1
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Mu Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Gu S, Zuo H. Associations of plasma arginine, homoarginine, and ADMA/SDMA levels with risk of ischemic stroke: A nested case-control study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024:S0939-4753(24)00302-8. [PMID: 39277534 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have linked aberrant nitric oxide (NO) metabolism with vascular diseases. Although arginine, homoarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are involved in NO metabolic pathways, their associations with ischemic stroke (IS) remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a case-control study nested within the Prospective Follow-up Study on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in China (PFS-CMMC) (2013-2018, n = 16,457; median follow-up time: 5.3 y), which included 321 incident cases of IS and 321 controls matched by age and sex. Plasma arginine, homoarginine, ADMA/SDMA were measured by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between the plasma metabolites and IS risk. After adjustment for body mass index, educational attainment, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and family history of stroke, the OR of IS risk for the highest versus the lowest quartile was 2.46 (95% CI: 1.39-4.35, P trend = 0.004) for homoarginine and 2.22 (95% CI: 1.24-3.97, P trend = 0.003) for ADMA/SDMA. Spline regression analyses indicated positive dose-response relationships of homoarginine and ADMA/SDMA with the IS risk (both P for linearity <0.05). No significant association was observed between plasma arginine and IS risk. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma levels of homoarginine and ADMA/SDMA were associated with a higher risk of IS. Our novel findings suggest a role of NO metabolism in the pathogenesis of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Mu
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shujie Wang
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shujun Gu
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zuo
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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2
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Zhang K, Mishra A, Jagannath C. New insight into arginine and tryptophan metabolism in macrophage activation during tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1363938. [PMID: 38605962 PMCID: PMC11008464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Arginine and tryptophan are pivotal in orchestrating cytokine-driven macrophage polarization and immune activation. Specifically, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression), leading to the conversion of arginine into citrulline and nitric oxide (NO), while Interleukin-4 (IL4) promotes arginase activation, shifting arginine metabolism toward ornithine. Concomitantly, IFN-γ triggers indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and Interleukin-4 induced 1 (IL4i1), resulting in the conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine and indole-3-pyruvic acid. These metabolic pathways are tightly regulated by NAD+-dependent sirtuin proteins, with Sirt2 and Sirt5 playing integral roles. In this review, we present novel insights that augment our understanding of the metabolic pathways of arginine and tryptophan following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, particularly their relevance in macrophage responses. Additionally, we discuss arginine methylation and demethylation and the role of Sirt2 and Sirt5 in regulating tryptophan metabolism and arginine metabolism, potentially driving macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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3
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Ling ZN, Jiang YF, Ru JN, Lu JH, Ding B, Wu J. Amino acid metabolism in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:345. [PMID: 37699892 PMCID: PMC10497558 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein synthesis. They are structural elements and energy sources of cells necessary for normal cell growth, differentiation and function. Amino acid metabolism disorders have been linked with a number of pathological conditions, including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, immune diseases, and cancer. In the case of tumors, alterations in amino acid metabolism can be used not only as clinical indicators of cancer progression but also as therapeutic strategies. Since the growth and development of tumors depend on the intake of foreign amino acids, more and more studies have targeted the metabolism of tumor-related amino acids to selectively kill tumor cells. Furthermore, immune-related studies have confirmed that amino acid metabolism regulates the function of effector T cells and regulatory T cells, affecting the function of immune cells. Therefore, studying amino acid metabolism associated with disease and identifying targets in amino acid metabolic pathways may be helpful for disease treatment. This article mainly focuses on the research of amino acid metabolism in tumor-oriented diseases, and reviews the research and clinical research progress of metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and immune-related diseases related to amino acid metabolism, in order to provide theoretical basis for targeted therapy of amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Nan Ling
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Jiang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Nan Ru
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hua Lu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ding
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
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4
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Massignani E, Giambruno R, Maniaci M, Nicosia L, Yadav A, Cuomo A, Raimondi F, Bonaldi T. ProMetheusDB: An In-Depth Analysis of the High-Quality Human Methyl-proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100243. [PMID: 35577067 PMCID: PMC9207298 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine (R) methylation is a post-translational modification involved in various biological processes, such as RNA splicing, DNA repair, immune response, signal transduction, and tumor development. Although several advancements were made in the study of this modification by mass spectrometry, researchers still face the problem of a high false discovery rate. We present a dataset of high-quality methylations obtained from several different heavy methyl stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture experiments analyzed with a machine learning–based tool and show that this model allows for improved high-confidence identification of real methyl-peptides. Overall, our results are consistent with the notion that protein R methylation modulates protein–RNA interactions and suggest a role in rewiring protein–protein interactions, for which we provide experimental evidence for a representative case (i.e., NONO [non-POU domain–containing octamer-binding protein]–paraspeckle component 1 [PSPC1]). Upon intersecting our R-methyl-sites dataset with the PhosphoSitePlus phosphorylation dataset, we observed that R methylation correlates differently with S/T-Y phosphorylation in response to various stimuli. Finally, we explored the application of heavy methyl stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture to identify unconventional methylated residues and successfully identified novel histone methylation marks on serine 28 and threonine 32 of H3. The database generated, named ProMetheusDB, is freely accessible at https://bioserver.ieo.it/shiny/app/prometheusdb. hmSEEKER 2.0 identifies methyl-peptides from hmSILAC data through machine learning. Arginine methylation plays a role in modulating protein–protein interactions. Arginine methylations occur more frequently in proximity of phosphorylation sites. hmSEEKER 2.0 was used to identify methylations occurring on nonstandard amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Massignani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; European School of Molecular Medicine (SEMM), Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Giambruno
