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Wu M, Chen C, Lei H, Cao Z, Zhang C, Du R, Zhang C, Song Y, Qin M, Zhou J, Lu Y, Wang X, Zhang L. Dietary Isoquercetin Ameliorates Bone Loss via Restoration of the Gut Microbiota and Lipopolysaccharide-Triggered Inflammatory Status in Ovariectomy Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15981-15990. [PMID: 37852299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the skeletal degenerative diseases accompanied by bone loss and microstructure disruption. Given that the gut-bone signaling axis highly contributes to bone health, here, dietary isoquercetin (IQ) was shown to effectively improve postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) in an ovariectomy (OVX) mouse model through the modulation of the gut-bone cross-talk. An in vivo study showed that OVX induced striking disruption of the microbial community, subsequently causing gut leakage and gut barrier dysfunction. As a result, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered inflammatory cytokines released from the intestine to bone marrow were determined to be associated with bone loss in OVX mice. Long-term dietary IQ effectively improved microbial community and gut barrier function in the OVX mice and thus markedly improved bone loss and host inflammatory status by repressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. An in vitro study further revealed that IQ treatments dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced inflammation and partly promoted the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. These results provide new evidence that dietary IQ has the potential for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruichen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Golden Health (Guangdong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Foshan 528225, China
- Engineering Research Academy of High Value Utilization of Green Plants, Meizhou 514021, China
| | - Yujing Lu
- Golden Health (Guangdong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Foshan 528225, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wu M, Qin M, Wang X. Therapeutic effects of isoquercetin on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:20. [PMID: 37289308 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are non-hematopoietic multipotent stem cells capable of differentiating into mature cells. Isoquercetin, an extract from natural sources, has shown promise as a potential treatment for osteoporosis. To investigate the therapeutic effects of isoquercetin on osteoporosis, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured in vitro, and osteogenesis or adipogenesis was induced in the presence of isoquercetin for 14 days. We evaluated cell viability, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, as well as mRNA expression levels of Runx2, Alpl, and OCN in osteoblasts, and mRNA expression levels of Pparγ, Fabp4, and Cebpα in adipocytes. The results showed that isoquercetin dose-dependently increased cell viability and promoted osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by Alizarin Red and alkaline phosphatase staining and mRNA expression levels of Runx2, Alpl, and OCN in osteoblasts (P < 0.05). In contrast, isoquercetin inhibited adipogenic differentiation and decreased the mRNA expression levels of Pparγ, Fabp4, and Cebpα in adipocytes (P < 0.05). In vivo, isoquercetin treatment increased bone quantity and density in an osteoporosis model mice group, as determined by μCT scanning and immunohistochemistry (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that isoquercetin may have therapeutic potential for osteoporosis by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs towards osteoblasts while inhibiting adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Wu
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mengyu Qin
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Shankar P, Khandare AL, Validandi V, Khandare S. Supplementation of Calcium and Fluoride-Free Water Mitigates Skeletal Fluorosis in Fluoride-Intoxicated Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2225-2237. [PMID: 32770327 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorosis is a public health concern in 25 countries around the globe. The present study is about the mitigation of fluoride (F) toxicity by giving F-free water (FFW) and calcium (Ca). A study was conducted by taking 76 Wistar rats in two phases, phase I (6 months), where rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal-Ca diet (NCD) 0.5%; low-Ca diet (LCD) 0.25%; NCD + 100 ppm F and LCD + 100 ppm F in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. F and Ca were given through water and diet respectively. Phase II is the reversal of fluorosis for 3 months, where LCD group 2 was treated with NCD. Groups 3 and 4 were divided into two subgroups each: 3X and 3Y, and 4X and 4Y, respectively. Groups 3X and 4X received FFW with NCD. Group 3Y continued as phase I and 4Y NCD and F. The biochemical expression, gene expression, biomechanical properties and DXA were studied by standard methods. The results revealed that in phase I, bone turnover was significantly increased whereas bone mineral content and biomechanical properties of group 4 were significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) as compared with that of all other groups. Trabecular separation and total porosity increased in groups 2 and 4. Expression of osteocalcin, osteonectin and osteopontin genes was significantly downregulated in group 4. Bone turnover in group 4X was normalised. Expressions of osteocalcin, osteonectin and osteopontin were upregulated after providing NCD and FFW. In conclusion, low calcium aggravates skeletal fluorosis which could be mitigated on supplementation of Ca and FFW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Shankar
- Postgraduate Department of Home Science, Patna Women's College, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Arjun L Khandare
- Food Safety Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Vakdevi Validandi
- Food Safety Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sujata Khandare
- Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University-University Park, State College, PA, USA
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Lee KH, Kim JK, Yu JS, Jeong SY, Choi JH, Kim JC, Ko YJ, Kim SH, Kim KH. Ginkwanghols A and B, osteogenic coumaric acid-aliphatic alcohol hybrids from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:514-524. [PMID: 33929687 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae), commonly known as "ginkgo", is called a living fossil, and it has been cultivated early in human history for various uses in traditional medicine and as a source of food. As part of ongoing research to explore the chemical diversity and biologically active compounds from natural resources, two new coumaric acid-aliphatic alcohol hybrids, ginkwanghols A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the leaves of G. biloba. The coumaric acid-aliphatic alcohol hybrids of natural products have rarely been reported. The structures of the new compounds were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis, HRESI-MS, and quantum chemical ECD calculations, and by comparing the experimental HRESI-MS/MS spectrum of chemically transformed compound 1a with the predicted HRESI-MS/MS spectra proposed from CFM-ID 3.0, a software tool for MS/MS spectral prediction and MS-based compound identification. Ginkwanghols A (1) and B (2) increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production in C3H10T1/2, a mouse mesenchymal stem cell line, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ginkwanghols A and B mediated the promotion of osteogenic differentiation as indicated by the induction of the mRNA expression of the osteogenic markers ALP and osteopontin (OPN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Ho Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyu Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yun Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Choi
- Sungkyun Biotech Co., Ltd., Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Kim
- Sungkyun Biotech Co., Ltd., Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Kumar R, Mada SB, Reddi S, Kaur T, Kapila R, Kapila S. Comparative evaluation of the protective effects of cow, buffalo and goat milk in glucocorticoid‐induced bone alterations in mice. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Animal Biochemistry Division ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
| | - Sanusi Bello Mada
- Animal Biochemistry Division ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
- Department of Biochemistry Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Zaria Nigeria
| | - Srinu Reddi
- Animal Biochemistry Division ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
| | - Taruneet Kaur
- Animal Biochemistry Division ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
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Anachuna KK, Moke GE, Iyare C, Katchy N, Ben-Azu B, Adeniyi B, Nwogueze BC, Iyare E. Prenatal and early postnatal food restrictions cause changes in brain oxidative status and orexigenic/anorexigenic hormones in the offspring of rats: prevention by quercetin and kaempferol. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2020; 1:39-52. [PMID: 34909641 PMCID: PMC8663934 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2020.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain oxidative signaling pathways have been identified as important targets for alleviating food deprivation-induced changes in metabolic gate-ways. Previous studies have shown that prenatal and early postnatal malnutrition alters leptin and ghrelin signaling via oxidative pathways. Thus, it has been hypothesized that agents with antioxidant properties might be beneficial for the mitigation of prenatal and early postnatal food scarcity-induced oxidative damage. Quercetin and kaempferol are natural bioflavonoids with proven antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluated their effects on prenatal maternal food consumption, maternal and pup weights, biomarkers of orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones and oxidative stress in rats. Rats were allotted into different treatment groups (n = 6) in three different experiments (prenatal, postnatal food-deprivations or both). Prenatal-food restriction (PrNFR) was induced by 50% of ad libitum accessible diet during pregnancy till parturition and postnatal-food restriction (PsNFR) was simulated by litter-enlargement to 16 pups per mother from postnatal day (PND) 2. Rats in each experiment were concurrently treated with vehicle (10 mL/kg), quercetin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) or kaempferol (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) respectively. A third experimental group consisted of both protocols. Quercetin and kaempferol dose-dependently increased the body weights of pups exposed to PrNFR, PsNFR and PrNFR-PsNFR at PNDs 1–22 respectively. Both compounds increased maternal body weights but attenuated maternal food-intake at prenatal days 7 and 14 due by PrNFR. Quercetin and kaempferol reduced brain malondialdehyde concentrations and increased glutathione levels in PrNFR, PsNFR and PrNFR-PsNFR-exposed offspring of rats. Importantly, quercetin and kaempferol significantly (p < 0.05) prevented PrNFR-, PsNFR- or PrNFR-PsNFR-induced alterations in leptin and ghrelin levels. Cumulatively, quercetin and kaempferol increased pup and maternal weights and attenuated maternal food-intake of rats submitted to PrNFR, PsNFR and PrNFR-PsNFR respectively, likely via nutrigenomic modulations of orexigenic/anorexigenic hormones and inhibition of brain oxidative stress. PrNFR and PsNFR reduce maternal and fetal weights. Quercetine and kaempferol increase PrNFR and PsNFR-induced weight loss. Quercetine and kaempferol attenuate PrNFR and PsNFR-induced ghrelin alteration. Quercetine and kaempferol attenuate PrNFR and PsNFR-induced leptin alteration. Quercetine and kaempferol reduced PrNFR and PsNFR-induced brain oxidative stress.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance
- BMI, body mass index
- BPS, balano-preputal separation
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Food restriction
- Ghrelin
- KFAM, Kaempferol
- Kaempferol
- Leptin
- Oxidative stress
- PND, postnatal day
- PrNFR, Prenatal-food restriction
- PsNFR, postnatal-food restriction
- QCET, Quercetin
- Quercetin
- VO, vaginal opening
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Kelechi Anachuna
- Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria.,Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Goodies Emuesiri Moke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Cordilia Iyare
- Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Nkiru Katchy
- Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Boluwatife Adeniyi
- Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze
- Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Eghosa Iyare
- Reproductive and Developmental Programming Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
