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Funck D, Sinn M, Forlani G, Hartig JS. Guanidine production by plant homoarginine-6-hydroxylases. eLife 2024; 12:RP91458. [PMID: 38619227 PMCID: PMC11018352 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and biological functions of the nitrogen-rich compound guanidine have long been neglected. The discovery of four classes of guanidine-sensing riboswitches and two pathways for guanidine degradation in bacteria hint at widespread sources of unconjugated guanidine in nature. So far, only three enzymes from a narrow range of bacteria and fungi have been shown to produce guanidine, with the ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) as the most prominent example. Here, we show that a related class of Fe2+- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODD-C23) highly conserved among plants and algae catalyze the hydroxylation of homoarginine at the C6-position. Spontaneous decay of 6-hydroxyhomoarginine yields guanidine and 2-aminoadipate-6-semialdehyde. The latter can be reduced to pipecolate by pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase but more likely is oxidized to aminoadipate by aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH7B in vivo. Arabidopsis has three 2-ODD-C23 isoforms, among which Din11 is unusual because it also accepted arginine as substrate, which was not the case for the other 2-ODD-C23 isoforms from Arabidopsis or other plants. In contrast to EFE, none of the three Arabidopsis enzymes produced ethylene. Guanidine contents were typically between 10 and 20 nmol*(g fresh weight)-1 in Arabidopsis but increased to 100 or 300 nmol*(g fresh weight)-1 after homoarginine feeding or treatment with Din11-inducing methyljasmonate, respectively. In 2-ODD-C23 triple mutants, the guanidine content was strongly reduced, whereas it increased in overexpression plants. We discuss the implications of the finding of widespread guanidine-producing enzymes in photosynthetic eukaryotes as a so far underestimated branch of the bio-geochemical nitrogen cycle and propose possible functions of natural guanidine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Funck
- Department of Chemistry, University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Malte Sinn
- Department of Chemistry, University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Giuseppe Forlani
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Jörg S Hartig
- Department of Chemistry, University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
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2
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Wang L, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zheng G, Wang K, Wu Z, Zhang J, Jia W, Zhang G. Insufficiency of plasmatic arginine/ homoarginine during the initial postoperative phase among patients with tumors affecting the medulla oblongata heightens the likelihood of neurogenic pulmonary oedema following surgery. Int J Surg 2024; 110:1475-1483. [PMID: 38079589 PMCID: PMC10942246 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective clinical study aims to investigate the fluctuations of neurotransmitters in peripheral venous blood during the perioperative period and to identify independent predictors for postoperative neurogenic pulmonary oedema (NPE) in patients with medulla oblongata-involved tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral venous blood samples of the enroled patients at seven perioperative time points, as well as their medical records and radiologic data were collected. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to detect the concentrations of 39 neurotransmitters in these samples. The study applied univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression analyses to explore independent predictors of postoperative NPE, and one-way repeated-measures ANOVA to compare the concentrations of the same neurotransmitter at different perioperative time points. RESULTS The study included 36 patients with medulla oblongata-involved tumours from January to December 2019, and found that 13.9% of them experienced postoperative NPE. The absence of intraoperative use of sevoflurane ( P =0.008), decreased concentrations of arginine ( P =0.026) and homoarginine ( P =0.030), and prolonged postoperative tracheal extubation ( P <0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative NPE in medulla oblongata-involved tumour patients. Pairwise comparison analysis revealed that the perioperative decreases in arginine and homoarginine concentrations mainly occurred within the postoperative 8 h. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that NPE is not uncommon in patients with medulla oblongata-involved tumours. The absence of intraoperative use of sevoflurane, decreased concentrations of plasmatic arginine and homoarginine, and prolonged postoperative tracheal extubation are independent predictors of postoperative NPE. These two neurotransmitters' concentrations dropped mainly within the early postoperative hours and could serve as potential early warning indicators of postoperative NPE in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Laboratory Diagnosis Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Büttner P, Werner S, Böttner J, Ossmann S, Schwedhelm E, Thiele H. Systemic Effects of Homoarginine Supplementation on Arginine Metabolizing Enzymes in Rats with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14782. [PMID: 37834229 PMCID: PMC10572665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A restoration of low homoarginine (hArg) levels in obese ZSF1 rats (O-ZSF1) before (S1-ZSF1) and after (S2-ZSF1) the manifestation of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) did not affect the worsening of cardiac HFpEF characteristics. Here, potential regulation of key enzymes of arginine metabolism in other organs was analyzed. Arginase 2 (ARG2) was reduced >35% in the kidney and small intestine of hArg-supplemented rats compared to O-ZSF1. Glycine amidinotransferase (GATM) was 29% upregulated in the kidneys of S1-ZSF1. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) levels were reduced >50% in the livers of O-ZSF1 but restored in S2-ZSF1 compared to healthy rats (L-ZSF1). In the skeletal muscle, iNOS was lower in O-ZSF1 and further decreased in S1-ZSF1 and S2-ZSF1 compared to L-ZSF1. iNOS levels were lower in the liver of the S2-ZSF1 group but higher in the kidneys of S1-ZSF1 compared to L-ZSF1. Supplementation with hArg in an in vivo HFpEF model resulted in the inhibition of renal ARG2 and an increase in GATM expression. This supplementation might contribute to the stabilization of intestinal iNOS and ARG2 imbalances, thereby enhancing barrier function. Additionally, it may offer protective effects in skeletal muscle by downregulating iNOS. In the conceptualization of hArg supplementation studies, the current disease progression stage as well as organ-specific enzyme regulation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Büttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Werner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Böttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Ossmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