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Center for Genomic Science of Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia at European School of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy; Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Maniaci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; European School of Molecular Medicine (SEMM), Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Nicosia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Avinash Yadav
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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5
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A new diarylethene based chemosensor for colorimetric recognition of arginine and fluorescent detection of Cu2+. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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6
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Chemotactic responses of Brugia pahangi infective third-stage larvae to tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-related compounds and amino acids. J Helminthol 2021; 95:e72. [PMID: 34879884 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x21000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the exogenous compound tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) showed a potent chemoattractant activity for Brugia pahangi infective third-stage larvae (L3), it was assumed that, in natural infection to a host, filarial L3 can be expected to recognize an endogenous Tris-related compound. In addition, a few amino acids have been identified as water-soluble attractants for second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita, a plant parasitic nematode. Therefore, the present study assesses the in vitro chemotactic responses of B. pahangi L3 to Tris-related compounds and amino acids using an agar-plate assay. Among Tris-related compounds, 2-amino-1,3-propanediol (APD) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD) exhibited a potent chemoattractant activity for filarial L3 at a level similar to Tris. Furthermore, arginine (Arg) was identified as a potent attractant for filarial L3 among amino acids. In addition, filarial L3 were attracted to Arg, APD and AMPD in mild alkaline conditions rather than acidic conditions. The chemoattractant activity of the three compounds for filarial L3 was observed in concentrations between 6.3 and 200 mm. This is the first report to demonstrate that Arg, APD and AMPD are potent chemoattractants for B. pahangi L3. Endogenous Arg and APD, in particular, may be involved in the regulation of the chemotactic behaviour of filarial L3 in the infection to a host. The present results will help to elucidate the mechanism of filarial skin-penetrating invasion of a host.
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7
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Mohanty I, Moore SG, Biggs JS, Freeman CJ, Gaul DA, Garg N, Agarwal V. Stereochemical Assignment and Absolute Abundance of Nonproteinogenic Amino Acid Homoarginine in Marine Sponges. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33200-33205. [PMID: 34901671 PMCID: PMC8656204 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Together with arginine, the nonproteinogenic amino acid homoarginine is a substrate for the production of vasodilator nitric oxide in the human body. In marine sponges, homoarginine has been postulated to serve as a precursor for the biosynthesis of pyrrole-imidazole alkaloid and bromotyrosine alkaloid classes of natural products. The absolute abundance of homoarginine, its abundance relative to arginine, and its stereochemical assignment in marine sponges are not known. Here, using stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry, we quantify the absolute abundances of homoarginine and arginine in marine sponges. We find that the abundance of homoarginine is highly variable and can far exceed the concentration of arginine, even in sponges where incorporation of homoarginine in natural products cannot be rationalized. The [homoarginine]/[arginine] ratio in marine sponges is greater than that in human analytes. By derivatization of sponge extracts with Marfey's reagent and comparison with authentic standards, we determine the l-isomer of homoarginine to be exclusively present in sponges. Our results shed light on the presence of the high abundance of homoarginine in marine sponge metabolomes and provide the foundation to investigate the biosynthetic routes and physiological roles of this nonproteinogenic amino acid in sponge physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Mohanty
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Samuel G. Moore
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jason S. Biggs
- University
of Guam Marine Laboratory, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923, United States
| | - Christopher J. Freeman
- Department
of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, United States
- Smithsonian
Marine Station, Ft. Pierce, Florida 34949, United States
| | - David A. Gaul
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Neha Garg
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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8
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Zhou Y, Liu G, Huang H, Wu J. Advances and impact of arginine-based materials in wound healing. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6738-6750. [PMID: 34346479 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00958c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In studies on wound-dressing materials, bioactive materials have been developed rapidly to accelerate wound healing. In recent years, scientists have studied arginine as a bioactive component due to its excellent biosafety, antimicrobial properties and therapeutic effects on wound healing. Surprisingly, arginine therapy is also used under specific pathological conditions, such as diabetes and trauma/hemorrhagic shock. Due to the broad utilization of arginine-assisted therapy, we present the unique properties of arginine for healing lesions of damaged tissue and examined multiple arginine-based systems for the application of wound healing. This review shows that arginine-based therapy can be separated in two categories: direct supplemental approaches of free arginine, and indirect approaches based on arginine derivatives in which modified arginine can be released after biodegradation. Using these two pathways, arginine-based therapy may prove to be a promising strategy in the development of wound curative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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9