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Wang S, Lin H, Cong W. Chinese Medicines Improve Perimenopausal Symptoms Induced by Surgery, Chemoradiotherapy, or Endocrine Treatment for Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:174. [PMID: 30930771 PMCID: PMC6428993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and endocrine treatment successfully increases survival rates of breast cancer patients. However, perimenopausal symptoms, the main side effects of these treatments, often afflict patients and reduce their quality of life. Perimenopausal symptoms include vasomotor symptoms, sleep problems, arthromuscular symptoms, and osteoporosis. Currently, there are no satisfactory treatments for perimenopausal symptoms that result from these treatments. Therefore, alternative and complementary therapies including herbal medicines represented by Chinese medicines (CMs), acupuncture, massage, and psychotherapy are increasingly being expected and explored. In this paper, we review the effects and potentials of several CM formulae, along with some active ingredients or fractions from CMs, Chinese herbal extracts, and other herbal medicines, which have drawn attention for improving perimenopausal symptoms in breast cancer patients. We also elaborate their possible mechanisms. Moreover, further studies for evaluation of standardized clinical efficacy should be scientifically well-designed and continuously performed to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of CMs for perimenopausal symptoms due to breast cancer therapy. The safety and value of estrogen-containing CMs for breast cancer should also be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Oncology of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Cong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Imran M, Rauf A, Shah ZA, Saeed F, Imran A, Arshad MU, Ahmad B, Bawazeer S, Atif M, Peters DG, Mubarak MS. Chemo-preventive and therapeutic effect of the dietary flavonoid kaempferol: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2018; 33:263-275. [PMID: 30402931 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid present in several plants, possesses a wide range of therapeutic properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory. It has a significant role in reducing cancer and can act as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of diseases and ailments such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress, asthma, and microbial contamination disorders. Kaempferol acts through different mechanisms: It induces apoptosis (HeLa cervical cancer cells), decreases cell viability (G2/M phase), downregulates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT (protein kinase B) and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus-I (HTLV-I) signaling pathways, suppresses protein expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers including N-cadherin, E-cadherin, Slug, and Snail, and metastasis-related markers such as matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2). Accordingly, the aim of the present review is to collect information pertaining to the effective role of kaempferol against various degenerative disorders, summarize the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antiaging effects of kaempferol and to review the progress of recent research and available data on kaempferol as a protective and chemotherapeutic agent against several ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied and Health Sciences, The University of Lahore-Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi Anbar, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi Anbar, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Faculty of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Faculty of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Faculty of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Department of EMS. Paramedic, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dennis G Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Reddi S, Mada SB, Kumar N, Kumar R, Ahmad N, Karvande A, Kapila S, Kapila R, Trivedi R. Antiosteopenic Effect of Buffalo Milk Casein-Derived Peptide (NAVPITPTL) in Ovariectomized Rats. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Karvande A, Khan S, Khan I, Singh D, Khedgikar V, Kushwaha P, Ahmad N, Kothari P, Dhasmana A, Kant R, Trivedi R, Chauhan PMS. Discovery of a tetrazolyl β-carboline with in vitro and in vivo osteoprotective activity under estrogen-deficient conditions. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1213-1225. [PMID: 30109010 PMCID: PMC6072419 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00109j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Carbolines have been assessed for osteoclastogenesis. However, their effect on osteoblasts during estrogen deficiency is still unclear. Here, a series of novel piperazine and tetrazole tag β-carbolines have been synthesized and examined for osteoblast differentiation in vitro. In vitro data suggest that compound 8g is the most promising osteoblast differentiating agent that was evaluated for in vivo studies. Compound 8g promoted osteoblast mineralization, stimulated Runx2, BMP-2 and OCN expression levels, increased BrdU incorporation and inhibited generation of free radicals as well as nitric oxide. Since a piperazine group is involved in bone repair activity and β-carboline in IκB kinase (IKK) inhibition, compound 8g inhibited tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) directed IκBα phosphorylation, preventing nuclear translocation of NF-κB thereby alleviating osteoblast apoptosis. In vivo studies show that compound 8g was able to restore estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in ovariectomized rats without any toxicity, thus signifying its potential in bone-protection chemotherapy under postmenopausal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudha Karvande
- Endocrinology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , Lucknow , 226031 , India .
| | - Shahnawaz Khan
- Chemistry Division , BHUPAL NOBLES' UNIVERSITY , Udaipur-313001 , India
| | - Irfan Khan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow-226031 , U.P , India .
| | - Deepti Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow-226031 , U.P , India .
| | - Vikram Khedgikar
- Endocrinology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , Lucknow , 226031 , India .
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Endocrinology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , Lucknow , 226031 , India .
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Endocrinology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , Lucknow , 226031 , India .
| | - Priyanka Kothari
- Endocrinology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , Lucknow , 226031 , India .
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Research Himalayan School of Bio sciences , Swami Rama Himalayan University , Dehradun , India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular and Structural Biology Central Drug Research Institute , CSIR , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , Lucknow , 226031 , India .
| | - Prem M S Chauhan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow-226031 , U.P , India .
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Adhikary S, Choudhary D, Ahmad N, Karvande A, Kumar A, Banala VT, Mishra PR, Trivedi R. Dietary flavonoid kaempferol inhibits glucocorticoid-induced bone loss by promoting osteoblast survival. Nutrition 2018; 53:64-76. [PMID: 29655780 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kaempferol, a dietary flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, has been reported to reverse osteopenic condition in ovariectomized rats. Because kaempferol is endowed with osteogenic activity, the aim of this study was to determine whether it has a beneficial effect on glucocorticoid (GC)-induced bone loss. METHODS Adult female rats were divided into four groups as control (vehicle; distilled water), methylprednisolone (MP; 5 mg•kg•d, subcutaneously), MP + kaempferol (5 mg•kg•d, oral), and MP + human parathyroid 1-34 (30 µg/kg, 5 times/wk, subcutaneously) and treated for 4 wk. To study the antagonizing effect of kaempferol on GC-induced inhibition of fracture healing, drill-hole injury was performed on control and GC-treated rats. An oral dose of kaempferol was given for 14 d to observe the effect on callus formation at the site of injury. After treatment, bones were collected for further analysis. RESULTS GC was associated with a decreased bone mineral density and impaired bone microarchitecture parameters. Consumption of kaempferol induced bone-sparing effects in GC-induced osteopenic condition. Additionally, improved callus formation at site of drill injury in femur diaphysis was observed with kaempferol consumption in animals on GC. Consistent with the in vivo data, kaempferol elicited a higher expression of osteogenic markers in vitro and antagonized the apoptotic effect of dexamethasone on calvarial osteoblasts. CONCLUSION These results suggested that kaempferol reduced GC-induced bone loss and enhanced bone regeneration at fractured site, thus emphasizing the positive role of flavonoids on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulekha Adhikary
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Choudhary
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anirudha Karvande
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Venkatesh Teja Banala
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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12
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Blanco E, Sabetta W, Danzi D, Negro D, Passeri V, Lisi AD, Paolocci F, Sonnante G. Isolation and Characterization of the Flavonol Regulator CcMYB12 From the Globe Artichoke [ Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori]. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:941. [PMID: 30026747 PMCID: PMC6042477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a well-studied group of secondary metabolites, belonging to the phenylpropanoid pathway. Flavonoids are known to exhibit health promoting effects such as antioxidant capacities, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity. Globe artichoke is an important source of bioactive phenolic compounds, including flavonoids. To study the regulation of their biosynthesis, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor, CcMYB12, was isolated from artichoke leaves. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this protein belongs to the MYB subgroup 7 (flavonol-specific MYB), which includes Arabidopsis AtMYB12, grapevine VvMYBF1, and tomato SlMYB12. CcMYB12 transcripts were detected specifically in artichoke immature inflorescence and young leaves and overlapped with the profiles of flavonol biosynthetic genes. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed that recombinant CcMYB12 protein is able to bind to ACII element, a DNA binding site ubiquitously present in the promoters of genes encoding flavonol biosynthetic enzymes. In transgenic Arabidopsis plants, the overexpression of CcMYB12 activated the expression of endogenous flavonol biosynthesis genes, leading to an increase of flavonol accumulation and a decrease of anthocyanins in leaves. Likewise, in transgenic tobacco petals and leaves, the overexpression of CcMYB12 decreased anthocyanin levels and increased flavonols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Blanco
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Emanuela Blanco,
| | - Wilma Sabetta
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Donatella Danzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Donatella Negro
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Passeri
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lisi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolocci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sonnante
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
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13
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Antioxidative peptide from milk exhibits antiosteopenic effects through inhibition of oxidative damage and bone-resorbing cytokines in ovariectomized rats. Nutrition 2017; 43-44:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Combined Treatment with an Anticoagulant and a Vasodilator Prevents Steroid-Associated Osteonecrosis of Rabbit Femoral Heads by Improving Hypercoagulability. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1624074. [PMID: 29201897 PMCID: PMC5671671 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1624074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head remains a challenging problem in orthopedics worldwide. One pathomechanism is ischemia of the femoral head, as a result of thrombus formation and vasoconstriction. The present study investigates the effects of combination prevention with enoxaparin and EGb 761 on steroid-associated ONFH in rabbits. Rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups (control group, model group, enoxaparin group, ginkgo group, and combination group). With the exception of the control group, the groups of rabbits were modeled with lipopolysaccharide and methylprednisolone acetate. Starting with modeling, the enoxaparin group and ginkgo group were injected with 1 μg/kg/day enoxaparin subcutaneously and orally given 40 mg/kg/day EGb 761 for 4 weeks, respectively; the combination group received both treatments. After modeling for 6 weeks, the hematology data indicated prolonged PT and APTT in the three prevention groups. The micro-CT examination revealed higher bone density and better structure; histomorphometry revealed significant pathological changes. Immunohistochemistry revealed higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF, thus revealing better osteogenesis and angiogenesis activities. Among the three prevention groups, the combination group had the most efficient results. In conclusion, the combined prevention with an anticoagulant and a vasodilator has the potential to decrease the incidence of steroid-associated ONFH in rabbits.