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Schwieren L, Jensen M, Schulz R, Lezius S, Laxy E, Milatz M, Thomalla G, Böger R, Gerloff C, Magnus T, Schwedhelm E, Choe CU. Homoarginine Associates with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Atrial Fibrillation and Predicts Adverse Events after Stroke. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1590. [PMID: 37511965 PMCID: PMC10381763 DOI: 10.3390/life13071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Homoarginine is associated with cardio- and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying pathomechanisms remain elusive. Here, we evaluated the association of homoarginine with adverse events (i.e., death, stroke, and myocardial infarction) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in stroke patients. In the prospective bioMARKers in STROKE (MARK-STROKE) cohort, patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were enrolled. Plasma homoarginine concentrations were analyzed and associated with clinical phenotypes in cross-sectional (374 patients) and prospective (273 patients) analyses. Adjustments for possible confounders were evaluated. A two-fold increase in homoarginine was inversely associated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission, cIMT, and prevalent atrial fibrillation (mean factor -0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI): -1.30, -0.07], -0.14 [95% CI: -0.22, -0.05]; and odds ratio 0.57 [95% CI: 0.33, 0.96], respectively). During the follow-up (median 284 [25th, 75th percentile: 198, 431] days), individuals with homoarginine levels in the highest tertile had fewer incident events compared with patients in the lowest homoarginine tertile independent of traditional risk factors (hazard ratio 0.22 [95% CI: 0.08, 0.63]). A lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation and a reduced cIMT pinpointed potential underlying pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schwieren
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Märit Jensen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Schulz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Lezius
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Laxy
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Magalie Milatz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.) Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chi-Un Choe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Koch V, Gruenewald LD, Gruber-Rouh T, Eichler K, Leistner DM, Mahmoudi S, Booz C, Bernatz S, D'Angelo T, Albrecht MH, Alizadeh LS, Nour-Eldin NEA, Scholtz JE, Yel I, Vogl TJ, März W, Hardt SE, Martin SS. Homoarginine in the cardiovascular system: Pathophysiology and recent developments. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 37:519-529. [PMID: 36509694 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Upcoming experimental and epidemiological data have identified the endogenous non-proteinogenic amino acid L-homoarginine (L-hArg) not only as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular disease but also as being directly involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction. The association of low L-hArg levels with adverse cardiovascular events and mortality has proposed the idea of nutritional supplementation to rescue pathways inversely associated with cardiovascular health. Subsequent clinical and experimental studies contributed significantly to our knowledge of potential effects on the cardiorenal axis, acting either as a biomarker or a cardiovascular active agent. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive summary of the L-hArg metabolism, pathophysiological aspects, and current developments in the field of experimental and clinical evidence in favor of protective cardiovascular effects. Establishing a reliable biomarker to identify patients at high risk to die of cardiovascular disease represents one of the main goals for tackling this disease and providing individual therapeutic guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Koch
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Katrin Eichler
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David M Leistner
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Christian Booz
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon Bernatz
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tommaso D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Leona S Alizadeh
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Erik Scholtz
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Yel
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan E Hardt
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon S Martin
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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6
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Ng ML, Kuan WS, Pakkiri LS, Goh ECH, Wu LH, Drum CL. Deep phenotyping of oxidative stress in emergency room patients reveals homoarginine as a novel predictor of sepsis severity, length of hospital stay, and length of intensive care unit stay. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1033083. [PMID: 36507541 PMCID: PMC9733670 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1033083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to determine primary markers of oxidative stress (OS) in ED patients which predict hospital length of stay (LoS), intensive care unit (ICU) LoS, and sepsis severity. Materials and methods This prospective, single center observational study was conducted in adult patients recruited from the ED who were diagnosed with either sepsis, infection without sepsis, or non-infectious, age-matched controls. 290 patients were admitted to the hospital and 24 patients had direct admission to the ICU. A panel of 269 OS and related metabolic markers were profiled for each cohort. Clinical outcomes were direct ICU admission, hospital LoS, ICU LoS, and post-hoc, adjudicated sepsis severity scoring. Bonferroni correction was used for pairwise comparisons. Principal component regression was used for dimensionality reduction and selection of plasma metabolites associated with sepsis. Multivariable negative binomial regression was applied to predict admission, hospital, and ICU LoS. Results Homoarginine (hArg) was the top discriminator of sepsis severity [sepsis vs. control: ROC-AUC = 0.86 (95% CI 0.81-0.91)], [sepsis vs. infection: ROC-AUC = 0.73 (95% CI 0.68-0.78)]. The 25th percentile of hArg [odds ratio (OR) = 8.57 (95% CI 1.05-70.06)] was associated with hospital LoS [IRR = 2.54 (95% CI 1.83-3.52)] and ICU LOS [IRR = 18.73 (95% CI 4.32-81.27)]. In prediction of outcomes, hArg had superior performance compared to arginine (Arg) [hArg ROC-AUC = 0.77 (95% CI 0.67-0.88) vs. Arg ROC-AUC = 0.66 (95% CI 0.55-0.78)], and dimethylarginines [SDMA ROC-AUC 0.68 (95% CI 0.55-0.79) and ADMA ROC-AUC = 0.68 (95% CI 0.56-0.79)]. Ratio of hArg and Arg/NO metabolic markers and creatinine clearance provided modest improvements in clinical prediction. Conclusion Homoarginine is associated with sepsis severity and predicts hospital and ICU LoS, making it a useful biomarker in guiding treatment decisions for ED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Win Sen Kuan
- Emergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Eugene Chen Howe Goh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lik Hang Wu
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chester Lee Drum
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Chester Lee Drum,
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7
