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Pan R, Qi L, Xu Z, Zhang D, Nie Q, Zhang X, Luo W. Weighted single-step GWAS identified candidate genes associated with carcass traits in a Chinese yellow-feathered chicken population. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103341. [PMID: 38134459 PMCID: PMC10776626 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcass traits in broiler chickens are complex traits that are influenced by multiple genes. To gain deeper insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying carcass traits, here we conducted a weighted single-step genome-wide association study (wssGWAS) in a population of Chinese yellow-feathered chicken. The objective was to identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with carcass weight (CW), eviscerated weight with giblets (EWG), eviscerated weight (EW), breast muscle weight (BMW), drumstick weight (DW), abdominal fat weight (AFW), abdominal fat percentage (AFP), gizzard weight (GW), and intestine length (IL). A total of 1,338 broiler chickens with phenotypic and pedigree information were included in this study. Of these, 435 chickens were genotyped using a 600K single nucleotide polymorphism chip for association analysis. The results indicate that the most significant regions for 9 traits explained 2.38% to 5.09% of the phenotypic variation, from which the region of 194.53 to 194.63Mb on chromosome 1 with the gene RELT and FAM168A identified on it was significantly associated with CW, EWG, EW, BMW, and DW. Meanwhile, the 5 traits have a strong genetic correlation, indicating that the region and the genes can be used for further research. In addition, some candidate genes associated with skeletal muscle development, fat deposition regulation, intestinal repair, and protection were identified. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses suggested that the genes are involved in processes such as vascular development (CD34, FGF7, FGFR3, ITGB1BP1, SEMA5A, LOXL2), bone formation (FGFR3, MATN1, MEF2D, DHRS3, SKI, STC1, HOXB1, HOXB3, TIPARP), and anatomical size regulation (ADD2, AKT1, CFTR, EDN3, FLII, HCLS1, ITGB1BP1, SEMA5A, SHC1, ULK1, DSTN, GSK3B, BORCS8, GRIP2). In conclusion, the integration of phenotype, genotype, and pedigree information without creating pseudo-phenotype will facilitate the genetic improvement of carcass traits in chickens, providing valuable insights into the genetic architecture and potential candidate genes underlying carcass traits, enriching our understanding and contributing to the breeding of high-quality broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Xugang Yellow Poultry Seed Industry Group Co., Ltd, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dexiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Liu J, Jin Y, Zhou S, Wang X, Li Y, Luan P, Li H, Leng L, Wang Y. A Study on the Growth and Development Characteristics of Lindian Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:354. [PMID: 38275813 PMCID: PMC10812748 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
As an excellent chicken breed found in a high-altitude zone of northern China, Lindian chickens are characterized by good egg and meat production, strong adaptability, cold tolerance, rough feeding resistance, excellent egg quality, and delicious meat quality. To facilitate the exploitation of the unique qualities of the Lindian chicken, the varying patterns and correlations of various body size and carcass traits of 3-22-week-old Lindian chickens were analyzed in this study. The optimal growth model of these traits was determined by growth curve fitting analysis. The results showed that most traits of Lindian chickens increased steadily with increasing age, and most of them increased rapidly before 10 weeks of age. In addition, the inflection point age of each trait was predicted to be between 4 and 10 weeks. Furthermore, this study revealed that body size traits were closely related to carcass traits in Lindian chickens. In summary, Lindian chickens are in a rapid growth stage before the age of 10 weeks, and better slaughter performance can be achieved through good feeding management during this stage. The reproductive traits and muscles are the main developmental focus after the age of 19 weeks, so it is important to adequately meet their energy requirements for subsequent good breeding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yitong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shijie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yumao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Peng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li Leng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Nakamura R, Sasaki M, Shoji N, Takahashi M, Watanabe A, Iijima K, Hasegawa K, Oyama K, Mannen H. Estimation of genetic parameters for visceral diseases of fattening Japanese Black cattle in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13930. [PMID: 38400812 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the genetic parameters of major visceral diseases were estimated using the postmortem inspection records of 9057 fattening Japanese Black cattle in Shimane Prefecture, Japan, and the genetic correlation between visceral diseases and carcass traits was analyzed. There were six visceral diseases with a prevalence of 5% or higher, namely, pleurisy, pneumonia, bovine abdominal fat necrosis (BFN), rumenitis, hemorrhagic hepatitis, and perihepatitis. Variance components were estimated using the Gibbs sampling method, and the heritability of the visceral disease ranged from 0.07 to 0.49 for perihepatitis and BFN, respectively. Significant negative genetic correlations were identified between pleurisy and rib thickness (-0.32), BFN and carcass weight (-0.29), and BFN and rib eye area (-0.22). No significant genetic correlation was observed among the visceral diseases. The least squares analysis of variance suggested that some visceral diseases decrease the value of carcass traits. In particular, carcass weight and rib eye area in individuals with BFN were 11.7 kg and 1.87 cm2 lower than those of healthy cattle, respectively. Thus, it was inferred that genetic factors were involved in the visceral diseases of fattening Japanese Black cattle in Shimane Prefecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Nakamura
- Livestock Technology Center, Shimane Prefectural Government, Izumo, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makiko Sasaki
- Meat Sanitation and Inspection Station, Shimane Prefectural Government, Oda, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shoji
- Meat Sanitation and Inspection Station, Shimane Prefectural Government, Oda, Japan
| | - Masaru Takahashi
- Livestock Technology Center, Shimane Prefectural Government, Izumo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Watanabe
- Livestock Technology Center, Shimane Prefectural Government, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kumi Iijima
- Livestock Technology Center, Shimane Prefectural Government, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Hasegawa
- Livestock Technology Center, Shimane Prefectural Government, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kenji Oyama
- Food Resources Education and Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kasai, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mannen
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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Zhang K, Mi F, Li X, Wang Z, Jiang F, Song E, Guo P, Lan X. Detection of genetic variation in bovine CRY1 gene and its associations with carcass traits. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3387-3394. [PMID: 36448652 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2149547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The biological clock (also known as circadian clock) is closely related to growth and development, metabolism, and diseases in animals. As a part of the circadian clock, the cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 (CRY1) gene is involved in the regulation of biological processes such as osteogenesis, energy metabolism and cell proliferation, however, few studies have been reported on the relationship between this gene and animal carcass traits. Herein, a total of four insertion/deletion (InDel) loci within the CRY1 gene were detected in Shandong Black Cattle Genetic Resource (SDBCGR) population (n = 433). Among them, the P1-6-bp-del locus was polymorphic in population of interest. Moreover, the P1-6-bp-del locus showed two genotypes, with a higher insertion/insertion (II) genotype frequency (0.751) than insertion/deletion (ID) genotype frequency (0.249). Correlation analysis showed that the P1-6-bp-del locus polymorphisms were significantly associated with twenty carcass traits (e.g., slaughter weight, limb weight, and belly meat weight). Individuals with II genotype were significantly better than those with ID genotype for eighteen carcass traits. Therefore, the P1-6-bp-del locus of the CRY1 gene can be used as a molecular marker for beef cattle breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fang Mi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fugui Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Enliang Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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5
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Jiang E, Wang H, Li X, Bi Y, Mao C, Jiang F, Song E, Lan X. A 14-bp deletion in bovine EPAS1 gene is associated with carcass traits. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4553-4558. [PMID: 36681875 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2166841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
EPAS1 (Endothelial PAS Domain Protein 1) gene is well-known for its function in plateau hypoxia adaptability. It encodes HIF-2α, which involved in the induction of genes regulated by oxygen and then affects multiple physiological processes such as angiogenesis and energy metabolism. All of these indicate it may affect the development of animals. In this study, a 14-bp deletion in EPAS1 gene was uncovered in Shandong black cattle population (n = 502). Two genotypes (II and ID) were found and the frequency of the homozygous II genotype is higher than the heterozygous ID genotype. This population is consisted with HWE (p > 0.05). And more importantly, the 14-bp deletion was associated with outside flat (p = 0.003), brisket (p = 0.001), and knuckle (p = 0.032). These findings suggested that the 14-bp deletion is significantly associated with carcass traits, which could be served as a molecular marker applied to cow breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuelan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Bi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cui Mao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fugui Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Shandong Academy of Agriculture Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Enliang Song
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Shandong Academy of Agriculture Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Hassan FA, Alhotan RA, Attia YA, Mahrose KM, Amin HF, Salim IH, Abdel-Mawla LF, Bovera F, Mansour AM, Michalak I. Rice gluten meal as a substitute for soybean meal in the diets for growing rabbits. Arch Anim Nutr 2023; 77:497-511. [PMID: 38189144 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2284529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The impacts of different dietary levels of rice gluten meal (RGM) on growth performance, digestibility, carcass characteristics, and blood traits of growing New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were studied. One hundred and twenty, 6 weeks old weaned male rabbits (body weight; 682 [g] ± 23) were randomly allotted into four groups. The control diet contained 160 [g/kg] soybean meal (SBM), while the other three diets were obtained by replacing 40, 80, and 120 [g/kg] SBM with RGM (RGM40, RGM80, and RGM120, respectively). The results showed that RGM contained higher levels of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, and gross energy than SBM. RGM contained a high level of arginine followed by leucine and valine as essential amino acids and high levels of glutamic, aspartic acid, and alanine as non-essential amino acids. The obtained results showed that the final body weight of rabbits fed diets containing 40, 80, and 120 [g/kg] RGM was higher than those fed the control diet. The daily weight gain of rabbits fed RGM diets increased (p < 0.05) by 10.50%, 6.50%, and 10.00%, respectively, compared to the control group. Rabbits fed RGM80 showed the highest (p < 0.05) digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), EE, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and acid detergent fibre (ADF) compared to the other tested levels. Rabbits fed RGM120 had the highest (p < 0.05) digestible energy (DE) and digestible crude protein (DCP) values. RGM inclusion levels of 40 and 80 [g/kg] increased (p < 0.05) plasma total protein and albumin compared to the control group. Rabbits fed a diet containing RGM40 had the highest (p < 0.05) globulin level. The highest (p < 0.05) plasma urea concentration level was measured in the rabbit group fed the RGM120 diet. Conclusively, RGM could be a valuable ingredient for growing rabbits, as at all the tested levels improved growth performance, digestibility, and nutritional values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia A Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rashed A Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A Attia
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Khalid M Mahrose
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hamdy F Amin
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Salim
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Amira M Mansour
- Poultry Production Department, Agriculture College, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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Huang L, Guo Q, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Bai H, Wang Z, Chen G, Chang G. Carcass traits, proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, and mineral contents of meat from Cherry Valley, Chinese crested, and crossbred ducks. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2459-2466. [PMID: 35816470 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2096625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Duck meat is known for its taste and high nutritive value. To preserve local genetic diversity while maintaining commercial viability, we obtained a crossbreed (CB) between high-performing Cherry Valley (CV) and traditional Chinese crested (CC) ducks. We compared carcass traits and meat quality characteristics of CB and parental breeds. Meat from the above ducks at their respective marketable ages was evaluated for proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, and selected mineral content. The live weights, carcass weights, and breast muscle percentage of CB were higher than CC but lower than CV; the leg muscle of CB was lower than CV and CC. CB had higher intramuscular fat content than CV; its collagen content was lower than CC but higher than CV in breast and thigh muscles. Additionally, the saturated fatty acid content of CB muscle was lower than CV and higher than CC. CB contained more monounsaturated fatty acids than CV and CC. Zn content was higher in CB breast than CV and CC. CB, obtained by crossing CV and CC, has partial advantages over both the breeds suggesting that these characteristics aligned with standards to breed ducks with high-quality meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qixin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Minelli G, D’Ambra K, Macchioni P, Lo Fiego DP. Effects of Pig Dietary n-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Ratio and Gender on Carcass Traits, Fatty Acid Profiles, Nutritional Indices of Lipid Depots and Oxidative Stability of Meat in Medium-Heavy Pigs. Foods 2023; 12:4106. [PMID: 38002164 PMCID: PMC10670070 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of different dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratios and gender on key carcass traits, as well as the nutritional and technological quality of lipids in medium-heavy pig tissues have been poorly studied. To investigate the subject, 24 Large White, barrows and gilts, evenly divided into two groups of 12, were fed from 80 kg of live-weight (LW) until slaughter at 150 kg LW, either a high (9.7:1) (HPR) or low (1.4:1) (LPR) dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. On individual samples of longissimus thoracis muscle (LTM), subcutaneous (SF) and perirenal (PF) adipose tissues (ATs), the fatty acid (FA) composition was determined by gas chromatography, and lipid nutritional indices (LNIs) were calculated. The oxidative stability of meat was evaluated by determining the malondialdehyde content on raw and cooked (24 h postmortem) and refrigerated (8 days postmortem) LTM samples. The carcass traits did not vary between genders and diets. The LPR group showed a higher n-3 PUFA level and a lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in all the tissues examined and better LNI, especially in the ATs. Diet did not affect the oxidative stability of meat. Gender did not influence the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, while barrows showed improvements in some LNI in ATs. Reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio in the diet of growing-finishing medium-heavy pigs improved the FA profile in all tissues and most LNI in ATs without impairing the oxidative stability of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Minelli