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15
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Lucinda LMF, Aarestrup BJV, Reboredo MM, Pains TDA, Chaves RZ, Reis JEP, Louzada MJQ, Guerra MO. Evaluation of the anti-osteoporotic effect of Ginkgo biloba L. in Wistar rats with glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis by bone densitometry using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and mechanical testing. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:2833-2841. [PMID: 29044313 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluate the effect of the extract of Ginkgo biloba in the bone alkaline phosphatase, bone mineral density, in the mechanical properties of the tibia in rats with glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis. After osteoporosis induction, the rats were divided into five groups: Osteoporosis; EGb1 (28 mg/Kg); EGb2 (56 mg/Kg); alendronate (0.2 mg/animal) and control. The animals were treated during 20 and 30 days. The control group was compared with the osteoporosis's (Student's t-test), while the other were analyzed by ANOVA test followed by Tukey/Dunnett'T3 (p<0.05). In the osteoporosis group the bone alkaline phosphatase, bone mineral density, the bone stiffness, the maximum load and the resilience were reduced. The bone alkaline phosphatase values increased in the EGb1 and EGb2 groups (30 days). In addition, in the EGb2 and alendronate groups (20 and 30 days) the bone mineral density increased. The extract of Ginkgo biloba restored bone alkaline phosphatase and bone mineral density using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda M F Lucinda
- Centro de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora/UFJF, São Pedro, Caixa Postal 328, 36001-970 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz J V Aarestrup
- Centro de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora/UFJF, São Pedro, Caixa Postal 328, 36001-970 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Maycon M Reboredo
- Centro de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora/UFJF, São Pedro, Caixa Postal 328, 36001-970 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Thais D A Pains
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora/UFJF, Avenida Eugênio do Nascimento, s/n, Caixa Postal 328, 36001-970 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Raphael Z Chaves
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora/UFJF, Avenida Eugênio do Nascimento, s/n, Caixa Postal 328, 36001-970 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - João E P Reis
- Centro de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora/UFJF, São Pedro, Caixa Postal 328, 36001-970 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário J Q Louzada
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária de Araçatuba, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo/UNESP, Rua Clovis Pestana, 793, 16050-680 Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Martha O Guerra
- Centro de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora/UFJF, São Pedro, Caixa Postal 328, 36001-970 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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16
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Karvande A, Khedgikar V, Kushwaha P, Ahmad N, Kothari P, Verma A, Kumar P, Nagar GK, Mishra PR, Maurya R, Trivedi R. Heartwood extract from Dalbergia sissoo promotes fracture healing and its application in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:1381-1397. [PMID: 28664619 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of a heartwood ethanolic extract (HEE) made from the Dalbergia sissoo on facture healing and in the prevention of pathological bone loss resulting from estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. METHODS Heartwood ethanolic extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg per day) was administered orally immediately next day after drill-hole injury and continued for 2 weeks. Ovx rats received HEE at same doses for 12 weeks and compared with 17-β estradiol (E2; 100 μg/kg for 5 days/week subcutaneously) group. Confocal imaging for fracture healing, micro-architecture of long bones, biomechanical strength, formation of mineralized nodule by bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells, bone turnover markers and gene expression were studied. One-way ANOVA was used to test significance. KEY FINDINGS Heartwood ethanolic extract treatment promoted fracture healing, formation of new bone at the drill-hole site and stimulated osteogenic genes at callus region. HEE administration to the Ovx rats exhibited better micro-architectural parameters at various anatomical positions, better bone biomechanical strength and more osteoprogenitor cells in the bone marrow compared with Ovx + vehicle group. HEE exhibited no uterine estrogenicity. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of HEE was found to promote fracture healing and exhibited osteoprotective effect by possibly stimulation of osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudha Karvande
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikram Khedgikar
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Kothari
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwni Verma
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Padam Kumar
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Geet Kumar Nagar
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Raghuvanshi A, Kumar A, Tyagi AM, Kureel J, Awasthi P, Purohit D, Mansoori MN, Shukla P, Srivastava K, Gautam AK, Saxena R, Dwivedi A, Singh D, Goel A. 3-Piperidylethoxypterocarpan: A potential bone anabolic agent that improves bone quality and restores trabecular micro-architecture in ovariectomized osteopenic rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 448:41-54. [PMID: 28288902 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 6H-benzofuro[3, 2-c]chromenes (BFC, pterocarpans) with structure-activity relationships were investigated for their potential use in osteoporosis treatment. One of the BFCs 3-piperidylethoxypterocarpan 20 promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization at a dose as low as 1 pM via activation of ER/P38MAPK/BMP-2 pathway. When evaluated for in-vivo osteogenic activity in female Sprague-Dawley rats, BFC 20 increased bone mineral density and new bone formation, compared with control at 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/body weight by oral gavage for 30 days. The compound was devoid of any uterotrophic effect and led to the new bone formation in adult ovariectomized osteopenic rats. BFC 20 compound also inhibited bone resorption by reducing Ovx induced increase in urinary CTx, thus exhibiting both bone anabolic and anti-catabolic action. Finally, BFC 20 treatment to Ovx rats led to improved trabecular microarchitectural restoration and exhibited therapeutic potential as a dual acting anti-osteoporotic agent for the management of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Raghuvanshi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Abdul M Tyagi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jyoti Kureel
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pallavi Awasthi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Deepak Purohit
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohd Nizam Mansoori
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Priyanka Shukla
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kamini Srivastava
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Abnish K Gautam
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ruchi Saxena
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anila Dwivedi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Atul Goel
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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18
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Oral administration of kaempferol inhibits bone loss in rat model of ovariectomy-induced osteopenia. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1113-1119. [PMID: 29031689 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures constitute an increasing problem in developing countries. Kaempferol, isolated from seeds of Cuscuta chinensis, is an active flavonoid inhibiting in vitro osteoclast activity. The aim of the presented research was an assessment of kaempferol effect on estrogen-deficiency-induced bone structure disturbances in rats. METHODS The study was performed on 24 Wistar female rats divided into 3 groups: SHAM - rats undergoing a "sham" surgery, OVX-C - control group of animals that underwent ovariectomy, OVX-K - rats undergoing ovariectomy and receiving kaempferol for 8 weeks (from day 56 to day 112). RESULTS In the OVX-K group, contrary to the OVX-C one, there was no significant decrease in femoral bone mineral density (BMD). A significant increase in Young's modulus was observed in the OVX-K group compared to the OVX-C (15.33±2.51GPa vs. 11.14±1.93GPa, p<0.05). A decreased bone turnover was detected in the OVX-K group. Tissue volume ratio (BV/TV) and trabecular bone perimeter were increased in the OVX-K group compared to the OVX-C one (0.241±0.037 vs. 0.170±0.022, p<0.05 and 15.52±2.78mm vs. 9.67±3.07mm, p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Kaempferol has a beneficial influence on estrogen-deficiency-induced disturbances of bone structure in rats.
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19
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Chauhan R, Awasthi S, Tripathi P, Mishra S, Dwivedi S, Niranjan A, Mallick S, Tripathi P, Pande V, Tripathi RD. Selenite modulates the level of phenolics and nutrient element to alleviate the toxicity of arsenite in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 138:47-55. [PMID: 28006731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination of paddy rice is a serious threat all over the world particularly in South East Asia. Selenium (Se) plays important role in protection of plants against various abiotic stresses including heavy metals. Moreover, arsenite (AsIII) and selenite (SeIV) can be biologically antagonistic due to similar electronic configuration and sharing the common transporter for their uptake in plant. In the present study, the response of oxidative stress, phenolic compounds and nutrient elements was analyzed to investigate Se mediated As tolerance in rice seedlings during AsIII and SeIV exposure in hydroponics. Selenite (25µM) significantly decreased As accumulation in plant than As (25µM) alone treated plants. Level of oxidative stress related parameters viz., reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, electrical conductivity, nitric oxide and pro-oxidant enzyme (NADPH oxidase), were in the order of As>As+Se>control>Se. Selenium ameliorated As phytotoxicity by increased level of phenolic compounds particularly gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid and rutin and thiol metabolism related enzymes viz., serine acetyl transferase (SAT) and cysteine synthase (CS). Selenium supplementation enhanced the uptake of nutrient elements viz., Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, and improved plant growth. The results concluded that Se addition in As contaminated environment might be an important strategy to reduce As uptake and associated phytotoxicity in rice plant by modulation of phenolic compounds and increased uptake of nutrient elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshu Chauhan
- C.S.I.R.-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand
| | - Surabhi Awasthi
- C.S.I.R.-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Preeti Tripathi
- C.S.I.R.-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Seema Mishra
- C.S.I.R.-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Sanjay Dwivedi
- C.S.I.R.-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Abhishek Niranjan
- C.S.I.R.-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Shekhar Mallick
- C.S.I.R.-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Pratibha Tripathi
- C.S.I.R.-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand
| | - Rudra Deo Tripathi
- C.S.I.R.-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India.
