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Duan P, Yang Y, Hou L, Wu Y, Li J, Xu C, Guo T. Residual Black Wolfberry Fruit Improves Meat Quality of Sheep by Enhancing Immune and Antioxidant Capacity. Vet Sci 2025; 12:324. [PMID: 40284826 PMCID: PMC12030814 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2025] [Revised: 03/28/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
The residual black wolfberry fruit (RBWF), rich in nutrients and active substances, has the potential to serve as an antibiotic alternative. This study evaluated the concentration-dependent effects of RBWF on serum biochemistry, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of fattening sheep. Forty 3-month-old sheep were randomly assigned into four groups with 10 replicates in each group and fed experimental RBWF-supplemented diets (0%, 2%, 5%, and 8%). The results showed that RBWF supplementation significantly increased the serum levels of TP, BUN, ALT, AST, IgA, IgM, T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-Px in sheep (p < 0.05), while significantly decreasing the levels of LDH, TG, LDL-c, IgG, and MDA (p < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary RBWF significantly increased the VB1 and IMP levels in the longissimus dorsi muscle of sheep (p < 0.05) and significantly decreased the contents of fat and cholesterol (p < 0.05). Finally, RBWF increased the contents of C20:4 and Glu (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with RBWF can improve the immune and antioxidant capacity of sheep and has a certain effect on improving the flavor of meat, of which 5% is the best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Duan
- Feed Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (P.D.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Feed Biotechnology, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yuxia Yang
- Feed Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (P.D.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Feed Biotechnology, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Liangzhong Hou
- Feed Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (P.D.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Feed Biotechnology, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Xinjiang Quality Basic Development Research Institute, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Feed Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (P.D.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Feed Biotechnology, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Congbin Xu
- Feed Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (P.D.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Feed Biotechnology, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Tongjun Guo
- Feed Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Animal Husbandry Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (P.D.); (Y.Y.); (C.X.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Livestock Feed Biotechnology, Urumqi 830011, China
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Huang Y, Lei Y, Shi J, Liu W, Zhang X, He P, Ma Y, Zhang X, Cao Y, Cheng Q, Zhang Z, Lei Z. Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on carcass traits, muscle fiber structure, oxidative stability, meat quality, and regulatory mechanisms in Holstein steers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2025; 105:3097-3110. [PMID: 39821900 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation for beef cattle, using natural plant extracts, such as oregano essential oil (OEO), has proven effective in enhancing growth performance, beef production quantity and quality, and ensuring food safety. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of OEO on carcass traits, muscle fiber structure, meat quality, oxidative status, flavor compounds, and gene regulatory mechanisms in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles of beef cattle. Eighteen steers were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 9 per group) and fed either a control diet (CK) or the same diet supplemented with 20 g of OEO per head per day for 300 days. RESULTS Oregano essential oil supplementation improved the body weight, carcass weight, meat production, area and diameter of fiber, ether extract, and water-holding power of muscle. Increasing catalase (CAT), peroxidases (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and by decreasing lipid droplets (LDs) reduced muscle lipid oxidation. However, the color (L*, a*, b*, C* and H°) and the flavor compounds of muscle were affected adversely by OEO. The transcriptome and metabolome indicated the OEO group enriched fat synthesis, proteo-metabolism, antioxidants, and growth significantly. Five key genes (SH2B2, CD209, LOC504773, C1QC, and HMOX) and ten downregulated metabolites (deoxyguanosine, d-melezitose, maltotriose, raffinose, melatonin, quinic acid, orotic acid, hydrocinnamic acid, 2-methylsuccinic acid, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate) were identified as key biomarkers. These interacted to positively influence the growth, oxidative status, and meat quality of steers positively. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that OEO, as a natural bioactive compound, can serve as an additive for beef cattle, with a daily dose of 20 g per steer improving growth and meat quality, although it may affect muscle color and flavor negatively. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jinping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wangjing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengjia He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongzhi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Jingchuan Xukang Food Co., Ltd, Pingliang, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Gansu Huarui Agriculture Co., Ltd, Zhangye, China
| | - Zhaomin Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Du J, Dai Z, Li C, Adugna C, Wang Y, Li C. Effects of Essential Oil Blends Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Physiochemical Parameters, Intestinal Health and Lipid Metabolism of Weaned Bamei Piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2025; 109:574-583. [PMID: 39567854 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
The benefits of plant essential oils (EO) on the health of animals have been frequently reported, but their alteration of lipid metabolism in obese pigs has yet to be explored. This study aimed to assess the impact of EO blends (oregano, cinnamon and lemon oils) on growth performance, meat physicochemical parameters, intestinal health and lipid metabolism in the small intestine of weaned Bamei (a kind of obese-type pig) piglets. One hundred and forty-four male 60-day-old weaned Bamei piglets were randomly assigned to three groups of six replicates each: CON (basal diet), T1 (basal diet + 250 mg/kg EO), and T2 (basal diet + 500 mg/kg EO) over 28 days. The results showed that T1 trended to improve the average daily gain and feed intake to body gain ratio (p < 0.1), reduced water loss (p < 0.05), and increased the redness of meat (p < 0.05) compared to the CON. In addition, a significant change in the proportion of C17:0 and C20:1 was observed in the meat of T1 (p < 0.05). Improved intestinal health was evidenced by the reduced crypt depth, improved villi-to-crypt length ratio, and better superoxide dismutase activity in T1 (p < 0.05). Further study on intestinal lipid metabolism showed that duodenal lipase activity and the mRNA expression levels of lipid transport-related genes in the jejunum (FABPs, APOA1, APOB and ACSL3) were significantly reduced, alongside diminished serum lipid metabolites (Total protein and triglyceride) in the groups fed with EO (p < 0.05). In short, EO supplementation especially at 250 mg/kg improved intestinal health and inhibited lipid metabolism, which had a positive effect on the overall performance of Bamei piglets. This new evidence contributes to understanding the early regulatory role of EO in obese pigs and their potential to alleviate adolescent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqi Dai
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiguang Li
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chala Adugna
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Corporate Research Institute, Nanjing Well Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Jiang H, Azad MAK, Zhu Q, Ni H, Kong X. Fermented Cassava Residue Meal Improves Meat Quality by Regulating Muscle Fiber and Enhancing Lipid Metabolism in Huanjiang Mini-Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2025; 15:177. [PMID: 39858177 PMCID: PMC11758285 DOI: 10.3390/ani15020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
This research investigated the effects of cassava residue meal (CRM) and fermented CRM (FCRM) on the growth performance, serum lipid indicators, carcass traits, and meat quality of Huanjiang mini-pigs. One hundred twenty Huanjiang mini-pigs with similar BW (body weight, 8.85 ± 0.64 kg) were divided into three dietary treatment groups: the CON group with a basal diet; the CRM group with a diet containing 5% CRM; and the FCRM group with a diet containing 5% FCRM. The feeding trial was conducted for 30 days. The findings revealed that dietary CRM and FCRM did not influence the growth performance and diarrhea rate of Huanjiang mini-pigs (p > 0.05). Dietary FCRM supplementation increased serum total cholesterol level compared to the CON group while decreasing serum cholinesterase level compared to the CON and CRM groups (p < 0.05). The level of serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was higher (p < 0.05) in the CRM and FCRM groups in regard to the CON group. In addition, CRM and FCRM supplementation reduced (p < 0.05) the backfat thickness and carcass yield of Huanjiang mini-pigs. The meat quality analysis showed that dietary CRM and FCRM improved the meat quality by increasing the intramuscular fat content and redness (a*) value and decreasing the lightness (L*) value. Moreover, the MyHC-IIx expression in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle was upregulated (p < 0.05) in the CRM group, while MYHC-IIb expression displayed an increasing trend (p = 0.076) in the FCRM group relative to the CON group. The fatty acid composition in the LT muscle also revealed that the C20:0 level was lower in the CRM and FCRM groups, while the ∑SFA and ∑SFA/∑UFA were reduced (p < 0.05) in the FCRM group relative to the CON group. In summary, dietary CRM and FCRM supplementation improved the meat quality of Huanjiang mini-pigs without affecting growth performance and diarrhea rate. Notably, FCRM exhibited better effects on meat quality than CRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (H.J.); (M.A.K.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.N.)
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (H.J.); (M.A.K.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.N.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (H.J.); (M.A.K.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.N.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hengjia Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (H.J.); (M.A.K.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.N.)