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Nitz K, Lacy M, Bianchini M, Wichapong K, Kücükgöze IA, Bonfiglio CA, Migheli R, Wu Y, Burger C, Li Y, Forné I, Ammar C, Janjic A, Mohanta S, Duchene J, Heemskerk JWM, Megens RTA, Schwedhelm E, Huveneers S, Lygate CA, Santovito D, Zimmer R, Imhof A, Weber C, Lutgens E, Atzler D. The Amino Acid Homoarginine Inhibits Atherogenesis by Modulating T-Cell Function. Circ Res 2022; 131:701-712. [PMID: 36102188 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acid metabolism is crucial for inflammatory processes during atherogenesis. The endogenous amino acid homoarginine is a robust biomarker for cardiovascular outcome and mortality with high levels being protective. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated the effect of homoarginine supplementation on atherosclerotic plaque development with a particular focus on inflammation. METHODS Female ApoE-deficient mice were supplemented with homoarginine (14 mg/L) in drinking water starting 2 weeks before and continuing throughout a 6-week period of Western-type diet feeding. Control mice received normal drinking water. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used for plaque- and immunological phenotyping. T cells were characterized using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, by functional in vitro approaches, for example, proliferation and migration/chemotaxis assays as well as by super-resolution microscopy. RESULTS Homoarginine supplementation led to a 2-fold increase in circulating homoarginine concentrations. Homoarginine-treated mice exhibited reduced atherosclerosis in the aortic root and brachiocephalic trunk. A substantial decrease in CD3+ T cells in the atherosclerotic lesions suggested a T-cell-related effect of homoarginine supplementation, which was mainly attributed to CD4+ T cells. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells were not affected. CD4+ T-cell proteomics and subsequent pathway analysis together with in vitro studies demonstrated that homoarginine profoundly modulated the spatial organization of the T-cell actin cytoskeleton and increased filopodia formation via inhibition of Myh9 (myosin heavy chain 9). Further mechanistic studies revealed an inhibition of T-cell proliferation as well as a striking impairment of the migratory capacities of T cells in response to relevant chemokines by homoarginine, all of which likely contribute to its atheroprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS Our study unravels a novel mechanism by which the amino acid homoarginine reduces atherosclerosis, establishing that homoarginine modulates the T-cell cytoskeleton and thereby mitigates T-cell functions important during atherogenesis. These findings provide a molecular explanation for the beneficial effects of homoarginine in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Nitz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., C.A.B., J.D., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.)
| | - Michael Lacy
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., C.A.B., J.D., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.).,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (M.L.)
| | - Mariaelvy Bianchini
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (K.W., J.W.M.H., C.W.)
| | - Irem Avcilar Kücükgöze
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Cecilia A Bonfiglio
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., C.A.B., J.D., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.)
| | - Roberta Migheli
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuting Wu
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Burger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Ignasi Forné
- Biomedical Center Munich, Department of Molecular Biology (I.F., A.I.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Constantin Ammar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics (C.A., R.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Janjic
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Department of Biology II (A.J.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarajo Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Duchene
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., C.A.B., J.D., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.)
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (K.W., J.W.M.H., C.W.)
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (R.T.A.M.)
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (E.S.).,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (E.S.)
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, the Netherlands (S.H.)
| | - Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (C.A.L.)
| | - Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., C.A.B., J.D., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.)
| | - Ralf Zimmer
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics (C.A., R.Z.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Imhof
- Biomedical Center Munich, Department of Molecular Biology (I.F., A.I.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., C.A.B., J.D., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.).,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (M.L.)
| | - Esther Lutgens
- DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., C.A.B., J.D., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.).,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Immunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (E.L.)
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (K.N., M.L., M.B., I.A.K., C.A.B., R.M., Y.W., C.B., Y.L., S.M., J.D., R.T.A.M., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (K.N., M.L., C.A.B., J.D., D.S., C.W., E.L., D.A.)
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8
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Tsikas D, Maassen N, Thorns A, Finkel A, Lützow M, Röhrig MA, Blau LS, Dimina L, Mariotti F, Beckmann B, Shushakov V, Jantz M. Short-Term Supplementation of Sodium Nitrate vs. Sodium Chloride Increases Homoarginine Synthesis in Young Men Independent of Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36142560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of short-term oral administration of inorganic nitrate (NaNO3; n = 8) or placebo (NaCl; n = 9) (each 0.1 mmol/kg body weight/d for 9 days) on plasma amino acids, creatinine, and oxidative stress in healthy young men. At baseline, the plasma concentrations of amino acids did not differ between the groups. At the end of the study, the plasma concentrations of homoarginine (hArg; by 24%, p = 0.0001), citrulline and ornithine (Cit/Orn; by 16%, p = 0.015), and glutamine/glutamate (Gln/Glu; by 6%, p = 0.0003) were higher in the NaNO3 group compared to the NaCl group. The plasma concentrations of sarcosine (Sarc; by 28%, p < 0.0001), tyrosine (by 14%, p = 0.0051), phenylalanine (by 8%, p = 0.0026), and tryptophan (by 8%, p = 0.0047) were lower in the NaNO3 group compared to the NaCl group. These results suggest that nitrate administration affects amino-acid metabolism. The arginine/glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) catalyzes two reactions: (1) the formation of l-homoarginine (hArg) and l-ornithine (Orn) from l-arginine (Arg) and l-lysine (Lys): Arg + Lys <−> hArg + Orn, with equilibrium constant Kharg; (2) the formation of guanidinoacetate (GAA) and Orn from Arg and glycine (Gly): Arg + Gly <−> GAA + Orn, with equilibrium constant Kgaa. The plasma Kgaa/KhArg ratio was lower in the NaNO3 group compared to the NaCl group (1.57 vs. 2.02, p = 0.0034). Our study suggests that supplementation of inorganic nitrate increases the AGAT-catalyzed synthesis of hArg and decreases the N-methyltransferase-catalyzed synthesis of GAA, the precursor of creatine. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate elevation of hArg synthesis by inorganic nitrate supplementation. Remarkably, an increase of 24% corresponds to the synthesis capacity of one kidney in healthy humans. Differences in the association between plasma concentrations of amino acids in the NaNO3 and NaCl groups suggest changes in amino-acid homeostasis. Plasma concentrations of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) did not change after supplementation of NaNO3 or NaCl over the whole exercise time range. Plasma nitrite concentration turned out to be a more discriminant marker of NaNO3 ingestion than plasma nitrate (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.951 vs. 0.866, p < 0.0001 each).