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20
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Choudhary D, Kushwaha P, Gautam J, Kumar P, Verma A, Kumar A, Maurya SW, Siddiqui IR, Mishra PR, Maurya R, Trivedi R. Fast and long acting neoflavonoids dalbergin isolated from Dalbergia sissoo heartwood is osteoprotective in ovariectomized model of osteoporosis: Osteoprotective effect of Dalbergin. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:942-957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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21
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Epasinghe DJ, Yiu CKY, Burrow MF. Effect of flavonoids on remineralization of artificial root caries. Aust Dent J 2016; 61:196-202. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DJ Epasinghe
- Oral Biosciences; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - CKY Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - MF Burrow
- Biomaterials; Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
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22
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Ahmad N, Banala VT, Kushwaha P, Karvande A, Sharma S, Tripathi AK, Verma A, Trivedi R, Mishra PR. Quercetin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles improve osteoprotective activity in an ovariectomized rat model: a preventive strategy for post-menopausal osteoporosis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17141a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A formulation of quercetin-based solid lipid nanoparticles (QSLNs) was developed to increase the bioavailability of quercetin, with an aim to evaluate its effects on bone health in comparison to free quercetin (Q).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Ahmad
- Division of Endocrinology
- Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
- Lucknow 226031
- India
| | - Venkatesh Teja Banala
- Division of Pharmaceutics
- Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
- Lucknow 226031
- India
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Division of Endocrinology
- Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
- Lucknow 226031
- India
| | - Anirudha Karvande
- Division of Endocrinology
- Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
- Lucknow 226031
- India
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Division of Pharmaceutics
- Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
- Lucknow 226031
- India
| | - Ashish Kumar Tripathi
- Division of Endocrinology
- Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
- Lucknow 226031
- India
| | - Ashwni Verma
- Division of Pharmaceutics
- Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
- Lucknow 226031
- India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology
- Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
- Lucknow 226031
- India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics
- Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
- Lucknow 226031
- India
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23
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Ok HM, Gebreamanuel MR, Oh SA, Jeon H, Lee WJ, Kwon O. A Root-Based Combination Supplement Containing Pueraria lobata and Rehmannia glutinosa and Exercise Preserve Bone Mass in Ovariectomized Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:624-33. [PMID: 26319677 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a supplement containing Pueraria lobata/Rehmannia glutinosa (PR) root extracts on bone turnover in ovariectomized (OVX) rats (a model for postmenopausal osteoporosis). Female Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were randomized into eight groups: sham-operated rats with low-fat control diet + vehicle, OVX rats with low-fat control diet + vehicle, OVX rats with high-fat diet (HFD) + vehicle, OVX rats with HFD + vehicle + exercise, OVX rats with HFD + PR (400 mg/kg body weight/day p.o.), OVX rats with HFD + PR + exercise, OVX rats with HFD + 17β-estradiol (0.5 mg/kg body weight/day p.o.), OVX rats with HFD + 17β-estradiol + exercise. Bone microarchitecture, bone turnover markers (e.g., plasma alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin), expressions of osteogenic and resorptive gene markers in the bone were measured. Eight weeks of PR and/or aerobic exercise improved cortical microarchitecture of the femur and decreased markers of bone turnover and expression of skeletal osteoclastogenic genes in the femur. PR supplementation combined with exercise preserved bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and should be investigated further as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy for preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang Mok Ok
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Meron Regu Gebreamanuel
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang A Oh
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Jeon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Lee
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea.
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Swioklo S, Watson KA, Williamson EM, Farrimond JA, Putnam SE, Bicknell KA. Defining Key Structural Determinants for the Pro-osteogenic Activity of Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2598-2608. [PMID: 26517554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that fruits and vegetables may play a role in promoting bone growth and preventing age-related bone loss, attributable, at least in part, to phytochemicals such as flavonoids stimulating osteoblastogenesis. Through systematically screening the effect of flavonoids on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and correlating activity with chemical structure using comparative molecular field analysis, we have successfully identified important structural features that relate to their activity, as well as reliably predicted the activity of compounds with unknown activity. Contour maps emphasized the importance of electronegativity, steric bulk, and a 2-C-3-C double bond at the flavonoid C-ring, as well as overall electropositivity and reduced steric bulk at the flavonoid B-ring. These results support a role for certain flavonoids in promoting osteogenic differentiation, thus their potential for preventing skeletal deterioration, as well as providing a foundation for the lead optimization of novel bone anabolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Swioklo
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, U.K
| | - Kimberly A Watson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ, U.K
| | | | - Jonathan A Farrimond
- GlaxoSmithKline, GSK House , 980 Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GS, U.K
| | - Sophie E Putnam
- GlaxoSmithKline, GSK House , 980 Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GS, U.K
| | - Katrina A Bicknell
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, U.K
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Kumar Y, Kapoor I, Khan K, Thacker G, Khan MP, Shukla N, Kanaujiya JK, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N, Trivedi AK. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Fbw7 Negatively Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation by Targeting Runx2 for Degradation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30975-87. [PMID: 26542806 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.669531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Runx2, a master regulator of osteoblast differentiation, is tightly regulated at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination have differential effects on Runx2 functions. Here, we show that the reduced expression and functions of Runx2 upon its phosphorylation by GSK3β are mediated by its ubiquitin-mediated degradation through E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbw7α. Fbw7α through its WD domain interacts with Runx2 both in a heterologous (HEK293T cells) system as well as in osteoblasts. GSK3β was also present in the same complex as determined by co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, overexpression of either Fbw7α or GSK3β was sufficient to down-regulate endogenous Runx2 expression and function; however, both failed to inhibit endogenous Runx2 when either of them was depleted in osteoblasts. Fbw7α-mediated inhibition of Runx2 expression also led to reduced Runx2 transactivation and osteoblast differentiation. In contrast, inhibition of Fbw7α restored Runx2 levels and promoted osteoblast differentiation. We also observed reciprocal expression levels of Runx2 and Fbw7α in models of bone loss such as lactating (physiological bone loss condition) and ovariectomized (induction of surgical menopause) animals that show reduced Runx2 and enhanced Fbw7α, whereas this was reversed in the estrogen-treated ovariectomized animals. In addition, methylprednisolone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) treatment to neonatal rats showed a temporal decrease in Runx2 with a reciprocal increase in Fbw7 in their calvarium. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Fbw7α negatively regulates osteogenesis by targeting Runx2 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation in a GSK3β-dependent manner and thus provides a plausible explanation for GSK3β-mediated bone loss as described before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- From the Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh and
| | - Isha Kapoor
- From the Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh and
| | - Kainat Khan
- the Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gatha Thacker
- From the Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh and
| | - Mohd Parvez Khan
- the Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- From the Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh and
| | - Jitendra Kumar Kanaujiya
- From the Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh and
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- From the Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh and
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- the Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- From the Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031 Uttar Pradesh and
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Neoflavonoid dalbergiphenol from heartwood of Dalbergia sissoo acts as bone savior in an estrogen withdrawal model for osteoporosis. Menopause 2015; 22:1246-55. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Goel A, Raghuvanshi A, Kumar A, Gautam A, Srivastava K, Kureel J, Singh D. 9-Demethoxy-medicarpin promotes peak bone mass achievement and has bone conserving effect in ovariectomized mice: Positively regulates osteoblast functions and suppresses osteoclastogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 411:155-66. [PMID: 25957087 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a new bone anabolic and anti-catabolic pterocarpan 9-demethoxy-medicarpin (DMM) for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. DMM promoted osteoblast functions via activation of P38MAPK/BMP-2 pathway and suppressed osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cells (BMCs). In calvarial osteoblasts, DMM blocked nuclear factor kappaB (NFκB) signaling and inhibited the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. DMM treatment led to increased OPG (osteoprotegrin) and decreased transcript levels of TRAP (tartarate resistant acid phosphatase), RANK (receptor activator of NFκB) and RANKL (RANK ligand) in osteoblast-osteoclast co-cultures. Immature female SD rats administered with DMM exhibited increased bone mineral density, bone biomechanical strength, new bone formation and cortical bone parameters. Ovx mice administered with DMM led to significant restoration of trabecular microarchitecture and had reduced formation of osteoclasts and increased formation of osteoprogenitor cells in BMCs. DMM exhibited no uterine estrogenicity. Overall, these results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of DMM for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Goel
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
| | - Ashutosh Raghuvanshi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Abnish Gautam
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kamini Srivastava
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jyoti Kureel
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
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28
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Sharma C, Dixit M, Singh R, Agrawal M, Mansoori MN, Kureel J, Singh D, Narender T, Arya KR. Potential osteogenic activity of ethanolic extract and oxoflavidin isolated from Pholidota articulata Lindley. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 170:57-65. [PMID: 25959442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pholidota articulata Lindley (PA) locally known as Hadjojen (bone jointer) belongs to family Orchidaceae is used for healing fractures in folklore tradition of Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, Himalaya, India. Bone is a dynamic organ and is constantly being remodeled in order to facilitate growth and repair. This process requires the involvement of bone forming osteoblast and bone resorbing osteoclast cells, which function in generating and mineralizing bone, giving strength and rigidity to the skeletal system. Present study was aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of ethanolic extract of PA and its isolated compound oxoflavidin, by characterizing their fracture healing properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovariectomized (Ovx) estrogen deficient adult female Balb/c mice were used for in vivo evaluation of osteogenic or bone healing potential of ethanolic extract of PA. Further, its isolated compounds were tested for their osteogenic efficacy using alkaline phosphatase assay and mineralization assay in vitro in mice calvarial osteoblasts. RESULTS The ethanolic extract of PA exhibited significant restoration of trabecular micro-architecture in both femoral and tibial bones. Additionally, treatment with PA extract led to better bone quality and devoid of any uterine estrogenicity in ovariectomized estrogen deficient mice. One of the isolated compound, oxoflavidin enhanced ALP activity (a marker of osteoblast differentiation), mineral nodule formation and mRNA levels of osteogenic markers like BMP-2, Type 1 Collagen, RUNX-2 and osteocalcin. CONCLUSION These results warrant that ethanolic extract of PA and it's pure compound oxoflavidin have fracture healing properties. The extract and oxoflavidin exhibit a strong threapeutical potential for the treatment and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Sharma
