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Girones L, Adaro ME, Pozo K, Baini M, Panti C, Fossi MC, Marcovecchio JE, Ronda AC, Arias AH. Spatial distribution and characteristics of plastic pollution in the salt marshes of Bahía Blanca Estuary, Argentina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169199. [PMID: 38070560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This study delves into the magnitude and attributes of plastic pollution in the salt marshes of the Bahía Blanca Estuary, Argentina, with a specific focus on its spatial distribution. The investigation included the evaluation of microplastics (1-5 mm), mesoplastics (5-25 mm) and macroplastics (25-100 mm), discovering elevated levels along the high salt marsh strandline compared to low salt marsh and mudflat areas. Notably, the abundance of plastic reached staggering levels, reaching up to 20,060 items/m2 in the vicinity of an illegal dumpsite. Microplastics, particularly in the 2-4 mm range, were dominant, and the main plastic components were high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). Plastic films emerged as the predominant plastic type, while the presence of pellets hinted at potential sources such as illegal dumping and port-related activities. This contamination could be largely attributed to inappropriate waste management practices and urban runoff, which pose a substantial ecological threat to these ecosystems. Urgent remedial action is essential to protect these marshes, underscoring the critical need for comprehensive wetland management and educational initiatives to ensure their long-term sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lautaro Girones
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Maria Eugenia Adaro
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Karla Pozo
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Lientur 1457, 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Jorge Eduardo Marcovecchio
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Universidad de la Fraternidad de Agrupaciones Santo Tomás de Aquino, Gascón 3145, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - FRBB, 11 de Abril 445, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (ANCEFN), Av. Alvear 1711, 1014 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana Carolina Ronda
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Andres Hugo Arias
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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2
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Thornton Hampton LM, De Frond H, Gesulga K, Kotar S, Lao W, Matuch C, Weisberg SB, Wong CS, Brander S, Christansen S, Cook CR, Du F, Ghosal S, Gray AB, Hankett J, Helm PA, Ho KT, Kefela T, Lattin G, Lusher A, Mai L, McNeish RE, Mina O, Minor EC, Primpke S, Rickabaugh K, Renick VC, Singh S, van Bavel B, Vollnhals F, Rochman CM. The influence of complex matrices on method performance in extracting and monitoring for microplastics. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 334:138875. [PMID: 37187379 PMCID: PMC10441247 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have evaluated method performance for quantifying and characterizing microplastics in clean water, but little is known about the efficacy of procedures used to extract microplastics from complex matrices. Here we provided 15 laboratories with samples representing four matrices (i.e., drinking water, fish tissue, sediment, and surface water) each spiked with a known number of microplastic particles spanning a variety of polymers, morphologies, colors, and sizes. Percent recovery (i.e., accuracy) in complex matrices was particle size dependent, with ∼60-70% recovery for particles >212 μm, but as little as 2% recovery for particles <20 μm. Extraction from sediment was most problematic, with recoveries reduced by at least one-third relative to drinking water. Though accuracy was low, the extraction procedures had no observed effect on precision or chemical identification using spectroscopy. Extraction procedures greatly increased sample processing times for all matrices with the extraction of sediment, tissue, and surface water taking approximately 16, 9, and 4 times longer than drinking water, respectively. Overall, our findings indicate that increasing accuracy and reducing sample processing times present the greatest opportunities for method improvement rather than particle identification and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah De Frond
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Room 3055, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Kristine Gesulga
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Syd Kotar
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Wenjian Lao
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Cindy Matuch
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Stephen B Weisberg
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Charles S Wong
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Susanne Brander
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, And Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
| | - Silke Christansen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramics Technology and Systems (IKTS), Äußere Nürnberger Str. 62, 91301, Forchheim, Germany; Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy (INAM), Äußere Nürnberger Str. 62, 91301, Forchheim, Germany
| | - Cayla R Cook
- Hazen and Sawyer, 1400 East Southern Ave., Tempe, AZ, 85282, USA; Carollo Engineers, 4600 E Washington St Ste 500, Phoenix, AZ, 85034, USA
| | - Fangni Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Sutapa Ghosal
- Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA
| | - Andrew B Gray
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jeanne Hankett
- BASF Corporation, 1609 Biddle Ave., Wyandotte, MI, 48192, USA
| | - Paul A Helm
- Environmental Monitoring & Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M9P 3V6
| | - Kay T Ho
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Timnit Kefela
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California Santa Barbara, 2400 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Lattin
- The Moore Institute for Plastic Pollution Research, Long Beach, CA, 90803, USA
| | - Amy Lusher
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lei Mai
- Center for Environmental Microplastics Studies, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Rachel E McNeish