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Agri-Food Biological Resources Improvement and Valorisation (BIOGEST-SITEIA), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, P. le Europa, 1, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Katia D’Ambra
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Paolo Macchioni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Domenico Pietro Lo Fiego
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for Agri-Food Biological Resources Improvement and Valorisation (BIOGEST-SITEIA), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, P. le Europa, 1, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Almuhayawi MS, Alruhaili MH, Gattan HS, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Almehayawi MS, Jaouni SKA, Selim S, Alqahtani FS, El-Saadony MT, Alagawany M. Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of olive leaves powder and its role in improving the broiler productivity, carcass traits, blood metabolites, and caecal microbiota. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103054. [PMID: 37729677 PMCID: PMC10514443 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity (in vitro study) of olive leaves powder (OLP) and its role in improving the broiler productivity, carcass criteria, blood indices, and antioxidant activity. A total of 270 one-day-old broiler chickens were distributed into 6 treatment groups as follows: the first group: basal diet without any supplementation, while the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups: basal diet supplemented with 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 (µg/g), respectively. The in vitro study showed that the OLP has good antibacterial activity in the concentration-dependent matter; OLP 175 µg/mL inhibited the tested bacteria in the zones range of (0.8-4 cm), Klebsiella Pneumonaie (KP) was the most resistant bacteria to OLP concentration. The antioxidant activity of OLP increased with increasing the concentration of OLP compared to ascorbic acid, where OLP 175 µg/mL scavenged 91% of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals compared to 93% scavenging activity of ascorbic acid. Broiler chickens fed diets with OLP had significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weight (BW) and body weight growth (BWG) than the control birds. The treatment with OLP significantly reduced the feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) when compared to control. Groups supplemented with OLP showed decreased abdominal fat deposition and a significant increase in the net carcass and breast muscle weight. OLP improved birds' blood parameters in comparison with control birds. All pathogenic bacterial numbers in caecal samples were decreased with elevating OLP levels, but the cecal Lactobacillus bacterial count was increased. In conclusion, OLP supplementation improved broiler chickens' performance, carcass traits, and blood parameters. Moreover, OLP improved birds' liver functions (reduced Alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST] levels) in comparison with control. In addition, OLP promoted the antioxidant status, minimized the harmful microbial load, and increased beneficial bacterial count in the cecal contents of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Almuhayawi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed H Alruhaili
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan S Gattan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanned Talal Alharbi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K Nagshabandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutasem Saad Almehayawi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S Alqahtani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Zhu C, Qi Y, Wang X, Mi B, Cui C, Chen S, Zhao Z, Zhao F, Liu X, Wang J, Shi B, Hu J. Variation in Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Beta Gene and Its Effect on Carcass and Meat Traits in Gannan Yaks. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15488. [PMID: 37895167 PMCID: PMC10607073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta (ACACB) is a functional candidate gene that impacts fat deposition. In the present study, we sequenced exon 37-intron 37, exon 46-intron 46, and intron 47 of yak ACACB using hybrid pool sequencing to search for variants and genotyped the gene in 593 Gannan yaks via Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain (KASP) reaction to determine the effect of ACACB variants on carcass and meat quality traits. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in three regions. Eight effective haplotypes and ten diplotypes were constructed. Among them, a missense variation g.50421 A > G was identified in exon 37 of ACACB, resulting in an amino acid shift from serine to glycine. Correlation analysis revealed that this variation was associated with the cooking loss rate and yak carcass weight (p = 0.024 and 0.012, respectively). The presence of haplotypes H5 and H6 decreased Warner-Bratzler shear force (p = 0.049 and 0.006, respectively), whereas that of haplotypes H3 and H4 increased cooking loss rate and eye muscle area (p = 0.004 and 0.034, respectively). Moreover, the presence of haplotype H8 decreased the drip loss rate (p = 0.019). The presence of one and two copies of haplotypes H1 and H8 decreased the drip loss rate (p = 0.028 and 0.004, respectively). However, haplotype H1 did not decrease hot carcass weight (p = 0.011), whereas H3 increased the cooking loss rate (p = 0.007). The presence of one and two copies of haplotype H6 decreased Warner-Bratzler shear force (p = 0.014). The findings of the present study suggest that genetic variations in ACACB can be a preferable biomarker for improving yak meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bingang Shi
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Q.); (X.W.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (S.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Q.); (X.W.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (S.C.); (Z.Z.); (F.Z.); (X.L.); (J.W.)
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Lee DJ, Kim Y, Dinh PTN, Chung Y, Lee D, Kim Y, Lee SH, Choi I, Lee SH. Identification of Missense Variants Affecting Carcass Traits for Hanwoo Precision Breeding. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1839. [PMID: 37895191 PMCID: PMC10606632 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify causal variants associated with important carcass traits such as weight and meat quality in Hanwoo cattle. We analyzed missense mutations extracted from imputed sequence data (ARS-UCD1.2) and performed an exon-specific association test on the carcass traits of 16,970 commercial Hanwoo. We found 33, 2, 1, and 3 significant SNPs associated with carcass weight (CW), backfat thickness (BFT), eye muscle area (EMA), and marbling score (MS), respectively. In CW and EMA, the most significant missense SNP was identified at 19,524,263 on BTA14 and involved the PRKDC. A missense SNP in the ZFAND2B, located at 107,160,304 on BTA2 was identified as being involved in BFT. For MS, missense SNP in the ACVR2B gene, located at 11,849,704 in BTA22 was identified as the most significant marker. The contribution of the most significant missense SNPs to genetic variance was confirmed to be 8.47%, 2.08%, 1.73%, and 1.19% in CW, BFT, EMA, and MS, respectively. We generated favorable and unfavorable haplotype combinations based on the significant SNPs for CW. Significant differences in GEBV (Genomic Estimated Breeding Values) were observed between groups with each favorable and unfavorable haplotype combination. In particular, the missense SNPs in PRKDC, MRPL9, and ANKFN1 appear to significantly affect the protein's function and structure, making them strong candidates as causal mutations. These missense SNPs have the potential to serve as valuable markers for improving carcass traits in Hanwoo commercial farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jae Lee
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (D.J.L.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Yoonsik Kim
- Department of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (P.T.N.D.)
| | - Phuong Thanh N. Dinh
- Department of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (P.T.N.D.)
| | - Yoonji Chung
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (D.J.L.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Dooho Lee
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (D.J.L.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Yeongkuk Kim
- Quantomic Research & Solution, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo Hyun Lee
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (D.J.L.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Inchul Choi
- Division of Animal & Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (D.J.L.); (Y.C.); (D.L.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Department of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (P.T.N.D.)
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Nannoni E, Martelli G, Scozzoli M, Belperio S, Buonaiuto G, Vannetti NI, Truzzi E, Rossi E, Benvenuti S, Sardi L. Effects of Lavender Essential Oil Inhalation on the Welfare and Meat Quality of Fattening Heavy Pigs Intended for Parma Ham Production. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2967. [PMID: 37760366 PMCID: PMC10525193 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effects of inhalation administration of lavender essential oil (LEO) either once (L1) or twice (L2) a day on animal welfare indicators, carcass and meat quality of Italian heavy pigs. Pigs (n = 108) were allotted to three experimental groups (control -C-, L1 and L2) and lavender was administered, via a vaporizer device, to the treated groups during the entire fattening-finishing period (79-160 kg BW). Tail lesion severity was reduced in L1 at the end of the trial compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Body lesion counts, however, were higher in L2 than in C (p < 0.05), resulting in a more severe overall damage classification (p < 0.01). At slaughter, no differences were observed in carcass traits or blood stress indicators, only minor differences were observed in meat quality, and no LEO residual was found in fat or lean tissues, highlighting the preserved suitability of thighs for the dry curing process. While it was not possible to conclude on the ability to improve animal welfare of vaporized LEO in this production phase, the absence of adverse effects on meat quality and the discrepancies observed regarding the body lesions in L1 and L2 make further studies on behavioral aspects and the method of administration (route, frequency) of the product desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Nannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (E.N.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (N.I.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Giovanna Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (E.N.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (N.I.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Maurizio Scozzoli
- Italian Society for Research on Essential Oils (Società Italiana per la Ricerca sugli Oli Essenziali—SIROE), Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Belperio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (E.N.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (N.I.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Giovanni Buonaiuto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (E.N.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (N.I.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Niccolò Ian Vannetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (E.N.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (N.I.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Life Sciences, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.T.); (E.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Enrico Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.T.); (E.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.T.); (E.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Luca Sardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (E.N.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (N.I.V.); (L.S.)
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13
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Al-Yahyaey F, Al-Marzooqi W, Shaat I, Smith MA, Al-Sabahi J, Melak S, Bush RD. Effect of Spirulina platensis Supplementation on Carcass Characteristics, Fatty Acid Profile, and Meat Quality of Omani Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2976. [PMID: 37760376 PMCID: PMC10525089 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In a 70-day study, 36 Jabbali and Sahrawi bucks, aged 11 months, were utilized to evaluate the effects of different levels of spirulina dietary supplement (SP) on carcass characteristics, fatty acid profile, and meat quality traits in Omani goat breeds. The goats were put into six groups of six bucks, each at random. The diet consisted of a conventional concentrate feed ration (CFR) without spirulina (CON), and the CFR diet supplemented with spirulina at the levels of 2 g/head daily (T1) and 4 g/head daily (T2). In general, Sahrawi bucks showed a highly significant response to SP feeding compared with Jabbali bucks. The treatment groups, especially T1, showed a significant increase in average daily gain and carcass traits (body length, leg length, and the rack weight) compared with the CON group of Sahrawi bucks. The weights of omental and kidney fat were also significantly higher in T1 compared with CON and T2 groups of Sahrawi goats, while they were significantly higher in T2 compared with CON and T1 groups of Jabbali goats. Carcass profile and meat quality, including ultimate ph and meat color lightness (L*) were increased significantly with dietary spirulina in both LD and SM muscles of Sahrawi goats. Most of the Sfa, Mufa, Pufa, Pufa n-6, Pufa n-3, and n-6/n-3 ratios of the LD showed significant differences in diets supplemented with SP compared with CON for Sahrawi bucks, while some of them were significant in Jabbali bucks. The LD muscle of Sahrawi goats fed diets supplemented with SP of the T1 group significantly decreased in the amounts of pentadecanoic and margaric acids compared with the T2 and CON groups. The study concluded that incorporating SP (2 g and 4 g/head daily) into the diet of Omani goats, especially Sahrawi goats, can increase growth performance, as well as improve fatty acid composition and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Al-Yahyaey
- Animal Nutrition Research Division, Ministry of Agriculture Wealth, Fisheries and Water Resources, Rumais, P.O. Box 467, Muscat 100, Oman
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (M.A.S.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Waleed Al-Marzooqi
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, P.O. Box 34, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Ihab Shaat
- Oman Animal and Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, Al Koudh, P.O. Box 92, Muscat 123, Oman;
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Melanie A. Smith
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (M.A.S.); (R.D.B.)
| | - Jamal Al-Sabahi
- Central Instrument Laboratory, College of Agricultural & Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, P.O. Box 34, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Sherif Melak
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Russell D. Bush
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (M.A.S.); (R.D.B.)