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Manisha Dixit
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Rohit Singh
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Manali Agrawal
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohd Nizam Mansoori
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Jyoti Kureel
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kamal Ram Arya
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Khan MF, Dev K, Lahiri S, Dixit M, Trivedi R, Singh D, Maurya R. Osteogenic activity of natural diterpenoids isolated from Cupressus sempervirens fruits in calvarial derived osteoblast cells via differentiation and mineralization. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1794-1800. [PMID: 25481392 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiosteoporotic activity of four structurally related diterpenoids: sugiol (1), trans-communic acid (2), 15-acetoxy imbricatolic acid (3) and imbricatolic acid (4). Their osteogenic effect was evaluated by using validated models including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, mineralization assay and expression of osteogenic genes-bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and osteoblast transcription factor (RUNX2) - in primary calvarial cultures harvested from neonatal mice. Among them, compound 1 at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg body weight exhibited significant osteoprotective effects and did not show uterine estrogenicity at the same dose. Additionally, compound 1 treatment led to improved biomechanical properties as exhibited by increased power, energy and stiffness in femoral bones compared to untreated Ovx animals. Since osteoporotic compression fracture correlates with the mechanical characteristics of trabecular bone, so that it could effectively reduce the risk of this type of fracture by improving trabecular micro architecture in postmenopausal women. Therefore, our findings proposed that diterpenoids may be useful new chemical agents in the treatment of diseases associated with bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shibani Lahiri
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manisha Dixit
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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30
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Siddiqui S, Arshad M. Osteogenic potential of punica granatum through matrix mineralization, cell cycle progression and runx2 gene expression in primary rat osteoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:72. [PMID: 25409708 PMCID: PMC4248434 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-014-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is one of the prevalent diseases in ageing populations. Due to side effects of many chemotherapeutic agents, there is always a need to search for herbal products to treat the disorder. Punica granatum (PG) represent a potent fruit-bearing medicinal herb which exerted valuable anti-osteoporotic activities. The present study was carried out to validate the in vitro osteogenic effects of the PG seed extract in primary calvarial osteoblast cultures harvested from neonatal rats. Methods The ethanolic extract of PG was subjected to evaluate cell proliferation, regeneration, mineralization and formation of collagen matrix using MTT, alkaline phosphatase, Alizarin Red-S staining and Sirius Red dye, respectively. Cell cycle progression and osteogenic gene Runx2 expression were carried out by flow cytometry and real time PCR, respectively. Results Exposure of different concentrations (10–100 μg/ml) of the extract on osteoblastic cells showed characteristic morphological changes and increment in cell number. A significant growth in cell proliferation, ALP activity, collagen contents and matrix mineralization of osteoblasts in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05), suggested that PG has a stimulatory effect on osteoblastic bone formation or potential activity against osteoporosis. In addition, PG extract also enhanced DNA content in S phase of cell cycle and Runx2 gene expression level in osteoblasts. Conclusion The data clearly indicated that PG promoting bone cell proliferation and differentiation in primary osteoblasts might be due to elevating the osteogenic gene Runx2 expression. The present study provides an evidence for PG could be a promising herbal medicinal candidate that able to develop drugs for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabjada Siddiqui
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| | - Mohammad Arshad
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
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31
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Sharma C, Mansoori MN, Dixit M, Shukla P, Kumari T, Bhandari SPS, Narender T, Singh D, Arya KR. Ethanolic extract of Coelogyne cristata Lindley (Orchidaceae) and its compound coelogin promote osteoprotective activity in ovariectomized estrogen deficient mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1702-1707. [PMID: 25442280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Coelogyne cristata Lindley (CC) family Orchidaceae is an Indian medicinal plant used for the treatment of fractured bones in folk-tradition of Kumaon region, Uttarakhand, India. In continuation of our drug discovery program, feeding of ethanolic extract to ovariectomized estrogen deficient mice led to significant restoration of trabecular micro architecture in both femoral and tibial bones, better bone quality and also devoid of any uterine estrogenicity. Subsequently, coelogin, a pure compound was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of C. cristata and evaluated in in vitro osteoblast cell cultures. Treatment of coelogin to osteoblasts led to enhanced ALP activity (a marker of osteoblast differentiation), mineral nodule formation and mRNA levels of osteogenic markers like BMP-2, Type 1 Collagen and RUNX-2. Based on these results, we propose that ethanolic extract of C. cristata and its pure compound coelogin have potential in the management of post menopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Sharma
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Mohd Nizam Mansoori
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Manisha Dixit
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Priyanka Shukla
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Tejaswita Kumari
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - S P S Bhandari
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - T Narender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India
| | - K R Arya
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India.
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Kaempferol, a potential cytostatic and cure for inflammatory disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:103-12. [PMID: 25147152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) is a flavonoid found in many edible plants (e.g., tea, broccoli, cabbage, kale, beans, endive, leek, tomato, strawberries, and grapes) and in plants or botanical products commonly used in traditional medicine (e.g., Ginkgo biloba, Tilia spp, Equisetum spp, Moringa oleifera, Sophora japonica and propolis). Its anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory effects have been demonstrated in various disease models, including those for encephalomyelitis, diabetes, asthma, and carcinogenesis. Moreover, kaempferol act as a scavenger of free radicals and superoxide radicals as well as preserve the activity of various anti-oxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase. The anticancer effect of this flavonoid is mediated through different modes of action, including anti-proliferation, apoptosis induction, cell-cycle arrest, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and anti-metastasis/anti-angiogenesis activities. In addition, kaempferol was found to exhibit its anticancer activity through the modulation of multiple molecular targets including p53 and STAT3, through the activation of caspases, and through the generation of ROS. The anti-tumor effects of kaempferol have also been investigated in tumor-bearing mice. The combination of kaempferol and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs produces a greater therapeutic effect than the latter, as well as reduces the toxicity of the latter. In this review, we summarize the anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of kaempferol with a focus on its molecular targets and the possible use of this flavonoid for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Lännenpää M. Heterologous expression of AtMYB12 in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) leads to high flavonol accumulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1377-88. [PMID: 24792422 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of Arabidopsis AtMYB12 transcription factor greatly increases the total phenolic and flavonol content in transgenic kale leaves. Flavonoids are a diverse group of plant secondary metabolites exhibiting a number of health-promoting effects. There has been a growing interest to develop biotechnological methods for the enhanced production of flavonoids in crop plants. AtMYB12 is an Arabidopsis transcription factor which specifically activates flavonol synthesis and its overexpression has led to increased flavonol accumulation in several transgenic plants. In the present study, AtMYB12 was overexpressed in a commercial cultivar of kale and the transgenic plants were tested both in in vitro and in semi-field conditions in cages under natural light. Using this method, a severalfold increase in both total phenolics content and flavonol accumulation was achieved. This study provides a reliable and efficient transformation protocol for kale and suggests the potential of this flavonol-enriched vegetable for the production of kaempferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Lännenpää
- BioCarelia Research Laboratory, Juurikantie 45, 82580, Juurikka, Finland,
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34
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Khedgikar V, Ahmad N, Kushwaha P, Gautam J, Nagar GK, Singh D, Trivedi PK, Mishra PR, Sangwan NS, Trivedi R. Preventive effects of withaferin A isolated from the leaves of an Indian medicinal plant Withania somnifera (L.): comparisons with 17-β-estradiol and alendronate. Nutrition 2014; 31:205-13. [PMID: 25466667 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone protective effects of withaferin A (WFA) from leaves of Withania somnifera (L.) were evaluated in preventive model of Balb/c mice with 17 β-estradiol (E2) and alendronate (ALD). METHODS Adult female Balb/c mice, 7 to 9 wk, were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVx) to mimic the state of E2 deficiency. Immediately after surgery mice were administrated WFA at doses of 1, 5, 10 mg/kg/d while other two OVx groups received ALD or E2 for 2 mo. Sham and OVx groups with vehicle and no treatment served as controls. RESULTS WFA administration increased new bone formation, as well as improving microarchitecture and biomechanical strength of the bones. It prevented bone loss by reducing expression of osteoclastic genes tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK). Increase in bone turnover marker, osteocalcin (OCN) and inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) because of ovariectomy were reduced with WFA treatment, with effects comparable to E2 administration. Histomorphometric analysis of uterus shows that WFA was not fraught with estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. At cellular level, WFA promoted differentiation of bone marrow cells (BMCs) and increased mineralization by inducing expression of osteogenic genes. WFA has bone protective potential as its treatment prevents bone loss that is comparable to ALD and E2. CONCLUSIONS It is surmised that WFA in preclinical setting is effective in preserving bone loss by both inhibition of resorption and stimulation of new bone formation before onset of osteoporosis with no uterine hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Khedgikar
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CDRI, Lucknow, India; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CDRI, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Gautam
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CDRI, Lucknow, India; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Geet K Nagar
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Prabodh K Trivedi
- Plant Gene Expression Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanic Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Prabhat R Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Neelam S Sangwan
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-CDRI, Lucknow, India.