- Department of Biology, California State University Bakersfield, 9001 Stockdale Hwy, Bakersfield, CA, 93311, USA
| | - Odette Mina
- The Energy and Environmental Sustainability Laboratories, The Pennsylvania State University, 123 Land and Water Research Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Minor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth, 2205 East 5th St, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Sebastian Primpke
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, D-27498, Helgoland, Germany
| | | | - Violet C Renick
- Orange County Sanitation District, 10844 Ellis Ave, Fountain Valley, CA, 92708, USA
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | | | - Florian Vollnhals
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Correlative Microscopy (INAM), Äußere Nürnberger Str. 62, 91301, Forchheim, Germany
| | - Chelsea M Rochman
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Room 3055, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
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3
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More SL, Miller JV, Thornton SA, Chan K, Barber TR, Unice KM. Refinement of a microfurnace pyrolysis-GC-MS method for quantification of tire and road wear particles (TRWP) in sediment and solid matrices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162305. [PMID: 36801409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) are produced by abrasion at the interface of the pavement and tread surface and contain tread rubber with road mineral encrustations. Quantitative thermoanalytical methods capable of estimating TRWP concentrations are needed to assess the prevalence and environmental fate of these particles. However, the presence of complex organic constituents in sediment and other environmental samples presents a challenge to the reliable determination of TRWP concentrations using current pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) methodologies. We are unaware of a published study evaluating pretreatment and other method refinements for microfurnace Py-GC-MS analysis of the elastomeric polymers in TRWP including polymer-specific deuterated internal standards as specified in ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) 20593:2017 and ISO/TS 21396:2017. Thus, potential method refinements were evaluated for microfurnace Py-GC-MS, including chromatography parameter modification, chemical pretreatment, and thermal desorption for cryogenically-milled tire tread (CMTT) samples in an artificial sediment matrix and a sediment field sample. The tire tread dimer markers used for quantification were 4-vinylcyclohexene (4-VCH), a marker for styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and butadiene rubber (BR), 4-phenylcyclohexene (4-PCH), a marker for SBR, and dipentene (DP), a marker for natural rubber (NR) or isoprene. The resultant modifications included optimization of GC temperature and mass analyzer settings, along with sample pretreatment with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and thermal desorption. Peak resolution was improved while minimizing matrix interferences with overall accuracy and precision consistent with those typically observed in environmental sample analysis. The initial method detection limit for an artificial sediment matrix was approximately 180 mg/kg for a 10 mg sediment sample. A sediment and a retained suspended solids sample were also analyzed to illustrate the applicability of microfurnace Py-GC-MS towards complex environmental sample analysis. These refinements should help encourage the adoption of pyrolysis techniques for mass-based measurements of TRWP in environmental samples both near and distant from roadways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlee L More
- Stantec (ChemRisk), Portland, OR, United States of America.
| | - Julie V Miller
- Stantec (ChemRisk), Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Kathy Chan
- Stantec (ChemRisk), Arlington, VA, United States of America
| | - Timothy R Barber
- Environmental Resources Management, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Kenneth M Unice
- Stantec (ChemRisk), Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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4
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Langknecht T, Lao W, Wong CS, Kotar S, El Khatib D, Robinson S, Burgess RM, Ho KT. Comparison of two procedures for microplastics analysis in sediments based on an interlaboratory exercise. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137479. [PMID: 36513195 PMCID: PMC9839611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are distributed throughout ecosystems and settle into sediments where they may threaten benthic communities; however, methods for quantifying MP in sediments have not been standardized. This study compares two methods for analyzing MP in sediments, including extraction and identification, and provides recommendations for improvement. Two laboratories processed sediment samples using two methods, referred to as "core" and "augmentation", and identified particles with visual microscopy and spectroscopy. Using visual microscopy, the augmentation method yielded mean recoveries (78%) significantly greater than the core (47%) (p = 0.03), likely due to the use of separatory funnels in the former. Spectroscopic recovery of particles was lower at 42 and 54% for the core and augmentation methods, respectively. We suspect the visual identification recoveries are overestimations from erroneous identification of non-plastic materials persisting post-extraction, indicating visual identification alone is not an accurate method to identify MP, particularly in complex matrices like sediment. However, both Raman and FTIR proved highly accurate at identifying recovered MP, with 96.7% and 99.8% accuracy, respectively. Low spectroscopic recovery of spiked particles indicates that MP recovery from sediments is lower than previously assumed, and MP may be more abundant in sediments than current analyses suggest. To our knowledge, likely due to the excessive time/labor-intensity associated with MP analyses, this is the first interlaboratory study to quantify complete method performance (extraction, identification) for sediments, with regards to capabilities and limitations. This is essential as regulatory bodies move toward long-term environmental MP monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Langknecht
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, C/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA.