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9
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Lygate CA, Lake HA, McAndrew DJ, Neubauer S, Zervou S. Influence of homoarginine on creatine accumulation and biosynthesis in the mouse. Front Nutr 2022; 9:969702. [PMID: 36017222 PMCID: PMC9395972 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.969702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms obtain creatine from their diet or by de novo synthesis via AGAT (L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase) and GAMT (Guanidinoacetate N-methyltrasferase) in kidney and liver, respectively. AGAT also synthesizes homoarginine (hArg), low levels of which predict poor outcomes in human cardiovascular disease, while supplementation maintains contractility in murine heart failure. However, the expression pattern of AGAT has not been systematically studied in mouse tissues and nothing is known about potential feedback interactions between creatine and hArg. Herein, we show that C57BL/6J mice express AGAT and GAMT in kidney and liver respectively, whereas pancreas was the only organ to express appreciable levels of both enzymes, but no detectable transmembrane creatine transporter (Slc6A8). In contrast, kidney, left ventricle (LV), skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue must rely on creatine transporter for uptake, since biosynthetic enzymes are not expressed. The effects of creatine and hArg supplementation were then tested in wild-type and AGAT knockout mice. Homoarginine did not alter creatine accumulation in plasma, LV or kidney, whereas in pancreas from AGAT KO, the addition of hArg resulted in higher levels of tissue creatine than creatine-supplementation alone (P < 0.05). AGAT protein expression in kidney was downregulated by creatine supplementation (P < 0.05), consistent with previous reports of end-product repression. For the first time, we show that hArg supplementation causes a similar down-regulation of AGAT protein (P < 0.05). These effects on AGAT were absent in the pancreas, suggesting organ specific mechanisms of regulation. These findings highlight the potential for interactions between creatine and hArg that may have implications for the use of dietary supplements and other therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah A Lake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Debra J McAndrew
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sevasti Zervou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Zhloba AA, Subbotina TF. Homoarginine test for evaluation of metabolic renal dysfunction. Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:709-717. [PMID: 35020282 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-12-709-717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Low plasma L-homoarginine (hArg) concentration is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and overall mortality, as well as the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The enzyme L-arginine:glycinamidinotransferase (AGAT, EC 2.1.4.1) acts in the mitochondrial membrane of the renal tubular epithelium, forming the precursor of creatine, guanidinoacetic acid, and additionnaly by-product hArg. As it was shown recently, there is a decreased level of hArg in the late stages of CKD, however, the the level of hArg in the early stages of CKD remained unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic threshold levels of hArg in the blood of patients with stages 1 and 2 of CKD. In patients with the initial stages of CKD (n = 44) at the age of 58 (45-67) years, compared with the group of donors of 55 (42-58) years (n = 30), a significant decrease of hArg level was found. In the subgroup with stage CKD 2, the cut-off point of 1.59 μM threshold was characterized by greater sensitivity and specificity than in the subgroup with stage CKD 1 with 1.66 μM threshold level of hArg. For the full group, the hArg cut-off threshold was 1.60 μM, which is about to 0.2 μM lower than the lower limit of the reference interval for healthy individuals. It can be assumed that even before the formation of symptoms of proteinuria and albuminuria, a significant part of individuals from population cohort develops a state of decreased AGAT activity, since the expression of this enzyme is associated with a certain regulatory feedback inhibition at the body level. As a result of the study, it can be noted that in patients with early stages of CKD in the age group 45-67 years, there is a disturbance of the kidneys metabolic function. These metabolic changes can be detected by testing the level of hArg.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Zhloba
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia
| | - T F Subbotina
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia
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11
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Hannemann J, Cordts K, Seniuk A, Choe CU, Schmidt-Hutten L, Duque Escobar J, Weinberger F, Böger R, Schwedhelm E. Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase Is Essential for Creatine Supply in Mice During Chronic Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2021; 12:703069. [PMID: 34483959 PMCID: PMC8416470 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.703069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chronic hypoxia induces pulmonary and cardiovascular pathologies, including pulmonary hypertension (PH). L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) is essential for homoarginine (hArg) and guanidinoacetate synthesis, the latter being converted to creatine by guanidinoacetate methyltransferase. Low hArg concentrations are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and predict mortality in patients with PH. We therefore aimed to investigate the survival and cardiac outcome of AGAT knockout (Agat−/−) mice under hypoxia and a possible rescue of the phenotype. Methods:Agat−/− mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were subjected to normoxia or normobaric hypoxia (10% oxygen) for 4 weeks. A subgroup of Agat−/− mice was supplemented with 1% creatine from weaning. Survival, hematocrit, blood lactate and glucose, heart weight-to-tibia length (HW/TL) ratio, hArg plasma concentration, and Agat and Gamt expression in lung, liver, and kidneys were evaluated. Results: After 6 h of hypoxia, blood lactate was lower in Agat−/−-mice as compared to normoxia (p < 0.001). Agat−/− mice died within 2 days of hypoxia, whereas Agat−/− mice supplemented with creatine and WT mice survived until the end of the study. In WT mice, hematocrit (74 ± 4 vs. 55 ± 2%, mean ± SD, p < 0.001) and HW/TL (9.9 ± 1.3 vs. 7.3 ± 0.7 mg/mm, p < 0.01) were higher in hypoxia, while hArg plasma concentration (0.25 ± 0.06 vs. 0.38 ± 0.12 μmol/L, p < 0.01) was lower. Agat and Gamt expressions were differentially downregulated by hypoxia in lung, liver, and kidneys. Conclusion:Agat and Gamt are downregulated in hypoxia. Agat−/− mice are nonviable in hypoxia. Creatine rescues the lethal phenotype, but it does not reduce right ventricular hypertrophy of Agat−/− mice in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Cordts