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of the bone protective effect of phytoestrogens on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Nutr Res 2014; 34:467-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Micro-architectural changes in cancellous bone differ in female and male C57BL/6 mice with high-fat diet-induced low bone mineral density. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:1811-21. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between fat and bone mass at distinct trabecular and cortical skeletal compartments in a high-fat diet (HFD) model was studied. For this, C57BL/6 mice were assigned to four groups of eight animals each. Two groups, each of males and females, received a standard chow diet while the remaining other two groups received the HFD for a period of 10 weeks. Male mice on the HFD were heavier and gained more weight (15·8 %; P< 0·05) v. those on the control diet or when compared with the female rats fed the HFD. We observed an increased lipid profile in both males and females, with significantly higher lipid levels (about 20–25 %; P< 0·01) in males. However, glucose intolerance was more pronounced in females than males on the HFD (about 30 %; P< 0·05). The micro-architectural assessment of bones showed that compared with female mice on the HFD, male mice on the HFD showed more deterioration at the trabecular region. This was corroborated by plasma osteocalcin and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTx) levels confirming greater loss in males (about 20 %; P< 0·01). In both sexes cortical bone parameters and strength remained unchanged after 10 weeks of HFD treatment. The direct effect of the HFD on bone at the messenger RNA level in progenitor cells isolated from femoral bone marrow was a significantly increased expression of adipogenic marker genes v. osteogenic genes. Overall, the present data indicate that obesity induced by a HFD aggravates bone loss in the cancellous bone compartment, with a greater loss in males than females, although 10 weeks of HFD treatment did not alter cortical bone mass and strength in both males and females.
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Pandey A, Misra P, Khan MP, Swarnkar G, Tewari MC, Bhambhani S, Trivedi R, Chattopadhyay N, Trivedi PK. Co-expression of Arabidopsis transcription factor, AtMYB12, and soybean isoflavone synthase, GmIFS1, genes in tobacco leads to enhanced biosynthesis of isoflavones and flavonols resulting in osteoprotective activity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:69-80. [PMID: 24102754 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones, a group of flavonoids, restricted almost exclusively to family Leguminosae are known to exhibit anticancerous and anti-osteoporotic activities in animal systems and have been a target for metabolic engineering in commonly consumed food crops. Earlier efforts based on the expression of legume isoflavone synthase (IFS) genes in nonlegume plant species led to the limited success in terms of isoflavone content in transgenic tissue due to the limitation of substrate for IFS enzyme. In this work to overcome this limitation, the activation of multiple genes of flavonoid pathway using Arabidopsis transcription factor AtMYB12 has been carried out. We developed transgenic tobacco lines constitutively co-expressing AtMYB12 and GmIFS1 (soybean IFS) genes or independently and carried out their phytochemical and molecular analyses. The leaves of co-expressing transgenic lines were found to have elevated flavonol content along with the accumulation of substantial amount of genistein glycoconjugates being at the highest levels that could be engineered in tobacco leaves till date. Oestrogen-deficient (ovariectomized, Ovx) mice fed with leaf extract from transgenic plant co-expressing AtMYB12 and GmIFS1 but not wild-type extract exhibited significant conservation of trabecular microarchitecture, reduced osteoclast number and expression of osteoclastogenic genes, higher total serum antioxidant levels and increased uterine oestrogenicity compared with Ovx mice treated with vehicle (control). The skeletal effect of the transgenic extract was comparable to oestrogen-treated Ovx mice. Together, our results establish an efficient strategy for successful pathway engineering of isoflavones and other flavonoids in crop plants and provide a direct evidence of improved osteoprotective effect of transgenic plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
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Rai RK, Barbhuyan T, Singh C, Mittal M, Khan MP, Sinha N, Chattopadhyay N. Total water, phosphorus relaxation and inter-atomic organic to inorganic interface are new determinants of trabecular bone integrity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83478. [PMID: 24386209 PMCID: PMC3875436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the living composite biomaterial having unique structural property. Presently, there is a considerable gap in our understanding of bone structure and composition in the native state, particularly with respect to the trabecular bone, which is metabolically more active than cortical bones, and is readily lost in post-menopausal osteoporosis. We used solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to compare trabecular bone structure and composition in the native state between normal, bone loss and bone restoration conditions in rat. Trabecular osteopenia was induced by lactation as well as prolonged estrogen deficiency (bilateral ovariectomy, Ovx). Ovx rats with established osteopenia were administered with PTH (parathyroid hormone, trabecular restoration group), and restoration was allowed to become comparable to sham Ovx (control) group using bone mineral density (BMD) and µCT determinants. We used a technique combining (1)H NMR spectroscopy with (31)P and (13)C to measure various NMR parameters described below. Our results revealed that trabecular bones had diminished total water content, inorganic phosphorus NMR relaxation time (T1) and space between the collagen and inorganic phosphorus in the osteopenic groups compared to control, and these changes were significantly reversed in the bone restoration group. Remarkably, bound water was decreased in both osteopenic and bone restoration groups compared to control. Total water and T1 correlated strongly with trabecular bone density, volume, thickness, connectivity, spacing and resistance to compression. Bound water did not correlate with any of the microarchitectural and compression parameters. We conclude that total water, T1 and atomic space between the crystal and organic surface are altered in the trabecular bones of osteopenic rats, and PTH reverses these parameters. Furthermore, from these data, it appears that total water and T1 could serve as trabecular surrogates of micro-architecture and compression strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Kumar Rai
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Tarun Barbhuyan
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Chandan Singh
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Monika Mittal
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd. Parvez Khan
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
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Omeje EO, Khan MP, Osadebe PO, Tewari D, Khan MF, Dev K, Maurya R, Chattopadhyay N. Analysis of constituents of the eastern Nigeria mistletoe, Loranthus micranthus linn revealed presence of new classes of osteogenic compounds. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:643-651. [PMID: 24269773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mistletoe extracts (decoctions) are used traditionally in eastern Nigeria for the management of bone pain, post menopausal syndrome and diabetes amongst several other ailments. While scientific evidence supporting its folkloric use as an antidiabetic agent has been documented, the age-long practice of its use in treatment of post menopausal syndrome has not been scientifically validated. Postmenopausal osteoporosis accounts for one of the prevalent disease conditions in aging population globally. This situation is exacerbated by the lack of osteogenic therapy. In search for plants of Nigerian origin with osteogenic potential, we evaluated eastern Nigerian mistletoe, having ethnotraditional claims of anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive and anti-cancer activities as well as preventive effect in various post-menopausal syndromes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanolic extracts of mistletoe leaves harvested from three host tress - Kola acuminata (KM), Citrus spp (CM) and Garcinia kola (GKM) - were evaluated for osteoblast viability and osteogenic activities using primary rat calvaria culture. Lupeol (1) was isolated from the stem bark of Bombax ciba and its congener, dihydoxylupeol palmitate (2) in addition to three other compounds; 3-methoxy quercetin (3), 3,4,5-trimethoxy gallate (4), and friedelin (5) were isolated from the leaves of mistletoes species. Following their chemical characterization, the compounds were evaluated for osteogenic potential using validated models including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, mineralization assay and expression of osteogenic genes - bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and osteoblast transcription factor (RUNX2) - in primary calvarial cultures harvested from neonatal rats. Uterine estrogenicity of the extracts was tested in adult female Sprague Dawley rats. RESULTS Methanol extracts of mistletoe from three hosts exhibited increase in ALP activity (a marker of osteoblast differentiation) at lower concentrations (0.2-0.8 μg/ml) and either no or inhibitory effect at higher concentrations (1.6 and 3.2 μg/ml). None of the extract had cytotoxicity to osteoblasts at the concentrations tested. Five compounds viz. 1 from Bombax ciba, and 2-5 were isolated from the mistletoe leaves. Out of these, 5 exhibited significant loss of osteoblast viability and hence it was not considered further. All four compounds exhibited stimulatory effects on osteoblast differentiation as assessed by ALP assay and determination of osteogenic gene expression. Compound 2 was relatively more potent than its precursor, compound 1 in stimulating BMP2 upregulation. KM did not show uterine estrogenicity. CONCLUSION Methanolic extracts from the three mistletoes species possess in vitro osteogenic activity, and from these extracts three new classes of compounds have been found to promote osteoblast differentiation in vitro. In light of these findings, we propose that mistletoe species may be developed as safer alternative(s) in the management of diseases where lack of bone formation is the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Ogechukwu Omeje
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, 41001 Nsukka, Nigeria; Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India.
| | - Mohd Parvez Khan
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India
| | - Patience Ogoamaka Osadebe
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, 41001 Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Deepshikha Tewari
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India
| | - Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), India.