| | - Wenjian Lao
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Charles S Wong
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Syd Kotar
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Dounia El Khatib
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, C/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Sandra Robinson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Robert M Burgess
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Kay T Ho
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD/CEMM Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
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5
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Bäuerlein PS, Erich MW, van Loon WMGM, Mintenig SM, Koelmans AA. A monitoring and data analysis method for microplastics in marine sediments. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 183:105804. [PMID: 36410161 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, policy frameworks demand the monitoring of microplastics in marine sediments. Here we provide a monitoring and data analysis method for microplastic particles designed to be used in the context of Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and OSPAR policy frameworks. Microplastics were analysed in marine sediments at four different locations in Dutch coastal and transitional waters using replicate sampling to investigate micro-spatial variation. Particle size distribution followed a power law with slope 3.76. Thirteen polymers were identified, with their composition varying between sediments near densely populated West coast areas versus the more rural Wadden Sea area. We quantify differences in the micro-spatial variation of microplastic concentrations between locations using the relative standard error of the mean (RSEM). This metric provides an opportunity to optimize the sensitivity of trend detection in microplastic monitoring networks by selecting locations with relatively low micro-spatial variation. We provide a method to optimize the number of replicate samples for a given location using its relationship with the RSEM. Two replicate samples appear to be cost-effective for relatively homogenous locations, whereas more heterogenous locations require four replicates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Willem M G M van Loon
- Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Svenja M Mintenig
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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6
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Romano E, Bergamin L, Di Bella L, Baini M, Berto D, D'Ambrosi A, Di Fazio M, Galli M, Medeghini L, Panti C, Provenzani C, Rampazzo F, Fossi MC. First record of microplastic in the environmental matrices of a Mediterranean marine cave (Bue Marino, Sardinia, Italy). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114452. [PMID: 36473244 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates for the first time the presence of microplastics in sediment, water, and benthic organisms (foraminifera) of a marine cave in the Gulf of Orosei (Sardinia, Italy). Microplastics were found in all water, and sediment samples with similar shapes, sizes, and compositions; identified items were mainly fragments and fibers constituted by PVC and polyethylene. Their provenance was supposed to be predominantly from the sea than from the seasonal freshwater supplies from the karst system. Foraminiferal assemblages were mainly constituted by calcareous hyaline taxa in the outer station, while in the inner ones, the agglutinated Eggerelloides advenus was dominant. FTIR analyses on agglutinated shells identified polyethylene. Microplastic items are collected by the foraminifers and sediment grains building the shell chambers. This is the first study providing evidence that marine caves may be collectors of microplastics and that, in these habitats, microplastics enter the biotic matrix at the protist's level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Romano
- ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Bergamin
- ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Di Bella
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Department of Earth Science, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Baini
- University of Siena, Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Berto
- ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Melania Di Fazio
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Department of Earth Science, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Galli
- University of Siena, Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Medeghini
- Sapienza, University of Rome, Department of Earth Science, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Panti
- University of Siena, Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Federico Rampazzo
- ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- University of Siena, Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, Siena, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
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7
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Viitala M, Steinmetz Z, Sillanpää M, Mänttäri M, Sillanpää M. Historical and current occurrence of microplastics in water and sediment of a Finnish lake affected by WWTP effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120298. [PMID: 36181939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Only scarce information is available about the abundance of microplastics (MPs) in Nordic lakes. In this study, the occurrence, types, and distribution of MPs were assessed based on the lake water and sediment samples collected from a sub-basin of Lake Saimaa, Finland. The main goal was to estimate the possible effect of the local wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on the abundance of MPs in different compartments of the recipient lake area. Collected bottom sediment samples were Cs-137 dated and the chronological structure was utilized to relate the concentrations of MPs to their sedimentation years. Raman microspectroscopy was used for the MPs' identification from both sample matrices. In addition, MPs consisting of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) were quantified from lake water samples by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to provide a complementary assessment of MPs based on two different analysis methods, which provide different metrics of the abundance of microplastics. MPs concentrations were highest in sediment samples closest to the discharge site of WWTP effluents (4400 ± 620 n/kg dw) compared to other sites. However, such a trend was not found in lake water samples (0.7 ± 0.1 n/L). Overall, microplastic fibers were relatively more abundant in sediment (70%) than in water (40%), and the majority of detected microplastic fibers were identified as polyester. This indicates that a part of textile fibers passing the WWTP processes accumulate in the sediment close to the discharge site. In addition, the abundance of MPs was revealed to have increased slightly during the last 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirka Viitala
- Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT, School of Engineering Science, Department of Separation Science, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - Zacharias Steinmetz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraβe 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Mika Mänttäri
- Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT, School of Engineering Science, Department of Separation Science, Yliopistonkatu 34, FI-53850, Lappeenranta, Finland.
| | - Markus Sillanpää
- Finnish Environment Institute, Laboratory Centre, Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland.