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Nolde M, Bahls M, Friedrich N, Dörr M, Dreischulte T, Felix SB, Rückert-Eheberg IM, Ahn N, Amann U, Schwedhelm E, Völzke H, Lerch MM, Linseisen J, Meisinger C, Baumeister SE. Association of proton pump inhibitor use with endothelial function and metabolites of the nitric oxide pathway: A cross-sectional study. Pharmacotherapy 2021; 41:198-204. [PMID: 33465818 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Long-term intake of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) might increase the risk of cardiovascular events. One suggested mechanism is that PPIs inhibit the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) and thereby block the degradation of endothelial asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA). Excess ADMA in turn leads to impaired endothelial nitric oxide (NO) generation. So far, this mechanism has only been established in human cell cultures. Previous studies that examined this pathway in human populations measured circulating ADMA and found no association with PPI use and excess plasma ADMA. But in a recent study, plasma ADMA was not correlated with intracellular ADMA. We therefore focused on changes in plasma citrulline as an indicator for potential DDAH inhibition. DESIGN We analyzed the association between regular daily PPI intake and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery as well as plasma concentrations of citrulline, arginine, ADMA, and symmetric dimethylarginine using inverse probability weighting to adjust for confounding and censoring. DATA SOURCE Data of 1298 participants from two independent cohorts of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania were used. PATIENTS Participants of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania are a stratified random sample of the study region. INTERVENTION Regular daily intake of PPIs. MEASUREMENTS FMD of the brachial artery and plasma concentrations of citrulline, arginine, ADMA, and symmetric dimethylarginine. MAIN RESULTS Eighty-seven participants (57.5% female) were regular daily users of PPIs. In the fully adjusted models, associations were identified for FMD and plasma citrulline concentrations. PPI users revealed a 0.99% (95% CI: -1.96 to -0.02) lower FMD and 3.03 µmol/L (95% CI: -4.96 to -1.10) lower plasma citrulline levels as compared to non-users. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence that long-term intake of PPIs might inhibit human DDAH activity, resulting in impaired endothelial NO production and reduced vascular function. In the long run, this might explain an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases associated with long-term PPI use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nolde
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tobias Dreischulte
- Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan B Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ina-Maria Rückert-Eheberg
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Nayeon Ahn
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ute Amann
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute of Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian E Baumeister
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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10
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Bollenbach A, Gambaryan S, Mindukshev I, Pich A, Tsikas D. GC-MS and LC-MS/MS pilot studies on the guanidine (N G)-dimethylation in native, asymmetrically and symmetrically N G-dimethylated arginine-vasopressin peptides and proteins in human red blood cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1141:122024. [PMID: 32062367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein-arginine methyltransferases catalyze the methylation of the guanidine (NG) group of proteinic L-arginine (Arg) to produce monomethyl and dimethylarginine proteins. Their proteolysis releases the free amino acids monomethylarginine (MMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), respectively. MMA, SDMA and ADMA are inhibitors of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. High circulating and low urinary concentrations of ADMA and SDMA are considered risk factors in the cardiovascular and renal systems, mainly due to their inhibitory action on NOS activity. Identity, biological activity and concentration of NG-methylated proteins are largely unknown. The present study addressed these issues by using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS approaches. GC-MS was used to quantify free ADMA released by classical HCl-catalyzed hydrolysis of three synthetic Arg-vasopressin (V) peptides and of unknown endogenous NG-dimethylated proteins. The cyclic (c) disulfide forms of Arg-vasopressin analogs, i.e., Arg-vasopressin (cV-Arg-Gly-NH2), asymmetrically NG-dimethylated vasopressin (cV-ADMA-Gly-NH2) and symmetrically NG-dimethylated vasopressin (cV-SDMA-Gly-NH2) were used as model peptides in quantitative GC-MS analyses of ADMA, SDMA and other expected amino acids from the hydrolyzed Arg-vasopressin analogs. cV-ADMA-Gly-NH2 and cV-SDMA-Gly-NH2 were discriminated from cV-Arg-Gly-NH2 by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS, yet they were indistinguishable from each other. The same applies to the respective open (o) reduced and di-S-acetamide forms of oV-ADMA-Gly-NH2, oV-SDMA-Gly-NH2 and oV-Arg-Gly-NH2. Our LC-MS and LC-MS/MS studies suggest that the Arg-vasopressin analogs form [(M-H)]+ and [(M-H)+H]+ in the positive ESI mode and undergo in part conversion of their terminal Gly-NH2 (NH2, 16 Da) group to Gly-OH (OH, 17 Da). The product ion mass spectra of the di-S-acetamide forms are complex and contain several intense mass fragments differing by 1 Da. cV-ADMA-Gly-NH2 and cV-SDMA-Gly-NH2 induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich human plasma with moderately different initial velocity and maximal aggregation rates compared to cV-Arg-Gly-NH2. Previous studies showed that human red blood cells are rich in large (>50 kDa) ADMA-containing proteins of unknown identity. Our LC-MS/MS proteomic study identified several membrane and cytosolic erythrocytic NG-dimethylated proteins, including spectrin-α (280 kDa), spectrin-β (247 kDa) and protein 4.1 (80 kDa). Being responsible for the stability of the erythrocyte membrane, the newly identified main targets for NG-dimethylation in human erythrocytes should be given a closer look in erythrocytic diseases like hereditary spherocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bollenbach
- Institute of Toxicology and Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Igor Mindukshev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Andreas Pich
- Institute of Toxicology and Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology and Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Karetnikova ES, Jarzebska N, Markov AG, Weiss N, Lentz SR, Rodionov RN. Is Homoarginine a Protective Cardiovascular Risk Factor? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:869-875. [PMID: 30866658 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of recent epidemiological studies have implicated the endogenous nonproteinogenic amino acid l-homoarginine as a novel candidate cardiovascular risk factor. The association between homoarginine levels and the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes is inverse (ie, high cardiovascular risk is predicted by low rather than high homoarginine levels), which makes it plausible to normalize systemic homoarginine levels via oral supplementation. The emergence of homoarginine as a potentially treatable protective cardiovascular risk factor has generated a wave of hope in the field of cardiovascular prevention. Herein, we review the biochemistry, physiology, and metabolism of homoarginine, summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the epidemiological evidence linking homoarginine to cardiovascular disease and its potential protective cardiovascular effects, and identify priorities for future research needed to define the clinical utility of homoarginine as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Karetnikova
- From the Department of Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia (E.S.K., A.G.M.)
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (N.J., N.W., R.N.R.)
| | - Alexander G Markov
- From the Department of Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia (E.S.K., A.G.M.)
| | - Norbert Weiss
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (N.J., N.W., R.N.R.)
| | - Steven R Lentz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (S.R.L.)