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Khan MP, Mishra JS, Sharan K, Yadav M, Singh AK, Srivastava A, Kumar S, Bhaduaria S, Maurya R, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N. A novel flavonoid C-glucoside from Ulmus wallichiana preserves bone mineral density, microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in the presence of glucocorticoid by promoting osteoblast survival: a comparative study with human parathyroid hormone. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1256-66. [PMID: 23928508 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S)-(+)-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol (GTDF) is a novel compound isolated from Ulmus wallichiana, reported to have bone anabolic action in ovariectomized rats. Here, we studied the effect of GTDF in glucocorticoid (GC)-induced bone loss and its mode of action. METHODS Osteoblasts were cultured from rat calvaria or bone marrow to study apoptosis and differentiation by dexamethasone (Dex), methylprednisolone (MP), GTDF, quercetin and rutin. Female Sprague Dawley rats were treated with Dex or MP with or without GTDF or PTH. Efficacy was evaluated by bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomography, determination of new bone formation by fluorescent labeling of bone and osteoblast apoptosis by co-labeling bone sections with Runx-2 and TUNEL. Serum osteocalcin was determined by ELISA. RESULTS GTDF preserved trabecular and cortical bones in the presence of Dex and MP and mitigated the MP-mediated suppression of serum osteocalcin. Co-administration of GTDF to MP rats increased mineral apposition, bone formation rates, bone biomechanical strength, reduced osteoblast apoptosis and increased osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells compared to MP group, suggesting in vivo osteogenic effect of GTDF. These effects of GTDF were to a great extent comparable to PTH. GTDF prevented GC-induced osteoblast apoptosis by inhibiting p53 expression and acetylation, and activation of AKT but did not influence transactivation of GC receptor (GR). CONCLUSIONS GTDF protects against GC-induced bone loss by promoting osteoblast survival through p53 inhibition and activation of AKT pathways but not as a GR antagonist. GTDF has the potential in the management of GC-induced osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226021, India; Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226021, India; Center for Drug Discovery and Development in Reproductive Health (CDDDRH), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226021, India
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Tamjidipoor A, Tavafi M, Ahmadvand H. Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on inhibition of post-ovariectomy osteopenia in rats. Connect Tissue Res 2013; 54:426-31. [PMID: 24020358 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2013.841678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress, due to estrogen deficiency, leads to osteopenia. In this study, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), an antioxidant solvent, was used against post-ovariectomy osteopenia (PO) in rats. Forty female rats were divided into 5 groups randomly as follows: Sham, control group; OVX, ovariectomized group; DMSO1, ovariectomized injected DMSO (0.5 ml/kg/d ip); DMSO2, ovariectomized injected DMSO (1 ml/kg/day ip) and DMSO3, ovariectomized injected DMSO (2 ml/kg/d ip). DMSO therapy started 1 week after ovariectomy and continued for 13 weeks. After 13th weeks, sera were prepared, and then L4 vertebrae and right tibial bones rinsed in fixative. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin, pyridinoline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Trabecular volume density, trabecular and cortex thickness were estimated. Osteoclast and osteoblast numbers were counted morphometrically. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and then post hoc Tukey test at p < 0.05. The increase of pyridinoline and decrease of BALP in DMSO injected groups were inhibited compared with OVX group (p < 0.05). In DMSO injected groups, decrease of bone density, trabecular volume density, thickness of trabecular and tibial cortex were inhibited compared with OVX group (p < 0.05). MDA decreased significantly in DMSO injected groups compared with OVX group. Osteoclast number decreased in DMSO injected groups compared with OVX group (p < 0.05). Osteoblast number did not show significant change in DMSO groups compared with OVX group. In conclusion, DMSO ameliorates PO through decrease of osteoclast number, osteoclast inhibition and osteoblast activation. These effects may probably be mediated via antioxidant property of DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Tamjidipoor
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran and
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Khedgikar V, Kushwaha P, Gautam J, Verma A, Changkija B, Kumar A, Sharma S, Nagar GK, Singh D, Trivedi PK, Sangwan NS, Mishra PR, Trivedi R. Withaferin A: a proteasomal inhibitor promotes healing after injury and exerts anabolic effect on osteoporotic bone. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e778. [PMID: 23969857 PMCID: PMC3763455 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Withania somnifera or Ashwagandha is a medicinal herb of Ayurveda. Though the extract and purified molecules, withanolides, from this plant have been shown to have different pharmacological activities, their effect on bone formation has not been studied. Here, we show that one of the withanolide, withaferin A (WFA) acts as a proteasomal inhibitor (PI) and binds to specific catalytic β subunit of the 20S proteasome. It exerts positive effect on osteoblast by increasing osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. WFA increased expression of osteoblast-specific transcription factor and mineralizing genes, promoted osteoblast survival and suppressed inflammatory cytokines. In osteoclast, WFA treatment decreased osteoclast number directly by decreasing expression of tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) and indirectly by decreasing osteoprotegrin/RANK ligand ratio. Our data show that in vitro treatment of WFA to calvarial osteoblast cells decreased expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase, Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2), preventing degradation of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RunX2) and relevant Smad proteins, which are phosphorylated by bone morphogenetic protein 2. Increased Smurf2 expression due to exogenous treatment of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) to primary osteoblast cells was decreased by WFA treatment. This was corroborated by using small interfering RNA against Smurf2. Further, WFA also blocked nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) signaling as assessed by tumor necrosis factor stimulated nuclear translocation of p65-subunit of NF-kB. Overall data show that in vitro proteasome inhibition by WFA simultaneously promoted osteoblastogenesis by stabilizing RunX2 and suppressed osteoclast differentiation, by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Oral administration of WFA to osteopenic ovariectomized mice increased osteoprogenitor cells in the bone marrow and increased expression of osteogenic genes. WFA supplementation improved trabecular micro-architecture of the long bones, increased biomechanical strength parameters of the vertebra and femur, decreased bone turnover markers (osteocalcin and TNFα) and expression of skeletal osteoclastogenic genes. It also increased new bone formation and expression of osteogenic genes in the femur bone as compared with vehicle groups (Sham) and ovariectomy (OVx), Bortezomib (known PI), injectible parathyroid hormone and alendronate (FDA approved drugs). WFA promoted the process of cortical bone regeneration at drill-holes site in the femur mid-diaphysis region and cortical gap was bridged with woven bone within 11 days of both estrogen sufficient and deficient (ovariectomized, Ovx) mice. Together our data suggest that WFA stimulates bone formation by abrogating proteasomal machinery and provides knowledge base for its clinical evaluation as a bone anabolic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Khedgikar
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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Srivastava K, Tyagi AM, Khan K, Dixit M, Lahiri S, Kumar A, Changkija B, Khan MP, Nagar GK, Yadav DK, Maurya R, Singh SP, Jain GK, Trivedi R, Chattopadhyay N, Singh D. Isoformononetin, a methoxydaidzein present in medicinal plants, reverses bone loss in osteopenic rats and exerts bone anabolic action by preventing osteoblast apoptosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:470-480. [PMID: 23395215 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Daidzein (Daid) has been implicated in bone health for its estrogen-'like' effects but low bioavailability, unfavorable metabolism and uterine estrogenicity impede its clinical potential. This study was aimed at assessing isoformononetin (Isoformo), a naturally occurring methoxydaidzein, for bone anabolic effect by overcoming the pitfalls associated with Daid. METHODS Sprague-Dawley ovariectomized (OVx) rats with established osteopenia were administered Isoformo, 17β-oestradiol (E2) or human parathyroid hormone. Efficacy was evaluated by bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomography and determination of new bone formation by fluorescent labeling of bone. Osteoblast apoptosis was measured by co-labeling of bone sections with Runx-2 and TUNEL. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism were measured by ELISA. Plasma and bone marrow levels of Isoformo and Daid were determined by LC-MS-MS. Rat bone marrow stromal cells were harvested to study osteoblastic differentiation by Isoformo and Daid. New born rat pups were injected with Isoformo and Daid to study the effect of the compounds on the expression of osteogenic genes in the calvaria by real time PCR. RESULTS In osteopenic rats, Isoformo treatment restored trabecular microarchitecture, increased new bone formation, increased the serum osteogenic marker (procollagen N-terminal propeptide), decreased resorptive marker (urinary C-terminal teleopeptide of type I collagen) and diminished osteoblast apoptosis in bone. At the most effective osteogenic dose of Isoformo, plasma and bone marrow levels were comprised of ~90% Isoformo and the rest, Daid. Isoformo at the concentration reaching the bone marrow achieved out of its most effective oral dosing induced stromal cell mineralization and osteogenic gene expression in the calvaria of neonatal rats. Isoformo exhibited uterine safety. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that Isoformo reverses established osteopenia in adult OVx rats likely via its pro-survival effect on osteoblasts. Given its bone anabolic and anti-catabolic effects accompanied with safety at uterine level we propose its potential in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Srivastava
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil, Lucknow, India