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (H.J.); (M.A.K.A.); (Q.Z.); (H.N.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Tsitsos A, Dokou S, Chatzimanou T, Giannenas I, Economou V, Arsenos G. Improvement of the Meat Quality of Holstein Bulls Fed a Diet Enriched with Oregano Oil. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:3408. [PMID: 39682375 DOI: 10.3390/ani14233408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 11/20/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Beef is a dominant meat commodity produced mainly from beef cattle breeds. Dairy cattle breeds are reared for milk production, but their calves could be raised to produce high quality meat subject to designated feeding. The objective here was to investigate the role of oregano oil-enriched diets on the quality characteristics of meat produced by Holstein bulls. Fifty Holstein bulls, aged 12 ± 2 months and with an average weight of 365 ± 60 kg, were used. They were equally allocated in two experimental groups (n = 25). One group (group CON) was offered a basal diet and the other (group OREG) the same diet enriched with 50 mg/kg DM of oregano oil, for a period of 90 days. Afterwards, meat samples were subjected to microbiological (1 h after slaughter), physicochemical (1st and 15th day after slaughter), and sensory analyses (15th day after slaughter). The beef of group OREG is characterized with improved color parameters and a lower malondialdehyde (MDA) production rate and content (68.52 ng/g versus 105.91 ng/g, p = 0.01). The sensory evaluation of beef revealed higher scores for group OREG in flavor (3.88 versus 3.17, p = 0.0007) and color (3.87 versus 3.21, p = 0.001), as well as higher nutritional value, which was associated with significantly higher levels of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, valine, and total amino acids (p < 0.05). Thus, the results suggest that the quality of the meat of Holstein bulls can be improved when they are fed a diet enriched with oregano oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anestis Tsitsos
- Laboratory of Animal Food Products Hygiene-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Dokou
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tryfon Chatzimanou
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vangelis Economou
- Laboratory of Animal Food Products Hygiene-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Arsenos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Muzolf-Panek M, Zaworska-Zakrzewska A, Czech A, Lisiak D, Kasprowicz-Potocka M. Antioxidative Status and Meat Quality Traits as Affected by Dietary Supplementation of Finishing Pigs with Natural Phenolics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1362. [PMID: 39594504 PMCID: PMC11590991 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of a plant-based phenolic supplement on the color, myoglobin forms, lipid oxidation, and antioxidative status of fresh and stored (10 days at 4 °C) meat (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum), as well as the antioxidative status of the blood and liver. The sensory quality of the meat was also evaluated for color, aroma, texture, juiciness, and palatability. Twenty-four finishing pigs, divided into two groups, were fed a basal diet and a diet with a phenolic supplement (0.1%). The supplementation increased the redness of the meat (+36% for a* and +28% for redness index), the myoglobin (Mb) content (+7%), the antioxidant activity, and the juiciness. The treatment increased the antioxidant status of meat, reflected by superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total glutathione (GSH + GSSG). The catalase and SOD activities and GSH + GSSG of the blood and liver were also elevated in the supplemented samples when compared to the control group. A significant effect of time was observed for all tested parameters (pH, color attributes, Mb forms, the antioxidant activity, lipid oxidation) except for the Mb content. For the stored samples, only TBARSs (thiobarbituric acid reagent substances) were affected by the diet. The slope of the plot for TBARS changes with time was significantly different between the control and treated groups (p = 0.017), which indicated a significant effect of dietary supplementation. A higher rate of lipid oxidation was observed in the control samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Muzolf-Panek
- Department of Food Quality and Safety Management, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anita Zaworska-Zakrzewska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anna Czech
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Lisiak
- Department of Primary Meat Production, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Głogowska 239, 60-111 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kasprowicz-Potocka
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
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Wang F, Cheng Y, Yin L, Liu S, Li X, Xie M, Li J, Chen J, Fu C. Dietary supplementation with ellagic acid improves the growth performance, meat quality, and metabolomics profile of yellow-feathered broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103700. [PMID: 38631231 PMCID: PMC11036095 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to explore the effects of ellagic acid (EA) on growth performance, meat quality, and metabolomics profile of broiler chickens. 240 healthy yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups (6 replicates/group and 10 broilers /replicate): 1) a standard diet (CON); 2) CON+0.01% EA; 3) CON+0.02% EA; 4) CON+0.04% EA. Compared with the CON group, dietary 0.02% EA increased linearly and quadratically the ADG and lowered F/G ratio from 29 to 56 d and from 1 to 56 d of age (P < 0.05). The EA groups had higher spleen index and showed linear and quadratic improve thymus index (P < 0.05). A total of 0.02% EA linearly and quadratically increased the leg muscle percentage and quadratically increased the breast muscle percentage (P < 0.05). Compared to the control diet, 0.02% EA decreased quadratically the L* and increased a* of breast muscle at 45 min postslaughter (P < 0.05), and quadratically decreased (P < 0.05) the b* and increased linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05) drip loss. Additionally, EA improved linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05) serum total protein concentration and reduced linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05) serum blood urea nitrogen concentration. A total of 0.02% EA quadratically increased catalase activity and decreased malondialdehyde concentration in breast muscle compared with the control diet (P < 0.05). 0.02% and 0.04% EA could linearly and quadratically increase (P < 0.05) the concentrations of histidine, leucine and essential amino acids (EAA), 0.02% EA could linearly and quadratically increase (P < 0.05) the concentrations of threonine, glutamate, and flavored amino acids in breast muscle. 0.02% EA linearly and quadratically improved the C20:3n6, C22:6n3, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations, and the ratio of PUFA to saturated fatty acids (SFA), but reduced the C16:0 and the SFA concentrations in breast muscle than the CON group (P < 0.05). The EA diet linearly increased (P = 0.035) and quadratically tended (P = 0.068) to regulate the C18:2n6c concentration of breast muscle. Metabolomics showed that alanine metabolism, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism were the most differentially abundant. These results showed that EA supported moderate positive effects on growth performance, meat quality, and metabolomics profile of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Shida Liu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Meizhu Xie
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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Yan M, Li L, Huang Y, Tang X, Shu Y, Cui D, Yu C, Hu Y, Ma J, Xiao S, Guo Y. Investigation on muscle fiber types and meat quality and estimation of their heritability and correlation coefficients with each other in four pig populations. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13915. [PMID: 38303133 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the muscle fiber types and meat quality in four populations and estimate the heritability and correlation coefficients of those traits in Shanxia long black pig (SX). In this study, a total of 318 pigs were recorded for 16 traits of the muscle fiber types and meat quality in four populations, including 256 individuals from the new breed SX. The population had a significant effect on all recorded traits, and the meat quality of the Lulai black pig was better than the remaining populations. The heritability (h2 ) of meat quality traits was from 0.06 (pH at 24 h) to 0.47 (shearing force), and the muscle fiber types belonged to the traits with low to medium heritability. The density of total fiber had the highest h2 (0.40), while the percentage of type IIA had the lowest h2 (0.04). Most traits are phenotypically correlated with each other, but only a small proportion of traits are genetically correlated with each other. None fiber type genetically correlated with meat quality significantly, because the genetic correlation coefficients had large standard errors. These results provided some insights into genetic improvements for the meat quality in pig breeds and also indicated that the parameters of muscle fiber characteristics can explain parts of the variation in meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Longyun Li
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yizhong Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xi Tang
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yujie Shu
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dengshuai Cui
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chuangang Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yongqiang Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Junwu Ma
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shijun Xiao
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yuanmei Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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9
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He P, Lei Y, Zhang K, Zhang R, Bai Y, Li Z, Jia L, Shi J, Cheng Q, Ma Y, Zhang X, Liu L, Lei Z. Dietary oregano essential oil supplementation alters meat quality, oxidative stability, and fatty acid profiles of beef cattle. Meat Sci 2023; 205:109317. [PMID: 37647737 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) supplementation on the meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and nutritional value of the longissimus thoracis muscle in steers. Steers were divided into three groups (n = 9) and fed either a basal diet, or a basal diet supplemented with 130 mg/d OEO, or 230 mg/d OEO for 390 days. The results demonstrated that dietary OEO supplementation increased the total antioxidant capacity and activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, and decreased pH30min, pH24h, cooking loss, and malondialdehyde content. OEO increased the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid. In contrast, saturated fatty acids decreased, accompanied by increased essential amino acids, flavor amino acids, and total amino acids in the longissimus thoracis muscle. In summary, dietary OEO supplementation promotes the nutritional and meat quality of beef by maintaining its water-holding capacity and meat color, enhancing its antioxidative capacity, and preventing lipid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjia He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zeming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Jinping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Jingchuan Xukang Food Co., Ltd, Pingliang 745000, PR China
| | - Yannan Ma
- Institute of Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Center of Jingchuan County, Pingliang 744399, PR China
| | - Lishan Liu
- Institute of Livestock, Grass and Green Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zhaomin Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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10
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Zhang L, Wang X, Huang S, Huang Y, Shi H, Bai X. Effects of dietary essential oil supplementation on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality, and intestinal tight junctions of broilers with or without Eimeria challenge. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102874. [PMID: 37406442 PMCID: PMC10339057 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation of essential oil on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality, serum antioxidant capacity, and intestinal tight junctions of broilers with or without Eimeria challenge were investigated. A total of 576 one-day-old male broilers were randomly separated into 8 treatments (6 replication floor-pens per treatment, 12 broilers per pen) in a 4 × 2 factorial design. The 4 diets consisted of 1) a corn and soybean meal basal diet, 2) an anticoccidial diet (60 g nicarbazin and 60 g narasin per ton of feed), 3) an oregano oil diet (500 ppm oregano oil), and 4) a clove oil diet (500 ppm clove oil). On d 10, half chicks were challenged with 1 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima per chick, whereas the others were inoculated with an equal amount of dilution (0.5 mL). The Eimeria challenge induced a higher fecal oocyst output on d 18, a lower duodenum Occludin expression level on d 28, a lower serum catalase level, and a higher cook loss and protein loss in thigh muscle on d 42. The anticoccidial diet lowered fecal Eimeria output and increased d 1 to 42 BW gain as compared to the control diet. The clove oil treatment enhanced duodenum ZO-1 expression level in nonchallenged birds, increased BW gain from d 1 to 14 and breast yield on d 42. The oregano oil treatment enhanced ZO-1 expression of challenged birds, reduced feed intake from 15 to 28 d, and helped broilers gain more tender meat. For those Eimeria-challenged broilers, both clove and oregano oil treatments recovered drip loss in breast muscle. Our results suggested that Eimeria challenge in broiler early age could interrupt later serum antioxidant capacity and damage meat quality. The dietary supplementation of clove or oregano essential oils could improve broiler growth performance and partially relieve the coccidial damage in gut integrity and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - S Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - H Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - X Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Chengdu 610041, PR China; College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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11