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8
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De Frond H, Thornton Hampton L, Kotar S, Gesulga K, Matuch C, Lao W, Weisberg SB, Wong CS, Rochman CM. Monitoring microplastics in drinking water: An interlaboratory study to inform effective methods for quantifying and characterizing microplastics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134282. [PMID: 35283150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
California Senate Bill 1422 requires the development of State-approved standardized methods for quantifying and characterizing microplastics in drinking water. Accordingly, we led an interlaboratory microplastic method evaluation study, with 22 participating laboratories from six countries, to evaluate the performance of widely used methods: sample extraction via filtering/sieving, optical microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Three spiked samples of simulated clean water and a laboratory blank were sent to each laboratory with a prescribed standard operating procedure for particle extraction, quantification, and characterization. The samples contained known amounts of microparticles within four size fractions (1-20 μm, 20-212 μm, 212-500 μm, >500 μm), four polymer types (PE, PS, PVC, and PET), and six colors (clear, white, green, blue, red, and orange). They also included false positives (natural hair, fibers, and shells) that may be mistaken for microplastics. Among laboratories, mean particle recovery using stereomicroscopy was 76% ± 10% (SE). For particles in the three largest size fractions, mean recovery was 92% ± 12% SD. On average, laboratory contamination from blank samples was 91 particles (± 141 SD). FTIR and Raman spectroscopy accurately identified microplastics by polymer type for 95% and 91% of particles analyzed, respectively. Per particle, FTIR spectroscopy required the longest time for analysis (12 min ± 9 SD). Participants demonstrated excellent recovery and chemical identification for particles greater than 50 μm in size, with opportunity for increased accuracy and precision through training and further method refinement. This work has informed methods and QA/QC for microplastics monitoring in drinking water in the State of California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah De Frond
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Room 3055, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Leah Thornton Hampton
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA.
| | - Syd Kotar
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA.
| | - Kristine Gesulga
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA.
| | - Cindy Matuch
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA.
| | - Wenjian Lao
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA.
| | - Stephen B Weisberg
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA.
| | - Charles S Wong
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA.
| | - Chelsea M Rochman
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Room 3055, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.
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9
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Galli M, Tepsich P, Baini M, Panti C, Rosso M, Vafeiadou A, Pantelidou M, Moulins A, Fossi MC. Microplastic abundance and biodiversity richness overlap: Identification of sensitive areas in the Western Ionian Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113550. [PMID: 35318169 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in the Mediterranean Sea has been widely reported, but its impact on biodiversity has not been fully explored. Simultaneous sampling of microplastics (MP) with a manta net and surveys of large marine vertebrates were conducted along the coastal waters of Sicily (Western Ionian Sea). A total of 17 neustonic samples have been collected and 17 marine species (cetaceans, sea turtles, seabirds, and fish) have been sighted in the target area. Kernel density estimation was evaluated to highlight a possible overlap between the presence of large marine fauna and MP densities to provide a preliminary risk assessment. The highest biodiversity and MP concentration (0.197 ± 0.130 items/m2) were observed in the southernmost part of the studied area. The overlap between biodiversity hotspots and the occurrence of MP, potential contribute to the identification of sensitive areas of exposure in a poorly studied region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Galli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Ariadni Vafeiadou
- CIMA Research Foundation, 17100, Savona, Italy; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Martha Pantelidou
- CIMA Research Foundation, 17100, Savona, Italy; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | | | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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10
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Gérigny O, Pedrotti ML, El Rakwe M, Brun M, Pavec M, Henry M, Mazeas F, Maury J, Garreau P, Galgani F. Characterization of floating microplastic contamination in the bay of Marseille (French Mediterranean Sea) and its impact on zooplankton and mussels. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113353. [PMID: 35121214 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) were sampled in three seasons from 2016 to 2018 in the Bay of Marseille, northwestern Mediterranean Sea, adjacent to a highly urbanized area. Six sites were selected according to their different characteristics (river mouth, treatment plants, protected marine area). Surface floating MPs were characterized (number, weight, typology and polymer) as was zooplankton. In addition, mussels were submerged and used to investigate ingestion. Finally, a hydrodynamic model was used to improve understanding of dispersion mechanisms. The annual averages of floating MPs values ranged from 39,217 to 514,817 items/km2. The MPs collected were mainly fragments principally composed of polyethylene and polypropylene. The mean abundance ratio (MPs/zooplankton) was 0.09. On average 87% of mussel pools were contaminated and ingested 18.73 items/100 g of flesh. Two hydrodynamic patterns were identified: the first retaining the MPs in the harbor, and the second dispersing them outside.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gérigny
- Ifremer, ODE/LITTORAL/LER-PAC, La Seine-sur-Mer, France.