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Liu H, He J, Yuan Z, Xie K, He Z, Zhou X, Wang M, He J. Metabolomics Analysis Provides Novel Insights into the Difference in Meat Quality between Different Pig Breeds. Foods 2023; 12:3476. [PMID: 37761184 PMCID: PMC10528157 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chuanzang black (CB) pig is a new crossbred between Chinese local breeds and modern breeds. Here, we investigated the growth performance, plasma indexes, carcass traits, and meat quality characteristics of conventional DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) crossbreed and CB pigs. The LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics of pork from DLY and CB pigs, as well as the relationship between the changes in the metabolic spectrum and meat quality, were analyzed. In this study, CB pigs presented lower final body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, and eye muscle area than DLY pigs (p ˂ 0.05). Conversely, the ratio of feed to gain, marbling score, and meat color score of longissimus dorsi (LD) were higher in CB than DLY pigs (p ˂ 0.05). Moreover, psoas major (PM) showed a higher meat color score and a lower cooking loss in CB than DLY pigs (p ˂ 0.05). Interestingly, CB pigs showed lower myofiber diameter and area but higher myofiber density than DLY pigs (p ˂ 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of MyHC I, PPARδ, MEF2C, NFATC1, and AMPKα1 were higher in CB than DLY pigs (p ˂ 0.05). Importantly, a total of 753 metabolites were detected in the two tissues (e.g., psoas major and longissimus dorsi) of CB and DLY pigs, of which the difference in metabolite profiles in psoas major between crossbreeds was greater than that in longissimus dorsi. Specifically, palmitic acid, stearic acid, L-aspartic acid, corticosterone, and tetrahydrocorticosterone were the most relevant metabolites of psoas major meat quality, and tetrahydrocorticosterone, L-Palmitoylcarnitine, arachidic acid, erucic acid, and 13Z,16Z-docosadienoic acid in longissimus dorsi meat were positively correlated with meat quality. The most significantly enriched KEGG pathways in psoas major and longissimus dorsi pork were galactose metabolism and purine metabolism, respectively. These results not only indicated improved meat quality in CB pigs as compared to DLY pigs but may also assist in rational target selection for nutritional intervention or genetic breeding in the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (H.L.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (K.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zehong Yuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (K.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Kunhong Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (K.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zongze He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (K.X.); (Z.H.)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (H.L.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Man Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (H.L.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Jian He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (H.L.); (X.Z.); (M.W.)
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Attia YA, Basiouni S, Abdulsalam NM, Bovera F, Aboshok AA, Shehata AA, Hafez HM. Alternative to antibiotic growth promoters: beneficial effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation on the growth performance and sustainability of broilers' production. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1259426. [PMID: 37771941 PMCID: PMC10523395 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1259426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although antibiotics growth promoters (AGPs), including zinc-bacitracin (ZnB), can threaten human health due to developing antimicrobial resistance, as well as drug residue in animal and poultry products, ZnB is still widely used, particularly in developing countries, for the sustainability of poultry farming. The present investigation aims to assess the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus, with or without a prebiotic (mannooligosaccharide, MOS), as alternatives to ZnB. For this reason, 150 one-day-old chicks were grouped into six groups, designated negative control, LA, SC, ZnB, SA + MOS, and LA + MOS (5 replicates of 5 chicks for each group). Chicks kept in the control group were fed the basal diet. Chickens kept in LA and SC groups received L. acidophilus, S. cerevisiae at a 1 g/kg diet and 2 g/Kg, respectively. Chickens kept in ZnB received ZnB at 0.5 g/kg. Chicks kept in the SC + MOS and LA + MOS were fed a basal diet containing 2 g S. cerevisiae + 1 g MOS/kg or 1 g L. acidophilus + 1 g MOS /kg, respectively. The efficacy was assessed based on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, nutrient digestibility, and blood biochemistry composition during the entire trial 1-36 days of age. Results showed that chicks kept in the SC group had greater BW than the control (p < 0.05). Chicks kept in the SC, LA, SC + MOS, and LA + MOS consumed less feed than the control and Zn-B groups (p < 0.05). Supplementation with S. cerevisiae resulted in a better (p < 0.05) feed conversion rate (FCR) than the control group. Supplementation with L. acidophilus + MOS significantly increased (p < 0.05) the relative liver weight compared to those supplemented with ZnB, S. cerevisiae, and L. acidophilus. In addition, supplementation with ZnB-induced spleen hypertrophy compared to S. cerevisiae and L. acidophilus-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). Plasma, meat, and liver cholesterol, as well as the cholesterol-to-lipid ratio of meat and liver, were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in both SC and LA groups compared to the control group. Our research indicates that adding 2 g/kg of S. cerevisiae to broiler feed can effectively replace ZnB and enhance productive performance and economic profits, making it a viable and sustainable option for broiler farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A. Attia
- Sustainable Agriculture Production Research Group, Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shereen Basiouni
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Nisreen M. Abdulsalam
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fulvia Bovera
- Sustainable Agriculture Production Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Afaf A. Aboshok
- Department of Poultry Nutrition, Animal Production Research Institute, ARC, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Giza, Egypt
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Structural Biochemistry of Membranes, Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Hafez M. Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Ren Y, Liu L, Zhou S, Li Y, Wang Y, Yang K, Chen W, Zhao S. Effects of Different Proportions of Amaranthus hypochondriacus Stem and Leaf Powder Inclusions on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2818. [PMID: 37760218 PMCID: PMC10525678 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment aimed to study the effects of different proportions of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stem and leaf powder (AHSL) on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, meat quality, and blood biochemical parameters of broilers from day 1 to day 42. The experiment utilized a single-factor experimental design, with a total of 216 one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups (eight replicate cages of nine birds per cage). The dietary treatments included a control diet, a 3% AHSL diet and a 6% AHSL diet for days 0-21. Then, the 3% and 6% AHSL diets were changed to 5% and 10% AHSL for days 22-42. The results showed that the inclusion levels of AHSL did not affect growth performance, carcass traits, or meat quality on days 21 and 42 (p > 0.05). However, the inclusion levels of AHSL decreased the apparent nutrient digestibility (AND) of dry matter (DM) (p ˂ 0.001) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (p ˂ 0.001) and increased the serum concentration of phosphorus (p ˂ 0.001) on day 21. On day 42, the inclusion levels of AHSL decreased the AND of DM (p = 0.025) and NDF content (p ˂ 0.001), but increased the AND of crude protein (CP) (p = 0.004). In particular, the diet containing 10% AHSL significantly increased the serum enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p = 0.046) and the serum concentration of total protein (TP) (p ˂ 0.001) on day 42. Overall, AHSL can be used as a new and effective feed ingredient in broiler diets. It can replace part of the corn-soybean meal diet without any adverse effects, which is beneficial for conserving feed resources. Additionally, AHSL can be included at a level of up to 10% during the broiler growth period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shengjun Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Y.R.); (L.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (K.Y.); (W.C.)
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Haque MA, Iqbal A, Bae H, Lee SE, Park S, Lee YM, Kim JJ. Assessment of genomic breeding values and their accuracies for carcass traits in Jeju Black cattle using whole-genome SNP chip panels. J Anim Breed Genet 2023; 140:519-531. [PMID: 37102238 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the breeding value and accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) of carcass traits in Jeju Black cattle (JBC) using Hanwoo steers and JBC as a reference population using the single-trait animal model. Our research included genotype and phenotype information on 19,154 Hanwoo steers with 1097 JBC acting as the reference population. Likewise, the test population consisted of 418 genotyped JBC individuals with no phenotypic records for those carcass traits. For estimating the accuracy of GEBV, we divided the entire population into three groups. Hanwoo and JBC make up the first group; Hanwoo and JBC, who has both the genotype and phenotypic records, are referred to as the reference (training) population, and JBC, who lacks phenotypic information is referred to as the test (validation) population. The second group consists of the JBC (without phenotype) as the test population and Hanwoo as a reference population with phenotype and genotypic data. The only JBCs in the third group are those who have genotypic and phenotypic data on them as a reference population but no phenotypic data on them as a test population. The single-trait animal model was used in all three groups for statistical purposes. The reference populations estimated heritabilities for carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF), and marbling score (MS) as 0.30, 0.26, 0.26, and 0.34 for the Hanwoo steer and 0.42, 0.27, 0.26, and 0.48 for JBC. The average accuracy for carcass traits in Group 1 was 0.80 for the Hanwoo and JBC reference population compared with 0.73 for the JBC test population. Although the average accuracy for carcass traits in Group 2 was 0.80, it was 0.80 for the Hanwoo reference population and only 0.56 for the JBC test population. The average accuracy for the JBC reference and test populations was 0.68 and 0.50, respectively, when they were included in the accuracy comparison without the Hanwoo reference population. Groups 1 and 2 used Hanwoo as reference population, which led to a better average accuracy; however, Group 3 only used the JBC reference and test population, which led to a lower average accuracy. This might be due to the fact that Group 3 used a smaller reference size than the group that came before it and that the genetic makeup of the Hanwoo and JBC breeds differed. The GEBV accuracy for MS was higher than that of other traits across all three analysis groups, followed by CWT, EMA, and BF, which may be partially explained by the MS traits' higher heritability. This study suggests that in order to achieve more accuracy, a large reference population particular to a breed should be established. Therefore, to increase the accuracy of GEBV prediction and the genetic benefit from genomic selection in JBC, individual reference breeds, and large populations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Azizul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Haechang Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sepil Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yun Mi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Jong Joo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea
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Alam MZ, Haque MA, Iqbal A, Lee YM, Ha JJ, Jin S, Park B, Kim NY, Won JI, Kim JJ. Genome-Wide Association Study to Identify QTL for Carcass Traits in Korean Hanwoo Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2737. [PMID: 37685003 PMCID: PMC10486602 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify genetic associations with carcass traits in Hanwoo cattle using a genome-wide association study. A total of 9302 phenotypes were analyzed, and all animals were genotyped using the Illumina Bovine 50K v.3 SNP chip. Heritabilities for carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF), and marbling score (MS) were estimated as 0.42, 0.36, 0.36, and 0.47, respectively, using the GBLUP model, and 0.47, 0.37, 0.36, and 0.42, respectively, using the Bayes B model. We identified 129 common SNPs using DGEBV and 118 common SNPs using GEBV on BTA6, BTA13, and BTA14, suggesting their potential association with the traits of interest. No common SNPs were found between the GBLUP and Bayes B methods when using residuals as a response variable in GWAS. The most promising candidate genes for CWT included SLIT2, PACRGL, KCNIP4, RP1, XKR4, LYN, RPS20, MOS, FAM110B, UBXN2B, CYP7A1, SDCBP, NSMAF, TOX, CA8, LAP3, FAM184B, and NCAPG. For EMA, the genes IBSP, LAP3, FAM184B, LCORL, NCAPG, SLC30A9, and BEND4 demonstrated significance. Similarly, CYP7B1, ARMC1, PDE7A, and CRH were associated with BF, while CTSZ, GNAS, VAPB, and RAB22A were associated with MS. This finding offers valuable insights into genomic regions and molecular mechanisms influencing Hanwoo carcass traits, aiding efficient breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahangir Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (M.Z.A.); (M.A.H.); (A.I.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Md Azizul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (M.Z.A.); (M.A.H.); (A.I.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (M.Z.A.); (M.A.H.); (A.I.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Yun-Mi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (M.Z.A.); (M.A.H.); (A.I.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Jae-Jung Ha
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 36052, Republic of Korea;
| | - Shil Jin
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25340, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (B.P.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Byoungho Park
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25340, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (B.P.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25340, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (B.P.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Jeong Il Won
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25340, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (B.P.); (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Jong-Joo Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (M.Z.A.); (M.A.H.); (A.I.); (Y.-M.L.)