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Chen J, You R, Lv Y, Liu H, Yang G. Conjugated linoleic acid regulates adipocyte fatty acid binding protein expression via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling pathway and increases intramuscular fat content. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1029864. [PMID: 36523338 PMCID: PMC9745092 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1029864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is correlated positively with meat tenderness, juiciness and taste that affected sensory meat quality. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been extensively researched to increase IMF content in animals, however, the regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) gene has been proposed as candidates for IMF accretion. The purpose of this study is to explore the molecular regulatory pathways of CLA on intramuscular fat deposition. Here, our results by cell lines indicated that CLA treatment promoted the expression of A-FABP through activated the transcription factor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Moreover, in an animal model, we discovered that dietary supplemental with CLA significantly enhanced IMF deposition by up-regulating the mRNA and protein expression of PPARα and A-FABP in the muscle tissues of mice. In addition, our current study also demonstrated that dietary CLA increased mRNA expression of genes and enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and lipid metabolism the muscle tissues of mice. These findings suggest that CLA mainly increases the expression of A-FABP through PPARα signaling pathway and regulates the expression of genes and enzymes related to IMF deposition, thus increasing IMF content. These results contribute to better understanding the molecular mechanism of IMF accretion in animals for the improvement of meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Gene Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Liu S, Wang Q, Ma J, Wang J, Wang H, Liu L, Long S, Piao X. Dietary Forsythia suspensa extracts supplementation improves antioxidant status, anti-inflammatory functions, meat fatty acid deposition, and intestinal microbial community in finishing pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:960242. [PMID: 36311660 PMCID: PMC9614228 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.960242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of Forsythia suspensa extracts (FSE) on performance, antioxidant status, inflammatory cytokines, meat quality, meat fatty acid composition, and gut microbial community in finishing pigs. Sixty-four pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] with an average initial body weight of 88.68 kg were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments, with eight replicate pens per treatment (four pens were barrows and four pens were gilts), four pigs per pen. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON) and an FS diet (basal diet + 100 mg/kg FSE; FS). Compared with CON, pigs fed FSE showed enhanced (P < 0.05) saturated fatty acid (SFA)/polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, reduced (P < 0.05) lightness, and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, as well as tended to increase C20:5n3 content in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Moreover, pigs fed FSE showed decreased (P < 0.05) serum cortisol and tumor nuclear factor-α contents, and increased (P < 0.05) serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase contents compared with CON. These pigs also tended to have increased serum total protein and immunoglobulin G contents, and decreased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and interleukin-1β contents compared with CON. In the colon, pigs fed FSE had a higher (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Bifidobacteriales at the order level, Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae at the family level, as well as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium at the genus level compared with CON. In conclusion, dietary Forsythia suspensa extract supplementation effectively improved antioxidant status and anti-inflammatory functions, as well as modulated meat fatty acid composition, and gut microbial community in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Tianjin Zhongsheng Feed Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shenfei Long
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Xiangshu Piao
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Díaz-Vázquez D, Garibay MV, Fernández del Castillo A, Orozco-Nunnelly DA, Senés-Guerrero C, Gradilla-Hernández MS. Yeast community composition impacts on tequila industry waste treatment for pollution control and waste-to-product synthesis. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1013873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tequila industry is a major producer of wastewater in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Tequila vinasses (TV) are a residue from the distillation of fermented agave wort during tequila production. TV are difficult to treat due their high organic content, high nutrient loads, acidic pH and high discharge temperature. TV are frequently released into waterbodies or soil without any treatment, leading to environmental degradation of soil and water sources. To reduce the environmental impact of the tequila industry, cost-effective TV revalorization approaches must be developed. The goals of the present study were to assess the treatment and revalorization potential of TV using mono and mixed yeast cultures to produce single-cell protein (SCP) and to analyze yeast community composition using high-throughput sequencing during the mixed-culture fermentation of TV. The fermentation process was performed using a mixed culture of three fodder yeast species (Candida utilis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Kluyveromyces marxianus) during 48 h at benchtop-scale. High-throughput sequencing was performed to assess the relative abundance of the yeast communities. Additionally, a redundancy analysis was performed to analyze the bidirectional influence between yeast communities and pollutant removal (COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, proteins, and sugars). Mixed yeast cultures displayed overall higher pollutant removal rates than monocultures, where C. utilis and K. marxianus contributed the most to pollutant removal and protein accumulation. The R. mucilaginosa population declined rapidly in mixed culture, presumably due to TV acidity and phenolic composition. However, the presence of The R. mucilaginosa in the mixed culture enhanced pollutant removal and amino acid contents. Accordingly, the protein and amino acid content within mixed cultures were significantly higher than those of monocultures, indicating that mixed cultures have a strong potential to produce protein rich biomass from TV, aiding in the transition of both the tequila and the livestock industries to a sustainable circular bioeconomy model by the reintegration of organic material flows into productive processes, reducing raw resource intake and waste generation. The present circular bioeconomy approach could represent a potential to produce 45,664 tons of protein feed yearly, based on the current tequila vinasses generated in the state of Jalisco.
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Zhu Q, Song M, Azad MAK, Ma C, Yin Y, Kong X. Probiotics and Synbiotics Addition to Bama Mini-Pigs' Diet Improve Carcass Traits and Meat Quality by Altering Plasma Metabolites and Related Gene Expression of Offspring. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:779745. [PMID: 35873696 PMCID: PMC9301501 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.779745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of maternal probiotics and synbiotics addition on several traits and parameters in offspring. A total of 64 Bama mini pigs were randomly allocated into the control (basal diet), antibiotic (50 g/t virginiamycin), probiotics (200 mL/day probiotics), or synbiotics (500 g/t xylo-oligosaccharides and 200 mL/day probiotics) group and fed with experimental diets during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, two piglets per litter and eight piglets per group were selected and fed with a basal diet. Eight pigs per group were selected for analysis at 65, 95, and 125 days of age. The results showed that the addition of probiotics increased the average daily feed intake of the pigs during the 66- to 95-day-old periods and backfat thickness at 65 and 125 days of age, and that the addition of synbiotics increased backfat thickness and decreased muscle percentage and loin-eye area at 125 days of age. The addition of maternal probiotics increased the cooking yield and pH45min value at 65 and 95 days of age, respectively, the addition of synbiotics increased the meat color at 95 days of age, and the addition of probiotics and synbiotics decreased drip loss and shear force in 65- and 125-day-old pigs, respectively. However, maternal antibiotic addition increased shear force in 125-day-old pigs. Dietary probiotics and synbiotics addition in sows' diets increased several amino acids (AAs), including total AAs, histidine, methionine, asparagine, arginine, and leucine, and decreased glycine, proline, isoleucine, α-aminoadipic acid, α-amino-n-butyric acid, β-alanine, and γ-amino-n-butyric acid in the plasma and longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle of offspring at different stages. In the LT muscle fatty acid (FA) analysis, saturated FA (including C16:0, C17:0, and C20:0) and C18:1n9t contents were lower, and C18:2n6c, C16:1, C20:1, and unsaturated FA contents were higher in the probiotics group. C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 contents were higher in 65-day-old pigs, and C20:1 and C18:1n9t contents were lower in the synbiotics group in 95- and 125-day-old pigs, respectively. The plasma biochemical analysis revealed that the addition of maternal probiotics and synbiotics decreased plasma cholinesterase, urea nitrogen, and glucose levels in 95-day-old pigs, and that the addition of synbiotics increased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol concentrations in 65-day-old pigs and triglyceride concentration in 125-day-old pigs. The addition of maternal probiotics and synbiotics regulated muscle fiber type, myogenic regulation, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression of LT muscle in offspring. In conclusion, the addition of maternal probiotics and synbiotics improved the piglet feed intake and altered the meat quality parameters, plasma metabolites, and gene expression related to meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingtong Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Cui Ma
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yulong Yin
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Mini-Pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangfeng Kong
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Serrano MJ, Elorduy J, Zabaleta I, Istamboulie G, Fandos EG, Bousquet-Melou A, Mata L, Aymard C, Laorden AM, Da Silva Guedes J, Lacroix M, García-Gonzalo D, Condón S, Abilleira E, Pagán R. Antimicrobial residue assessment in 5,357 commercialized meat samples from the Spain-France cross-border area: A new approach for effective monitoring. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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16
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Xia JQ, He X, Wang L, Wang L, Zhang DJ, Wang JF, Liu D. Evaluation of dietary Perilla frutescens seed on performance and carcass quality in finishing castrated male Songliao black pigs. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:598-606. [PMID: 35014197 PMCID: PMC8959298 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Perilla frutescens seed (PFS) on growth performance, blood profiles, meat quality and meat nutrient characteristics in finishing castrated male Songliao black pigs. METHODS A total of 80 castrated male Songliao black pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 84.1 ± 2.1 kg were used in a 75 days feeding trial. All pigs were randomly assigned into four dietary treatments: CON, basal diet; PFS3.0, basal diet + 3.0% of PFS; PFS6.0, basal diet + 6.0% of PFS and PFS9.0, basal diet + 9.0% of PFS. RESULTS As a result of this experiment, dietary supplementation of PFS improved the growth performance parameters, blood albumin and blood lipid parameters. Whereas, on FBW, average daily feed intake and average daily gain there showed a non-dose-dependent manner that pigs in PFS9.0 had lowest performance compared with other two PFS treatments. Furthermore, meat colour of yellowness, pH, cook meat rate, moisture, crude protein and crude fat were increased by PFS addition. However, lower growth performance was observed in PFS9.0 group. As well as, dietary inclusion of PFS also alters the meat amino acid composition and meat fatty acids composition. Particularly, umami amino acid contents and polyunsaturated fatty acid were all enhanced by PFS addition. CONCLUSIONS In summary, dietary supplementation of PFS have beneficial effects on the performance and meat quality and nutritional values in Songliao black pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Qiao Xia
