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Mead TJ, Bhutada S, Foulcer SJ, Peruzzi N, Nelson CM, Seifert DE, Larkin J, Tran-Lundmark K, Filmus J, Apte SS. Combined genetic-pharmacologic inactivation of tightly linked ADAMTS proteases in temporally specific windows uncovers distinct roles for versican proteolysis and glypican-6 in cardiac development. Matrix Biol 2024; 131:1-16. [PMID: 38750698 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix remodeling mechanisms are understudied in cardiac development and congenital heart defects. We show that matrix-degrading metalloproteases ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5, are extensively co-expressed during mouse cardiac development. The mouse mutants of each gene have mild cardiac anomalies, however, their combined genetic inactivation to elicit cooperative roles is precluded by tight gene linkage. Therefore, we coupled Adamts1 inactivation with pharmacologic ADAMTS5 blockade to uncover stage-specific cooperative roles and investigated their potential substrates in mouse cardiac development. ADAMTS5 blockade was achieved in Adamts1 null mouse embryos using an activity-blocking monoclonal antibody during distinct developmental windows spanning myocardial compaction or cardiac septation and outflow tract rotation. Synchrotron imaging, RNA in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy were used to determine the impact on cardiac development and compared to Gpc6 and ADAMTS-cleavage resistant versican mutants. Mass spectrometry-based N-terminomics was used to seek relevant substrates. Combined inactivation of ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5 prior to 12.5 days of gestation led to dramatic accumulation of versican-rich cardiac jelly and inhibited formation of compact and trabecular myocardium, which was also observed in mice with ADAMTS cleavage-resistant versican. Combined inactivation after 12.5 days impaired outflow tract development and ventricular septal closure, generating a tetralogy of Fallot-like defect. N-terminomics of combined ADAMTS knockout and control hearts identified a cleaved glypican-6 peptide only in the controls. ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5 expression in cells was associated with specific glypican-6 cleavages. Paradoxically, combined ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5 inactivation reduced cardiac glypican-6 and outflow tract Gpc6 transcription. Notably, Gpc6-/- hearts demonstrated similar rotational defects as combined ADAMTS inactivated hearts and both had reduced hedgehog signaling. Thus, versican proteolysis in cardiac jelly at the canonical Glu441-Ala442 site is cooperatively mediated by ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5 and required for proper ventricular cardiomyogenesis, whereas, reduced glypican-6 after combined ADAMTS inactivation impairs hedgehog signaling, leading to outflow tract malrotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Mead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Sumit Bhutada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Simon J Foulcer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Niccolò Peruzzi
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine Lund University and The Pediatric Heart Center, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Courtney M Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Deborah E Seifert
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Karin Tran-Lundmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine Lund University and The Pediatric Heart Center, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jorge Filmus
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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2
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Papadas A, Huang Y, Cicala A, Dou Y, Fields M, Gibbons A, Hong D, Lagal DJ, Quintana V, Rizo A, Zomalan B, Asimakopoulos F. Emerging roles for tumor stroma in antigen presentation and anti-cancer immunity. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:2017-2028. [PMID: 38031753 PMCID: PMC10754280 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in immunotherapy in the last decade have revolutionized treatment paradigms across multiple cancer diagnoses. However, only a minority of patients derive durable benefit and progress with traditional approaches, such as cancer vaccines, remains unsatisfactory. A key to overcoming these barriers resides with a deeper understanding of tumor antigen presentation and the complex and dynamic heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Reminiscent of the 'second touch' hypothesis proposed by Klaus Ley for CD4+ T cell differentiation, the acquisition of full effector potential by lymph node- primed CD8+ T cells requires a second round of co-stimulation at the site where the antigen originated, i.e. the tumor bed. The tumor stroma holds a prime role in this process by hosting specialized APC niches, apparently distinct from tertiary lymphoid structures, that support second antigenic touch encounters and CD8+ T cell effector proliferation and differentiation. We propose that APC within second-touch niches become licensed for co-stimulation through stromal-derived instructive signals emulating embryonic or wound-healing provisional matrix remodeling. These immunostimulatory roles of stroma contrast with its widely accepted view as a physical and functional 'immune barrier'. Stromal control of antigen presentation makes evolutionary sense as the host stroma-tumor interface constitutes the prime line of homeostatic 'defense' against the emerging tumor. In this review, we outline how stroma-derived signals and cells regulate tumor antigen presentation and T-cell effector differentiation in the tumor bed. The re-definition of tumor stroma as immune rheostat rather than as inflexible immune barrier harbors significant untapped therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Papadas