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Xie K, Sun Y, Deng L, Yu B, Luo Y, Huang Z, Mao X, Yu J, Zheng P, Yan H, Li Y, Li H, He J. Effects of Dietary Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Muscle Flavor Substances in Finishing Pigs. Foods 2023; 12:3047. [PMID: 37628046 PMCID: PMC10453883 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the prohibition of antibiotics in feed, certain phytocompounds have been widely studied as feed additives. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a natural polyphenol found in plants, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory features. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary chlorogenic acid supplementation on growth performance and carcass traits, as well as meat quality, nutrient value and flavor substances of Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs. Forty healthy DLY pigs (initial body weight (BW): 26.69 ± 0.37) were allotted to four treatment groups and were fed with the control diet, which was supplemented with 25 mg kg-1, 50 mg kg-1, and 100 mg kg-1 CGA, respectively. The trial lasted 100 days. The results suggested that dietary CGA supplementation had no effect (p < 0.05) on the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FC). Herein, it was found that 50 mg kg-1 CGA-containing diet not only increased the dressing percentage and perirenal fat, but also reduced the rate of muscular pH decline (p < 0.05). In the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, the myofiber-type-related genes such as the MyHC IIa and MyHC IIX mRNA levels were increased by 100 mg kg-1 CGA. The results also indicated that the 100 mg kg-1 CGA-containing diet increased the content of crude fat, glycogen, total amino acids, and flavor amino acids, but decreased the inosine and hypoxanthine concentration in LT (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the lipogenic gene ACC1 mRNA level was elevated by 50 mg kg-1 CGA. Instead, 100 mg kg-1 CGA downregulated the expression level of NT5C2, an enzyme responsible for inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP) degradation. Additionally, 100 mg kg-1 CGA decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but increased the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) content as well as antioxidant gene (HO-1, NQO-1, NRF2) mRNA levels in LT muscle. These findings showed that dietary CGA could partly improve carcass traits and muscle flavor without negatively affecting growth performance, and the underlying mechanism may be due to the antioxidant properties induced by CGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhong Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yaxin Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Lili Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China;
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China; (K.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.); (Y.L.); (Z.H.); (X.M.); (J.Y.); (P.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu 625014, China
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Hashim M, Gonzalez-Sanchez D, Wealleans A, Abdelkader M, El-Safty SAR, Abdelhady ARY. Effects of Different Doses of Multienzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance, Duodenal pH and Morphology, and Carcass Traits in Broilers Fed Diets with an Increasing Reduction in Energy. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2378. [PMID: 37508155 PMCID: PMC10376475 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of supplementing different doses of a multienzyme (KZP) consisting of carbohydrases and a protease on growth performance, duodenal pH and morphology, and carcass traits in broilers fed diets with increasing reductions in energy. One thousand two hundred one-day-old broiler chicks were allocated to five dietary treatments with eight replicates of 30 birds each: a positive control diet formulated to meet Arbor Acres' nutritional requirements (PC); a negative control diet reformulated to 80 kcal/kg less than the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of the PC (NC1); a negative control diet reformulated to 120 kcal/kg less than the AME of the PC (NC2); an NC1 diet supplemented with 300 g/t of KZP (NC1 + KZP300); and an NC2 supplemented with 500 g/t of KZP (NC2 + KZP500). Growth performance was measured throughout the study. At 35 days, 10 birds per treatment were randomly selected and euthanized for a carcass trait evaluation, and samples of the duodenum were collected for morphological examination and pH level determination. The final average body weight and feed conversion ratio were better (p < 0.05) for the broilers in the NC1 + KZP300 group compared to those in NC1, NC2 and NC2 + KZP500 groups and were similar to those of the PC birds (p > 0.05). Birds from the NC1 + KZP500 group showed a better (p < 0.05) final body weight and feed efficiency compared to the NC1 and NC2 groups. The villus height was greater (p < 0.05) for the PC and NC1 + KZP300 groups compared to the rest of the treatments. The crypt depth was longer (p < 0.05) for the NC1 and NC2 groups compared to the NC1 + KZP300 group. The supplementation of KZP to both the NC1 and NC2 diets reduced (p < 0.05) the abdominal fat %. This study demonstrates that supplementing energy-reduced diets with KZP improved performance in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaad Hashim
- Applied Feed Research House (AFRH), Orabi Community, Obour City 11828, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Salah Abdel Rahman El-Safty
- Applied Feed Research House (AFRH), Orabi Community, Obour City 11828, Egypt
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | - Abdel Rahman Y Abdelhady
- Applied Feed Research House (AFRH), Orabi Community, Obour City 11828, Egypt
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shoubra, Cairo 11241, Egypt
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Abdelrahman MM, Al-Baadani HH, Qaid MM, Al-Garadi MA, Suliman GM, Alobre MM, Al-Mufarrej SI. Using Natural Zeolite as a Feed Additive in Broilers' Diets for Enhancing Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality Traits. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1548. [PMID: 37511923 PMCID: PMC10382045 DOI: 10.3390/life13071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using natural zeolites as a food additive in poultry diets offers an intriguing perspective. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of zeolite addition and particle size on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, moisture of excreta and litter, and intestinal measurements during 35 days. METHODS A total of 560 1-day-old female Ross-308 broilers were divided into five treatment levels (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g zeolite/kg diet) (n = 16 replicates/treatment, n = 8 replicates /particle size of each treatment). Performance was calculated weekly. Carcass characteristics, meat quality, small intestine (SI) measurements, litter pH, and moisture content were determined on day 35. RESULTS Litter pH, breast redness, cooking loss, chewiness, total weight, and SI length were all affected by zeolite treatments (p < 0.05). Particle size had an impact on the gastric pH and texture analysis. Their interaction had an effect on color redness, litter pH, and cooking loss. Performance was unaffected by either the main or interaction effects. CONCLUSION Zeolite as a feed additive may be useful in broiler diets, particularly large particles. The performance and production efficiency factor improved numerically (p > 0.05) with increasing zeolite doses up to 10 g zeolite/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutassim M Abdelrahman
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani H Al-Baadani
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Qaid
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A Al-Garadi
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin M Suliman
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen M Alobre
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud I Al-Mufarrej
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Cracco RC, Ruy IM, Polizel GHG, Fernandes AC, Furlan É, Baldin GC, Santos GEC, Santana MHDA. Evaluation of Maternal Nutrition Effects in the Lifelong Performance of Male Beef Cattle Offspring. Vet Sci 2023; 10:443. [PMID: 37505848 PMCID: PMC10383036 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different prenatal nutrition treatments on pregnant cows and their progeny. One hundred and twenty-six pregnant Nellore cows (455.3 ± 8.1 kg) were allocated in three different nutritional treatments during pregnancy: NP-control, PP-protein-energy supplementation in the last 3 months of pregnancy, and FP-the same supplementation throughout pregnancy. After parturition, all cows and calves received the same environmental and nutrition condition. The body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), ribeye area (REA), backfat thickness (BFT), and rumpfat thickness (RFT) were collected on four occasions during pregnancy in the cows and from birth to finishing in calves. All data (cows and calves) were submitted to an analysis of variance (p < 0.05) using a linear model (MIXED procedure; SAS software). The BW, RFT, and BCS from the cows showed significant differences in the middle third of pregnancy and pre-delivery and RFT postpartum (p < 0.05). For the offspring, the weaning weight showed a tendency (NP lighter than others). In terms of gain, the PP group tended to be higher in RFT at calving (p = 0.06), in REA at finishing (p = 0.09), and in ADG in the same period (p = 0.09). The prenatal nutrition strategies had little or no effect on the beef cattle postnatal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cavalcante Cracco
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Modolo Ruy
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Henrique Gebim Polizel
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Arícia Christofaro Fernandes
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Édison Furlan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Geovana Camila Baldin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gianluca Elmi Chagas Santos
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel Henrique de Almeida Santana
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
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Alonso-García M, Suárez-Vega A, Fonseca PAS, Marina H, Pelayo R, Mateo J, Arranz JJ, Gutiérrez-Gil B. Transcriptome analysis of perirenal fat from Spanish Assaf suckling lamb carcasses showing different levels of kidney knob and channel fat. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1150996. [PMID: 37255997 PMCID: PMC10225515 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1150996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Suckling lamb meat is highly appreciated in European Mediterranean countries because of its mild flavor and soft texture. In suckling lamb carcasses, perirenal and pelvic fat depots account for a large fraction of carcass fat accumulation, and their proportions are used as an indicator of carcass quality. Material and Methods This study aimed to characterize the genetic mechanisms that regulate fat deposition in suckling lambs by evaluating the transcriptomic differences between Spanish Assaf lambs with significantly different proportions of kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF) depots in their carcasses (4 High-KKCF lambs vs. 4 Low-KKCF lambs). Results The analyzed fat tissue showed overall dominant expression of white adipose tissue gene markers, although due to the young age of the animals (17-36 days), the expression of some brown adipose tissue gene markers (e.g., UCP1, CIDEA) was still identified. The transcriptomic comparison between the High-KKCF and Low-KKCF groups revealed a total of 80 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The enrichment analysis of the 49 DEGs with increased expression levels in the Low-KKCF lambs identified significant terms linked to the biosynthesis of lipids and thermogenesis, which may be related to the higher expression of the UCP1 gene in this group. In contrast, the enrichment analysis of the 31 DEGs with increased expression in the High-KKCF lambs highlighted angiogenesis as a key biological process supported by the higher expression of some genes, such as VEGF-A and THBS1, which encode a major angiogenic factor and a large adhesive extracellular matrix glycoprotein, respectively. Discussion The increased expression of sestrins, which are negative regulators of the mTOR complex, suggests that the preadipocyte differentiation stage is being inhibited in the High-KKCF group in favor of adipose tissue expansion, in which vasculogenesis is an essential process. All of these results suggest that the fat depots of the High-KKCF animals are in a later stage of development than those of the Low-KKCF lambs. Further genomic studies based on larger sample sizes and complementary analyses, such as the identification of polymorphisms in the DEGs, should be designed to confirm these results and achieve a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying fat deposition in suckling lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alonso-García
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Pablo A. S. Fonseca
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Héctor Marina
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Rocío Pelayo
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Javier Mateo
- Departamento de Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Juan-José Arranz
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departemento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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Zhu Q, Azad MAK, Dong H, Li C, Li R, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Yin Y, Kong X. Sow-Offspring Diets Supplemented with Probiotics and Synbiotics Are Associated with Offspring's Growth Performance and Meat Quality. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087668. [PMID: 37108828 PMCID: PMC10144797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and synbiotics supplementation have been shown to play potential roles in animal production. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotics and synbiotics supplementation to sows during gestation and lactation and to offspring pigs (sow-offspring) on offspring pigs' growth performance and meat quality. Sixty-four healthy Bama mini-pigs were selected and randomly allocated into four groups after mating: the control, antibiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics groups. After weaning, two offspring pigs per litter were selected, and four offspring pigs from two litters were merged into one pen. The offspring pigs were fed a basal diet and the same feed additive according to their corresponding sows, representing the control group (Con group), sow-offspring antibiotics group (S-OA group), sow-offspring probiotics group (S-OP group), and sow-offspring synbiotics group (S-OS group). Eight pigs per group were euthanized and sampled at 65, 95, and 125 d old for further analyses. Our findings showed that probiotics supplementation in sow-offspring diets promoted growth and feed intake of offspring pigs during 95-125 d old. Moreover, sow-offspring diets supplemented with probiotics and synbiotics altered meat quality (meat color, pH45min, pH24h, drip loss, cooking yield, and shear force), plasma UN and AMM levels, and gene expressions associated with muscle-fiber types (MyHCI, MyHCIIa, MyHCIIx, and MyHCIIb) and muscle growth and development (Myf5, Myf6, MyoD, and MyoG). This study provides a theoretical basis for the maternal-offspring integration regulation of meat quality by dietary probiotics and synbiotics supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Md Abul Kalam Azad