| | - M-L Pedrotti
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Villefranche sur mer, France
| | | | - M Brun
- Ifremer, ODE/VIGIES, Nantes, France
| | - M Pavec
- Actimar, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - M Henry
- Ifremer, ODE/LITTORAL/LER-PAC, La Seine-sur-Mer, France
| | - F Mazeas
- Ifremer, REM/RDT/LDCM, Brest, France
| | - J Maury
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, UMR 7093, LOV, Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - P Garreau
- Ifremer, Univ. Brest, CNRS UMR 6523, IRD, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), IUEM, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - F Galgani
- Ifremer, ODE/LITTORAL/LER-PAC, La Seine-sur-Mer, France
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11
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Grause G, Kuniyasu Y, Chien MF, Inoue C. Separation of microplastic from soil by centrifugation and its application to agricultural soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132654. [PMID: 34718018 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing contamination of the environment with microplastic requires efficient methods for the separation and detection of these plastic particles. In this work, we present a protocol that uses Fenton oxidation to remove biological material, centrifugation to separate microplastics from soil, and Nile Red staining, fluorescence microscopy, and image processing to detect and quantify of microplastic. The main component of this work was the separation process using centrifugation. All the main polymers used in this work, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly (vinyl chloride), and poly (ethylene terephthalate), were efficiently recovered at more than 94 wt% from heat-altered soil using CaCl2 solution with a density of 1.4 g ml-1. The hydrophilicity of the polymer had a greater effect on the recovery than density. The protocol was then tested on agricultural soil sampled near a contaminated site. The number of microplastic particles was quantified, and the weight of microplastic in the soil was estimated. The highest contamination was observed near the hotspot at a distance of 1 m with 75✕103 particles kg-1, corresponding to a weight between 20 and 6 mg kg-1. The number of particles decreased logarithmically to 30✕103 particles kg-1 or 5 to 2 mg kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Grause
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-20 Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Yamato Kuniyasu
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-20 Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mei-Fang Chien
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-20 Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Chihiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-20 Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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12
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Constant M, Billon G, Breton N, Alary C. Extraction of microplastics from sediment matrices: Experimental comparative analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126571. [PMID: 34265648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are small (<5 mm) fragments of plastic debris that are ubiquitous in oceans and terrestrial ecosystems. Studies on microplastics in sediment and soil matrices are particularly challenging because of the need to separate the plastics from the sediments. We investigated the efficiencies of 18 combinations of six extracting solutions (ESs) (oil, water, oil-in-water, NaCl, oil-in-NaCl, and NaI) and three isolation methods (IMs) (hand stirring, centrifugation, and aeration) for fine and coarse sediments, with low and high density polymers. IMs did not affect the extraction efficiency. Except in case of oil, all ESs enabled good extraction (84 ± 17%) of light polymers (PE and PE-ABS). NaI presented the best extraction efficiency (71 ± 17%) for the densest polymers (PET, PES, and PA). For these ESs, fibers were extracted at a lower efficiency than pellets and fragments, and sediment gran size did not affect the extraction. For other ESs, mean extraction rates ranged from 5% to 48%. Overall, the extraction efficiencies were lower than those found in the literature, despite repeating the separation process three times. The collection of floating materials remained a problem, as plastics tended to adhere to the glass wall. Our work will help the comparability between previous and future monitoring results and the selection of the most suitable protocols for future studies. This work clearly demonstrates also that there is no robust protocol for extracting all types and forms of microplastics from fine sediments and that research efforts to arrive at a reliable method remain by taking account the interaction of MPs with other particles as well as the electrostatic properties of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel Constant
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Gabriel Billon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Noémie Breton
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claire Alary
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, Junia, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
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13