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Khan K, Sharan K, Swarnkar G, Chakravarti B, Mittal M, Barbhuyan TK, China SP, Khan MP, Nagar GK, Yadav D, Dixit P, Maurya R, Chattopadhyay N. Positive skeletal effects of cladrin, a naturally occurring dimethoxydaidzein, in osteopenic rats that were maintained after treatment discontinuation. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:1455-70. [PMID: 22932734 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Effects of cladrin treatment and withdrawal in osteopenic rats were studied. Cladrin improved trabecular microarchitecture, increased lumbar vertebral compressive strength, augmented coupled remodeling, and increased bone osteogenic genes. A significant skeletal gain was maintained 4 weeks after cladrin withdrawal. Findings suggest that cladrin has significant positive skeletal effects. INTRODUCTION We showed that a standardized extract of Butea monosperma preserved trabecular bone mass in ovariectomized (OVx) rats. Cladrin, the most abundant bioactive compound of the extract, promoted peak bone mass achievement in growing rats by stimulating osteoblast function. Here, we studied the effects of cladrin treatment and withdrawal on the osteopenic bones. METHODS Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were OVx and left untreated for 12 weeks to allow for significant estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss, at which point cladrin (1 and 10 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for another 12 weeks. Half of the rats were killed at the end of the treatments and the other half at 4 weeks after treatment withdrawal. Sham-operated rats and OVx rats treated with PTH or 17β-estradiol (E2) served as various controls. Efficacy was evaluated by bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomographic analysis and fluorescent labeling of bone. qPCR and western blotting measured mRNA and protein levels in bone and uterus. Specific ELISA was used for measuring levels of serum PINP and urinary CTx. RESULTS In osteopenic rats, cladrin treatment dose dependently improved trabecular microarchitecture, increased lumbar vertebral compression strength, bone formation rate (BFR), cortical thickness (Cs.Th), serum PINP levels, and expression of osteogenic genes in bones; and reduced expression of bone osteoclastogenic genes and urinary CTx levels. Cladrin had no uterine estrogenicity. Cladrin at 10 mg/kg maintained acquired skeletal gains 4 weeks after withdrawal. CONCLUSION Cladrin had positive skeletal effects in osteopenic rats that were maintained after treatment withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, India
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Shaltiel G, Bar-David E, Meiron OE, Waltman E, Shechter A, Aflalo ED, Stepensky D, Berman A, Martin BR, Weaver CM, Sagi A. Bone loss prevention in ovariectomized rats using stable amorphous calcium carbonate. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.57a2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sashidhara KV, Kumar M, Khedgikar V, Kushwaha P, Modukuri RK, Kumar A, Gautam J, Singh D, Sridhar B, Trivedi R. Discovery of coumarin-dihydropyridine hybrids as bone anabolic agents. J Med Chem 2012; 56:109-22. [PMID: 23214410 DOI: 10.1021/jm301281e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The concept of molecular hybridization led us to discover a novel series of coumarin-dihydropyridine hybrids that have potent osteoblastic bone formation in vitro and that prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. In this context, among all the compounds screened for alkaline phosphatase activity, four compounds 10, 14, 18, and 22 showed significant activity at picomolar concentrations. A series of other in vitro data strongly suggested compound 18 as the most promising bone anabolic agent, which was further evaluated for in vivo studies. From these studies compound 18 proved to be useful, which at low oral dose of 1 (mg/kg)/day body weight increased bone mass density and volume, expression of osteogenic genes (RUNX2, BMP-2, and ColI), bone formation rate (BFR), and mineral apposition rate (MAR), improved the trabecular microarchitecture, and decreased bone turn over markers in an ovariectomized rodent model for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koneni V Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute-CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226001, India.
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Khan K, Singh A, Mittal M, Sharan K, Singh N, Dixit P, Sanyal S, Maurya R, Chattopadhyay N. [6]-Gingerol induces bone loss in ovary intact adult mice and augments osteoclast function via the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1860-73. [PMID: 23034900 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE [6]-Gingerol, a major constituent of ginger, is considered to have several health beneficial effects. The effect of 6-gingerol on bone cells and skeleton of mice was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of 6-gingerol on mouse bone marrow macrophages and osteoblasts were studied. 6-Gingerol-stimulated osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow macrophages but had no effect on osteoblasts. Capsazepine, an inhibitor of TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) channel, attenuated the pro-osteoclastogenic effect of 6-gingerol or capsaicin (an agonist of TRPV1). Similar to capsaicin, 6-gingerol stimulated Ca(2) + influx in osteoclasts. The effect of daily feeding of 6-gingerol for 5 wk on the skeleton of adult female Balb/cByJ mice was investigated. Mice treated with capsaicin and ovariectomized (OVx) mice served as controls for osteopenia. 6-Gingerol caused increase in trabecular osteoclast number, microarchitectural erosion at all trabecular sites and loss of vertebral stiffness, and these effects were comparable to capsaicin or OVx group. Osteoclast-specific serum and gene markers of 6-gingerol-treated mice were higher than the OVx group. Bone formation was unaffected by 6-gingerol. CONCLUSION Daily feeding of 6-gingerol to skeletally mature female mice caused trabecular osteopenia, and the mechanism appeared to be activation of osteoclast formation via the TRPV1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Pandey A, Niranjan A, Misra P, Lehri A, Tewari SK, Trivedi PK. SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF TARGETED GROUP OF COMPOUNDS IN PSORALEA CORYLIFOLIA L. USING HPLC-PDA-MS-MS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.636854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- a National Botanical Research Institute , Council of Scientific and Industrial Research , Lucknow , India
| | - Abhishek Niranjan
- a National Botanical Research Institute , Council of Scientific and Industrial Research , Lucknow , India
| | - Prashant Misra
- a National Botanical Research Institute , Council of Scientific and Industrial Research , Lucknow , India
| | - Alok Lehri
- a National Botanical Research Institute , Council of Scientific and Industrial Research , Lucknow , India
| | - Shri Krishna Tewari
- a National Botanical Research Institute , Council of Scientific and Industrial Research , Lucknow , India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- a National Botanical Research Institute , Council of Scientific and Industrial Research , Lucknow , India
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Pandey A, Misra P, Chandrashekar K, Trivedi PK. Development of AtMYB12-expressing transgenic tobacco callus culture for production of rutin with biopesticidal potential. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:1867-76. [PMID: 22733206 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Flavonoids synthesized by the phenylpropanoid pathway participate in a number of physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Flavonols, among flavonoids, are considered as health-protective components in functional foods and they protect plants against certain insect pests. There have been efforts to develop strategies for the enhanced production of flavonols in plants, but limited success was achieved due to complex regulation and poor substrate availability. In the present study, we have developed and optimized method for callus cultures for transgenic tobacco line expressing a flavonol-specific transcription factor, AtMYB12, with an objective to use callus as an alternative source of rutin. Transgenic callus displayed enhanced expression of genes related to biosynthetic pathway leading to increased accumulation of flavonols, especially rutin. At each time point of callus growth, the rutin content of transgenic callus was several folds higher than that of wild-type tobacco callus. Supplementation of semi-synthetic diet with extract from transgenic callus as well as purified rutin led to mortality and growth reduction in the Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera larvae. This study suggests the biotechnological potential of AtMYB12-expressing callus cultures for the production of rutin, which can be used for biopesticide formulations against insect pests. KEY MESSAGE Tobacco callus cultures expressing AtMYB12 accumulate enhanced content of rutin and can be used as a potential alternative source of rutin as well as biopesticides against insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Pandey
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
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Gautam J, Kushwaha P, Swarnkar G, Khedgikar V, Nagar GK, Singh D, Singh V, Jain M, Barthwal M, Trivedi R. EGb 761 promotes osteoblastogenesis, lowers bone marrow adipogenesis and atherosclerotic plaque formation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:1134-1142. [PMID: 22951391 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Our earlier study has demonstrated that EGb 761 (standardized extract of Ginkgo) has the bone sparing effect on the estrogen deficiency induced bone loss model. In the present study, we have addressed the question whether treatment of osteoporosis benefits arterial calcification or vice versa, because both adipocyte and osteoblast originate from the same mesenchymal cell of the bone marrow cell (BMC) population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow cells were isolated to study the effect of EGb 761 on osteoblast and adipocytes. For in vivo effect hamsters were fed high fat diet and the effect of EGb 761 studied on atherosclerotic plaque formation and endothelial function. RESULTS BMC's undergoing induced osteogenic or adipogenic differentiations in the presence of EGb 761 show increase and decrease in mineralization and adipogenesis respectively. Osteogenic and adipogenic mRNAs, reveal lineage dependent expression patterns. Runx-2 (osteoblast transcription factor) showed a progressive increase, whereas PPAR-γ (adipogenic regulator) was attenuated, with same pattern of expression being for late osteogenic and adipogenic genes. EGb 761 led to increase in apoptotic cells and ROS, an important upstream signal. In vivo experiments in hamsters after induction with high cholesterol diet (HCD) show improvement in endothelial function by EGb 761 with lowering in total plasma cholesterol levels. EGb 761 led to vascular preservation of the aortic lumen with impairment of the endothelium dependent relaxation which was corroborated by micro-CT and histological sections of the thoracic region of the aorta. CONCLUSION From this data, it can be implied that EGb 761 controls bone loss, adiposity and lowers atherogenic risk factor after HCD induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gautam
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil, Lucknow, India
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