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Chenjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ruixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yating Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research Center of Mini-Pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China
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Grela ER, Kowalczuk-Vasilev E, Świątkiewicz M, Skiba G. Barley, Triticale, or Rye? The Type of Grain Can Affect the Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Sustainable Raised Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081331. [PMID: 37106894 PMCID: PMC10135029 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of high level of barley, triticale, or rye as base of complete mixtures for growing-finishing pigs on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and fatty acid profile in meat and backfat was investigated. The 100-day experiment involved 72 pigs, assigned into three groups (24 animals each). Pigs of each group were kept in six pens (two gilts and two barrows per pen). Diets offered to pigs differed in the proportion of cereals as the leading ingredients in the mixture formulation: I-barley, II-triticale, III-rye. The results showed diversified grain influence on the production results and meat quality. Triticale- and barley-based diets ensured better weight gain and lower carcass fatness than rye (p ≤ 0.05). The basic nutrients digestibility of mixtures containing triticale was comparable to that containing barley and higher than that of rye (p ≤ 0.05). The meat and backfat of pigs receiving diet with triticale or barley was characterized by more favorable fatty acids profile in respect to the health-promoting indicators (atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes; hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio). The cholesterol level in various tissues was the lowest in pigs fed with rye diet, and their meat characterized by better water holding capacity and more SFA. Higher fat saturation indicate better resistance to oxidation during storage and longer meat shelf life. It seems that the supplementation of triticale to diet may improve the growth efficiency of pigs and the health-promoting value of meat, while the supplementation of rye may be better for the production of traditional or long-matured meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeniusz R Grela
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Świątkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska St. 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Skiba
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka St. 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
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26
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Koo Y, Alkhoder H, Choi TJ, Liu Z, Reents R. Genomic evaluation of carcass traits of Korean beef cattle Hanwoo using a single-step marker effect model. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:7099639. [PMID: 37004242 PMCID: PMC10118395 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hanwoo beef cattle are well known for the flavor and tenderness of their meat. Genetic improvement programs have been extremely successful over the last 40 years. Recently, genomic selection was initiated in Hanwoo to enhance genetic progress. Routine genomic evaluation based on the single-step breeding value model was implemented in 2020 for all economically important traits. In this study, we tested a single-step marker effect model for the genomic evaluation of four carcass traits, namely, carcass weight, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, and marbling score. In total, 8,023,666 animals with carcass records were jointly evaluated, including 29,965 genotyped animals. To assess the prediction stability of the single-step model, carcass data from the last four years were removed in a forward validation study. The estimated genomic breeding values (GEBV) of the validation animals and other animals were compared between the truncated and full evaluations. A parallel conventional best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) evaluation with either the full or the truncated dataset was also conducted for comparison with the single-step model. The estimates of the marker effect from the truncated evaluation were highly correlated with those from the full evaluation, ranging from 0.88-0.92. The regression coefficients of the estimates of the marker effect for the full and truncated evaluations were close to their expected value of 1, indicating unbiased estimates for all carcass traits. Estimates of the marker effect revealed three chromosomal regions (chromosomes 4, 6, and 14) harboring the major genes for carcass weight in Hanwoo. For validation of cows or steers, the single-step model had a much higher R2 value for the linear regression model than the conventional BLUP model. Based on the regression intercept and slope of the validation, the single-step evaluation was neither inflated nor deflated. For genotyped animals, the estimated GEBV from the full and truncated evaluations were more correlated than the estimated breeding values from the two conventional BLUP evaluations. The single-step model provided a more accurate and stable evaluation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmo Koo
- Genetic & IT Solutions Department, Korea Animal Improvement Association, Seocho, 06668, Korea
| | - Hatem Alkhoder
- IT Solutions for Animal Production, Heinrich-Schroeder-Weg 1, D-27283 Verden, Germany
| | - Tae-Jeong Choi
- Animal Genetics & Breeding Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, 31000 Korea
| | - Zengting Liu
- IT Solutions for Animal Production, Heinrich-Schroeder-Weg 1, D-27283 Verden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Reents
- IT Solutions for Animal Production, Heinrich-Schroeder-Weg 1, D-27283 Verden, Germany
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27
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Garrido N, Izquierdo M, Hernández-García FI, Núñez Y, García-Torres S, Benítez R, Padilla JÁ, Óvilo C. Differences in Muscle Lipogenic Gene Expression, Carcass Traits and Fat Deposition among Three Iberian Pig Strains Finished in Two Different Feeding Systems. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071138. [PMID: 37048394 PMCID: PMC10092979 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Iberian pig breed includes several well-differentiated strains. The present study evaluated carcass traits, fat deposition and muscle expression of important lipogenic genes (SCD, ME1, ACACA, FASN, EGR1, ACOX and ACLY) using 65 male pigs of 3 Iberian strains (20 Lampiño, 23 Torbiscal, and 22 Retinto) finished either in a conventional, concentrate-based system (CF) or in montanera (MF), a traditional free-range system with acorn feeding. Torbiscal had the highest ham, Longissimus thoracis and prime cuts yields, and the thinnest subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Retinto had the highest monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and percentage of intramuscular fat (IMF), while Lampiño had the greatest content of saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI) indexes in SAT. Conventionally finished pigs had the highest ham, L. thoracis and prime cuts yields, and SFA. Montanera-finished animals had the highest PUFA and MUFA contents, and the lowest AI, TI and n6/n3 ratio in SAT. In relation to gene expression, Retinto had the greatest SCD, FASN and ACLY levels. Most studied genes were overexpressed in CF pigs. In conclusion, MF pigs had healthier fat than CF pigs, and Retinto had the healthiest fat and the greatest lipogenic trend in muscle, supported by IMF and lipogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yolanda Núñez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Ctra. La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rita Benítez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Ctra. La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Á Padilla
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Cristina Óvilo
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Ctra. La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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28
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Kwiecień M, Jachimowicz-Rogowska K, Krupa W, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Krauze M. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of L-Carnitine and Mannan-Oligosaccharides on Growth Performance, Selected Carcass Traits, Content of Basic and Mineral Components in Liver and Muscle Tissues, and Bone Quality in Turkeys. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36830557 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effect of L-carnitine and Bio-Mos administration on selected production performance, slaughter parameters, elemental and mineral content of liver, breast and thigh muscles, and physical, morphometric, strength and bone mineral composition parameters of turkeys. The experiment was conducted on 360 six-week-old Big-6 turkey females, randomly divided into three groups of 120 birds each (six replicates of 20 birds). The turkeys of the control group were fed standard feed without additives; group II was fed with drinking water, a preparation containing L-carnitine at a dose of 0.83 mL/L, while group III was provided mixed feed with 0.5% Bio-Mos. The addition of L-carnitine and Bio-Mos increased body weight at 16 weeks (p = 0.047) and reduced the proportion of fat in the breast muscle (p = 0.029) and liver (p = 0.027). It also modified the content of some minerals in breast muscle, thigh muscle, liver, and bone. Furthermore, the addition of L-carnitine and Bio-Mos increased bone mass and length and modified the value of selected morphometric and strength parameters. The results indicate a positive effect of the applied feed additives on selected rearing indices and carcass quality while improving the elasticity and fracture toughness of the femur. There is a need for further research to determine optimal doses of L-carnitine and Bio-Mos in poultry nutrition.
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29
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Alsubait IS, Alhidary IA, Al-Haidary AA. Effects of Different Levels of Yucca Supplementation on Growth Rates, Metabolic Profiles, Fecal Odor Emissions, and Carcass Traits of Growing Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040755. [PMID: 36830541 PMCID: PMC9952356 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sixty male Awassi lambs were used to investigate the effects of dietary Yucca schidgera extract (YS) on the production, fecal and urinary odor emissions, and carcass traits of growing lambs fed complete pellets. Lambs were fed either a complete pelleted diet without yucca (control) or supplemented with 300 or 600 mg YS/kg dry matter (DM) during the 84-day experiment. The weights and feed consumption of the lambs were measured weekly. Blood samples were taken on days 1, 28, 58, and 84, and ruminal fluid samples were collected on day 70. On day 90, the odor emissions from feces and urine were measured. On day 84, 12 lambs were slaughtered for the evaluation of carcass and meat quality. The final values for bodyweight, bodyweight gain, and feed efficiency of lambs fed the YS300 diet were 3.40%, 6.64%, and 6.17%, respectively, higher (p < 0.05) than those fed the YS600 diet. Additionally, the percentage of dressing, myofibril fragmentation index, and ruminal isovalerate percentage of lambs treated with YS600 were higher than those treated with YS300. Compared with the control, the addition of yucca reduced odor emissions from feces and urine. In conclusion, dietary YS300 had no additional benefits on growth rate, feed efficiency, and carcass traits, while dietary YS600 improved fecal and urinary odors.
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Huang Y, Zhang K, Li Y, Zhang S, Akhatayeva Z, Jiang F, Song E, Lan X. Bovine HOXA11 Gene Identified from RNA-Seq: mRNA Profile Analysis and Genetic Variation Detection Using ME Method and Their Associations with Carcass Traits. Cells 2023; 12. [PMID: 36831206 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Homeobox A11 (HOXA11) gene regulates limb skeletal development and muscle growth, thus, it was selected as a candidate gene for bovine carcass traits. In this study, we analyzed the mRNA expression level of HOXA11 in various tissues and cells, and determined the genetic variations in the HOXA11 gene, which might be used as molecular markers for cattle breeding. The mRNA expression profiles of HOXA11 in bovine different tissues showed that HOXA11 was highly expressed in both fat and muscle. The gene expression trend of HOXA11 in myoblasts and adipocytes indicated that HOXA11 might be involved in the differentiation of bovine myoblasts and adipocytes. The data in the Ensembl database showed that there are two putative insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms in the bovine HOXA11 gene. The insertion site (rs515880802) was located in the upstream region (NC_037331.1: g. 68853364-68853365) and named as P1-Ins-4-bp, and the deletion site (rs517582703) was located in the intronic region (NC_037331.1: g. 68859510-68859517) and named as P2-Del-8-bp. These polymorphisms within the HOXA11 gene were identified and genotyped by PCR amplification, agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing in the 640 Shandong Black Cattle Genetic Resource (SDBCGR) population. Moreover, the mutation frequency was very low after detection, so the mathematical expectation (ME) method was used for detection. Statistical analysis demonstrated that P1-Ins-4-bp was significantly correlated with the beef shoulder (p = 0.012) and tongue root (p = 0.004). Meanwhile, P2-Del-8-bp displayed a significant correlation with the back tendon (p = 0.008), money tendon (p = 2.84 × 10-4), thick flank (p = 0.034), beef shin (p = 9.09 × 10-7), triangle thick flank (p = 0.04), triangle flank (p = 1.00 × 10-6), rump (p = 0.018) and small tenderloin (p = 0.043) in the female SDBCGR population. In summary, these outcomes may provide a new perspective for accelerating the molecular breeding of cattle through marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies.