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyInstitute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry and VeterinaryDaxing'anling Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesDaxing'anlingHeilongjiangChina
| | - XinMiao He
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
| | - Lan Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry and VeterinaryDaxing'anling Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesDaxing'anlingHeilongjiangChina
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
| | - Dong Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
| | - Ji Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry and VeterinaryDaxing'anling Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesDaxing'anlingHeilongjiangChina
| | - Di Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyInstitute of Animal NutritionNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal HusbandryMinistry of AgricultureHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnimal Husbandry Research InstituteHarbinChina
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17
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Fortier M, Guay F, Saucier L. Effect of oregano oil and cranberry pulp supplementation in finishing pigs on the physicochemical quality of fresh loin during storage. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oregano oil and cranberry pulp supplements were added to the diets of finishing pigs to determine their effects on the meat quality of fresh loins during storage. Two and three levels of oregano oil (250 and 500 mg·kg−1) and cranberry pulp (5, 10, and 20 g·kg−1) were tested, according to a factorial experimental design. The loin meat was vacuum packed and analyzed at 0 (after the 24 h chilling period post slaughter), 23, 45, and 60 d of storage. Samples were repackaged under aerobic conditions after 0 or 23 d and analyzed after 4, 8, and 12 d. Oregano and cranberry supplements did not affect lipid oxidation (microgram of malondialdehyde equivalent per kilogram of meat) during anaerobic or aerobic storage. On day 0, the fatty acid profile of the loin samples demonstrated that the addition of cranberries at a dose of 10 g·kg−1 was associated with a lower percentage of saturated fatty acids (P = 0.04; 42.97% vs. 40.99%) and a trend for a higher percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.06; 47.26% vs. 46.09%). Considering the result obtained, feeding pigs with oregano and cranberry supplements had a limited effect on meat quality parameters measured during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.P. Fortier
- Department of Animal Science, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
- Institute of Nutraceutical and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
| | - F. Guay
- Department of Animal Science, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
| | - L. Saucier
- Department of Animal Science, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
- Institute of Nutraceutical and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
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18
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Xu Y, Chen H, Wan K, Zhou K, Wang Y, Li J, Tang Z, Sun W, Wu L, An R, Ren Z, Ding Q, Liang K, Sun Z. Effects of supplementing low-protein diets with sodium dichloroacetate and glucose on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6449488. [PMID: 34865045 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing low-protein diets with sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) and glucose on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 80 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) growing barrows (27 ± 0.4 kg body weight) were allocated randomly to one of the five treatments during three successive 4-wk periods. There were five diets in each phase. Diet 1 was the control diet with normal protein levels (CON) where protein levels in the three phases were 18%, 16.5%, and 15.5%, respectively. The dietary protein levels of Diets 2, 3, 4, and 5 (the low-protein diets, LP) were decreased by 4.5% compared to Diet 1. Additionally, Diets 3 and 4 were supplemented with an extra 120 mg/kg DCA (LP + DCA) or 1.8% glucose (LP + GLUC), respectively. Diet 5 was further supplemented with an extra 120 mg/kg DCA and 1.8% glucose (LP + DCA + GLUC). The LP + DCA diet increased the average daily weight gain of pigs compared to the CON and LP diet in phase 3 and the overall experimental period (P < 0.001). The LP diet reduced the gain:feed ratios of the pigs compared to the CON, LP + DCA, and LP + DCA + GLUC diets in phase 1 and the overall experimental period (P < 0.001). Furthermore, gain:feed ratios in LP + DCA and LP + DCA + GLUC groups did not differ from that of the CON group (P > 0.10). Pigs fed the LP + DCA diet had higher pH values of meat at 24 h post-mortem than the CON group (P < 0.05). The LP + DCA + GLUC diet increased the total protein content in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of pigs, compared to the other dietary treatments (P < 0.05), and increased the Arg and Leu contents in the LD muscle compared to the LP + DCA diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, the LP + DCA diet induced a higher C18:1n9t percentage in the LD muscle of pigs compared to other groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, an LP diet reduced the feed efficiency in pigs and barely affected meat quality, whereas 120 mg/kg DCA supplementation in an LP diet improved the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs, showed modest effects on carcass traits, and improved the muscle protein content with the addition of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetong Xu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Huiyuan Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ke Wan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Kaifeng Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Jinan 250002, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Nutrition and Health Research Institute, COFCO, Beijing 102209, P. R. China
| | - Jigang Li
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 500153, P. R. China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Weizhong Sun
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Liuting Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Rui An
- Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxiang Ren
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qi Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyang Liang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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19
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Huang C, Chen D, Tian G, He J, Zheng P, Yu J, Mao X, Huang Z, Yan H, Wang Q, Wang H, Yu B. Effects of dietary plant essential oil supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality in finishing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1246-1257. [PMID: 34967039 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to explore the effects of dietary plant essential oil (PEO) supplementation on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of eighteen Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire finishing barrows with an average initial body weight of 79.86 ± 1.94 kg were randomly assigned to CON group (fed with a basal diet) and PEO group (fed with the basal diet containing 200 mg/kg PEO) with 9 replicates per treatment. The trial lasted for 42 days. The results showed that dietary PEO supplementation significantly increased ADG during phase I (1-21 days) and the overall experimental period (p < 0.05), tended to increase ADFI in phase II (22-42 days) and the overall experimental period (p = 0.09), decreased F/G in phase I (p < 0.05) and tended to decrease F/G during the overall experimental period (p = 0.08). Meanwhile, compared to the CON group, the digestibility of DM, GE and EE in the PEO group was improved remarkably (p < 0.05). PEO supplementation also significantly improved T-AOC and lowered MDA content in longissimus dorsi (p < 0.05), tended to increase the activity of T-SOD (p = 0.06). A higher IMF content (p = 0.09) and a lower shear force (p = 0.08) of longissimus dorsi were found in the PEO group than that in CON group (p = 0.09). Furthermore, pigs fed the PEO diet showed higher mRNA abundances of GLUT4, LPL, CPT-1, CD36, FABP and LDL-R in the liver, and GLUT4 and FAS in the longissimus dorsi (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PEO fed to finishing pigs improved the growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Furthermore, PEO supplementation had the potential role to improve pork quality by increasing the antioxidant capacity and IMF content, and decreasing the shear force of longissimus dorsi to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuibi Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Quyuan Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huifen Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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20
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Li X, Hutchings S, Warner RD, Ponnampalam E, Ha M. The texture and mastication properties of sheep biceps femoris from different finishing feeds and retail packaging methods. J Texture Stud 2021; 53:185-195. [PMID: 34953152 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between meat texture (Warner Bratzler shear force and Texture Profile Analysis), water holding capacity and subsequent mastication of meat from sheep fed different diets and maintained under different packaging methods. Biceps femoris from 24 Merino sheep fed a standard pelleted diet containing grain and cereal hay or pelleted diets supplemented with either 8% camelina meal or 15% camelina forage hay was packaged in high oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (hiOxMAP) or vacuum skin packaging (VSP). Warner Bratzler shear force, texture profile analysis and water holding capacity (purge loss and cooking loss) were measured. Twelve volunteers were recruited to chew the cooked meat samples before expectorating the bolus at their natural swallowing point. Meat stored in hiOxMAP had greater purge loss, Warner Bratzler peak force, hardness, and chewiness compared to meat packed in VSP. Mastication testing revealed that chewing frequency increased with VSP meat compared to hiOxMAP meat. Feed type had little effect on meat texture parameters, however, sheep meat on the standard pelleted diet required a greater number of chews than sheep fed on camelina. Increased toughness in cooked meat due to feed type or packaging methods results in greater chewing effort, but this did not affect meat bolus properties at the natural swallowing point. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Li
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Hutchings
- AgResearch Limited, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Massey University campus, Grasslands, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Robyn Dorothy Warner
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minh Ha
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Rehman A, Qunyi T, Sharif HR, Korma SA, Karim A, Manzoor MF, Mehmood A, Iqbal MW, Raza H, Ali A, Mehmood T. Biopolymer based nanoemulsion delivery system: An effective approach to boost the antioxidant potential of essential oil in food products. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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22
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Effects of trans-anethole supplementation on serum lipid metabolism parameters, carcass characteristics, meat quality, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles of breast muscle in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101484. [PMID: 34695629 PMCID: PMC8554266 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of trans-anethole (TA) supplementation on the carcass characteristics, meat quality, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles of breast muscle in broilers. A total of 40 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) were randomly allocated to 5 treatments, respectively, fed a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg TA/kg diet for 42 d. 600 mg/kg of TA supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) serum triglycerides (TG) on d 21 and d 42, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration on d 21, but increased (P < 0.01) serum HDL-C concentration on d 42. Dietary supplementation of TA increased (P < 0.01) the half chamber rate (HCR) and eviscerated rate (ER) of broilers. The drip loss (storing 24 and 48 h) and cooking loss of breast muscle in 600 mg/kg TA groups were lower (P < 0.05) than those in control group. The concentration of palmitoleic acid, daturic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-Linolenic acid, eicostrienoic acid, and pentosapentanoic acid (EPA), MUFA, and PUFA in the breast muscle were higher (P < 0.05) in the 600 mg/kg of TA group compared with other groups. Dietary inclusion of 600 mg/kg of TA also increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of Met, Thr, Asp, Ser, and Glu in breast muscle, tended to increase (P = 0.069) the Lys concentration. In conclusion, results indicated that TA inclusion improved the lipid metabolism, meat quality, fatty acid composition, and amino acid profile of breast muscle in broilers.