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anika Seniuk
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chi-Un Choe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Schmidt-Hutten
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jorge Duque Escobar
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weinberger
- Insitute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and Its Health Sequelae, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Wetzel MD, Stanley K, Maity S, Madesh M, Bopassa JC, Awad AS. Homoarginine ameliorates diabetic nephropathy independent of nitric oxide synthase-3. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14766. [PMID: 33713581 PMCID: PMC7955794 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently we showed that homoarginine supplementation confers kidney protection in diabetic mouse models. In this study we tested whether the protective effect of homoarginine is nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3)-independent in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Experiments were conducted in NOS3 deficient (NOS3-/- ) mice and their wild type littermate using multiple low doses of vehicle or streptozotocin and treated with homoarginine via drinking water for 24 weeks. Homoarginine supplementation for 24 weeks in diabetic NOS3-/- mice significantly attenuated albuminuria, increased blood urea nitrogen, histopathological changes and kidney fibrosis, kidney fibrotic markers, and kidney macrophage recruitment compared with vehicle-treated diabetic NOS3-/- mice. Furthermore, homoarginine supplementation restored kidney mitochondrial function following diabetes. Importantly, there were no significant changes in kidney NOS1 or NOS2 mRNA expression between all groups. In addition, homoarginine supplementation improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis following diabetes. These data demonstrate that the protective effect of homoarginine is independent of NOS3, which will ultimately change our understanding of the mechanism(s) by which homoarginine induce renal and cardiac protection in DN. Homoarginine protective effect in DN could be mediated via improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Wetzel
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Kristen Stanley
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Soumya Maity
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Jean C. Bopassa
- Department of Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Alaa S. Awad
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
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Malle O, Trummer C, Theiler-Schwetz V, Meinitzer A, Keppel MH, Grübler MR, Tomaschitz A, Voelkl J, März W, Pilz S. NO Synthesis Markers are Not Significantly Associated with Blood Pressure and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Arterial Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3895. [PMID: 33266290 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis markers, comprising L-homoarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), are significantly associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Being involved in NO pathways, they may be of high importance regulating vascular tone and arterial hypertension, but data on this topic are sparse and controversial. In this study, we evaluated whether these NO synthesis markers are associated with blood pressure values and pulse wave velocity (PWV). This analysis was based on the data of the Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial, which included adults with arterial hypertension. We analyzed correlations of NO synthesis markers with 24 h ambulatory blood pressure values and PWV (primary outcomes), as well as with anthropometric and laboratory data. A total of 509 patients were included in the present analysis. The mean age was 61.2 ± 10.5 years, mean PWV was 8.6 ± 2.4 m/s, mean 24 h systolic blood pressure was 127.5 ± 13.8 mmHg and mean 24 h diastolic blood pressure was 76.4 ± 9.5 mmHg. In bivariate analyses, there was a significant positive correlation between homoarginine and 24 h diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.1; p = 0.02), which was revealed to be no longer significant after adjustment for age, gender and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in multivariate regression analysis. No other significant correlations of any NO synthesis markers with blood pressure or PWV were observed. In line with previous studies, there were inverse associations between homoarginine and age and between ADMA or SDMA and GFR (p < 0.05 for all). This study did not reveal a significant association between homoarginine, ADMA or SDMA and blood pressure or PWV in hypertensive adults. These results suggested that the associations of these parameters with adverse outcome may not be mediated by hypertension and/or endothelial dysfunction.
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14
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Bryzek D, Golda A, Budziaszek J, Kowalczyk D, Wong A, Bielecka E, Shakamuri P, Svoboda P, Pohl J, Potempa J, Koziel J. Citrullination-Resistant LL-37 Is a Potent Antimicrobial Agent in the Inflammatory Environment High in Arginine Deiminase Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9126. [PMID: 33266231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LL-37, the only member of the mammalian cathelicidin in humans, plays an essential role in innate immunity by killing pathogens and regulating the inflammatory response. However, at an inflammatory focus, arginine residues in LL-37 can be converted to citrulline via a reaction catalyzed by peptidyl-arginine deiminases (PAD2 and PAD4), which are expressed in neutrophils and are highly active during the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Citrullination impairs the bactericidal activity of LL-37 and abrogates its immunomodulatory functions. Therefore, we hypothesized that citrullination-resistant LL-37 variants would retain the functionality of the native peptide in the presence of PADs. To test this hypothesis, we synthetized LL-37 in which arginine residues were substituted by homoarginine (hArg-LL-37). Bactericidal activity of hArg-LL-37 was comparable with that of native LL-37, but neither treatment with PAD4 nor exposure to NETs affected the antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities of hArg-LL-37. Importantly, the susceptibilities of LL-37 and hArg-LL-37 to degradation by proteases did not significantly differ. Collectively, we demonstrated that citrullination-resistant hArg-LL-37 is an attractive lead compound for the generation of new agents to treat bacterial infections and other inflammatory diseases associated with enhanced PAD activity. Moreover, our results provide a proof-of-concept for synthesis of therapeutic peptides using homoarginine.