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Rostamzadeh Mahdabi E, Tian R, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao M, Li H, Yang D, Zhang H, Li S, Esmailizadeh A. Genomic heritability and correlation between carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle evaluated under different ceilings of relatedness among individuals. Front Genet 2023; 14:1053291. [PMID: 36816045 PMCID: PMC9928846 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1053291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of carcass traits to produce meat with high efficiency has been in focus on Japanese Black cattle since 1972. To implement a successful breeding program in carcass production, a comprehensive understanding of genetic characteristics and relationships between the traits is of paramount importance. In this study, genomic heritability and genomic correlation between carcass traits, including carcass weight (CW), rib eye area (REA), rib thickness (RT), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), yield rate (YI), and beef marbling score (BMS) were estimated using the genomic data of 9,850 Japanese Black cattle (4,142 heifers and 5,708 steers). In addition, we investigated the effect of genetic relatedness degree on the estimation of genetic parameters of carcass traits in sub-populations created based on different GRM-cutoff values. Genome-based restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) analysis was applied to estimate genetic parameters. Using all animal data, the heritability values for carcass traits were estimated as moderate to relatively high magnitude, ranging from 0.338 to 0.509 with standard errors, ranging from 0.014 to 0.015. The genetic correlations were obtained low and negative between SFT and REA [-0.198 (0.034)] and between SFT and BMS [-0.096 (0.033)] traits, and high and negative between SFT and YI [-0.634 (0.022)]. REA trait was genetically highly correlated with YI and BMS [0.811 (0.012) and 0.625 (0.022), respectively]. In sub-populations created based on the genetic-relatedness ceiling, the heritability estimates ranged from 0.212 (0.131) to 0.647 (0.066). At the genetic-relatedness ceiling of 0.15, the correlation values between most traits with low genomic correlation were overestimated while the correlations between the traits with relatively moderate to high correlations, ranging from 0.380 to 0.811, were underestimated. The values were steady at the ceilings of 0.30-0.95 (sample size of 5,443-9,850) for most of the highly correlated traits. The results demonstrated that there is considerable genetic variation and also favorable genomic correlations between carcass traits. Therefore, the genetic improvement for the traits can be simultaneously attained through genomic selection. In addition, we observed that depending on the degree of relationship between individuals and sample size, the genomic heritability and correlation estimates for carcass traits may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rugang Tian
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Rugang Tian, ; Ali Esmailizadeh,
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ding Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - SuFan Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ali Esmailizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran,*Correspondence: Rugang Tian, ; Ali Esmailizadeh,
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Alshamiry FA, Alharthi AS, Al-Baadani HH, Aljumaah RS, Alhidary IA. Growth Rates, Carcass Traits, Meat Yield, and Fatty Acid Composition in Growing Lambs under Different Feeding Regimes. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020409. [PMID: 36836766 PMCID: PMC9966752 DOI: 10.3390/life13020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 75 male Awassi (mean BW 23.5 ± 2.0 kg; 3 months old) were used in an 84-day trial to investigate the effects of different feeding regimes on productive performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality, and the fatty acid profile of growing lambs. Animals were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 25 lambs each. The dietary treatments were as follows: (1) whole barley grain (60%) plus alfalfa hay (40%; GB-AH; the basal diet); (2) a concentrate pelleted diet plus alfalfa hay (CP-AH); and (3) a complete pelleted diet (CPD). Feed intake was measured weekly, and all lambs were weighed every two weeks for an evaluation of the productive parameters. Blood samples were collected from all lambs for the measurement of biochemical and enzymatic variables. At the end of the experiment, 13 lambs from each treatment were slaughtered to evaluate the carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition. The final body weight, body weight gain, average daily gain, and feed efficiency of lambs were lowest (p < 0.05) in lambs on the grain and alfalfa diet compared with the other groups. Feeding lambs either the CP-AH or CPD diets resulted (p < 0.05) in increases in slaughter weight, carcass weights (hot and cold), the percentage of liver and shoulder, carcass length, back fat thickness, and the area of longissimus thoracis muscle compared with those lambs on the GB-AF diet. The proportion of saturated fatty acids in meat was greater (p = 0.04) in lambs fed on the GA-AH diet than in those of lambs fed on the pelleted diets. Lambs on the CP-AH diet had (p < 0.05) the highest ratios of PUFA to SFA and omega 6 to omega 3, and the proportion of omega 6. The atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes were lower (p < 0.05) in the CP-AH group compared with the GB-AH group. In conclusion, the results indicate that feeding growing lambs on concentrate pellets instead of whole barley grain improves the growth rate, traits, meat quality, and fatty acid profile, which have important implications for productivity, efficiency, and profitability in the livestock industry.
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Lebret B, Serviento AM, Renaudeau D. Pork quality traits and associated muscle metabolic changes in pigs under chronic prenatal and postnatal heat stress. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad305. [PMID: 37708312 PMCID: PMC10629440 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heat stress (HS) is a major concern affecting pig growth performance and metabolism, with potential consequences on carcass and meat quality traits. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of prenatal (PE) and growing (GE) thermal environments, and their combination, on muscle metabolism, carcass characteristics, and pork quality. From 6 to 109 d of gestation, 12 sows (1 per block) were kept under thermoneutral (TN) conditions (cyclic 18 to 24 °C; PTN) and 12 sows under chronic HS (cyclic 28 to 34 °C; PHS). Two female offspring per sow were selected based on body weight at weaning, for a total of 48 female pigs (12 blocks of 2 sisters from each PE), and one sister was placed in each GE. Gilts were housed from 82 to 140 d of age under cyclic GTN (18 to 24 °C; n = 24) or GHS (28 to 34 °C; n = 24) environments. Data were analyzed using a mixed model including PE, GE, and PE × GE interaction as main effects, and sire, sow within PE, pen within PE × GE, and slaughter day (for plasma, muscle, and meat traits) as random effects. No significant PE × GE interaction was found on any trait under study (P ≥ 0.05). Prenatal HS did not affect growth performance and carcass traits (P ≥ 0.05). Compared with GTN, GHS pigs had lower average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and hot carcass weight (P < 0.01), but similar carcass lean meat content (P ≥ 0.05). Prenatal HS had scarce effects on pork quality, with only higher a* and C* values (P < 0.05) in the Gluteus superficialis. Growing HS led to a higher pH 24 h (P < 0.05) in the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and ham muscles, and higher meat quality index in the ham muscles. In contrast, quality traits of the Semispinalis capitis (SC) were not affected by either PE or GE (P > 0.05). Except a tendency for a higher citrate synthase activity in the SC (P = 0.065), PHS did not affect muscle metabolism. Growing HS induced muscle-specific metabolic responses, with reduced glycolytic potential (P < 0.01) and metabolic enzyme activities (P < 0.05) in the glycolytic LTL, but not in the oxidative SC (P > 0.05). Plasma glucose content at slaughter was lower in the GHS compared with GTN pigs (P = 0.002), indicating an altered energy metabolism in pigs under GHS. Altogether, growing HS altered growth without affecting carcass traits, but improved technological quality of loin and ham. Prenatal HS, alone or combined with GHS, had limited or even no effect on carcass and pork quality.
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Ryan CA, Purfield DC, Naderi S, Berry DP. Associations between polymorphisms in the myostatin gene with calving difficulty and carcass merit in cattle. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad371. [PMID: 37935361 PMCID: PMC10684047 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A fully functional myostatin gene inhibits muscle fiber growth. The objective of the present study was to quantify the association between 21 known myostatin mutations with both calving and carcass traits in 12 cattle breeds. The myostatin genotypes of 32,770 dam-progeny combinations were used in the association analysis of calving dystocia, with the genotypes of 129,803 animals used in the mixed model association analyses of carcass weight, conformation, and fat score. The mixed model included additive genetic, maternal, and permanent environmental effects where appropriate. The mutant genotypes of nt821, Q204X, and F94L were all associated (P < 0.01) with more calving difficulty when present in either the dam or the progeny. The nt821 deletion had the greatest association with calving difficulty when the homozygous deletion was present in either the calf (0.37 points greater calving difficulty score relative to calves carrying no copies of the deletion based on a one to four scale) or the dam (1.30 points greater calving difficulty score relative to dams carrying no copies of the deletion), although the association between the calf's nt821 genotype and calving difficulty differed depending on the nt821 genotype of the dam. With the exception of nt748_78, nt414, and nt374_51, all other seven segregating myostatin variants were associated (range of allele substitution effect size relative to animals with no copies of the mutant allele) with carcass weight (2.36 kg lighter to 15.56 kg heavier), all 10 segregating variants with conformation (0.15 units less conformed to 2.24 units more conformed assessed on a scale of 1 to 15), and all segregating variants other than E226X with carcass fat (0.23 units less carcass fat cover to 3.85 units more carcass fat cover assessed on a scale of 1 to 15). Of these, the F94L, Q204X, and nt821 mutations generally had the greatest association with all three carcass traits, giving rise to heavier and more conformed carcasses. Despite the antagonistic genetic relationship between calving difficulty and carcass traits, the nt374_51, F94L, and E226X mutations were all associated with improved carcass merit while having minimal expected consequences on calving difficulty. Thus, animals carrying these mutation(s) may have favorable genetic merit for calving difficulty and carcass merit. Furthermore, depending on the dam genotype, a bull with two copies of the nt821 mutation can produce progeny with improved carcass merit while minimizing calving problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliona A Ryan
- Department of Animal Bioscience, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre C Purfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Saeid Naderi
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Donagh P Berry
- Department of Animal Bioscience, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Hong J, Clizer D, Cline P, Samuel R. Effects of branched-chain amino acids to lysine ratios in corn distillers dried grains with solubles containing diets on growth performance, plasma nitrogen profile, carcass traits, and economic analysis in growing-finishing pigs. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad066. [PMID: 37455942 PMCID: PMC10347966 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to identify the effects of standardized ileal digestible (SID) branched-chain amino acids (BCAA):lysine (Lys) ratios on the growth performance, plasma nitrogen (N) profile, carcass traits, and economic analysis of growing-finishing pigs fed diets with high corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS) inclusions. A total of 1,140 pigs (initial body weight [BW] = 28.7 ± 2.0 kg) were housed in 45 pens of 25 or 26 pigs and fed one of five diets in a randomized complete block design. Experimental diets were fed in four phases based on BW. Dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal (SBM) based diet (PC), a corn-SBM-cDDGS-based diet (NC) with SID BCAA:Lys ratio of PIC (2020) recommendation and NC diets with SID BCAA:Lys ratios targeted for the 73% SID Val:Lys, 60% SID Ile:Lys, and 144% SID Leu:Lys during the growing phases (25 to 80 kg, Grow), targeted for the 78% SID Val:Lys, 70% SID Ile:Lys, and 160% to 170% SID Leu:Lys during the finishing phases (80 to 120 kg, finish), and both during the growing and finishing phases (Grow-Finish). One pig from each pen was bled at the end of 7 and 13 wk. After the 11-wk-feeding trial, pigs were sent to a commercial abattoir to investigate carcass traits. Pigs fed the Finish diet had a greater overall average daily gain (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the other cDDGS diets. Dietary treatments did not affect the hot carcass weight. However, feeding the Finish diet increased (P < 0.05) the iodine value of pork belly samples and decreased (P < 0.05) carcass yield. The plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentration at the end of the growing phase and plasma concentrations of Leu and Val were greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the Finish diet compared to the other cDDGS diets. Feeding pigs the cDDGS diets with different BCAA:Lys ratios had no difference in income over feed cost and income over feed and facility costs compared to the corn-SBM diet. Therefore, feeding pigs cDDGS diets with SID BCAA:Lys ratios adjusted for the previously determined finishing phase (from 80 to 120 kg of BW) recommendations by SBM inclusion supported growth performance and economic benefits equal to the corn-SBM diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Hong
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | | | - Paul Cline
- Christensen Farms, Sleepy Eye, MN 56085, USA
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Liu Z, Lei X, Li J, Zhong Y, Tan D, Zhang Q, Kong Z. Effects of fermented Andrographis paniculata on growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and intestinal health in Muscovy ducks. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102461. [PMID: 36709554 PMCID: PMC9900618 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the effects of unfermented and fermented Andrographis paniculata on growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and intestinal health in Muscovy ducks. A total of 450 (16-day-old) Muscovy ducks weighing 271.44 ± 8.25 g were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments (6 replicate pens of 15 ducks per treatment), consisting of one control treatment (basal diet without A. paniculata), one unfermented A. paniculata treatment (basal diet plus 30 g/kg unfermented A. paniculata) and 3 fermented A. paniculata treatments (basal diet plus 10, 30, and 50 g/kg). 30 g/kg unfermented A. paniculata increased the ADG, thymus index, peripheral blood lymphocyte conversion rate, villi height, intestinal thickness, villi surface area, intraepithelial lymphocytes rate, while decreased the FCR. 10 g/kg fermented A. paniculata markedly boosted ADG, bursa of fabricius index, thymus index, serum lysozyme, lymphocyte conversion rate, villi height, vilii width, intestinal thickness, villi surface area, while decreased the FCR. 30 g/kg fermented A. paniculata clearly improved ADG, bursa of fabricius index, thymus index, serum lysozyme, lymphocyte conversion rate, villi height, vilii width, intestinal thickness, villi surface area, intraepithelial lymphocytes, while decreased FCR. 50 g/kg fermented A. paniculata significantly increased villi height, vilii width, and villi surface area, while clearly reduced BW. Additionally, compared to 30 g/kg unfermented A. paniculata, 30 g/kg fermented A. paniculata obviously increased bursa of fabricius indices, lymphocyte conversion rate, vilii width, villi surface area. On top of that, supplementation with unfermented and fermented A. paniculata (30 g/kg each) decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria (Succinivibrio, Succinatimonas, Sphaerochaeta, and Mucispirillum) and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Rikenellaceae, Methanocorpusculum, Fournierella, Ruminococcaceae) in the ceca of the ducks. However, fermented A. paniculata had considerable better effects than unfermented A. paniculate on all above measured indices. Overall, these results revealed that supplementation with unfermented and fermented A. paniculata across different treatments improved growth, immune status, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiota composition and structure in Muscovy ducks, making it a potential alternative to antibiotics in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaowen Lei
- Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Gannan Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
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Luo W, Huang Y, Qiu X, Zhuo W, Tao Y, Wang S, Li H, Shen J, Zhao L, Zhang L, Li S, Liu J, Huang Q, Zhou R. Growth-Promoting Effects of Zhenqi Granules on Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36552440 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing nonantibiotic livestock growth promoters attracts intensive interest in the post-antibiotic era. In this study, we investigated the growth-promoting efficacy of Zhenqi granules (ZQ) in pigs and further explored the possible mechanisms by transcriptomics analysis. Weaned piglets (52 days old with an average body weight of 17.92 kg) were fed with diets supplemented with different doses of ZQ (0 g/kg, 1 g/kg, and 2 g/kg) for 30 days and continued observations for an additional 32 days after removing ZQ from the diets. Compared with the control group, the average daily gain, carcass weight, average back fat thickness, and fat meat percentage of the group supplemented with 1 g/kg of ZQ showed a significant increase, and the feed/gain ratio was lower. The group supplemented with 2 g/kg of ZQ also showed a significant increase in average daily gain and average backfat thickness. A transcriptomics analysis revealed that the supplementation of ZQ at 1 g/kg upregulated the expression of genes related to collagen biosynthesis and lipid biosynthesis in skeletal muscle and liver. This effect was primarily through upregulating the mRNA levels of structural proteins and lipid-related enzymes. This study demonstrates the growth-promoting efficacy of ZQ and provides some insights of the mechanism of growth promotion.