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Yun Huang
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Alexander Cicala
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Yaling Dou
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Matteo Fields
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alicia Gibbons
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Duncan Hong
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Daniel J. Lagal
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Victoria Quintana
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Alejandro Rizo
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Brolyn Zomalan
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
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Nandadasa S, Martin D, Deshpande G, Robert KL, Stack MS, Itoh Y, Apte SS. Degradomic Identification of Membrane Type 1-Matrix Metalloproteinase as an ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 Substrate. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100566. [PMID: 37169079 PMCID: PMC10267602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted metalloproteases ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 are implicated in extracellular matrix proteolysis and primary cilium biogenesis. Here, we show that clonal gene-edited RPE-1 cells in which ADAMTS9 was inactivated, and which constitutively lack ADAMTS20 expression, have morphologic characteristics distinct from parental RPE-1 cells. To investigate underlying proteolytic mechanisms, a quantitative terminomics method, terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates was used to compare the parental and gene-edited RPE-1 cells and their medium to identify ADAMTS9 substrates. Among differentially abundant neo-amino (N) terminal peptides arising from secreted and transmembrane proteins, a peptide with lower abundance in the medium of gene-edited cells suggested cleavage at the Tyr314-Gly315 bond in the ectodomain of the transmembrane metalloprotease membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), whose mRNA was also reduced in gene-edited cells. This cleavage, occurring in the MT1-MMP hinge, that is, between the catalytic and hemopexin domains, was orthogonally validated both by lack of an MT1-MMP catalytic domain fragment in the medium of gene-edited cells and restoration of its release from the cell surface by reexpression of ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 and was dependent on hinge O-glycosylation. A C-terminally semitryptic MT1-MMP peptide with greater abundance in WT RPE-1 medium identified a second ADAMTS9 cleavage site in the MT1-MMP hemopexin domain. Consistent with greater retention of MT1-MMP on the surface of gene-edited cells, pro-MMP2 activation, which requires cell surface MT1-MMP, was increased. MT1-MMP knockdown in gene-edited ADAMTS9/20-deficient cells restored focal adhesions but not ciliogenesis. The findings expand the web of interacting proteases at the cell surface, suggest a role for ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 in regulating cell surface activity of MT1-MMP, and indicate that MT1-MMP shedding does not underlie their observed requirement in ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeda Nandadasa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Daniel Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gauravi Deshpande
- Imaging Core Facility, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Karyn L Robert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Itoh
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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4
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Secreted protease ADAMTS18 in development and disease. Gene 2023; 858:147169. [PMID: 36632911 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ADAMTS18 was identified in 2002 as a member of the ADAMTS family of 19 secreted Zinc-dependent metalloproteinases. Prior to 2016, ADAMTS18 was known as a candidate gene associated with a wide range of pathologies, particularly various malignancies and eye disorders. However, functions and substrates of ADAMTS18 in normal conditions were unknown. Since 2016, with the development of Adamts18 knockout models, many studies had been conducted on the Adamts18 gene in vivo. These studies revealed that ADAMTS18 is essential for the morphology and organogenesis of several epithelial organs (e.g., lung, kidney, breast, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands), vascular and neuronal systems, adipose tissue, and reproductive tracts. In this review, we describe the current understanding of ADAMTS18 and its substrates and regulators. Limitations in translating new findings on ADAMTS18 to clinical practice are also discussed.
