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Leyva-Medina KH, Dávila-Ramos H, Portillo-Loera JJ, Acuña-Meléndez OS, Cervantes-Noriega A, Sánchez-Pérez JN, Molina-Gámez G, Rodríguez-Carpena JG, Mejía-Delgadillo MA, Robles-Estrada JC. Effects of Zilpaterol Hydrochloride with a Combination of Vitamin D 3 on Feedlot Lambs: Growth Performance, Dietary Energetics, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1303. [PMID: 38731307 PMCID: PMC11083134 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of supplementing ZH in combination with D3 on the growth performance, energy efficiency, carcass traits, and meat quality of feedlot lambs. Thirty-two Dorper × Katahdin cross lambs (37.3 ± 5.72 kg) were utilized in a 29 d experiment in a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial structure consisting of two levels of ZH for 26 d (0 and 0.20 mg/kg PV-1) and two levels of D3 for 7 d (0 and 1.5 × 106 IU/d-1). ZH improved (p ≤ 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency by 9.9% and 17.8%, respectively, as well as hot carcass weight (HCW) and dressing carcass by 4.3% and 2.6%, respectively. (p ≤ 0.03). However, ZH increased (p < 0.01) muscle pH and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) (2.5 and 23.0%, respectively). D3 supplementation negatively affected (p ≤ 0.02) dry matter intake (DMI) (last 7 d) and ADG by 15.7% and 18.1%. On the other hand, D3 improved the pH of the longissimus thoracis muscle by 1.7% (p = 0.03) without affecting WBSF. When D3 was supplemented in combination with ZH, it was observed that meat quality was improved by reducing muscle pH compared to lambs treated only with ZH. However, D3 did not improve the meat tenderness negatively affected by ZH supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla H. Leyva-Medina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Sinaloa, Mexico; (K.H.L.-M.); (H.D.-R.); (J.J.P.-L.); (O.S.A.-M.); (A.C.-N.); (J.N.S.-P.); (G.M.-G.)
| | - Horacio Dávila-Ramos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Sinaloa, Mexico; (K.H.L.-M.); (H.D.-R.); (J.J.P.-L.); (O.S.A.-M.); (A.C.-N.); (J.N.S.-P.); (G.M.-G.)
| | - Jesús J. Portillo-Loera
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Sinaloa, Mexico; (K.H.L.-M.); (H.D.-R.); (J.J.P.-L.); (O.S.A.-M.); (A.C.-N.); (J.N.S.-P.); (G.M.-G.)
| | - Omar S. Acuña-Meléndez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Sinaloa, Mexico; (K.H.L.-M.); (H.D.-R.); (J.J.P.-L.); (O.S.A.-M.); (A.C.-N.); (J.N.S.-P.); (G.M.-G.)
| | - Adriana Cervantes-Noriega
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Sinaloa, Mexico; (K.H.L.-M.); (H.D.-R.); (J.J.P.-L.); (O.S.A.-M.); (A.C.-N.); (J.N.S.-P.); (G.M.-G.)
| | - Jaime N. Sánchez-Pérez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Sinaloa, Mexico; (K.H.L.-M.); (H.D.-R.); (J.J.P.-L.); (O.S.A.-M.); (A.C.-N.); (J.N.S.-P.); (G.M.-G.)
| | - Gamaliel Molina-Gámez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Sinaloa, Mexico; (K.H.L.-M.); (H.D.-R.); (J.J.P.-L.); (O.S.A.-M.); (A.C.-N.); (J.N.S.-P.); (G.M.-G.)
| | - Javier G. Rodríguez-Carpena
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Compostela 63700, Nayarit, Mexico;
| | | | - Juan C. Robles-Estrada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Sinaloa, Mexico; (K.H.L.-M.); (H.D.-R.); (J.J.P.-L.); (O.S.A.-M.); (A.C.-N.); (J.N.S.-P.); (G.M.-G.)