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23
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Cheng Y, Song M, Zhu Q, Azad MAK, Gao Q, Kong X. Dietary Betaine Addition Alters Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, and Nitrogen Metabolism of Bama Mini-Pigs. Front Nutr 2021; 8:728477. [PMID: 34513907 PMCID: PMC8429818 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.728477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Betaine is widely used as feed additives in animal husbandry as it can cause many benefits such as improving antioxidant ability, growth performance, and carcass traits. However, there are limited studies about the effects of betaine on the Bama mini-pigs. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine on carcass traits, meat quality, and nitrogen metabolism of pigs. Twenty-six pregnant Bama mini-pigs and then 104 weaned piglets were assigned for experimental treatments. The plasma and muscle samples were collected at 65-, 95-, and 125-d-old pigs, respectively. The results showed that betaine addition in the sow-offspring diets increased the lean meat rate in the 65-d-old pigs, whereas carcass weight, carcass yield, and loin-eye area were increased in the 95-d-old pigs, and carcass weight and backfat thickness in the 125-d-old pigs. Dietary betaine addition in the sow-offspring diets increased the contents of plasma Asp of 65-d-old, Met of 95- and 125-d-old, and Sar of 125-d-old pigs. Moreover, betaine addition increased the contents of Met, His, Ile, and Phe in Longissimus thoracis et lumborum, whereas those contents were decreased in biceps femoris and psoas major muscles at different stages. Betaine addition in the sow and piglets' diets regulated the muscle fiber-type and myogenic regulatory gene expressions. In summary, betaine addition in the sow and sow-offspring diets could improve the carcass traits and meat quality by altering the plasma biochemical parameters, amino acid composition, and gene expressions of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng, China
| | - Mingtong Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng, China
| | - Md Abul Kalam Azad
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng, China
| | - Qiankun Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng, China.,Research Center of Mini-Pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Muzolf-Panek M, Kaczmarek A. Chemometric Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition of Raw Chicken, Beef, and Pork Meat with Plant Extract Addition during Refrigerated Storage. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164952. [PMID: 34443539 PMCID: PMC8399115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the shelf-life, meat undergoes a number of processes that negatively affect the quality of the product, including fatty acid composition. The application of various plant extracts in meat could affect the changes of fatty acids during storage. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various spice and herb extracts on fatty acid composition in raw pork, beef, and chicken meat when stored at 4 °C for 13 days. Based on multivariate statistical analysis, two datasets were extracted from each type of meat. One dataset included samples with allspice, bay leaf, black seed, cardamom, caraway, clove, and nutmeg with the high share of total MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids) in chicken and pork meat and high MUFA and PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) contribution in beef meat after storage. The second dataset included basil, garlic, onion, oregano, rosemary, and thyme with high PUFA share in chicken and pork meat and high SFA (saturated fatty acids) contribution in beef meat. From the regression analysis, a significant effect of time on fatty acid composition in meat was reported. Generally, the rates of fatty acid changes were dependent on the plant extract incorporated into the meat. The most visible effect of plant extracts was obtained in chicken meat. In chicken meat with plant extracts, the rates of SFA and PUFA changes with time were slower compared to the control sample. In summary, the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat varied during storage, and the addition of plant extracts significantly affected the rate of these changes, which was dependent on the meat matrix.
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25
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Cui Y, Lu H, Tian Z, Deng D, Ma X. Current trends of Chinese herbal medicines on meat quality of pigs. A review. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/138775/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Zhong H, Lu Y, Zhang H. Candidate gene screening for lipid deposition using combined transcriptomic and proteomic data from Nanyang black pigs. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:441. [PMID: 34118873 PMCID: PMC8201413 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower selection intensities in indigenous breeds of Chinese pig have resulted in obvious genetic and phenotypic divergence. One such breed, the Nanyang black pig, is renowned for its high lipid deposition and high genetic divergence, making it an ideal model in which to investigate lipid position trait mechanisms in pigs. An understanding of lipid deposition in pigs might improve pig meat traits in future breeding and promote the selection progress of pigs through modern molecular breeding techniques. Here, transcriptome and tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteome (TMT)-based proteome analyses were carried out using longissimus dorsi (LD) tissues from individual Nanyang black pigs that showed high levels of genetic variation. Results A large population of Nanyang black pigs was phenotyped using multi-production trait indexes, and six pigs were selected and divided into relatively high and low lipid deposition groups. The combined transcriptomic and proteomic data identified 15 candidate genes that determine lipid deposition genetic divergence. Among them, FASN, CAT, and SLC25A20 were the main causal candidate genes. The other genes could be divided into lipid deposition-related genes (BDH2, FASN, CAT, DHCR24, ACACA, GK, SQLE, ACSL4, and SCD), PPARA-centered fat metabolism regulatory factors (PPARA, UCP3), transcription or translation regulators (SLC25A20, PDK4, CEBPA), as well as integrin, structural proteins, and signal transduction-related genes (EGFR). Conclusions This multi-omics data set has provided a valuable resource for future analysis of lipid deposition traits, which might improve pig meat traits in future breeding and promote the selection progress in pigs, especially in Nanyang black pigs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07764-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Wang
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haian Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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27
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Ding XQ, Yuan CC, Huang YB, Jiang L, Qian LC. Effects of phytosterol supplementation on growth performance, serum lipid, proinflammatory cytokines, intestinal morphology, and meat quality of white feather broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101096. [PMID: 34087700 PMCID: PMC8182435 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary phytosterol (PS) addition at different levels on growth performance, serum lipid, proinflammatory cytokines, intestinal morphology, and meat quality in broilers. A total of 600, 1-day-old male broilers were allocated into five groups with six replicates and were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg PS for 42 days. Compared with the control group, the administration of PS at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg significantly increased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of broilers during the experimental period. Similarly, PS at a dosage of 20 and 40 mg/kg increased the concentrations of interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, interleukin-2, and interleukin-6 but decreased triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content of serum (P < 0.05). Dietary PS at less than or equal to 40 mg/kg level increased (P < 0.05) villus height, and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and ileum. Supplementing PS increased the pH value at 45 min post-mortem and decreased drip loss and shear force of breast muscle (P < 0.05). Dietary PS administration at 20 and 40 mg/kg decreased malondialdehyde accumulation but increased total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity of breast muscle compared with the control group (P < 0.05). PS increased the concentrations of total amino acids and flavor amino acids as well as eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids but decreased saturated fatty acids in breast muscle (P < 0.05). It was concluded that dietary PS supplementation, especially at 40 mg/kg, could improve growth performance, serum lipid, proinflammatory cytokines, intestinal morphology, and meat quality in broilers, providing insights into its application as a potential feed additive in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - C C Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Y B Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - L Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - L C Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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28
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Čuboň J, Haščík P, Herc P, Hleba L, Hlebová M, Šimonová N, Bučko O. The use of mutton in sausage production. POTRAVINARSTVO 2021. [DOI: 10.5219/1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The work analyzes the quality of sausage with mutton. The proportion of individual commodities was as follows 40% sheep thigh, 40% pork shoulder, and belly 20%. The protein content in pork shoulder was 20.11 g.100g-1 in sheep thigh 23.65 g.100g-1 and sausage 19.89 g.100g-1. Of the monitored amino acids, the highest content was in lysine, in the sausage was 1.9 g.100g-1 and of the raw materials in the belly 2.1 g.100g-1. We also found a higher proportion of leucine 1.7 g.100g-1 in both sausage and sheep thighs. The arginine content in the sausage was also high 1.39 g.100g-1. We found a high content of palmitic acid in the pork shoulder of 24.38 g.100g-1 FAME. The content of palmitic acid in sheep meat was 24.32 g.100g-1 FAME and in sausage 24.16 g.100g-1 FAME. The content of stearic acid in the pork shoulder was 10.89g.100g-1 FAME, in the sheep thigh 10.64g.100g-1 FAME, in the belly 11.07 g.100g-1 FAME, and the sausage 10.92 g.100g-1 FAME. The MDA content in sheep meat was 0.185 mg.kg-1, in pork shoulder 0.141 mg.kg-1, in pork belly 0.22 mg.kg-1 and in sausage on the day of production 0.45 mg.kg-1. On the 30th day, the MDA content was in the sausage 0.78 mg.kg-1. The high MDA content of the sausage was probably most influenced by the technological process, as all raw materials, because there was a lower MDA content.
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29
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Cappelli K, Sabino M, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Acuti G, Capomaccio S, Menghini L, Verini-Supplizi A. Differential Effects of Dietary Oregano Essential Oil on the Inflammation Related Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Outdoor and Indoor Reared Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:602811. [PMID: 33718464 PMCID: PMC7946822 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.602811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive farming systems represent a stressful environment for pigs and negatively influence neuroendocrine functions, behavior, and performance. Outdoor farming is an alternative option, which is thought to imply several beneficial effects for the animal. Dietary essential oils are known to be an innovative strategy to improve pig health and performance, and oregano essential oil (ORE) possesses beneficial effects due to its antimicrobial, anti-fungal, and antioxidant properties. We tested the effect of dietary ORE on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 36 growing pigs, either reared under indoor or outdoor conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was used to evaluate the effect of diet (control vs. ORE) and the time of sampling (T1-120 days vs. T2-190 days) on the expression of inflammatory and immune-related genes (TNF, IL1β, IL8, IL18, IL10, IL1RN, STAT3, HSP90, ICAM-1, and NFKB1). Under outdoor condition, the majority of transcripts were upregulated (p < 0.05), assuming a general inflammatory status (TNF, HSP90, NFKB1, IL1β, and STAT3). However, an interaction between diet and the farming system was observed: HSP90, NFKB1, and STAT3 were downregulated (p < 0.05) in the outdoor reared pigs when fed the ORE diet. Our study showed that bioactive compounds of ORE exert their activity, especially when the animals are exposed to stressful stimuli. Dietary ORE can be an acceptable strategy to help pigs tolerate the stress related to the harsh, outdoor, rearing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marcella Sabino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Acuti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Rivera-Gomis J, Peres Rubio C, Martínez Conesa C, Otal Salaverri J, Cerón JJ, Tortosa DE, Cubero Pablo MJ. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Garlic and Oregano Essential Oil on Biomarkers of Oxidative Status, Stress and Inflammation in Postweaning Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2093. [PMID: 33187203 PMCID: PMC7698320 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of two different concentrations of micro capsuled oregano essential oil (OEO) and purple garlic powder on biomarkers of oxidative status, stress, and inflammation, as well as on average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), were evaluated in piglets during the postweaning period. The trial was carried out with 300 crossbred pigs of 21 days of age fed with different concentrations of OEO and purple garlic powder and ZnO. Saliva and serum samples were taken to evaluate a panel of biomarkers of oxidative status, stress, and inflammation. OEO and garlic powder at 0.4% did not produce significant changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and cortisol and yielded higher levels of the antioxidant biomarker CUPRAC in serum than higher doses (p < 0.01); they yielded a better ADG than the control and ZnO diets. OEO and garlic powder at higher concentrations than 0.4% showed higher concentrations of CRP (p < 0.05). Overall, doses of OEO and garlic powder at 0.4% did not lead to inflammation, stress, or negative changes in oxidative biomarkers in piglets during the postweaning period and gave better productive performance than the control and ZnO diets. High doses of OEO and garlic powder were ineffective and could negatively affect the animals. Therefore, our results highlight the importance of the dose used when OEO or garlic are supplemented to piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rivera-Gomis
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (J.R.-G.); (M.J.C.P.)