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (N.J., N.W., R.N.R.).,Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (R.N.R.)
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12
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Fulton MD, Brown T, Zheng YG. The Biological Axis of Protein Arginine Methylation and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133322. [PMID: 31284549 PMCID: PMC6651691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) in eukaryotic cells play important roles in the regulation of functionalities of the proteome and in the tempo-spatial control of cellular processes. Most PTMs enact their regulatory functions by affecting the biochemical properties of substrate proteins such as altering structural conformation, protein-protein interaction, and protein-nucleic acid interaction. Amid various PTMs, arginine methylation is widespread in all eukaryotic organisms, from yeasts to humans. Arginine methylation in many situations can drastically or subtly affect the interactions of substrate proteins with their partnering proteins or nucleic acids, thus impacting major cellular programs. Recently, arginine methylation has become an important regulator of the formation of membrane-less organelles inside cells, a phenomenon of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), through altering π-cation interactions. Another unique feature of arginine methylation lies in its impact on cellular physiology through its downstream amino acid product, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Accumulation of ADMA in cells and in the circulating bloodstream is connected with endothelial dysfunction and a variety of syndromes of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we review the current knowledge and understanding of protein arginine methylation in regards to its canonical function in direct protein regulation, as well as the biological axis of protein arginine methylation and ADMA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody D Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tyler Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Y George Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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13
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Patel L, Kilbride HS, Stevens PE, Eaglestone G, Knight S, L Carter J, Delaney MP, Farmer CK, Dalton N, Lamb EJ. Symmetric dimethylarginine is a stronger predictor of mortality risk than asymmetric dimethylarginine among older people with kidney disease. Ann Clin Biochem 2019; 56:367-374. [PMID: 30813746 DOI: 10.1177/0004563218822655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine and symmetric dimethylarginine are increased in patients with kidney disease. Symmetric dimethylarginine is considered a good marker of glomerular filtration rate, while asymmetric dimethylarginine is a marker of cardiovascular risk. However, a link between symmetric dimethylarginine and all-cause mortality has been reported. In the present study, we evaluated both dimethylarginines as risk and glomerular filtration rate markers in a cohort of elderly white individuals, both with and without chronic kidney disease. METHODS Glomerular filtration rate was measured in 394 individuals aged >74 years using an iohexol clearance method. Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine and iohexol were measured simultaneously using isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations were increased ( P < 0.01) in people with glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 compared with those with glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, but did not differ ( P > 0.05) between those with glomerular filtration rate 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Plasma symmetric dimethylarginine increased consistently across declining glomerular filtration rate categories ( P < 0.0001). Glomerular filtration rate had an independent effect on plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine concentration, while glomerular filtration rate, gender, body mass index and haemoglobin had independent effects on plasma symmetric dimethylarginine concentration. Participants were followed up for a median of 33 months. There were 65 deaths. High plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine ( P = 0.0412) and symmetric dimethylarginine ( P < 0.0001) concentrations were independently associated with reduced survival. CONCLUSIONS Among elderly white individuals with a range of kidney function, symmetric dimethylarginine was a better marker of glomerular filtration rate and a stronger predictor of outcome than asymmetric dimethylarginine. Future studies should further evaluate the role of symmetric dimethylarginine as a marker of outcome and assess its potential value as a marker of glomerular filtration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyona Patel
- 1 East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Hannah S Kilbride
- 1 East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Paul E Stevens
- 1 East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Gillian Eaglestone
- 1 East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Sarah Knight
- 1 East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Joanne L Carter
- 1 East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Michael P Delaney
- 1 East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | | | - Neil Dalton
- 2 The Wellchild Laboratory, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Edmund J Lamb
- 1 East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, Kent, UK
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14
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Tommasi S, Elliot DJ, Da Boit M, Gray SR, Lewis BC, Mangoni AA. Homoarginine and inhibition of human arginase activity: kinetic characterization and biological relevance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3697. [PMID: 29487337 PMCID: PMC5829263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of arginase, resulting in higher arginine (ARG) availability for nitric oxide synthesis, may account for the putative protective effect of homoarginine (HOMOARG) against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, uncertainty exists regarding the significance of HOMOARG-induced arginase inhibition in vivo. A novel UPLC-MS method, measuring the conversion of ARG to ornithine (ORN), was developed to determine arginase 1 and arginase 2 inhibition by HOMOARG, lysine (LYS), proline (PRO), agmatine (AG), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). Plasma HOMOARG, ARG and ORN concentrations were further measured in 50 healthy older adults >65 years (27 males and 23 females). HOMOARG inhibited arginase 1 with IC50 and Ki values of 8.14 ± 0.52 mM and 6.1 ± 0.50 mM, and arginase 2 with IC50 and Ki values of 2.52 ± 0.01 mM and 1.73 ± 0.10 mM, respectively. Both arginase isoforms retained 90% activity vs. control when physiological HOMOARG concentrations (1-10 µM) were used. In partial correlation analysis, plasma HOMOARG was not associated with ARG (P = 0.38) or ARG/ORN ratio (P = 0.73) in older adults. Our results suggest that arginase inhibition is unlikely to play a significant role in the reported cardio-protective effects of HOMOARG.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tommasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D J Elliot
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M Da Boit
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - S R Gray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - B C Lewis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia.