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Dupuis LE, Evins SE, Abell MC, Blakley ME, Horkey SL, Barth JL, Kern CB. Increased Proteoglycanases in Pulmonary Valves after Birth Correlate with Extracellular Matrix Maturation and Valve Sculpting. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:27. [PMID: 36661922 PMCID: PMC9865826 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased mechanical forces on developing cardiac valves drive formation of the highly organized extracellular matrix (ECM) providing tissue integrity and promoting cell behavior and signaling. However, the ability to investigate the response of cardiac valve cells to increased mechanical forces is challenging and remains poorly understood. The developmental window from birth (P0) to postnatal day 7 (P7) when biomechanical forces on the pulmonary valve (PV) are altered due to the initiation of blood flow to the lungs was evaluated in this study. Grossly enlarged PV, in mice deficient in the proteoglycan protease ADAMTS5, exhibited a transient phenotypic rescue from postnatal day 0 (P0) to P7; the Adamts5-/- aortic valves (AV) did not exhibit a phenotypic correction. We hypothesized that blood flow, initiated to the lungs at birth, alters mechanical load on the PV and promotes ECM maturation. In the Adamts5-/- PV, there was an increase in localization of the proteoglycan proteases ADAMTS1, MMP2, and MMP9 that correlated with reduced Versican (VCAN). At birth, Decorin (DCN), a Collagen I binding, small leucine-rich proteoglycan, exhibited complementary stratified localization to VCAN in the wild type at P0 but colocalized with VCAN in Adamts5-/- PV; concomitant with the phenotypic rescue at P7, the PVs in Adamts5-/- mice exhibited stratification of VCAN and DCN similar to wild type. This study indicates that increased mechanical forces on the PV at birth may activate ECM proteases to organize specialized ECM layers during cardiac valve maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christine B. Kern
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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6
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Mead TJ, Bhutada S, Martin DR, Apte SS. Proteolysis: a key post-translational modification regulating proteoglycans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C651-C665. [PMID: 35785985 PMCID: PMC9448339 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00215.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans are composite molecules comprising a protein backbone, i.e., the core protein, with covalently attached glycosaminoglycan chains of distinct chemical types. Most proteoglycans are secreted or attached to the cell membrane. Their specialized structures, binding properties, and biophysical attributes underlie diverse biological roles, which include modulation of tissue mechanics, cell adhesion, and the sequestration and regulated release of morphogens, growth factors, and cytokines. As an irreversible post-translational modification, proteolysis has a profound impact on proteoglycan function, abundance, and localization. Proteolysis is required for molecular maturation of some proteoglycans, clearance of extracellular matrix proteoglycans during tissue remodeling, generation of bioactive fragments from proteoglycans, and ectodomain shedding of cell-surface proteoglycans. Genetic evidence shows that proteoglycan core protein proteolysis is essential for diverse morphogenetic events during embryonic development. In contrast, dysregulated proteoglycan proteolysis contributes to osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and inflammation. Proteolytic fragments of perlecan, versican, aggrecan, brevican, collagen XVIII, and other proteoglycans are associated with independent biological activities as so-called matrikines. Yet, proteoglycan proteolysis has been investigated to only a limited extent to date. Here, we review the actions of proteases on proteoglycans and illustrate their functional impact with several examples. We discuss the applications and limitations of strategies used to define cleavage sites in proteoglycans and explain how proteoglycanome-wide proteolytic mapping, which is desirable to fully understand the impact of proteolysis on proteoglycans, can be facilitated by integrating classical proteoglycan isolation methods with mass spectrometry-based proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Mead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sumit Bhutada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel R Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
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7
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Papadas A, Deb G, Cicala A, Officer A, Hope C, Pagenkopf A, Flietner E, Morrow ZT, Emmerich P, Wiesner J, Arauz G, Bansal V, Esbona K, Capitini CM, Matkowskyj KA, Deming DA, Politi K, Abrams SI, Harismendy O, Asimakopoulos F. Stromal remodeling regulates dendritic cell abundance and activity in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111201. [PMID: 35977482 PMCID: PMC9402878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulatory type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) engage in productive interactions with CD8+ effectors along tumor-stroma boundaries. The paradoxical accumulation of “poised” cDC1s within stromal sheets is unlikely to simply reflect passive exclusion from tumor cores. Drawing parallels with embryonic morphogenesis, we hypothesized that invasive margin stromal remodeling generates developmentally conserved cell fate cues that regulate cDC1 behavior. We find that, in human T cell-inflamed tumors, CD8+ T cells penetrate tumor nests, whereas cDC1s are confined within adjacent stroma that recurrently displays site-specific proteolysis of the matrix proteoglycan versican (VCAN), an essential organ-sculpting modification in development. VCAN is necessary, and its proteolytic fragment (matrikine) versikine is sufficient for cDC1 accumulation. Versikine does not influence tumor-seeding pre-DC differentiation; rather, it orchestrates a distinctive cDC1 activation program conferring exquisite sensitivity to DNA sensing, supported by atypical innate lymphoid cells. Thus, peritumoral stroma mimicking embryonic provisional matrix remodeling regulates cDC1 abundance and activity to elicit T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironments. T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironments are a prerequisite for immunotherapy efficacy; however, why some tumors are inflamed and others not remains poorly understood. Papadas et al. link stromal reaction dynamics with T cell-induced inflammation. Peritumoral stroma emulating embryonic provisional matrix remodeling regulates cDC1-NK-CD8+ crosstalk to promote T cell repriming and penetration into tumor nests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Papadas
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gauri Deb
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Cicala
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam Officer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea Hope
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adam Pagenkopf
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Evan Flietner
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zachary T Morrow
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Philip Emmerich
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joshua Wiesner
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Garrett Arauz
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Varun Bansal
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karla Esbona
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christian M Capitini
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristina A Matkowskyj
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dustin A Deming
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katerina Politi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA.