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (C.P.R.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Cristina Martínez Conesa
- Research Group on Rainfed Agriculture for Rural Development, Department of Rural Development, Oenology and Sustainable Agriculture, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), 30150 Alberca Las Torres, Murcia, Spain;
| | - Julio Otal Salaverri
- Animal Production Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain;
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (C.P.R.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Damián Escribano Tortosa
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (C.P.R.); (J.J.C.)
- Animal Production Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain;
| | - María José Cubero Pablo
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (J.R.-G.); (M.J.C.P.)
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The Effect of Black Pepper ( Piperine) Extract Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Fecal Microbial, Fecal Gas Emission, and Meat Quality of Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111965. [PMID: 33113842 PMCID: PMC7693949 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, Livestock industries use many herbs and spices as feed additives for various purposes. In addition, herbal extracts can be efficiently used as growth promoters, anti-stress agents, Immune boosters, and antimicrobials. However, limited studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of black pepper extract (BPE) in swine diets. So, in this study, we use different doses of BPE (piperine) as supplemental additives to evaluate the growth performance of finishing pigs. The findings suggested that the graded level of BPE supplementation in pigs diet had a positive effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal gas emission, and meat quality. The results of this research will provide a new perception on the applications of BPE as a feed additive in livestock feed industry. Abstract The study was conducted to assess the effect of black pepper extract (BPE) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal gas emission, and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] finishing pigs with average initial body weight (BW) of 53.7 ± 1.42 kg were used in 10-week trial and allotted to 6 dietary treatments (6 replications pens/treatment with 5 pigs per pen). The dietary treatments were: CON (basal diet), TRT1-CON + 0.025% BPE, TRT2-CON + 0.05% BPE, TRT3-CON + 0.1% BPE, TRT4-CON + 0.2% BPE, TRT5-CON + 0.4% BPE. Linear increase in body weight gain (BWG) (p = 0.038, 0.006) and average daily gain (ADG) were observed (p = 0.035, 0.007,and 0.006 respectively), during the overall trial in pigs fed increasing levels of BPE in supplemented diet compared to control. The dietary supplementation of BPE showed a linear increase (p = 0.007) in gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) at week 10. However, there were no significant results observed on average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the overall experiment. The total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM) was linearly improved (p = 0.053) with graded levels of BPE. In addition, BPE diet supplementation had linearly increased fecal Lactobacillus counts (p = 0.048) and decreased Escherichia coli counts (p = 0.031) in pigs at week 10. Furthermore, NH3, methyl mercaptans, and acetic acid was linearly decreased (p = 0.023, 0.056, 0.054) in pigs fed graded level of BPE supplementation. The inclusion of BPE in pigs’ diet had linearly increased (p = 0.015) backfat thickness at week 10. Thus, we concluded that BPE supplementation had positively enhanced the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal gas emission, and meat quality of finishing pigs.
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ssc-miR-451 Regulates Porcine Primary Adipocyte Differentiation by Targeting ACACA. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101891. [PMID: 33081100 PMCID: PMC7602835 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNA is a small non-coding RNA, which plays an important role in diverse biological processes. In the present study, we explore the effect of ssc-miR-451 on porcine adipose development and meat quality. We observed that ssc-miR-451 was downregulated during porcine primary adipocyte differentiation. Overexpression of ssc-miR-451 inhibited adipogenic differentiation, while inhibition of ssc-miR-451 promoted adipogenic differentiation. The dual luciferase reporter system indicated Acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) as a target gene of ssc-miR-451. Correlation analysis negatively correlated miR-451 expression with intramuscular fat content (IMF) and positively correlated ACACA expression with IMF. Further analysis of fatty acid composition revealed that pigs with high expression of ssc-miR-451 had higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and lower polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Taken together, our study suggests that ssc-miR-451 regulates lipid deposition and fatty acid composition by targeting ACACA, and ssc-miR-451 may serve as a potential genetic marker to improve pork quality.
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Yu M, Li Z, Rong T, Wang G, Liu Z, Chen W, Li J, Li J, Ma X. Different dietary starch sources alter the carcass traits, meat quality, and the profile of muscle amino acid and fatty acid in finishing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:78. [PMID: 32782789 PMCID: PMC7412799 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing health awareness among consumers, the demand for healthier, tastier, higher quality and nutritional value pork is increasing. It has been shown that different dietary starch sources can alter the carcass traits and meat quality. However, research on the effects of different starch sources with clear different amylose/amylopectin ratio on the amino acid and fatty acid composition in Longissimus thoracis (L. thoracis) muscle of pigs is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary starch sources on carcass traits, meat quality, muscle amino acid and fatty acid composition, and the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism and muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 72 Duroc × Landrace × Large White barrows were randomly allocated to 3 different dietary treatment groups with 8 replicate pens/group and 3 pigs per pen. Tapioca starch (TS), corn starch (CS), and pea starch (PS), with amylose/amylopectin ratio of 0.11, 0.25, and 0.44, respectively, were used as their dietary starch sources for 40 days. RESULTS Results showed that the PS diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) the final body weight, average daily gain, loin-eye area, and fat-free lean index compared with the TS diet, but significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the feed to gain ratio and backfat thickness. Compared with the TS diet, PS diet also increased (P < 0.05) the pH45 min, marbling scores, the content of intramuscular fat and inosine monophosphate in the L. thoracis, and decreased (P < 0.05) the drip loss and shear force. In addition, compared with the TS diet, PS diet increased (P < 0.05) the proportions of flavor amino acids, DHA, EPA, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the L. thoracis compared with TS diet, but decreased (P < 0.05) the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA. Furthermore, compared with the TS diet, PS diet also upregulated (P < 0.05) the lipogenic genes (FAS, LPL, SCD, ACCα) and myosin heavy-chain (MyHC)-IIa mRNA expression levels compared with the TS diet, but downregulated (P < 0.05) the CPT1B and MyHC-IIb mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results provided compelling evidence that the different dietary starch source altered the carcass traits, meat flavor and quality in finishing pigs, and consumption of a diet with higher amylose/amylopectin ratio results in the production of a healthy, higher quality, and nutritional value pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and Evaluation; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
| | - Zhenming Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and Evaluation; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
| | - Ting Rong
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and Evaluation; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and Evaluation; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and Evaluation; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and Evaluation; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
| | - Jiazhou Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and Evaluation; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
| | - Jianhao Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and Evaluation; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
| | - Xianyong Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and Evaluation; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China
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Garcia-Galicia IA, Arras-Acosta JA, Huerta-Jimenez M, Rentería-Monterrubio AL, Loya-Olguin JL, Carrillo-Lopez LM, Tirado-Gallegos JM, Alarcon-Rojo AD. Natural Oregano Essential Oil May Replace Antibiotics in Lamb Diets: Effects on Meat Quality. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E248. [PMID: 32408670 PMCID: PMC7277732 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the effect of oregano essential oil (OEO) and monensin sodium on the oxidative stability, colour, texture, and the fatty acid profile of lamb meat (m. Longissimus lumborum). Twenty Dorper x Pelibuey lambs were randomly divided into five treatments; control (CON), monensin sodium (SM, Rumensin 200® 33 mg/kg), a low level of OEO (LO, 0.2 g/kg dry matter (DM)), a medium level of OEO (MO, 0.3g/ kg DM), and a high level of OEO (HO, 0.4 g/kg DM). Dietary supplementation of OEO at any concentration lowered the compression strength in comparison with CON and SM. MO had the highest a* values (7.99) and fatty acid concentration (C16:1n7, C18:1n9c, C18:1n6c, C20:1n9, and C18:2n6c) during storage for 7 d at 3 °C. Lipid oxidation was not promoted (p > 0.05) by the moderated supplementation of oregano essential oil; however, OEO at 0.3 g/kg DM showed a slight lipid pro-oxidant effect. Dietary supplementation of MO and SM had the same effect on colour, tenderness, and the fatty acid profile of lamb (L. lumborum). It was demonstrated that oregano essential oil was beneficial for lambs feeding, and it could be a natural alternative to replace monensin in lamb diets with improvements in the quality of the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Garcia-Galicia
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico; (I.A.G.-G.); (J.A.A.-A.); (A.L.R.-M.); (J.M.T.-G.)
| | - Jose A. Arras-Acosta
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico; (I.A.G.-G.); (J.A.A.-A.); (A.L.R.-M.); (J.M.T.-G.)
| | - Mariana Huerta-Jimenez
- Catedrático CONACYT-UACH, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico; (M.H.-J.); (L.M.C.-L.)
| | - Ana L. Rentería-Monterrubio
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico; (I.A.G.-G.); (J.A.A.-A.); (A.L.R.-M.); (J.M.T.-G.)
| | - Jose L. Loya-Olguin
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias/Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Compostela 63700, Mexico;
| | - Luis M. Carrillo-Lopez
- Catedrático CONACYT-UACH, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico; (M.H.-J.); (L.M.C.-L.)
| | - Juan M. Tirado-Gallegos
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico; (I.A.G.-G.); (J.A.A.-A.); (A.L.R.-M.); (J.M.T.-G.)
| | - Alma D. Alarcon-Rojo
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31453, Mexico; (I.A.G.-G.); (J.A.A.-A.); (A.L.R.-M.); (J.M.T.-G.)