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15
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Buijs N, Oosterink JE, Jessup M, Schierbeek H, Stolz DB, Houdijk AP, Geller DA, van Leeuwen PA. A new key player in VEGF-dependent angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma: dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:557-565. [PMID: 28741166 PMCID: PMC5660142 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-angiogenic therapies, targeting VEGF, are a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To enhance this potential therapy, identification of novel targets in this pathway is of major interest. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in VEGF-dependent angiogenesis. NO production depends on arginine as substrate and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as inhibitor. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH-1) catabolizes ADMA and therefore regulates NO and VEGF expression. This study unravels additional mechanisms to improve VEGF targeting therapies. METHODS The expression of DDAH-1 was examined in HCC specimen and non-tumorous background liver of 20 patients undergoing liver resection. Subsequently, arginine/ADMA balance, NO production, and VEGF expression were analyzed. The influence of hypoxia on DDAH-1 and angiogenesis promoting factors was evaluated in HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes. RESULTS DDAH-1 expression was significantly induced in primary HCC tumors compared to non-tumorous background liver. This was associated with an increased arginine/ADMA ratio, higher NO formation, and higher VEGF expression in human HCC compared to non-tumorous liver. Hypoxia induced DDAH-1, iNOS, and VEGF expression in a time-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that DDAH-1 expression is increased in human HCC, which is associated with an increase in the arginine/ADMA ratio and enhanced NO formation. Hypoxia may be an initiating factor for the increase in DDAH-1 expression. DDAH-1 expression is associated with promotion of angiogenesis stimulating factor VEGF. Together, our findings for the first time identified DDAH-1 as a key player in the regulation of angiogenesis in human HCC, and by understanding this mechanism, future therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Buijs
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Surgery, Medical Center Alkmaar, Trial Center Holland Health, Alkmaar, The Netherlands.
| | - J Efraim Oosterink
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan Jessup
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Henk Schierbeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander P Houdijk
- Department of Surgery, Medical Center Alkmaar, Trial Center Holland Health, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - David A Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul A van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Atzler D, Appelbaum S, Cordts K, Ojeda FM, Wild PS, Münzel T, Blankenberg S, Böger RH, Blettner M, Beutel ME, Pfeiffer N, Zeller T, Lackner KJ, Schwedhelm E. Reference intervals of plasma homoarginine from the German Gutenberg Health Study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 54:1231-7. [PMID: 26562034 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low circulating homoarginine has been associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcome and mortality in patients at risk and in the general population. The present study aimed to define plasma homoarginine reference intervals from a representative population sample to improve risk stratification between healthy individuals and individuals at risk. METHODS We determined age- and sex-specific reference intervals for circulating plasma homoarginine in a subgroup of 786 healthy participants (no CV disease or risk factors) of the Gutenberg Health Study. Homoarginine concentrations were measured using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. RESULTS Median EDTA plasma homoarginine concentration was 1.88 [25th; 75th percentile, 1.47; 2.41] μmol/L, with lower concentrations in women (1.77 [1.38; 2.26] μmol/L) than in men (2.01 [1.61; 2.56] μmol/L; p<0.001). Sex-specific 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of reference intervals were 0.84 and 3.89 μmol/L in women and 0.98 and 4.10 μmol/L in men, respectively. Homoarginine concentrations also depended on age and single nucleotide polymorphisms related to the L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase gene. CONCLUSIONS We provide plasma homoarginine reference intervals in men and women of the general population. The determination of homoarginine levels might be favorable for individual risk stratification.
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17
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Morris SM. Arginine Metabolism Revisited. J Nutr 2016; 146:2579S-2586S. [PMID: 27934648 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.226621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian arginine metabolism is complex due to the expression of multiple enzymes that utilize arginine as substrate and to interactions or competition between specific enzymes involved in arginine metabolism. Moreover, cells may contain multiple intracellular arginine pools that are not equally accessible to all arginine metabolic enzymes, thus presenting additional challenges to more fully understanding arginine metabolism. At the whole-body level, arginine metabolism ultimately results in the production of a biochemically diverse range of products, including nitric oxide, urea, creatine, polyamines, proline, glutamate, agmatine, and homoarginine. Included in this group of compounds are the methylated arginines (e.g., asymmetric dimethylarginine), which are released upon degradation of proteins containing methylated arginine residues. Changes in arginine concentration also can regulate cellular metabolism and function via a variety of arginine sensors. Although much is known about arginine metabolism, elucidation of the physiologic or pathophysiologic roles for all of the pathways and their metabolites remains an active area of investigation, as exemplified by current findings highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney M Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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18
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Neves JA, Neves JA, Oliveira RDCM. Biomarcadores de função endotelial em doenças cardiovasculares: hipertensão. J Vasc Bras 2016; 15:224-233. [PMID: 29930594 PMCID: PMC5829760 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A incidência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica está aumentando mundialmente. Sua prevenção baseia-se na identificação dos hipertensos. Atualmente, biomarcadores são utilizados com fins de diagnosticar, estratificar e prognosticar doenças. Neste estudo, objetivou-se revisar artigos dos últimos cinco anos relacionados a biomarcadores nas doenças cardiovasculares. Pesquisaram-se dados de PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct e MEDLINE, mediante as palavras-chave: hipertensão arterial, biomarcadores cardiovasculares, óxido nítrico, função endotelial e dimetilarginina assimétrica. Os estudos levantados mostram que as doenças cardiovasculares possuem uma etiologia complexa. Neste artigo, evidenciaram-se interações entre o óxido nítrico e a dimetilarginina assimétrica na regulação, no metabolismo e na determinação dos níveis intracelulares, e reviram-se outros biomarcadores relacionados à hipertensão. Alguns estudos indicam os biomarcadores como uma ferramenta útil na predição de eventos cardíacos, e outros reportam que eles contribuem pouco para a avaliação. A seleção e combinação desses pode ser uma alternativa para validar o uso dos biomarcadores devido à pouca especificidade existente para diagnosticar a hipertensão.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josynaria Araújo Neves
- Universidade Federal do Piauí – UFPI, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Medicinais – NPPM, Teresina, PI, Brasil.
| | - Josyanne Araújo Neves
- Universidade Federal do Piauí – UFPI, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Plantas Medicinais – NPPM, Teresina, PI, Brasil.