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Yan E, Wang Y, He L, Guo J, Zhang X, Yin J. Effects of Dietary L-malic Acid Supplementation on Meat Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Muscle Fiber Characteristics of Finishing Pigs. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213335. [PMID: 36359950 PMCID: PMC9656922 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
L-malic acid is a vital intermediate in the citric acid cycle and has been reported to improve the antioxidant capacity and aerobic oxidation of weaned piglets; however, its application in finishing pigs is limited at present. This study explored the effects of dietary L-malic acid supplementation on the carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. In a 45-day experiment, 192 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs (75.01 ± 0.51 kg) were divided into four treatments, i.e., a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% L-malic acid complex. The results showed that L-malic acid supplementation had no effects on the growth performance of finishing pigs. Importantly, L-malic acid significantly increased redness (a*) value at 24-h postmortem (quadratic, p < 0.05) and tended to increase the proportion of oxymyoglobin (OMb) (quadratic, p = 0.10), as well as the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity (quadratic, p = 0.08) in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. Further, dietary supplementation of 1% L-malic acid markedly increased the protein expression level of slow skeletal myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in the LD muscle (p < 0.05). Moreover, 0.5% and 2% L-malic acid supplementation significantly increased carcass length and loin eye area (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary L-malic acid could effectively improve the meat color and carcass traits of finishing pigs.
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Mwangi FW, Savage D, Gardiner CP, Charmley E, Malau-Aduli BS, Kinobe RT, Malau-Aduli AEO. Feedlot growth performance and carcass characteristics of steers backgrounded on buffel grass or buffel-Desmanthus mixed pastures. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:898325. [PMID: 36268043 PMCID: PMC9577290 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.898325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of tropical beef steers backgrounded on buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) only or buffel grass oversown with desmanthus (Desmanthus spp. ; 11.5% initial sward botanical composition) were evaluated. It was hypothesized that tropical beef cattle steers backgrounded on buffel grass only or buffel grass oversown with desmanthus with similar backgrounding growth performance will not differ in feedlot growth performance and carcass quality. Three hundred and twelve Bos indicus × Bos taurus tropical composite steers, 20-23 months old and weighing 413 ± 24 kg, previously backgrounded on buffel grass only or buffel-desmanthus mixed pastures for 147 days were finished on a concentrate diet in the feedlot for 110 days before slaughter. Buffel-desmanthus backgrounded steers had a slightly higher average daily gain (ADG; 1.8 kg/day) than the buffel grass backgrounded steers that had 1.7 kg/day ADG (p < 0.01). However, the final live weight and dry matter intake were not different (p ≥ 0.59). All the carcass traits measured were not different (p ≥ 0.18). Only 4% buffel grass and 8% buffel-desmanthus backgrounded steers fell short of the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) index, a level that is within the 4-9% reported for cattle produced in Queensland and slaughtered between July 2019 and June 2020. These findings indicate that desmanthus can be used to background beef cattle in northern Australia vertosol soil regions, where there is a paucity of adapted pasture legumes, with no negative impact on feedlot performance and carcass quality. The hypothesis that tropical beef cattle steers backgrounded on buffel grass only pastures or buffel grass oversown with desmanthus with similar backgrounding growth performance will have similar feedlot growth performance and carcass quality was accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felista Waithira Mwangi
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Darryl Savage
- North Australian Pastoral Company, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher Peter Gardiner
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Edward Charmley
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Mail Bag Aitkenvale, Australian Tropical Sciences and Innovation Precinct, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert Tumwesigye Kinobe
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Birolo M, Xiccato G, Bordignon F, Dabbou S, Zuffellato A, Trocino A. Growth Performance, Digestive Efficiency, and Meat Quality of Two Commercial Crossbred Rabbits Fed Diets Differing in Energy and Protein Levels. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36139287 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of digestible energy (DE) and crude protein (CP) levels on growth, digestive efficiency, slaughter yield and meat quality in growing rabbits of two genotypes (Grimaud, G vs. Hyla, H). A total of 384 crossbred rabbits (192 G and 192 H), half males and half females, were divided into eight experimental groups according to a bi-factorial arrangement (2 genotypes × 4 diets; 48 animals/group) and reared in individual cages. From 33 to 64 days of age, rabbits were fed four diets obtained by combining two DE levels (high, HE—10.9 MJ/kg vs. low, LE—9.2 MJ/kg, on average) and two CP levels (high, HP—159 g/kg vs. low, LP—144 g/kg, on average). Then, all rabbits received the same fattening diet (10.7 MJ DE/kg; 156 g CP/kg) until slaughtering (77 days of age). Growth performance did not differ between genotypes for the entire trial (on average final live weight 3010 g; daily weight gain 50.5 g/d), but H rabbits showed a faster growth during the post-weaning period (p ≤ 0.01) compared to G rabbits, while exhibiting lower slaughter yield and lower carcass fatness (p ≤ 0.01). As DE level increased, feed intake decreased and feed conversion improved (p < 0.001), while caecal volatile fatty acid concentration increased and caecal pH and N-ammonia decreased (p ≤ 0.01). The reduction in the CP level did not affect performance and carcass traits. No significant interaction was detected between genotype and diet. In conclusion, G rabbits may have an advantage over H rabbits because of the higher slaughter yield. As for the nutritional characteristics of diets for high-producing crossbred rabbits, high energy levels are confirmed to enhance feed efficiency, whereas dietary CP can be reduced to 144 g/kg without negative effects on performance and carcass traits.
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Dorantes-Iturbide G, Orzuna-Orzuna JF, Lara-Bueno A, Mendoza-Martínez GD, Miranda-Romero LA, Lee-Rangel HA. Essential Oils as a Dietary Additive for Small Ruminants: A Meta-Analysis on Performance, Rumen Parameters, Serum Metabolites, and Product Quality. Vet Sci 2022; 9. [PMID: 36136691 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing pressure to identify natural feed additives that improve the productivity and health of livestock, without affecting the quality of derived products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with essential oils (EOs) on productive performance, rumen parameters, serum metabolites, and quality of products (meat and milk) derived from small ruminants by means of a meta-analysis. Seventy-four peer-reviewed publications were included in the data set. Weighted mean differences (WMD) between the EOs treatments and the control treatment were used to assess the magnitude of effect. Dietary inclusion of EOs increased (p < 0.05) dry matter intake (WMD = 0.021 kg/d), dry matter digestibility (WMD = 14.11 g/kg of DM), daily weight gain (WMD = 0.008 kg/d), and feed conversion ratio (WMD = −0.111). The inclusion of EOs in small ruminants’ diets decreased (p < 0.05) ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration (WMD = −0.310 mg/dL), total protozoa (WMD = −1.426 × 105/mL), methanogens (WMD = −0.60 × 107/mL), and enteric methane emissions (WMD = −3.93 L/d) and increased ruminal propionate concentration (WMD = 0.726 mol/100 mol, p < 0.001). The serum urea concentration was lower (WMD = −0.688 mg/dL; p = 0.009), but serum catalase (WMD = 0.204 ng/mL), superoxide dismutase (WMD = 0.037 ng/mL), and total antioxidant capacity (WMD = 0.749 U/mL) were higher (p < 0.05) in response to EOs supplementation. In meat, EOs supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) the cooking loss (WMD = −0.617 g/100 g), malondialdehyde content (WMD = −0.029 mg/kg of meat), yellowness (WMD = −0.316), and total viable bacterial count (WMD = −0.780 CFU/g of meat). There was higher (p < 0.05) milk production (WMD = 0.113 kg/d), feed efficiency (WMD = 0.039 kg/kg), protein (WMD = 0.059 g/100 g), and lactose content in the milk (WMD = 0.100 g/100 g), as well as lower somatic cell counts in milk (WMD = −0.910 × 103 cells/mL) in response to EOs supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with EOs improves productive performance as well as meat and milk quality of small ruminants. In addition, EOs improve antioxidant status in blood serum and rumen fermentation and decrease environmental impact.
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Caffarini JG, Bresolin T, Dorea JRR. Predicting ribeye area and circularity in live calves through 3D image analyses of body surface. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac242. [PMID: 35852484 PMCID: PMC9495505 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of sexed semen at dairy farms has improved heifer replacement over the last decade by allowing greater control over the number of retained females and enabling the selection of dams with superior genetics. Alternatively, beef semen can be used in genetically inferior dairy cows to produce crossbred (beef x dairy) animals that can be sold at a higher price. Although crossbreeding became profitable for dairy farmers, meat cuts from beef x dairy crosses often lack quality and shape uniformity. Technologies for quickly predicting carcass traits for animal grouping before harvest may improve meat cut uniformity in crossbred cattle. Our objective was to develop a deep learning approach for predicting ribeye area and circularity of live animals through 3D body surface images using two neural networks: 1) nested Pyramid Scene Parsing Network (nPSPNet) for extracting features and 2) Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for estimating ribeye area and circularity from these features. A group of 56 calves were imaged using an Intel RealSense D435 camera. A total of 327 depth images were captured from 30 calves and labeled with masks outlining the calf body to train the nPSPNet for feature extraction. Additional 42,536 depth images were taken from the remaining 26 calves along with three ultrasound images collected for each calf from the 12/13th ribs. The ultrasound images (three by calf) were manually segmented to calculate the average ribeye area and circularity and then paired with the depth images for CNN training. We implemented a nested cross-validation approach, in which all images for one calf were removed (leave-one-out, LOO), and the remaining calves were further divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets within each LOO iteration. The proposed model predicted ribeye area with an average coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.74% and 7.3% mean absolute error of prediction (MAEP) and the ribeye circularity with an average R2 of 0.87% and 2.4% MAEP. Our results indicate that computer vision systems could be used to predict ribeye area and circularity in live animals, allowing optimal management decisions toward smart animal grouping in beef x dairy crosses and purebred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Caffarini
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, –Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Tiago Bresolin
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, –Madison, WI 53703, USA
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Kim HJ, de Las Heras-Saldana S, Moghaddar N, Lee SH, Lim D, van der Werf JHJ. Genome-wide association study for carcass traits in Hanwoo cattle using additional relatives' information of non-genotyped animals. Anim Genet 2022; 53:863-866. [PMID: 35993261 DOI: 10.1111/age.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find significant genomic regions associated with carcass traits in Hanwoo cattle and to compare the benefit of using additional information from non-genotyped animals. Imputed whole-genome sequence data were used along with phenotypic data on 13 715 genotyped animals as well as phenotypes of 440 284 non-genotyped animals that were offspring of 454 genotyped sires. For carcass weight, 15 083 SNPs in 33 QTL regions and 313 candidate genes were identified. We found 410 SNPs in 17 QTL regions containing 122 candidate genes for back fat thickness. In total, 656 SNPs in 19 QTLs with 137 candidate genes for eye muscle area and 79 SNPs in 12 QTL regions with 77 candidate genes were identified for marbling score. The most important candidate genes included ZFAT, TG, PLAG1, CHCHD7, and TOX for carcass weight and eye muscle area, NOG for back fat thickness, and EVOVL5 for marbling score. This study showed that the use of phenotypic records on non-genotyped progeny along with imputed whole-genome sequence data increased the power of detecting new significant genomic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoun Ju Kim
- School of Environmental & Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.,Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Sara de Las Heras-Saldana
- School of Environmental & Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.,Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nasir Moghaddar
- School of Environmental & Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dajeong Lim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Korea
| | - Julius H J van der Werf
- School of Environmental & Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Gurung R, Ale KB, Abrahamsen FW, Moyer K, Sawyer JT, Gurung NK. Carcass Traits of Growing Meat Goats Fed Different Levels of Hempseed Meal. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35953974 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hempseed meal (HSM) is the byproduct of hemp seeds and is rich in crude protein and fiber, making it an ideal candidate as a feedstuff for ruminants. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of HSM on the carcass traits of crossbred Boer goats. Forty castrated goat kids (approximately six months, 25.63 ± 0.33 kg) were assigned to one of four treatments (n = 10) in a completely randomized design. Goats were fed pelleted diets (50% forage and 50% concentrate) with additional supplementation of HSM: control with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of the total diets. Goats were harvested and processed after a 60-day feeding trial. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the mean values of dressing percentages, carcass weights, body wall thickness, and ribeye area among treatments. Marbling scores and percentages of moisture, fats, proteins, and collagen in the muscles showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) among the treatments. Results suggest that including up to 30% of HSM in the diet of growing meat goats does not affect their carcass traits.