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15
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Abstract
According to current data, a low level of folic acid (FA) contributes to the progression of arterial hypertension (AH), affecting the metabolism of cells that are involved in the vascular tone regulation, such as hypothalamic astrocytes of nervous tissue. It is also known that the level of FA in the nervous tissue and cerebrospinal fluid is 2-3 times higher than in plasma. There is another metabolic marker of cardiovascular diseases, the level of plasma homoarginine (hArg). The decrease in the level of plasma hArg is also known as a diagnostic sign. In our study, we established that in patients with AH (n = 60), the level of hArg was almost 2 times lower than in healthy individuals, and in 75% of cases the rate was below 1.80 μM. The insufficiency of FA taking into account its low level in plasma FA, as well as the level of total homocysteine (tHcy) higher than 10.9 μM, was observed in 78% of patients. HArg levels at values less than 1.80 μM corresponded to a statistically significant decrease in FA when its content was less than 13.5 nM. This relationship (r = 0.63, p = 0.020) appears in patients with AH, regardless of the number and severity of target organ damage (TOD). FA and hArg as metabolic markers exhibit various diagnostic capabilities when comparing subgroups of patients without TOD and with multiple TOD. Significant differences fared at an acceptable level (p = 0.007) only for the hArg levels, while for the FA concentrations there was only a trend to decrease. It is possible that metabolic disturbances in the central nervous system that are associated with the necessary to maintain high FA concentration contribute to the development of hypertensive status. The causal relationship of a parallel decrease in hArg and FA levels in patients with AH requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Zhloba
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia, 197022, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - T F Subbotina
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia, 197022, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Schwedhelm E, Song RJ, Vasan RS, van den Heuvel ER, Hannemann J, Xanthakis V, Böger R. Association of Lower Plasma Homoarginine Concentrations with Greater Risk of All-Cause Mortality in the Community: The Framingham Offspring Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2016. [PMID: 32604958 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9062016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower circulating homoarginine concentrations have been associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assayed plasma homoarginine concentrations in 3331 Framingham Offspring Study participants attending examination cycle six (mean age 58.6 years, 53% women). We evaluated correlates of plasma homoarginine and related homoarginine to incident CVD and death. We also classified participants as having higher (upper quartile) versus lower (lower three quartiles) homoarginine and previously assayed asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations, and created cross-classification groups. We observed 630 incident CVD events and 940 deaths during a median follow-up of 18 years. In multivariable regression analysis, homoarginine was associated positively with male sex, body mass index, anti-hypertensive medication use and systolic blood pressure, but inversely with age and smoking. Higher homoarginine levels were associated with a lower mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) per SD increment, 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.93) adjusting for standard CVD risk factors, and ADMA. Among the cross-classification groups, participants with higher homoarginine and lower ADMA had a lower mortality risk (HR, 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67–0.98) compared to those with low levels of both. Further studies are needed to dissect the mechanisms of the association of homoarginine and mortality over decades in the community.
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17
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Jensen M, Müller C, Schwedhelm E, Arunachalam P, Gelderblom M, Magnus T, Gerloff C, Zeller T, Choe CU. Homoarginine- and Creatine-Dependent Gene Regulation in Murine Brains with l-Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051865. [PMID: 32182846 PMCID: PMC7084559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) and its metabolites homoarginine (hArg) and creatine have been linked to stroke pathology in both human and mouse studies. However, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism is lacking. To investigate transcriptional changes in cerebral AGAT metabolism, we applied a transcriptome analysis in brains of wild-type (WT) mice compared to untreated AGAT-deficient (AGAT−/−) mice and AGAT−/− mice with creatine or hArg supplementation. We identified significantly regulated genes between AGAT−/− and WT mice in two independent cohorts of mice which can be linked to amino acid metabolism (Ivd, Lcmt2), creatine metabolism (Slc6a8), cerebral myelination (Bcas1) and neuronal excitability (Kcnip3). While Ivd and Kcnip3 showed regulation by hArg supplementation, Bcas1 and Slc6a8 were creatine dependent. Additional regulated genes such as Pla2g4e and Exd1 need further evaluation of their influence on cerebral function. Experimental stroke models showed a significant regulation of Bcas1 and Slc6a8. Together, these results reveal that AGAT deficiency, hArg and creatine regulate gene expression in the brain, which may be critical in stroke pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Märit Jensen
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Müller
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Priyadharshini Arunachalam
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, Clinic for Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.J.); (C.M.); (T.Z.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Chi-un Choe
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (P.A.); (M.G.); (T.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-7410-53770
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18
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Grosse GM, Schwedhelm E, Worthmann H, Choe CU. Arginine Derivatives in Cerebrovascular Diseases: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051798. [PMID: 32150996 PMCID: PMC7084464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The amino acid L-arginine serves as substrate for the nitric oxide synthase which is crucial in vascular function and disease. Derivatives of arginine, such as asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), are regarded as markers of endothelial dysfunction and have been implicated in vascular disorders. While there is a variety of studies consolidating ADMA as biomarker of cerebrovascular risk, morbidity and mortality, SDMA is currently emerging as an interesting metabolite with distinct characteristics in ischemic stroke. In contrast to dimethylarginines, homoarginine is inversely associated with adverse events and mortality in cerebrovascular diseases and might constitute a modifiable protective risk factor. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence for the pathophysiological role of arginine derivatives in cerebrovascular ischemic diseases. We discuss the complex mechanisms of arginine metabolism in health and disease and its potential clinical implications in diverse aspects of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit M. Grosse
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20249 Hamburg, Germany;
- DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20249 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Worthmann
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Chi-un Choe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20249 Hamburg, Germany;
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19
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Karetnikova ES, Jarzebska N, Markov AG, Weiss N, Lentz SR, Rodionov RN. Is Homoarginine a Protective Cardiovascular Risk Factor? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:869-875. [PMID: 30866658 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of recent epidemiological studies have implicated the endogenous nonproteinogenic amino acid l-homoarginine as a novel candidate cardiovascular risk factor. The association between homoarginine levels and the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes is inverse (ie, high cardiovascular risk is predicted by low rather than high homoarginine levels), which makes it plausible to normalize systemic homoarginine levels via oral supplementation. The emergence of homoarginine as a potentially treatable protective cardiovascular risk factor has generated a wave of hope in the field of cardiovascular prevention. Herein, we review the biochemistry, physiology, and metabolism of homoarginine, summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the epidemiological evidence linking homoarginine to cardiovascular disease and its potential protective cardiovascular effects, and identify priorities for future research needed to define the clinical utility of homoarginine as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Karetnikova
- From the Department of Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia (E.S.K., A.G.M.)