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Lambden S, Martin D, Vanezis K, Lee B, Tomlinson J, Piper S, Boruc O, Mythen M, Leiper J. Hypoxia causes increased monocyte nitric oxide synthesis which is mediated by changes in dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 expression in animal and human models of normobaric hypoxia. Nitric Oxide 2016; 58:59-66. [PMID: 27319282 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue hypoxia is a cardinal feature of inflammatory diseases and modulates monocyte function. Nitric oxide is a crucial component of the immune cell response. This study explored the metabolism of the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide production asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA) by monocyte dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2(DDAH2), and the role of this pathway in the regulation of the cellular response and the local environment during hypoxia. METHODS Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from a macrophage-specific DDAH2 knockout mouse that we developed and compared with appropriate controls. Cells were exposed to 3% oxygen followed by reoxygenation at 21%. Healthy volunteers underwent an 8 h exposure to normobaric hypoxia with an inspired oxygen percentage of 12%. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from blood samples taken before and at the end of this exposure. RESULTS Intracellular nitrate plus nitrite(NOx) concentration was higher in wild-type murine monocytes after hypoxia and reoxygenation than in normoxia-treated cells (mean(SD) 13·2(2·4) vs 8·1(1·7) pmols/mg protein, p = 0·009). DDAH2 protein was 4·5-fold (SD 1·3) higher than in control cells (p = 0·03). This increase led to a 24% reduction in ADMA concentration, 0·33(0.04) pmols/mg to 0·24(0·03), p = 0·002). DDAH2-deficient murine monocytes demonstrated no increase in nitric oxide production after hypoxic challenge. These findings were recapitulated in a human observational study. Mean plasma NOx concentration was elevated after hypoxic exposure (3·6(1.8)μM vs 6·4(3·2), p = 0·01), which was associated with a reduction in intracellular ADMA in paired samples from 3·6(0.27) pmols/mg protein to 3·15(0·3) (p < 0·01). This finding was associated with a 1·9-fold(0·6) increase in DDAH2 expression over baseline(p = 0·03). DISCUSSION This study shows that in both human and murine models of acute hypoxia, increased DDAH2 expression mediates a reduction in intracellular ADMA concentration which in turn leads to elevated nitric oxide concentrations both within the cell and in the local environment. Cells deficient in DDAH2 were unable to mount this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lambden
- Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, Clinical Sciences Centre, MRC, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Martin
- Centre for Altitude, Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - K Vanezis
- Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, Clinical Sciences Centre, MRC, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - B Lee
- Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, Clinical Sciences Centre, MRC, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Tomlinson
- Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, Clinical Sciences Centre, MRC, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Piper
- Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, Clinical Sciences Centre, MRC, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - O Boruc
- Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, Clinical Sciences Centre, MRC, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Mythen
- Centre for Altitude, Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, UCL, London, UK
| | - J Leiper
- Nitric Oxide Signalling Group, Clinical Sciences Centre, MRC, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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20
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Bekpinar S, Vardagli D, Unlucerci Y, Can A, Uysal M, Gurdol F. Effect of rosiglitazone on asymmetric dimethylarginine metabolism in thioacetamide-induced acute liver injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26224212 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, is metabolized in the liver by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). We aimed to investigate the effect of rosiglitazone, a peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist, on ADMA metabolism in acute liver injury. Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected thioacetamide (TAA; 500mgkg(-1)) intraperitoneally in order to induce acute liver injury. ADMA, SDMA and arginine levels were determined in plasma by the HPLC. Liver DDAH activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by spectrophotometric procedures. TAA injection caused marked increases in ALT and AST activities. Plasma ADMA levels were increased, while arginine levels and arginine/ADMA ratio were decreased. Liver DDAH activity was significantly diminished and MDA levels were elevated. In another group of animals which were treated with a PPAR-γ agonist (rosiglitazone, 5mgkg(-1)) daily via gastric intubation for a week prior to TAA injection, significant recoveries in DDAH activity and antioxidant status were observed when compared with solely TAA-injected animals. Rosiglitazone pretreatment improved the plasma arginine/ADMA ratio. Our findings indicated that PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone beneficially influenced hepatic metabolism of ADMA in TAA-induced acute liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seldag Bekpinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Vardagli
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yesim Unlucerci
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayten Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mujdat Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Gurdol
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Frenay ARS, van den Berg E, de Borst MH, Beckmann B, Tsikas D, Feelisch M, Navis G, Bakker SJL, van Goor H. Plasma ADMA associates with all-cause mortality in renal transplant recipients. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1941-9. [PMID: 26077715 PMCID: PMC4549386 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a key endogenous inhibitor of endothelial NO synthase that affects endothelial function, blood pressure and vascular remodeling. Increased plasma levels of ADMA are associated with worse outcome from cardiovascular disease. Due to endothelial dysfunction before and after kidney transplantation, renal transplant recipients (RTR) are at high risk for the alleged deleterious effects of ADMA. We investigated the associations of ADMA levels with all-cause mortality and graft failure in RTR. Plasma ADMA levels were determined in 686 stable outpatient RTR (57 % male, 53 ± 13 years), with a functioning graft for ≥1 year. Determinants of ADMA were evaluated with multivariate linear regression models. Associations between ADMA and mortality were assessed using multivariable Cox regression analyses. The strongest associations with plasma ADMA in the multivariable analyses were male gender, donor age, parathyroid hormone, NT-pro-BNP and use of calcium supplements. During a median follow-up of 3.1 [2.7–3.9] years, 79 (12 %) patients died and 45 (7 %) patients developed graft failure. ADMA was associated with increased all-cause mortality [HR 1.52 (95 % CI 1.26–1.83] per SD increase, P < 0.001], whereby associations remained upon adjustment for confounders. ADMA was associated with graft failure [HR 1.41 (1.08–1.83) per SD increase, P = 0.01]; however, upon addition of eGFR significance was lost. High levels of plasma ADMA are associated with increased mortality in RTR. Our findings connect disturbed NO metabolism with patient survival after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Roos S Frenay