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8
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Tang F, Brune JE, Chang MY, Reeves SR, Altemeier WA, Frevert CW. Defining the versican interactome in lung health and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C249-C276. [PMID: 35649251 PMCID: PMC9291419 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00162.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) imparts critical mechanical and biochemical information to cells in the lungs. Proteoglycans are essential constituents of the ECM and play a crucial role in controlling numerous biological processes, including regulating cellular phenotype and function. Versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan required for embryonic development, is almost absent from mature, healthy lungs and is reexpressed and accumulates in acute and chronic lung disease. Studies using genetically engineered mice show that the versican-enriched matrix can be pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on the cellular source or disease process studied. The mechanisms whereby versican develops a contextual ECM remain largely unknown. The primary goal of this review is to provide an overview of the interaction of versican with its many binding partners, the "versican interactome," and how through these interactions, versican is an integrator of complex extracellular information. Hopefully, the information provided in this review will be used to develop future studies to determine how versican and its binding partners can develop contextual ECMs that control select biological processes. Although this review focuses on versican and the lungs, what is described can be extended to other proteoglycans, tissues, and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Tang
- Center for Lung Biology, The University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jourdan E Brune
- Center for Lung Biology, The University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary Y Chang
- Center for Lung Biology, The University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - William A Altemeier
- Center for Lung Biology, The University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, The University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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9
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Mead TJ, Martin DR, Wang LW, Cain SA, Gulec C, Cahill E, Mauch J, Reinhardt D, Lo C, Baldock C, Apte SS. Proteolysis of fibrillin-2 microfibrils is essential for normal skeletal development. eLife 2022; 11:71142. [PMID: 35503090 PMCID: PMC9064305 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The embryonic extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes transition to mature ECM as development progresses, yet few mechanisms ensuring ECM proteostasis during this period are known. Fibrillin microfibrils are macromolecular ECM complexes serving structural and regulatory roles. In mice, Fbn1 and Fbn2, encoding the major microfibrillar components, are strongly expressed during embryogenesis, but fibrillin-1 is the major component observed in adult tissue microfibrils. Here, analysis of Adamts6 and Adamts10 mutant mouse embryos, lacking these homologous secreted metalloproteases individually and in combination, along with in vitro analysis of microfibrils, measurement of ADAMTS6-fibrillin affinities and N-terminomics discovery of ADAMTS6-cleaved sites, identifies a proteostatic mechanism contributing to postnatal fibrillin-2 reduction and fibrillin-1 dominance. The lack of ADAMTS6, alone and in combination with ADAMTS10 led to excess fibrillin-2 in perichondrium, with impaired skeletal development defined by a drastic reduction of aggrecan and cartilage link protein, impaired BMP signaling in cartilage, and increased GDF5 sequestration in fibrillin-2-rich tissue. Although ADAMTS6 cleaves fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2 as well as fibronectin, which provides the initial scaffold for microfibril assembly, primacy of the protease-substrate relationship between ADAMTS6 and fibrillin-2 was unequivocally established by reversal of the defects in Adamts6-/- embryos by genetic reduction of Fbn2, but not Fbn1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Mead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Daniel R Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Lauren W Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Stuart A Cain
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cagri Gulec
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Elisabeth Cahill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Joseph Mauch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Dieter Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cecilia Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Clair Baldock
- Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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10