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (N.J., N.W., R.N.R.)
| | - Alexander G Markov
- From the Department of Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia (E.S.K., A.G.M.)
| | - Norbert Weiss
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (N.J., N.W., R.N.R.)
| | - Steven R Lentz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (S.R.L.)
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (N.J., N.W., R.N.R.).,Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia (R.N.R.)
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20
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Mangoni AA, Rodionov RN, McEvoy M, Zinellu A, Carru C, Sotgia S. New horizons in arginine metabolism, ageing and chronic disease states. Age Ageing 2019; 48:776-782. [PMID: 31268522 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The elucidation of the metabolic pathways of the amino acid arginine and their role in health and disease have been an intensive focus of basic and clinical research for over a century. The recent advent of robust analytical techniques for biomarker assessment in large population cohorts has allowed the investigation of the pathophysiological role of specific arginine metabolites in key chronic disease states in old age, particularly those characterised by a reduced synthesis of endothelial nitric oxide, with consequent vascular disease and atherosclerosis. Two arginine metabolites have been increasingly studied in regard to their potential role in risk stratification and in the identification of novel therapeutic targets: the methylated arginine asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the arginine analogue homoarginine. Higher circulating concentrations of ADMA, a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, have been shown to predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes. By contrast, there is emerging evidence that homoarginine might exert cardioprotective effects. This review highlights recent advances in the biological and clinical role of ADMA and homoarginine in cardiovascular disease and other emerging fields, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, and depression. It also discusses opportunities for future research directions with the ultimate goal of translating knowledge of arginine metabolism, and its role in health and disease, into the clinical care of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- University Centre for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Quality Control Unit, University Hospital of Sassari (AOU-SS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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21
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Zhloba AA, Subbotina TF, Molchan NS, Polushin YS. [ Homoarginine level and methionine-homocysteine balance in patients with ischemic heart disease.]. Klin Lab Diagn 2019; 64:516-524. [PMID: 31610102 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-9-516-524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The level of homoarginine (hArg) in terms of prognostic significance may exceed the natriuretic peptides and other well-known markers according to the latest data about the progression of cardiovascular diseases. The lack of data on the association of hArg levels with levels of other metabolites makes it difficult to understand its role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Relationships of hArg and other amino acids, including methionine (Met) and total homocysteine (tHcy), and their ratio in patients with ischemic heart disease were evaluated. The study included 74 patients with coronary heart disease (57 men and 17 women) aged 62 (57 - 67) years before coronary artery bypass surgery and 27 healthy people of similar age. In patients, the level of hArg was almost 2 times lower (p < 0.05) than in healthy individuals and rates lower than 1.4 μM were in half of them. The statistically significant decrease (p = 0.0025) of the Met/tHcy ratio corresponded to a decrease in the level of hArg. This ratio did not correlate with glucose level or body mass index. Less statistical significance of hArg correlation with levels of Met or tHcy separately was observed. In the subgroup of patients with hAarg level above 2.1 μM, a lower incidence of myocardial infarction was noted. Thus, a low hArg level is associated with impaired metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids involved in transmethylation reactions, in patients with ischemic heart disease. The Met/tHcy ratio, closely correlating with the level of hArg, apparently reveals a link between the reactions of creatine formation and transmethylation, highlighting a cohort of patients with the most profound and dangerous changes in tissue metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Zhloba
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Eduction "The Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University" of Minzdrav of Russia, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T F Subbotina
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Eduction "The Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University" of Minzdrav of Russia, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Molchan
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Eduction "The Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University" of Minzdrav of Russia, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yu S Polushin
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Eduction "The Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University" of Minzdrav of Russia, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
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22
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Zhloba AA, Subbotina TF, Molchan NS, Polushin YS. [The level of circulating humanin in patients with ischemic heart disease.]. Klin Lab Diagn 2019; 63:466-470. [PMID: 30726649 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2018-63-8-466-470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
At present, great interest is caused with evaluation of new markers in blood circulation for the estimation a tissue oxidative metabolism disturbance due to the presence of secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease. Сoronary heart disease is generally accompanied with a decline in mitochondrial respiration and represents the root cause of metabolic abnormalities in tissues. To gain insight into rate of decline of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in tissues there were proposed humanin as a new marker. The content of humanin in compare with other markers of energy metabolism in 59 patients with coronary heart disease was studied. In the examined patients, a decrease in the level of humanin up to 250 ng/l was observed when compared with its level of 1110 (800 to 1500) ng/l in healthy individuals. In most of the patients increased level of lactic acid from 1.0 to 2.2 mM accompanied in 45 % cases with elevation of pyruvic acid concentration above 99.1 μM was observed. Also, it was found a significant decrease of homoarginine level down to 1.40 (1.0-2.0) versus 2.3 (1.8-3.1) μM in healthy individuals. We found an inverse correlation between the level of humanin and the age of patients (R = -0.35, p = 0.048). It can be concluded that patients with coronary heart disease are characterized by a lower level of humanin and homoarginine in the blood, as well as an increased content of lactic acid, indicators that are the criteria for inhibiting aerobic pathways and reducing mitochondriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Zhloba