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Angiolillo M, Gérigny O, Valente T, Fabri MC, Tambute E, Rouanet E, Claro F, Tunesi L, Vissio A, Daniel B, Galgani F. Distribution of seafloor litter and its interaction with benthic organisms in deep waters of the Ligurian Sea (Northwestern Mediterranean). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147745. [PMID: 34134397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is one of the most polluted marine basins and currently serves as a hotspot for marine litter. The seafloor represents the ultimate sink for most litter worldwide. Nevertheless, the knowledge about litter distribution and its interactions with benthic organisms in deep water is poorly understood. In 2018, we investigated spatial patterns of macro- and micro-litter distribution, and their effects on benthic communities in the Ligurian Sea. An oceanographic survey was carried out with a remotely operated vehicle and a multibeam echosounder on seven seamounts and canyons, at depths ranging from 350 to 2200 m. High litter accumulations were discovered at the mouth of the Monaco canyon, where estimated densities of up to 3.8 × 104 items km-2 were found at 2200 m depth. The highest abundance of urban litter items was found on the soft substrate, at the bottom of the deeper parts of the submarine canyons, which seem to act as conduits carrying litter from the shelf towards deeper areas. In contrast, fishing-related items were most abundant in the upper layer of the seamounts (300-600 m depths). Furthermore, more than 10% of the observed deep gorgonian colonies were entangled by lost longlines, indicating the detrimental effects of this fishing gear on benthic habitats. The discovery of new litter hotspots and the evaluation of how deep-sea species interact with litter contribute to increasing the knowledge about litter distribution and its effects on the deep ecosystem of the Mediterranean basin. All the observations recorded in this study showed substantial and irreversible changes in the deep and remote areas of marine environments, and these changes were found to be caused by humans. Our findings further stress the need for urgent and specific measures for the management of deep-sea pollution and the reduction of litter inputs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Angiolillo
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati, 60, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Olivia Gérigny
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (Ifremer), Centre Méditerranée, Z.P. de Brégaillon, 83507, La Seyne-sur-Mer and Bastia, France
| | - Tommaso Valente
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati, 60, 00144 Rome, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marie-Claire Fabri
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (Ifremer), Centre Méditerranée, Z.P. de Brégaillon, 83507, La Seyne-sur-Mer and Bastia, France
| | - Eric Tambute
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint Martin, 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Elodie Rouanet
- GIS Posidonie, Aix-Marseille University, OSU Pytheas, campus universitaire de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Francoise Claro
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-UMS PATRINAT, CP41, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Tunesi
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati, 60, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Anne Vissio
- Secrétaire exécutif RAMOGE, Av. de l'Annonciade, 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Boris Daniel
- Agence française pour la biodiversité, rue de la République 26, Marseille, France
| | - François Galgani
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (Ifremer), Centre Méditerranée, Z.P. de Brégaillon, 83507, La Seyne-sur-Mer and Bastia, France
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14
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Bellasi A, Binda G, Pozzi A, Boldrocchi G, Bettinetti R. The extraction of microplastics from sediments: An overview of existing methods and the proposal of a new and green alternative. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130357. [PMID: 33823347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) contamination is an existing and concerning environmental issue. Plastic particles have been observed worldwide in every natural matrix, with water environments being the final sink of dispersed MPs. Microplastic distribution in water ecosystems varies as a function of multiple factors, including polymer properties (e.g., density and wettability) and environmental conditions (e.g., water currents and temperature). Because of the tendency of MPs to settle, sediment is known to be one of the most impacted environmental matrices. Despite the increasing awareness of their diffusion in sediments, a proper quantification of dispersed particles is still difficult, due to the lack of standard protocols, which avoid a proper comparison of different sites. This hampers the current knowledge on environmental implications and toxicological effects of MPs in sediments. In this work, we examined 49 studies carried out from 2004 to 2020 to describe the different extraction methods applied, and to highlight pros and cons, with the aim of evaluating the more promising protocols. Therefore, we evaluated each proposed method by considering precision, reproducibility, economic viability and greenness (in term of used reagents). Finally, we proposed a valid alternative procedure in term of reliability and costs, which can attract increasing interest for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bellasi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy.
| | - G Binda
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy.
| | - A Pozzi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy.
| | - G Boldrocchi
- Department of Human and Innovation for the Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy.
| | - R Bettinetti
- Department of Human and Innovation for the Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy.