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Islam S, Jahan N, Shahida A, Karnan S, Watanabe H. Accumulation of versican and lack of versikine ameliorate acute colitis. Matrix Biol 2022; 107:59-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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ADAM and ADAMTS disintegrin and metalloproteinases as major factors and molecular targets in vascular malfunction and disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 94:255-363. [PMID: 35659374 PMCID: PMC9231755 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) are two closely related families of proteolytic enzymes. ADAMs are largely membrane-bound enzymes that act as molecular scissors or sheddases of membrane-bound proteins, growth factors, cytokines, receptors and ligands, whereas ADAMTS are mainly secreted enzymes. ADAMs have a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin, cysteine-rich and transmembrane domain. Similarly, ADAMTS family members have a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin, and cysteine-rich domain, but instead of a transmembrane domain they have thrombospondin motifs. Most ADAMs and ADAMTS are activated by pro-protein convertases, and can be regulated by G-protein coupled receptor agonists, Ca2+ ionophores and protein kinase C. Activated ADAMs and ADAMTS participate in numerous vascular processes including angiogenesis, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, vascular cell apoptosis, cell survival, tissue repair, and wound healing. ADAMs and ADAMTS also play a role in vascular malfunction and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and vascular aneurysm. Decreased ADAMTS13 is involved in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and microangiopathies. The activity of ADAMs and ADAMTS can be regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and other synthetic small molecule inhibitors. ADAMs and ADAMTS can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and molecular targets in cardiovascular disease, and modulators of ADAMs and ADAMTS activity may provide potential new approaches for the management of cardiovascular disorders.
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12
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Martin DR, Santamaria S, Koch CD, Ahnström J, Apte SS. Identification of novel ADAMTS1, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 cleavage sites in versican using a label-free quantitative proteomics approach. J Proteomics 2021; 249:104358. [PMID: 34450332 PMCID: PMC8713443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan versican is important for embryonic development and several human disorders. The versican V1 splice isoform is widely expressed and cleaved by ADAMTS proteases at a well-characterized site, Glu441-Ala442. Since ADAMTS proteases cleave the homologous proteoglycan aggrecan at multiple sites, we hypothesized that additional cleavage sites existed within versican. We report a quantitative label-free approach that ranks abundance of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-identified semi-tryptic peptides after versican digestion by ADAMTS1, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 to identify site-specific cleavages. Recombinant purified versican V1 constructs were digested with the recombinant full-length proteases, using catalytically inactive mutant proteases in control digests. Semi-tryptic peptide abundance ratios determined by LC-MS/MS in ADAMTS:control digests were compared to the mean of all identified peptides to obtain a z-score by which outlier peptides were ranked, using semi-tryptic peptides identifying Glu441 -Ala442 cleavage as the benchmark. Tryptic peptides with higher abundance in control digests supported cleavage site identification. We identified several novel cleavage sites supporting the ADAMTS1/4/5 cleavage site preference for a P1-Glu residue in proteoglycan substrates. Digestion of proteins in vitro and application of this z-score approach is potentially widely applicable for mapping protease cleavage sites using label-free proteomics. SIGNIFICANCE: Versican abundance and turnover are relevant to the pathogenesis of several human disorders. Versican is cleaved by A Disintegrin-like And Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS) family members at Glu441-Ala442, generating a bioactive proteoform called versikine, but additional cleavage sites and the site-specificity of individual ADAMTS proteases is unexplored. Here, we used a label-free proteomics strategy to identify versican cleavage sites for 3 ADAMTS proteases, applying a novel z-score-based statistical approach to compare the protease digests of versican to controls (digests with inactive protease) using the known protease cleavage site as a benchmark. We identified 21 novel cleavage sites that had a comparable z-score to the benchmark. Given the functional significance of versikine, they represent potentially significant cleavages and helped to refine a substrate site preference for each protease.The z-score approach is potentially widely applicable for discovery of site-specific cleavages within an purified protein or small ensemble of proteins using any protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Salvatore Santamaria
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, 5th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Koch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Josefin Ahnström
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, 5th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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