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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May M, Kayacelebi AA, Batkai S, Jordan J, Tsikas D, Engeli S. Plasma and tissue homoarginine concentrations in healthy and obese humans. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1847-52. [PMID: 25655383 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increased cardiovascular risk associated with obesity cannot be fully explained by traditional risk markers. We therefore assessed plasma and interstitial concentrations of the novel cardiovascular risk biomarker homoarginine (hArg) in 18 individuals without signs of cardiovascular disease, including 4 morbidly obese subjects before and after bariatric surgery and subsequent weight reduction of 36 ± 7 kg. hArg concentrations were greater in skeletal muscle compared with adipose tissue. Plasma and tissue hArg concentrations did not correlate with BMI. Adipose tissue interstitial hArg concentrations were not affected by obesity, an oral glucose load, or dramatic weight loss. In conclusion, obesity seems not to have a major effect on hArg homeostasis, and hArg may not explain the added cardiovascular risk associated with obesity. Yet, given the small sample size of the study, the significance of hArg in obesity should be investigated in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus May
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany,
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23
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Symmetric dimethylarginine alters endothelial nitric oxide activity in glomerular endothelial cells. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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Plasma arginine/ADMA ratio as a sensitive risk marker for atherosclerosis: Shimane CoHRE study. Atherosclerosis 2014; 239:61-6. [PMID: 25576847 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which acts an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Arginine (Arg) may regulate vascular endothelial function, since Arg is the substrate of NO competing with ADMA. In our previous study, low Arg/ADMA ratio is an independent risk for microangiopathy-related cerebral damage. PURPOSE Here, we performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between the Arg/ADMA ratio and the maximal intima-media thickness (IMT) in the carotid artery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Participants were 785 community-dwelling Japanese people without any severe disorders. Plasma concentration of Arg and ADMA in fasting blood sample was determined using HPLC. IMT was measured in the bilateral carotid artery by ultrasonography. RESULTS Among quartiles stratified by the Arg/ADMA ratio, ANOVA showed a significant difference in IMT and the IMT in Q1 (the lowest quartile) was significantly higher than that in Q4 (the highest quartile). In multiple linear regression analysis, age, the male gender, lower BMI, the presence of hypertension and lower Arg/ADMA ratio were independently correlated with IMT, while IMT was not correlated with Arg or ADMA alone. In addition, the Arg/ADMA ratio was associated with IMT independent of age, sex, BMI and the presence of hypertension with odds ratio 0.21 (95%CI: 0.05-0.88) in multiple logistic regression analysis for IMT 1.5 mm or more. CONCLUSION Imbalance of Arg and ADMA is independently involved in the progression of atherosclerosis, and the Arg/ADMA ratio may be a sensitive marker for atherosclerosis.
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25
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Bal F, Bekpinar S, Unlucerci Y, Kusku-Kiraz Z, Önder S, Uysal M, Gurdol F. Antidiabetic drug metformin is effective on the metabolism of asymmetric dimethylarginine in experimental liver injury. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 106:295-302. [PMID: 25263501 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate the pharmacological efficiency of metformin on asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) metabolism in inflammation caused by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) treatment. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were injected LPS/D-GalN intraperitoneally. One half of the animals was injected metformin (250 mg kg(-1) body mass for one week) prior to LPS/D-GalN treatment. Six hours after the LPS/D-GalN injection, livers were removed, and used for the measurements of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, glutathione (GSH), ADMA and arginine levels. Liver tissues were examined histopathologically. The Kruskal-Wallis (posthoc Mann-Whitney U) test was used for the statistics. LPS/D-GalN injections caused liver injury as evidenced by the activities of aminotransferases and arginase. GSH level and DDAH activity were decreased in the liver. Metformin pretreatment alleviated the activity of serum enzymes, and attenuated histopathological lesions caused by LPS/D-GalN injections. LPS/D-GalN-induced inflammation, as confirmed by the increased MPO activity, created an asymmetrical distribution of arginine and ADMA between the tissue and plasma. Metformin decreased tissue ADMA level while it restored the DDAH activity and GSH. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that metformin administration for one week has a potency to protect liver through regulating ADMA metabolism in LPS/D-GalN-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Bal
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Capa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Seldag Bekpinar
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Capa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Yesim Unlucerci
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Capa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Kusku-Kiraz
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Capa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Semen Önder
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Capa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Mujdat Uysal
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Capa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Figen Gurdol
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Capa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey.