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Zhu C, Yang J, Nie X, Wu Q, Wang L, Jiang Z. Influences of Dietary Vitamin E, Selenium-Enriched Yeast, and Soy Isoflavone Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality and Gut Microbiota in Finishing Pigs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081510. [PMID: 36009229 PMCID: PMC9405041 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary compound antioxidants on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, carcass traits, meat quality, and gut microbiota in finishing pigs. A total of 36 barrows were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 6 replicates. The pigs were fed with a basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg vitamin E, 0.3 mg/kg selenium-enriched yeast, and 20 mg/kg soy isoflavone. Dietary compound antioxidants decreased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) at d 14−28 in finishing pigs (p < 0.05). The plasma total protein, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were decreased while the plasma glutathione (GSH) to glutathione oxidized (GSSG) ratio (GSH/GSSG) was increased by compound antioxidants (p < 0.05). Dietary compound antioxidants increased loin area and b* value at 45 min, decreased backfat thickness at last rib, and drip loss at 48 h (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of colonic Peptococcus at the genus level was increased and ileal Turicibacter_sp_H121 abundance at the species level was decreased by dietary compound antioxidants. Spearman analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the relative abundance of colonic Peptococcus and plasma MDA concentration and meat drip loss at 48 h. Collectively, dietary supplementation with compound antioxidants of vitamin E, selenium-enrich yeast, and soy isoflavone could improve feed efficiency and antioxidant capacity, and modify the backfat thickness and meat quality through modulation of the gut microbiota community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (C.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.N.)
| | - Jingsen Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (C.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.N.)
| | - Xiaoyan Nie
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (C.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.N.)
| | - Qiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (Z.J.)
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Selim S, Abdel-Megeid NS, Khalifa HK, Fakiha KG, Majrashi KA, Hussein E. Efficacy of Various Feed Additives on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Bone Quality, Blood Constituents, and Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization of Broiler Chickens Fed Low Phosphorus Diet. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141742. [PMID: 35883289 PMCID: PMC9312087 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present trial was designed to assess the effect of phytase, multi-strain probiotic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and fumaric acid on performance, nutrient digestibility, bone physical parameters and mineralization, blood constituents, bone and gut histomorphology, and duodenal phosphorus transporter genes of broiler chickens fed a decreased non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) diet for 5 weeks. A total of 480 broiler chickens were allotted to six dietary groups and eight replicates each: (1) positive control diet with recommended levels of nPP (PC; 0.48, 0.44, and 0.41% in the three feeding phases); (2) negative control diet with a decreased dietary nPP (NC; 0.28, 0.24, and 0.21% in the three feeding phases); (3) NC + 600 FTU/kg phytase (PHY); (4) NC + 0.05% multi-strain probiotic (PRO); (5) NC + 0.2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC); and (6) NC + 0.2% fumaric acid. Growth performance data were recorded weekly, and blood sampling was performed at days 21 and 35 of age. Bone quality traits, gut and tibia histology, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal gene expression analyses were conducted at the end of the trial (35 days of age). Final body weight and total gain at day 35 of age of the broiler chickens fed with the PHY, PRO, and SC diets were greater (p < 0.01) than in NC, where broilers fed with the PRO and PHY diets had higher values and were similar to that of PC. There was a non-significant variation in the cumulative feed intake among the treatment groups. The PHY and PRO groups had better FCR than the PC group (p < 0.05), and FA and SC had an FCR equivalent to that of PC. The PHY and PRO broilers had greater dressing % than the NC group (p < 0.05) and even better than PC. The PHY, PRO, SC, and FA broilers had higher relative weights of spleen and bursa of Fabricius (p < 0.01) than NC. In comparison to NC, the PHY, PRO, and SC groups improved (p < 0.05) CP, CF, Ca, and P digestibility. Greater tibia breaking strength of the low nPP-supplemented groups was shown to be associated with higher tibia ash, Ca, and P concentrations (p < 0.01) and increased (p < 0.001) tibia cortical area thickness. At days 21 and 35 of age, the dietary supplements to low nPP diets reduced (p < 0.05) serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, glucose, and alkaline phosphatase levels, while serum Ca and P concentrations were improved (p < 0.05) compared to NC. All supplements led to enhancement (p < 0.01) in villi height and width and villi absorptive surface area when compared with NC and were even comparable to that of PC. The mRNA expression of NaP-IIb was up-regulated (p < 0.001) in the duodenum of PRO and FA broilers at day 35 of age compared with NC, and their expression levels were similar to that of PC, indicating greater P availability. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of PHY, PRO, SC, and FA to a low nPP diet was advantageous and mitigated the negative impacts of P reduction on the growth performance, health, nutrient digestibility, and bone quality of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Selim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Nazema S. Abdel-Megeid
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Hanem K. Khalifa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Khloud G. Fakiha
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21493, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kamlah A. Majrashi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eman Hussein
- Department of Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Menoufia, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt;
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Li X, Jiang E, Zhang K, Zhang S, Jiang F, Song E, Chen H, Guo P, Lan X. Genetic Variations within the Bovine CRY2 Gene Are Significantly Associated with Carcass Traits. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35804515 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important part of the circadian rhythm, the circadian regulation factor 2 of cryptochrome (CRY2), regulates many physiological functions. Previous studies have reported that CRY2 is involved in growth and development. However, the relationship between CRY2 gene polymorphism and cattle carcass traits remains unclear. The aim of this study was to detect the possible variations of the CRY2 gene and elucidate the association between the CRY2 gene and carcass traits in the Shandong Black Cattle Genetic Resource (SDBCGR) population (n = 705). We identified a 24-bp deletion variation (CRY2-P6) and a 6-bp insertion variation (CRY2-P7) in the bovine CRY2 gene. The frequency of the homozygous II genotype is higher than the heterozygous ID genotype in both two loci. In addition, CRY2-P6 was consistent with HWE (p > 0.05). Importantly, the CRY2-P6 variant was significantly associated with 12 carcass traits, including gross weight, ribeye, high rib, thick flank, etc. and the II was the dominant genotype. The CRY2-P7 site was also significantly correlated with five traits (gross weight, beef-tongue, etc.). Collectively, these outcomes indicated that the two Indel loci in the CRY2 gene could be used for marker-assisted selection of cattle carcass traits.
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Soulat J, Picard B, Bord C, Monteils V. Characterization of Four Rearing Managements and Their Influence on Carcass and Meat Qualities in Charolais Heifers. Foods 2022; 11:1262. [PMID: 35563984 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aim was to identify the effects of the rearing management applied throughout the heifers’ life on the carcass (e.g., conformation, marbling, fat) and meat (color, texture, and sensory profiles) properties. From the individual data of 171 heifers from 25 commercial farms, a typology of four rearing managements was established from 50 rearing factors. The managements had an effect on the conformation, the color (fat and muscle), and the rhomboideus grain meat, for the carcass, and the lightness, the atypical flavor, and the overall acceptability for the longissimus (LM) meat. The carcass traits compared to the meat were more sensitive to a change of rearing management. Our results confirmed that it was possible to target the same carcass or meat quality from different managements. Moreover, according to the aims of the targeted carcass and LM meat quality, management 3 could be an interesting trade-off to jointly manage the quality of both products. For example, the carcasses that were produced had a high conformation, smooth meat grain and the LM meat was more liked. This management was intermediate compared to the other rearing managements and had a long fattening period with a diet mainly based on conserved grass and a high concentrate quantity.
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Yaqoob MU, Yousaf M, Khan MI, Wang M. Effect of β-Mannanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Ileal Digestibility, Carcass Traits, Intestinal Morphology, and Meat Quality in Broilers Fed Low-ME Diets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1126. [PMID: 35565553 PMCID: PMC9104386 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiment was designed to analyze the effect of low caloric diets, supplemented with β-mannanase on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and other parameters in broilers. In this study, 400 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatments (Cont: without β-mannanase; LM-30, MM-60, and HM-90: supplemented with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg β-mannanase, respectively). Dietary metabolizable energy (ME) in Cont was standard (starter diet 3100 kcal/kg; finisher diet 3200 kcal/kg) and reduced by 30, 60, and 90 kcal/kg, correspondingly in β-mannanase-supplemented treatments. The results exhibited that growth performance was not affected by reducing dietary energy levels with supplementation of β-mannanase. Ileal digestibility of DM and CF was improved (p < 0.01) by supplementation of β-mannanase at low dietary ME levels. Concerning carcass traits, the relative weight of breast meat, drumstick, and abdominal fat increased (p < 0.05) with β-mannanase supplementation in low-ME diets. Treatment HM-90 showed significantly (p < 0.05) better results regarding villus height and VH:CD. It could be concluded from the present results that supplementation of β-mannanase could improve the nutrient digestibility so that it is possible to reduce the dietary energy level without compromising production performance, carcass trails, and meat quality in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Yaqoob
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Issa Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Minqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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Ncogo Nchama CN, Fabro C, Baldini M, Saccà E, Foletto V, Piasentier E, Sepulcri A, Corazzin M. Hempseed By-Product in Diets of Italian Simmental Cull Dairy Cows and Its Effects on Animal Performance and Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35454260 DOI: 10.3390/ani12081014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cull dairy cows are important contributors to total beef production in the USA and in Europe. Hempseed cake is a by-product of oil production and it is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (FA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding hempseed cake to the diet of Italian Simmental (IS) cull dairy cows on performances and meat quality. Twenty-six cull dairy cows were divided into three dietary groups: hay-based, corn silage-based and pasture-based diets. Within each group, the animals were equally divided into two treatments according to the protein source of the concentrate: hempseed cake (HEMP) or soybeans meal (SB). The trial lasted four months. HEMP showed similar in vivo performance and carcass characteristics, such as average daily gain (p > 0.05) and dressing percentage (p > 0.05), compared with SB. Meat characteristics, such as ether extract content and Warner−Bratzler shear force, were also similar between experimental groups (p > 0.05). Considering FA composition, HEMP showed similar saturated FA and polyunsaturated FA content (p > 0.05) but lower desirable fatty acids (p < 0.05) content and a tendentially lower hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (p < 0.10) than SFA. Hempseed cake can substitute soybean in the diet of cull dairy cows without effects on performance or meat quality.
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