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15
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Garcés-Ordóñez O, Espinosa LF, Costa Muniz M, Salles Pereira LB, Meigikos Dos Anjos R. Abundance, distribution, and characteristics of microplastics in coastal surface waters of the Colombian Caribbean and Pacific. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43431-43442. [PMID: 33830420 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has become a global concern due to its distribution, high abundance, and negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. These particles enter aquatic systems through the inadequate management of solid waste and wastewater generated from socioeconomic and domestic activities. In Colombia, about 65% of the solid waste generated in coastal populations is improperly managed and discharged into natural water bodies, contributing to microplastic pollution. The present study aimed to determine the abundances, distribution, and physical and chemical characteristics of microplastics in coastal surface waters of the Colombian Caribbean and Pacific. Samplings were carried out at 41 stations distributed across nine study areas during the rainy season of 2017, using a 500-μm mesh plankton net. The microplastic abundances ranged from 0.01 to 8.96 items m-3, with the coastal waters of the Caribbean areas being the most polluted. Microplastics with shapes of fragments, filaments, and foams, composed of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, were the most common. A baseline of microplastic pollution in Colombian coastal water was generated, which will serve to evaluate the effectiveness of the environmental measures implemented to significantly reduce this pollution type, within the sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ostin Garcés-Ordóñez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras "José Benito Vives de Andréis" -INVEMAR, Programa Calidad Ambiental Marina, Calle 25 No. 2-55 playa Salguero, Santa Marta, Colombia.
- Red de Vigilancia para la Conservación y Protección de las Aguas Marinas y Costeras de Colombia - REDCAM, Santa Marta, Colombia.
- Red de Investigación de los Estresores Marino Costeros de Latinoamérica y el Caribe - REMARCO, Santa Marta, Colombia.
| | - Luisa F Espinosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras "José Benito Vives de Andréis" -INVEMAR, Programa Calidad Ambiental Marina, Calle 25 No. 2-55 playa Salguero, Santa Marta, Colombia.
- Red de Vigilancia para la Conservación y Protección de las Aguas Marinas y Costeras de Colombia - REDCAM, Santa Marta, Colombia.
- Red de Investigación de los Estresores Marino Costeros de Latinoamérica y el Caribe - REMARCO, Santa Marta, Colombia.
| | - Marcelo Costa Muniz
- Red de Investigación de los Estresores Marino Costeros de Latinoamérica y el Caribe - REMARCO, Niterói, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Física, Laboratório de Radioecologia e Alterações Ambientais (LARA), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Larissa Borba Salles Pereira
- Red de Investigación de los Estresores Marino Costeros de Latinoamérica y el Caribe - REMARCO, Niterói, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Física, Laboratório de Radioecologia e Alterações Ambientais (LARA), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meigikos Dos Anjos
- Red de Investigación de los Estresores Marino Costeros de Latinoamérica y el Caribe - REMARCO, Santa Marta, Colombia
- Red de Investigación de los Estresores Marino Costeros de Latinoamérica y el Caribe - REMARCO, Niterói, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Física, Laboratório de Radioecologia e Alterações Ambientais (LARA), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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16
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Bank MS, Swarzenski PW, Duarte CM, Rillig MC, Koelmans AA, Metian M, Wright S, Provencher JF, Sanden M, Jordaan A, Wagner M, Thiel M, Ok YS. Global Plastic Pollution Observation System to Aid Policy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7770-7775. [PMID: 34027665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental challenges and has received commensurate widespread attention. Although it is a top priority for policymakers and scientists alike, the knowledge required to guide decisions, implement mitigation actions, and assess their outcomes remains inadequate. We argue that an integrated, global monitoring system for plastic pollution is needed to provide comprehensive, harmonized data for environmental, societal, and economic assessments. The initial focus on marine ecosystems has been expanded here to include atmospheric transport and terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. An earth-system-level plastic observation system is proposed as a hub for collecting and assessing the scale and impacts of plastic pollution across a wide array of particle sizes and ecosystems including air, land, water, and biota and to monitor progress toward ameliorating this problem. The proposed observation system strives to integrate new information and to identify pollution hotspots (i.e., production facilities, cities, roads, ports, etc.) and expands monitoring from marine environments to encompass all ecosystem types. Eventually, such a system will deliver knowledge to support public policy and corporate contributions to the relevant United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bank
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen 5005, Norway
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Peter W Swarzenski
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Principality of Monaco 98000, Monaco
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Biosciences Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Principality of Monaco 98000, Monaco
| | - Stephanie Wright
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Adrian Jordaan
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martin Thiel
- Facultad Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 5651, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo 5651, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo 5651, Chile
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) Sustainable Waste Management Program, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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17
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Tsangaris C, Panti C, Compa M, Pedà C, Digka N, Baini M, D'Alessandro M, Alomar C, Patsiou D, Giani D, Romeo T, Deudero S, Fossi MC. Interlaboratory comparison of microplastic extraction methods from marine biota tissues: A harmonization exercise of the Plastic Busters MPAs project. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:111992. [PMID: 33493856 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of the Plastic Busters MPAs project, a harmonization exercise on two methods of microplastic extraction from biological samples i.e. 15% H2O2 digestion and 10% KOH digestion was carried out. The two methods were tested in four laboratories on fish gastrointestinal tracts and mussel tissues spiked with polyethylene, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate. The recovery percentage of microplastics for each method, species and polymer tested were overall similar among laboratories, and interlaboratory coefficient of variation was less than 11% for the majority of samples. Microplastic recovery rates for the two methods were similar for each sample tested, but overall mean interlaboratory recovery rate using KOH (96.67%) was higher than H2O2 (88.75%). Results validate the use of both methods for extracting microplastics from biota tissues. However, when comparing the two methods in terms of microplastic recovery rate, time consumed, technical difficulties and cost, digestion with 10% KOH is considered optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Tsangaris
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km, Athinon-Souniou Ave., P.O. Box 712, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece.