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Aroeira CN, Feddern V, Gressler V, Contreras-Castillo CJ, Hopkins DL. A review on growth promoters still allowed in cattle and pig production. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Iguácel LP, Calvo JH, Casasús I, Serrano M, Ripoll G, Sarto P, Villalba D, Blanco M. Association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the calpastatin gene with tenderness under varying lengths of meat ageing in two native Spanish cattle breeds. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dávila-Ramírez JL, Avendaño-Reyes L, Macías-Cruz U, Peña-Ramos EA, Islava-Lagarda TY, Zamorano-García L, Valenzuela-Melendres M, Camou JP, González-Ríos H. Fatty acid composition and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of meat from ewe lambs supplemented with zilpaterol hydrochloride and soybean oil. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of supplementation of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH; 0 or 10 mg/lamb daily) and soybean oil (SBO; 0% or 6%) on carcass traits, body fat deposition, chemical, physicochemical, sensory quality, and fatty acid composition of the longissimus thoracis muscle (LTM) of ewe lambs were studied using a randomised complete design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. After a 32-day feeding period, all ewes were slaughtered and LTM collected. Interactions between ZH × SBO were not observed (P > 0.05) for any of the variables evaluated. Feedlot performance was not modified (P > 0.05) by ZH and SBO supplementation. Biological yield and hot carcass weight were increased by ZH supplementation (P < 0.05). ZH and SBO supplementation did not alter body fat deposition (kidney, pelvic and heart, renal, thickness and intramuscular fat) and the empty bodyweight (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, feeding ZH decreased colour parameters (L*, a*, b* and CHROMA) (P < 0.05), but not others characteristics of LTM (P > 0.05). Sensory panelists observed an increase in appearance (P < 0.001) by ZH supplementation. Additionally, ZH decreased (P < 0.05) the content of C20:5n3 (eicosapentaenoic acid), C22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid) and total omega-3 fatty acids, compared with the zero ZH group. Physicochemicals and sensory characteristics, and fatty acid composition of meat were not modified by SBO (P > 0.05). In conclusion, ZH supplementation to ewe lambs increased biological yield and hot carcass weight, without changes in body fat deposition and decreased eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and omega-3 contents and caused a decrease in colour of LTM. However, feeding SBO caused no changes in the carcass or meat quality traits and minimal changes in fatty acid composition of LTM.
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Knobel-Graves SM, Brooks JC, Johnson BJ, Starkey JD, Beckett JL, Hodgen JM, Hutcheson JP, Streeter MN, Thomas CL, Rathmann RJ, Garmyn AJ, Miller MF. Effect of vitamin D3, zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation, and postmortem aging on shear force measurements of three muscles in finishing beef steers1,2. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:2637-47. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lean IJ, Thompson JM, Dunshea FR. A meta-analysis of zilpaterol and ractopamine effects on feedlot performance, carcass traits and shear strength of meat in cattle. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115904. [PMID: 25548908 PMCID: PMC4280124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is a meta-analysis of the effects of the beta-agonists zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) and ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) on feedlot performance, carcase characteristics of cattle and Warner Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of muscles. It was conducted to evaluate the effect of the use of these agents on beef production and meat quality and to provide data that would be useful in considerations on the effect of these agents on meat quality in Meat Standards Australia evaluations. We conducted a comprehensive literature search and study assessment using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scirus, and CAB and identification of other studies from reference lists in papers and searches. Searches were based on the key words: zilpaterol, zilmax, ractopamine, optaflexx, cattle and beef. Studies from theses obtained were included. Data were extracted from more than 50 comparisons for both agents and analysed using meta-analysis and meta-regression. Both agents markedly increased weight gain, hot carcase weight and longissimus muscle area and increased the efficiency of gain:feed. These effects were particularly large for ZH, however, fat thickness was decreased by ZH, but not RAC. Zilpaterol also markedly increased WBSF by 1.2 standard deviations and more than 0.8 kg, while RAC increased WBSF by 0.43 standard deviations and 0.2 kg. There is evidence in the ZH studies, in particular, of profound re-partitioning of nutrients from fat to protein depots. This work has provided critically needed information on the effects of ZH and RAC on production, efficiency and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Lean
- SBScibus, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - John M. Thompson
- Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Venkata Reddy B, Sivakumar AS, Jeong DW, Woo YB, Park SJ, Lee SY, Byun JY, Kim CH, Cho SH, Hwang I. Beef quality traits of heifer in comparison with steer, bull and cow at various feeding environments. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:1-16. [PMID: 25236779 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present review has been focused largely on the sex type differences in beef quality among heifers, cows, steers and bulls in various feeding environments. Genetic groups, feeding systems and gender are the major factors that change carcass characteristics and fatty acid profiles of cattle. Studies identified that heifer beef has super characteristics in eating quality and a better healthy composition in fatty acids than steer, cow and bull. Diet influences the variation of fatty acid profile; particularly the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) interacts with breed and sex. Animals finished in pasture systems were reported to show better ratios of PUFA/ saturated fatty acids and n-6/n-3. Carcasses of roughage-fed beef are lighter and have less marbling and lower quality grades but have higher cutability than carcasses of grain-fed bulls. Heifers and cows are reported to deposit more fat than steers and bulls. Among males, lower production of testosterone by steers favors more fat thickness compared with bulls. Marbling greatly varies among cattle belonging to different sexes, and particularly, females have genetic makeup that efficiently controls deposition. The current review identified that heifers can be a premium beef brand, while steer beef currently take a large part of market share across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandugula Venkata Reddy
- Department of Animal Science and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Program, College of Commerce, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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Garmyn AJ, Miller MF. MEAT SCIENCE AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM--implant and beta agonist impacts on beef palatability. J Anim Sci 2013; 92:10-20. [PMID: 24158364 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of anabolic implants has a long-standing place in the cattle feeding industry, due to their positive impact on growth performance and subsequent profitability. However, implants can have adverse effects on carcass quality, shear force, and eating quality depending on the dose and frequency, or what some refer to as the aggressiveness of the implant regimen administered. Within the past decade, a new class of growth promotants, known as β-adrenergic agonists (βAA), has emerged in the beef feeding industry in the United States. Currently, 2 have gained U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for use in beef finishing diets to improve performance and carcass yields. Much like anabolic implants, these repartitioning agents can have negative effects on Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), but the differences do not necessarily translate directly to consumer responses for palatability and acceptance in some instances, especially when tenderness is managed through proper postmortem aging. As researchers continued to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the impact of βAA, inevitably this led to consideration of the interaction between βAA and anabolic implants. Early work combining zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) with anabolic implants improved performance, carcass yield, and meat yield with additive negative effects on WBSF. Similar results were produced when pairing ZH with anabolic steroids equipped with various release patterns. As with any tool, the key to success is proper management. Certain cattle populations may be better suited to receive growth promotants such as implants and βAA, and postmortem management of subprimal cuts becomes vital when producers take more aggressive approaches to improve performance and yield. The objective of this review is to overview research findings related to the impact of growth promotant technologies on beef palatability, focusing specifically on the role of implants and βAA on carcass quality, beef tenderness, and consumer responses for meat palatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Garmyn
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
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Korn KT, Lemenager RP, Claeys MC, Engstrom M, Schoonmaker JP. Supplemental vitamin D3 and zilpaterol hydrochloride. I. Effect on performance, carcass traits, tenderness, and vitamin D metabolites of feedlot steers1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:3322-31. [PMID: 23798522 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. T. Korn
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - R. P. Lemenager
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - M. C. Claeys
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - M. Engstrom
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - J. P. Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Weber M, Dikeman M, Jaeger J, Unruh J, Murray L, Houser T. Effects of feeding a single or sequence of beta-adrenergic agonists on cull cow meat quality. Meat Sci 2013; 93:275-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chávez A, Pérez E, Rubio MS, Méndez RD, Delgado EJ, Díaz D. Chemical composition and cooking properties of beef forequarter muscles of Mexican cattle from different genotypes. Meat Sci 2012; 91:160-4. [PMID: 22326061 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Beef forequarter muscles biceps brachii (BRB), brachialis (BRA), complexus (COM), splenius (SPL), infraspinatus (INF), teres major (TER), rhomboideus (RHO), subscapularis (SUB), supraspinatus (SUP), triceps brachii long-head (TRB) and triceps brachii lateral-head (TRI) were obtained from Mexican beef carcasses originated from Bos indicus (Bi, n=10) or Bos taurus (Bt, n=10) young bulls. Muscles were analyzed for WBSF, cooking loss, and moisture and fat contents. INF had the lowest WBSF (37.23N) and cooking loss (31.78%) of all. RHO exhibited the lowest moisture (72.62%) and highest fat content (5.23%) of all. Bi genotype exhibited higher WBSF (53.78, 48.69N), higher cook loss (36.27, 34.32%), higher fat content (2.93, 2.35%), and lower moisture content (73.70, 75.07%) than Bt. Further research is needed to estimate the actual consumer acceptance of beef forequarter muscles and their marketing potential as individual cuts in the Mexican market.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chávez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico
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