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Gan M, Shen L, Chen L, Jiang D, Jiang Y, Li Q, Chen Y, Ge G, Liu Y, Xu X, Li X, Zhang S, Zhu L. Meat Quality, Amino Acid, and Fatty Acid Composition of Liangshan Pigs at Different Weights. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050822. [PMID: 32397391 PMCID: PMC7278381 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The research on the quality of traditional pork can not only provide a reference for the thorough breeding and food development of pigs, but also make a reference for understanding the local history and social culture. The Liangshan pig is a traditional Chinese miniature pig breed. It is mainly raised in the Liangshan Yi area and is closely related to the dietary culture of the local people. The characteristics of, and changes in, the meat quality, amino acid composition and fatty acid composition of Liangshan pigs of different weights were revealed for the first time in this paper. It was found that as the weight of Liangshan pigs increased, the contents of marbling score, intramuscular fat, shear force, Met, Asp, Asn, C18: 0 and C20: 2 increased, and drip loss, Trp and C22: 6 decreased. Taken together, our findings serve as a reference for the development of the local Liangshan pig industry. Abstract Indigenous pig breeds are important biological resources and their diversity has been severely damaged. The Liangshan pig is a typical mountain-type local pig breed in southwest China. Here, the meat quality, amino acid, and fatty acid composition of Liangshan pigs were compared at seven stages within the weight range of 50–90 kg. A score for comprehensive factors of meat quality was maintained after rising and kept in a plateau within 74.9–91.5 kg of body weight. The total amount of amino acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle remained stable, and the total fatty acids showed an upward trend. Amino acid composition analysis revealed that as the body weight of Liangshan pigs increased, umami, basic, and acidic amino acid contents decreased, while the essential amino acids (EAA) content and the ratio of basic amino acids to acidic amino acids increased. Fatty acid composition analysis revealed that as body weight increased, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) exhibited a downward trend, while the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) exhibited an upward trend. This study is a primary step towards the development and utilization of Liangshan pigs and provides useful information for local pork processing and genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailin Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.C.); (D.J.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.C.); (D.J.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.C.); (D.J.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.C.); (D.J.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China;
| | - Qiang Li
- Sichuan Province General Station of Animal Husbandry, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (G.G.); (Y.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Sichuan Province General Station of Animal Husbandry, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (G.G.); (Y.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Guihua Ge
- Sichuan Province General Station of Animal Husbandry, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (G.G.); (Y.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Yihui Liu
- Sichuan Province General Station of Animal Husbandry, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (G.G.); (Y.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Xu Xu
- Sichuan Province General Station of Animal Husbandry, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (G.G.); (Y.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.C.); (D.J.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.C.); (D.J.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.C.); (D.J.); (X.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (L.Z.)
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García Beltrán JM, Silvera DG, Ruiz CE, Campo V, Chupani L, Faggio C, Esteban MÁ. Effects of dietary Origanum vulgare on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) immune and antioxidant status. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:452-461. [PMID: 32084538 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Origanum sp. is a very common genus of aromatic plants worldwide distributed around the Mediterranean area and O. vulgare (oregano) is the most important species of this genus throughout the world. Due the known medicinal properties of oregano, the effect of diets enriched with 0% (control), 0.5% and 1% oregano leaves powder was studied on the growth, immune and antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish fed with oregano 0.5% and 1% enriched diets improved both humoral (IgM and bactericidal activity in skin mucus and protease activity in serum) and cellular (head kidney leucocytes phagocytic ability) immunity at 15 and 30 days. Furthermore, the addition of oregano did not provoke any significant effect neither in the growth promotion nor in the liver antioxidant enzymes activity studied in the serum and skin mucus. The possibility of using O. vulgare as a functional additive to fish diet is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María García Beltrán
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniel González Silvera
- Nutrition Group. Institute of Aquaculture. Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa Ruiz
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vittorio Campo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, S. Agata-Messina, Italy
| | - Latifeh Chupani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, S. Agata-Messina, Italy
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Napoli E, Siracusa L, Ruberto G. New Tricks for Old Guys: Recent Developments in the Chemistry, Biochemistry, Applications and Exploitation of Selected Species from the Lamiaceae Family. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900677. [PMID: 31967708 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lamiaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants comprising about 250 genera and over 7,000 species. Most of the plants of this family are aromatic and therefore important source of essential oils. Lamiaceae are widely used as culinary herbs and reported as medicinal plants in several folk traditions. In the Mediterranean area oregano, sage, rosemary, thyme and lavender stand out for geographical diffusion and variety of uses. The aim of this review is to provide recent data dealing with the phytochemical and pharmacological studies, and the more recent applications of the essential oils and the non-volatile phytocomplexes. This literature survey suggests how the deeper understanding of biomolecular processes in the health and food sectors as per as pest control bioremediation of cultural heritage, or interaction with human microbiome, fields, leads to the rediscovery and new potential applications of well-known plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, IT-95126, Catania, Italy
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High Altitude Adaptability and Meat Quality in Tibetan Pigs: A Reference for Local Pork Processing and Genetic Improvement. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121080. [PMID: 31817035 PMCID: PMC6940921 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increase in altitude will bring about a complex change in a series of elements of nature, which will have a profound impact on human production and life. Studying domestic animals in the native environment is an effective way to explore the impact of high altitude on human life, and at the same time is conducive to the development of local animal husbandry. Here, we found that the hypoxic adaptation of Tibetan pigs may be related to higher levels of VEGFA, HIF1 and myoglobin expression. The higher aerobic oxidative capacity of Tibetan pigs is beneficial to improve energy utilization, and the higher UFA content of Tibetan pigs is beneficial to cold resistance. In addition, Tibetan pigs have higher levels of BCAA and Myh2 expression, which serve to relieve muscle fatigue and improve endurance. In addition, it was observed that there are obvious differences in carcass and meat quality traits of different altitudes pigs. Taken together, our findings illustrate the adaptability of Tibetan pigs to high altitude from various perspectives and compare carcass and meat quality traits of three pig breeds. Abstract The carcass and meat quality traits of pig breeds living at three different altitudes (Yorkshire pigs, YP: 500m; Qingyu Pigs, QYP: 1500m; Tibetan pigs, TP: 2500m) were compared. It was observed that there are obvious differences in pig breeds with respect to performance parameters. Specifically, YP had the best carcass traits, showing high slaughter rates and leanest meat. Conversely, QYP had the highest back fat thickness and intramuscular fat (IMF) content. For the high-altitude breed TP, the animals exhibited low L* and high a* values. The genotypes contributing to the observed phenotypes were supported by a PCR analysis. The glycolytic genes expression (HK, PFK, PK) were highest in YP, whereas expression of genes related to adipogenesis (C/EBPα, FABP4, SCD1) were highest in QYP. As expected, genes associated with angiogenesis and hypoxia (HIF1a, VEGFA) were expressed at the highest levels in TP. The composition and proportion of amino and fatty acids in pig muscles at the three altitudes examined also varied substantially. Among the breeds, TP had the highest proportion of umami amino acids, whereas QYP had the highest proportion of sweet amino acids. However, TP also exhibited the highest proportion of essential fatty acids and the lowest proportion of n6:n3. This study explains the high-altitude adaptive evolution and the formation of meat quality differences in different altitude pigs from various angles and provides a reference for local pork food processing and genetic improvement of local pigs.