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Montserrat Compa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Cristina Pedà
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), BIOCIT, via dei Mille 46, 98057 Milazzo, ME, Italy
| | - Nikoletta Digka
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km, Athinon-Souniou Ave., P.O. Box 712, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Michela D'Alessandro
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), BIOCIT, via dei Mille 46, 98057 Milazzo, ME, Italy
| | - Carme Alomar
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Danae Patsiou
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km, Athinon-Souniou Ave., P.O. Box 712, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Dario Giani
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Teresa Romeo
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), BIOCIT, via dei Mille 46, 98057 Milazzo, ME, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Sicily, Via dei Mille 46, 98057 Milazzo, ME, Italy
| | - Salud Deudero
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, Siena 53100, Italy
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Defontaine S, Sous D, Tesan J, Monperrus M, Lenoble V, Lanceleur L. Microplastics in a salt-wedge estuary: Vertical structure and tidal dynamics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111688. [PMID: 33181958 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and distribution of microplastics in estuaries have been barely documented, and generally without accounting for the vertical structure in the water column. This study presents the very first data on the occurrence and distribution of microplastics in the Adour Estuary, SW France. The experimental data set was complemented by numerical simulations to gain understanding of the behaviour of suspended microplastics. Microplastics were found throughout the water column with a mean abundance of 1.13 part/m3. Films and fragments were the most abundant types of particles collected. Numerical simulations demonstrated that vertical distribution of microplastics in the water column is highly dependent on particle characteristics and on the local hydrodynamics. The main trend is that neutrally-buoyant microplastics are easily flushed out while heavier microplastics are prone to entrapment in the estuary, in particular under low discharge conditions. The present study suggest that estuaries could be a sink of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Defontaine
- CNRS/Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications de Pau - Fédération MIRA, UMR5142, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Damien Sous
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), La Garde, France; Univ. Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Electrique (SIAME) - MIRA, EA4581, 64600 Anglet, France.
| | - Javier Tesan
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), La Garde, France
| | - Mathilde Monperrus
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Anglet, France
| | - Véronique Lenoble
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), La Garde, France
| | - Laurent Lanceleur
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Anglet, France
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Wyer H, Polhemus D, Moore S, Weisberg SB, Coffin S, Rochman CM. Steps Scientists Can Take to Inform Aquatic Microplastics Management: A Perspective Informed by the California Experience. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:971-975. [PMID: 32662278 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820946033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that microplastic particles are pervasive and potentially of great risk to both animal and human health. The California legislature has responded to this information by enacting two new bills that require quantification of microplastics in various media and development of new management strategies to address microplastic pollution. However, there are several scientific gaps that impede the development and implementation of necessary management strategies to address microplastic pollution. In this paper, we use the California experience as a case study to provide perspective on those science gaps, the current barriers to science affecting management, and the actions scientists can take to best ensure their efforts are of greatest value to policymakers and the management community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Wyer
- California Ocean Protection Council, Sacramento, USA
| | - Darrin Polhemus
- California State Water Resources Control Board-Division of Drinking Water, Sacramento, USA
| | - Shelly Moore
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, USA
| | - Stephen B Weisberg
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, USA
| | - Scott Coffin
- California State Water Resources Control Board-Division of Drinking Water, Sacramento, USA
| | - Chelsea M Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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