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26
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Andrade F, Llarena M, Lage S, Aldámiz-Echevarría L. Quantification of Arginine and its Methylated Derivatives in Healthy Children by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:787-92. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Brinkmann SJH, de Boer MC, Buijs N, van Leeuwen PAM. Asymmetric dimethylarginine and critical illness. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2014; 17:90-7. [PMID: 24281375 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an analog of arginine and functions as an endogenous inhibitor of the nitric oxide synthase, which forms nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is crucial for perfusion of vital organs and is an important signaling agent in the development of critical illness. The role of ADMA in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying critical illness is widely studied in the last decades, and recently it has become clear that ADMA should not be overlooked by clinicians working at the ICU. The aim of this review is to describe new insights into the role of ADMA in critical illness and its clinical relevance. RECENT FINDINGS High levels of ADMA are found in critically ill patients, because of higher levels of protein methylation, increased rate of protein turnover, decreased activity of dimethylamine dimethylaminohydrolase, and impaired renal and hepatic clearance capacity. These high levels are an independent risk factor for cardiac dysfunction, organ failure, and ICU mortality. The arginine : ADMA ratio in particular is of clinical importance and the restoration of this ratio is expedient to restore several functions that are disturbed during critical illness. SUMMARY Elevated ADMA levels occur in critically ill patients, which is detrimental for morbidity and mortality. The arginine : ADMA ratio should be restored to maintain nitric oxide production and therewith improve the clinical outcome of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia J H Brinkmann
- aDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery bDepartment of Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Franceschelli S, Ferrone A, Pesce M, Riccioni G, Speranza L. Biological functional relevance of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in cardiovascular disease. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:24412-21. [PMID: 24351825 PMCID: PMC3876119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141224412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that increased levels of the endogenous NO synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction. Studies in animal models as well as in humans have suggested that the increase in ADMA occurs at a time when vascular disease has not yet become clinically evident. ADMA competitively inhibits NO elaboration by displacing L-arginine from NO synthase. In a concentration-dependent manner, it thereby interferes not only with endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated vasodilation, but also with other biological functions exerted by NO. The upshot may be a pro-atherogenic state. Recently, several studies have investigated the effect of various therapeutical interventions on ADMA plasma concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. D’Annunzio-Chieti, Chieti 66100, Italy; E-Mails: (S.F.); (A.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. D’Annunzio-Chieti, Chieti 66100, Italy; E-Mails: (S.F.); (A.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. D’Annunzio-Chieti, Chieti 66100, Italy; E-Mails: (S.F.); (A.F.); (M.P.)
| | - Graziano Riccioni
- Intensive Cardiology Care Unit, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, San Severo (FG) 71016, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. D’Annunzio-Chieti, Chieti 66100, Italy; E-Mails: (S.F.); (A.F.); (M.P.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-871-355-4550; Fax: +39-871-355-4551
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Opposite associations of plasma homoarginine and ornithine with arginine in healthy children and adolescents. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21819-32. [PMID: 24192823 PMCID: PMC3856037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Homoarginine, a non-proteinogenic amino acid, is formed when lysine replaces ornithine in reactions catalyzed by hepatic urea cycle enzymes or lysine substitutes for glycine as a substrate of renal arginine:glycine amidinotransferase. Decreased circulating homoarginine and elevated ornithine, a downstream product of arginase, predict adverse cardiovascular outcome. Our aim was to investigate correlates of plasma homoarginine and ornithine and their relations with carotid vascular structure in 40 healthy children and adolescents aged 3–18 years without coexistent diseases or subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Homoarginine, ornithine, arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with stable isotope-labeled internal standards. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and extra-medial thickness (EMT) of common carotid arteries were estimated by B-mode ultrasound. Homoarginine correlated with arginine (r = 0.43, p = 0.005), age (r = 0.42, p = 0.007) and, weakly, with an increased arginine-to-ornithine ratio, a putative measure of lower arginase activity (r = 0.31, p = 0.048). Ornithine correlated inversely with arginine (r = −0.64, p < 0.001). IMT, EMT or their sum were unrelated to any of the biochemical parameters (p > 0.12). Thus, opposite associations of plasma homoarginine and ornithine with arginine may partially result from possible involvement of arginase, an enzyme controlling homoarginine degradation and ornithine synthesis from arginine. Age-dependency of homoarginine levels can reflect developmental changes in homoarginine metabolism. However, neither homoarginine nor ornithine appears to be associated with carotid vascular structure in healthy children and adolescents.
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30
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Bekpinar S, Develi-Is S, Unlucerci Y, Kusku-Kiraz Z, Uysal M, Gurdol F. Modulation of arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in liver and plasma by exogenous hydrogen sulfide in LPS-induced endotoxemia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:1071-5. [PMID: 24289078 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are known to be elevated under pathological conditions, but reports on intracellular ADMA levels are scarce. In this study, we investigated whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia alters the intra- and extra-cellular partition of l-arginine and ADMA. The effect of H2S pretreatment was also researched. Wistar rats were given sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS, 1 mg·(kg body mass)(-1)) one hour before the LPS injections (20 mg·kg(-1)). Six hours after the LPS treatment, the animals were sacrificed. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) activities and levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α were measured in the liver. ADMA and arginine levels were determined using HPLC. LPS injection caused liver injury, as evidenced by the activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and arginase. LPS increased l-arginine content and decreased DDAH activity in the rat liver. MPO activity and HIF-1α levels indicated inflammation and hypoxia. Despite the accumulation of ADMA in the plasma, the level remained unchanged in the liver. NaHS pretreatment restored both the DDAH activity and intracellular l-arginine levels. It is concluded that increased H2S generation has a potency to restore hepatic l-arginine levels and ADMA handling in endotoxemia. Extra- and intra-cellular partitions of ADMA seem to depend on transport proteins as well as the DDAH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seldag Bekpinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
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