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Chen J, Tian M, Guan W, Wen T, Yang F, Chen F, Zhang S, Song J, Ren C, Zhang Y, Song H. Increasing selenium supplementation to a moderately-reduced energy and protein diet improves antioxidant status and meat quality without affecting growth performance in finishing pigs. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:38-45. [PMID: 31442952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with economic development and living standards' improvement, more and more attention has been converted from satisfying meat quantity to pursuing meat quality. RESEARCH PURPOSE This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing selenium (Se) supplementation to a moderately-reduced energy and protein diet (MREP) on growth performance, antioxidant status, meat quality in finishing pigs. BASIC PROCEDURES A total of 144 "Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire" pigs with the average body weight of 75 ± 1 kg were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment and eight pigs per replicate. The 3 experimental diets were as follows: (1) Normal energy and protein (NEP) +0.2 mg/kg Se diet (14.02 MJ/kg DE, 14% CP and 0.2 mg/kg Se as selenite sodium), (2) MREP +0.2 mg/kg Se diet (13.60 MJ/kg DE, 13% CP and 0.2 mg/kg Se as selenite sodium), and (3) MREP +0.5 mg/kg Se diet (13.60 MJ/kg DE, 13% CP, 0.2 mg/kg Se as selenite sodium, and 0.3 mg/kg Se as Se-enriched yeast). The study lasted for 45 days. MAIN FINDINGS The results show that there were no differences for growth performance, antioxidant status and meat quality of finishing pigs between NEP +0.2 mg/kg Se group and MREP +0.2 mg/kg Se group (P>0.05). However, compared to pigs from MREP +0.2 mg/kg Se group, pigs from MREP +0.5 mg/kg Se group had greater Se concentration, GSH-Px activity and GSH concentration, but lower MDA concentration in serum (P<0.05). Also, pigs from MREP +0.5 mg/kg Se group had greater Se concentration, T-AOC, and SOD activity, but lower MDA concentration in loin compared with pigs from MREP +0.2 mg/kg Se group (P<0.05). As for meat quality, pigs from MREP +0.5 mg/kg Se group had greater a* value (relative redness) at 45 min and 24 h in loin compared with pigs from MREP +0.2 mg/kg Se group (P<0.05). Compared to pigs from MREP +0.2 mg/kg Se group, pigs from MREP +0.5 mg/kg Se group had lower MDA concentration of fresh pork during a simulated retail display at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7 day (P<0.05). PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, increasing selenium supplementation to a moderately-reduced energy and protein diet improved antioxidant status and meat quality without affecting growth performance in finishing pigs. (New Aspects) The present study provided a nutritional strategy for reducing feed costs and improving pork quality without influencing growth performance in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Min Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ting Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Fei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Junjie Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Chunxiao Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yinzi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Hanqing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Xu X, Chen X, Chen D, Yu B, Yin J, Huang Z. Effects of dietary apple polyphenol supplementation on carcass traits, meat quality, muscle amino acid and fatty acid composition in finishing pigs. Food Funct 2019; 10:7426-7434. [PMID: 31660546 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01304k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As health awareness is increasing, consumers have changed their focus with a desire to purchase safer, healthier, and higher quality and nutritional value meat. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary apple polyphenol (APP) supplementation in finishing pigs could provide pork with high quality and nutritional value. In the present study, 36 castrated Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs with an average body weight of 71.25 ± 2.40 kg were randomly divided into three treatments and fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0, 400, or 800 mg kg-1 APPs for 7 weeks. The results showed that dietary 800 mg kg-1 APP supplementation not only decreased backfat thickness and abdominal adipose tissue index but also decreased L* (lightness) and b* (yellowness) in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. The LD muscle crude protein content, the proportions of essential amino acids, flavor amino acids, and total amino acids, as well as the amino acid transporter (SLC7A1, SLC7A2, SLC7A7, SLC1A2) mRNA levels were increased by 800 mg kg-1 APPs. The proportions of docosahexaenoic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the ratio of PUFA to saturated fatty acid in LD muscle were increased by 400 mg kg-1 APPs. Meanwhile, dietary 400 mg kg-1 and 800 mg kg-1 APP supplementation decreased the contents of blood urea nitrogen and total cholesterol, as well as increased the content of inosinic acid in LD muscle. In conclusion, these results suggested that dietary 800 mg kg-1 APP supplementation improved the carcass traits, meat color, and meat flavor in finishing pigs. These results also suggested that dietary 400 mg kg-1 and 800 mg kg-1 APP supplementation improved the meat nutritional value in finishing pigs. The present study provides effective evidence for the application of APP supplementation for healthy high-quality and nutritional value pork production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
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Chen J, Zhang H, Gao H, Kang B, Chen F, Li Y, Fu C, Yao K. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Alpha-Ketoglutarate in a Low-Protein Diet on Fatty Acid Composition and Lipid Metabolism Related Gene Expression in Muscles of Growing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100838. [PMID: 31640132 PMCID: PMC6826391 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a critical intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. AKG has been reported to participate in energy production, promote protein synthesis, and improve amino acid metabolism. However, whether AKG functionally participates in the regulation of fat metabolism remains unknown. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation with AKG on lipid metabolism in a pig model. The present results suggest that AKG supplementation in a reduced-protein diet could increase the intramuscular fat (IMF) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents in the biceps femoris muscles of pigs. These effects could be linked to the altered lipid metabolism related gene mRNA expression, which promotes the absorption and deposition of fatty acids in the muscle tissues. The results of this study can provide better understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary AKG modulates muscle lipid metabolism in pigs, and this could help to improve pig feeding strategies and supply high-quality pork for humans. Abstract The aim of the current study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) in a reduced crude protein (CP) diet would affect fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism related gene expression in the muscles of growing pigs. A total of 27 Large White × Landrace growing pigs at 44 ± 1 d of age (11.96 ± 0.18 kg) were randomly allocated to three treatments (n = 9). Dietary treatments included: (1) normal protein diet with 20% crude protein (CP) (NP); (2) a low crude protein diet formulated to contain approximately 17% CP (LP); and (3) a low crude protein diet with 17% CP supplemented with 1% AKG at the expense of regular corn components (ALP). The experimental trial lasted 35 d. The results showed that compared with the NP and LP diets, supplementation with AKG in a low-protein diet increased the intramuscular fat (IMF), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents (p < 0.05), and tended to increase the percentage of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and stearic acid (C18:0) (p < 0.10) in the biceps femoris and longissimus dorsi muscles of growing pigs. These effects may be associated with increased relative mRNA expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1 (ADD1), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in skeletal muscle, indicating that AKG might be involved in the differential regulation of some key lipogenic genes in skeletal muscles of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Hu Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Baoju Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Fengming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yinghui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Chenxing Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Kang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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Orozco D, Alarcon‐Rojo AD, Chavez‐Mendoza C, Luna L, Carrillo‐Lopez L, Ronquillo O. Frankfurters formulated with pecan nut paste and oregano essential oil as functional components: Proximate composition, lipid oxidation, and fatty acid profile. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Celia Chavez‐Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C. Unidad Delicias Delicias Mexico
| | - Lorena Luna
- Universidad Autonoma de Chihuahua Chihuahua Mexico
| | | | - Oswaldo Ronquillo
- Sitio Experimental La Campana Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Aldama Mexico
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Hu H, Wu C, Ding Y, Zhang X, Yang M, Wen A, Yin Z. Comparative analysis of meat sensory quality, antioxidant status, growth hormone and orexin between Anqingliubai and Yorkshire pigs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1643729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueyun Ding
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Wen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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Alfaia CM, Lopes PA, Madeira MS, Pestana JM, Coelho D, Toldrá F, Prates JAM. Current feeding strategies to improve pork intramuscular fat content and its nutritional quality. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 89:53-94. [PMID: 31351530 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pork, one of the most consumed meats worldwide, has been facing major challenges regarding its low sensory quality and unhealthy image of fat. This chapter addresses current feeding strategies to ameliorate pork sensory attributes and nutritional quality by increasing intramuscular fat deposition and improving fatty acid composition, respectively. Dietary protein reduction, alone or combined with some components, contributes to satisfy consumer requirements and enhances the competitiveness of the meat industry with higher pork quality and lower production costs. In addition, feeding sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to pigs, mainly from marine origin (rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids), increases their content in pork, thus improving the health value of its fatty acid profile. In the near future, the inclusion of microalgae and seaweeds in feed represents a promising approach for the maintenance and development of the livestock sector, as an environmental friendly alternative to balance food and feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Alfaia
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P A Lopes
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M S Madeira
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J M Pestana
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D Coelho
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fidel Toldrá
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - J A M Prates
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Janacua-Vidales H, Peña-González E, Alarcon-Rojo AD, Ortega-Gutiérrez J, Aguilar-Palma N. Determination of carcase yield, sensory and acceptance of meat from male and female pigs with dietary supplementation of oregano essential oils. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1553507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Janacua-Vidales
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico
| | - Esmeralda Peña-González
- Faculty of Animal Science and Ecology, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Alma D. Alarcon-Rojo
- Faculty of Animal Science and Ecology, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Juan Ortega-Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Animal Science and Ecology, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Nelson Aguilar-Palma
- Faculty of Animal Science and Ecology, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
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Liu Y, Jia Y, Liu C, Ding L, Xia Z. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of breast muscle in Pekin ducks supplemented with the dietary probiotic Clostridium butyricum. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:844. [PMID: 30486769 PMCID: PMC6264624 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased attention is being paid to breast muscle yield and meat quality in the duck breeding industry. Our previous report has demonstrated that dietary Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) can improve meat quality of Pekin ducks. However, the potential biological processes and molecular mechanisms that are modulated by dietary C. butyricum in the breast muscle of Pekin ducks remain unknown. RESULTS Supplementation with C. butyricum increased growth performance and meat yield. Therefore, we utilized de novo assembly methods to analyze the RNA-Seq transcriptome profiles in breast muscle to explore the differentially expressed genes between C. butyricum-treated and control Pekin ducks. A total of 1119 differentially expressed candidate genes were found of which 403 genes were significantly up-regulated and 716 genes were significantly down-regulated significantly. qRT-PCR analysis was used to confirm the accuracy of the of RNA-Seq results. GO annotations revealed potential genes, processes and pathways that may participate in meat quality and muscle development. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes participated in numerous pathways related to muscle development, including ECM-receptor interaction, the MAPK signaling pathway and the TNF signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that long-time dietary supplementation with C. butyricum can modulate muscle development and meat quality via altering the expression patterns of genes involved in crucial metabolic pathways. The findings presented here provide unique insights into the molecular mechanisms of muscle development in Pekin ducks in response to dietary C. butyricum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yaxiong Jia
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Cun Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Limin Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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Effect of Ferulago angulata (Chavil) essential oil supplementation on lamb growth performance and meat quality characteristics. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Cheng C, Xia M, Zhang X, Wang C, Jiang S, Peng J. Supplementing Oregano Essential Oil in a Reduced-Protein Diet Improves Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility by Modulating Intestinal Bacteria, Intestinal Morphology, and Antioxidative Capacity of Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8090159. [PMID: 30235792 PMCID: PMC6162377 DOI: 10.3390/ani8090159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of supplementing oregano essential oil (OEO) to a reduced-protein diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal bacteria, intestinal morphology, and antioxidative capacity of growing-finishing pigs. Forty-eight barrows were randomly allotted to four treatments including normal-protein diet (NPD), reduced-protein, amino acid-supplemented diet (RPD), the same RPD supplemented with chlortetracycline (RPA), and RPD supplemented with OEO (RPO). The data showed that dietary OEO supplementation increased the average daily gain of pigs compared with NPD and RPD. The gain:feed in RPO- and NPD-fed pigs was higher than those in RPD- and RPA-fed pigs. Increased average daily feed intake and 10th-rib backfat thickness were detected in RPA-fed pigs. Pigs fed the RPO had higher apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein than those fed the other diets. The RPD and RPA treatments showed reduced counts of Lactobacillus spp. in ileal digesta of pigs. The RPA and RPO treatments also showed lower Escherichia coli counts in ileal digesta than the NPD and RPD treatments. Dietary OEO supplementation increased villous height of the jejunum and the ileal and plasma total antioxidative capacity of pigs. In conclusion, dietary OEO supplementation could improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs by modulating intestinal bacteria, intestinal morphology, and antioxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshang Cheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mao Xia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaming Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Siwen Jiang
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
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49
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Liu Y, Li Y, Feng X, Wang Z, Xia Z. Dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum modulates serum lipid metabolism, meat quality, and the amino acid and fatty acid composition of Peking ducks. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3218-3229. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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50
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Lei XJ, Yun HM, Kim IH. Effects of dietary supplementation of natural and fermented herbs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, meat quality and fatty acid composition in growing-finishing pigs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1429955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jian Lei
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Min Yun
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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