining community stability. In addition, the ecological stoichiometry of nutrients exhibited significantly positive associations with Shannon index and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity, demonstrating that ecological stoichiometry can significantly influence the alpha and beta diversity of phytoplankton communities. The C:N:P ratio was not statistically significantly correlated with average variation degree, suggesting that ecological stoichiometry rarely impacted the community stability. Temperature, nitrate, dissolved inorganic phosphorous, and total dissolved phosphorus were the main drivers of the phytoplankton community assemblage. The results of this study provide new perspectives about what influences phytoplankton community structure and the association between ecological stoichiometry, community diversity, and stability in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation Nanning Normal University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Meiqin Huang
- Guangxi Station of Radiation Environment Supervision, Department of Ecology and Environment of Guangxi Nanning China
| | - Shu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation Nanning Normal University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University Yantai China
| | - Huaxian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation Nanning Normal University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Jinli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation Nanning Normal University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Gonglingxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation Nanning Normal University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Zhuoting Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation Nanning Normal University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation Nanning Normal University Nanning Guangxi China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences Kyonggi University Suwon-si South Korea
| | - Liangliang Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf (Nanning Normal University), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation Nanning Normal University Nanning Guangxi China
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Shetye SS, Nandakumar K, Kurian S, Gauns M, Shenoy DM, Naik H, Vidya PJ, Karapurkar SG. Organic carbon dynamics in the continental shelf waters of the eastern Arabian Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:716. [PMID: 36048260 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal and spatial distribution of total organic carbon (TOC) is presented for the coastal waters of the eastern Arabian Sea, which experiences seasonal suboxia during the late southwest monsoon (SWM). This study reveals that high TOC was observed off Kochi as compared to Goa and Mangalore transects, and may be attributed to stronger upwelling along the Kerala coast. This is also supported by the excess carbon due to upwelling during the late SWM that varied from 37 μM (Goa), 39 μM (Mangalore), to 51 μM (Kochi). Our seasonal data from 2014 to 2020 at the Goa transect indicates that high TOC is seen during late SWM to fall inter monsoon (FIM) and between the late northeast monsoon (NEM) to the early spring inter monsoon (SIM). The high TOC concentrations and C/N ratios observed during the FIM are a combination of high primary production, the buildup of remnant organic matter from the previous season (due to prevailing low oxygen conditions), accumulation of refractory organic carbon, and release from diatoms (especially Chaetoceros sp.). Inter-annual variations indicate that phytoplankton blooms resulted in higher TOC concentrations, especially during the year 2020. Based on a comparison with an Elnino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) year (2015), we can infer that the partitioning of carbon may increase from particulate to dissolved phase in future warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas S Shetye
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula-403 004, Goa, India.
| | - K Nandakumar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula-403 004, Goa, India
| | - Siby Kurian
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula-403 004, Goa, India
| | - Mangesh Gauns
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula-403 004, Goa, India
| | - Damodar M Shenoy
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula-403 004, Goa, India
| | - Hema Naik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula-403 004, Goa, India
| | - P J Vidya
- National Centre for Polar & Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Goa-8403 804, Goa, India
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Li Z, Ma C, Sun Y, Lu X, Fan Y. Ecological health evaluation of rivers based on phytoplankton biological integrity index and water quality index on the impact of anthropogenic pollution: A case of Ashi River Basin. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:942205. [PMID: 36090089 PMCID: PMC9459119 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.942205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the phytoplankton community matrices in the Ashi River Basin (ASRB), Harbin city, we developed an evaluation method using the phytoplankton index of biotic integrity (P-IBI) to evaluate ecological health while investigating the response of P-IBI to anthropogenic activities. We compared the effectiveness of P-IBI with that of the water quality index (WQI) in assessing ecological health. Between April and October 2019, phytoplankton and water samples were collected at 17 sampling sites in the ASRB on a seasonal basis. Our results showed that seven phyla were identified, comprising 137 phytoplankton species. From a pool of 35 candidate indices, five critical ecological indices (Shannon–Wiener index, total biomass, percentage of motile diatoms, percentage of stipitate diatom, and diatom quotient) were selected to evaluate the biological integrity of phytoplankton in the ASRB. The ecological status of the ASRB as measured by the P-IBI and WQI exhibited a similar spatial pattern. It showed a spatial decline in ecological status in accordance with the flow of the river. These results highlighted that P-IBI was a reliable tool to indicate the interaction between habitat conditions and environmental factors in the ASRB. Our findings contribute to the ecological monitoring and protection of rivers impacted by anthropogenic pollution.
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Mallick SP, Mallick Z, Mayer BK. Meta-analysis of the prevalence of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in water and wastewater and review of DON removal and recovery strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154476. [PMID: 35276173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most wastewater removal and recovery processes primarily target dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) species, leaving the untreated non-reactive dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the effluent. This DON fraction can account for a substantial part of the total nitrogen (N) load. We analyzed large datasets of N species and concentrations (with a focus on quantifying the fraction of DON) in surface water, ground water, and wastewater effluent across the United States. We then reviewed strategies to remove and recover DON based on results of a range of treatment technologies reported in the literature, including laboratory-scale up to full-scale operation in wastewater treatment plants. Our meta-analysis showed that DON concentrations are greatest in wastewater effluent followed by surface water and groundwater. The concentration of DON in wastewater effluent varied from 0.01 to 10.9 mg N/L (number of data points, n = 163), where the range in surface water was 0.002 to 14.3 mg N/L (n = 11,803). Organic N accounted for the majority of total N in 12.3% of wastewater effluent samples and 49.1% of surface waters. Our literature review showed that currently available wastewater treatment processes do not efficiently target DON removal nor recovery of the DON as a valuable product. One potential DON removal and recovery strategy is transforming DON into DIN, which is generally more easily removed and recovered. Transformation strategies reported in the literature include ozonation, UV/H2O2, and electrooxidation. However, as advanced oxidation processes are often energy- and cost-intensive, further research is needed to improve DON removal and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synthia P Mallick
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Zayed Mallick
- Department of Environmental Science & Management, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh.
| | - Brooke K Mayer
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
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Shetye SS, Bandekar M, Nandakumar K, Kurian S, Gauns M, Jawak S, Pratihary A, Elangovan SS, Naik BR, Lakshmi S, Aswathi VK. Sea foam-associated pathogenic bacteria along the west coast of India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:27. [PMID: 33389180 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities release effluents containing nutrients and pathogenic bacteria that change the characteristics of coastal ecosystems. An important type of marine pollution which has occurred in 3 different states in India during 2019 is sea foam. Sea foam was found on Hole beach, Goa (Lat: 15.404° N, Long: 73.787° E), where nutrients (NO3- = 137 μM and organic nitrogen = 121 μM) from a garbage dumpyard are released directly via streams/gutters to coastal waters. This resulted in a bloom of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, associated with high concentration of total organic carbon and fucoxanthin. Decay of this bloom along with strong agitation due to rocks and wave action resulted in sea foam. We isolated foam-associated bacteria and identified pathogenic bacteria including Enterobacter cancerogenus through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Such foam-associated pathogenic bacteria, could be antibiotic resistant, and may have adverse effects on human health. This can also hamper the tourism industry of a small state like Goa that relies heavily on tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas S Shetye
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India.
| | - Mandar Bandekar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | | | - Siby Kurian
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Mangesh Gauns
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Shridhar Jawak
- Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS), SIOS Knowledge Centre, Svalbard Science Centre, P.O. Box 156, N-9171, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
| | - Anil Pratihary
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - S Sai Elangovan
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Bhagyashri R Naik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Sethu Lakshmi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - V K Aswathi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
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