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Saint-Petersburg, 197022, Russian Federation
| | - T F Subbotina
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Saint-Petersburg, 197022, Russian Federation
| | - N S Molchan
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Saint-Petersburg, 197022, Russian Federation
| | - Yu S Polushin
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Saint-Petersburg, 197022, Russian Federation
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23
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Rodionov RN, Begmatov H, Jarzebska N, Patel K, Mills MT, Ghani Z, Khakshour D, Tamboli P, Patel MN, Abdalla M, Assaf M, Bornstein SR, Millan JL, Bode-Böger SM, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Weiss N, Savinova OV. Homoarginine Supplementation Prevents Left Ventricular Dilatation and Preserves Systolic Function in a Model of Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012486. [PMID: 31304837 PMCID: PMC6662144 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Homoarginine (hArg) has been shown to be cardioprotective in a model of ischemic heart failure; however, the mechanism remains unknown. hArg can inhibit tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an enzyme that promotes vascular calcification. We hypothesized that hArg will exert beneficial effects by reducing calcification in a mouse model of coronary artery disease associated with TNAP overexpression and hypercholesterolemia. Methods and Results TNAP was overexpressed in the endothelium in mice homozygous for a low‐density lipoprotein receptor mutation (wicked high cholesterol [WHC] allele). WHC and WHC–endothelial TNAP mice received placebo or hArg supplementation (14 mg/L in drinking water) starting at 6 weeks of age simultaneously with an atherogenic diet. Outcomes were compared between the groups after 4 to 5 weeks on treatment. Experiments were performed in males, which presented a study limitation. As expected, WHC–endothelial TNAP mice on the placebo had increased mortality (median survival 27 days, P<0.0001), increased coronary calcium and lipids (P<0.01), increased left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (P<0.0001), reduced ejection fraction (P<0.05), and increased myocardial fibrosis (P<0.0001) compared with WHC mice. Contrary to our hypothesis, hArg neither inhibited TNAP activity in vivo nor reduced coronary artery calcification and atherosclerosis in WHC–endothelial TNAP mice; however, compared with the placebo, hArg prevented left ventricular dilatation (P<0.01), preserved ejection fraction (P<0.05), and reduced myocardial fibrosis (P<0.001). Conclusions The beneficial effect of hArg supplementation in the setting of calcified coronary artery disease is likely due to its direct protective actions on the myocardial response to the ischemic injury and not to the inhibition of TNAP activity and calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman N Rodionov
- 1 University Center for Vascular Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Hoshimjon Begmatov
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- 1 University Center for Vascular Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany.,3 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit Medicine Pulmonary Engineering Group University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Ketul Patel
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY
| | - Matthew T Mills
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY
| | - Zulaikha Ghani
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY
| | - Doreen Khakshour
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY
| | - Pankti Tamboli
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY
| | - Mitul N Patel
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY
| | - Mirette Abdalla
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY
| | - Maryann Assaf
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine III University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Jose Luis Millan
- 5 Human Genetics Program Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla CA
| | | | | | - Norbert Weiss
- 1 University Center for Vascular Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Olga V Savinova
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY
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24
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Sarecka-Hujar B, Szołtysek-Bołdys I, Kopyta I, Dolińska B, Sobczak A. Concentrations of the Selected Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Response to Antiepileptic Drugs: A Literature Review. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2019; 25:1076029619859429. [PMID: 31238702 PMCID: PMC6714895 DOI: 10.1177/1076029619859429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a disease arising from morphological and metabolic changes in the brain. Approximately 60% of patients with seizures can be controlled with 1 antiepileptic drug (AED), while in others, polytherapy is required. The AED treatment affects a number of biochemical processes in the body, including increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is indicated that the duration of AED therapy with some AEDs significantly accelerates the process of atherosclerosis. Most of AEDs increase levels of homocysteine (HCys) as well as may affect concentrations of new, nonclassical risk factors for atherosclerosis, that is, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homoarginine (hArg). Because of the role of these parameters in the pathogenesis of CVD, knowledge of HCys, ADMA, and hArg concentrations in patients with epilepsia treated with AED, both pediatric and adult, appears to be of significant importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sarecka-Hujar
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Izabela Szołtysek-Bołdys
- 2 Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ilona Kopyta
- 3 Department of Pediatric Neurology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Dolińska
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sobczak
- 2 Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
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25
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Zhloba AA, Subbotina TF, Molchan NS. [The value of detection of homoarginin level in patients with ischemic heart disease under operations of myocardium re-vascularization.]. Klin Lab Diagn 2019; 63:281-286. [PMID: 30689321 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2018-63-5-281-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The homoarginine is proposed as a prognostic metabolic criterion of danger of stroke and myocardium infarction and evaluated in this capacity in a number of population studies. The actual study analyzed content of this cardio-metabolic marker and main amino acids in blood plasma of 59 patients (46 males and 13 females, aged 61,4 ± 6,2 years) wit6h ischemic heart disease send to planned operation of aortocoronary bypass surgery and also 30 healthy individuals aged 50,4 ± 9,2 years. The concentration of homoarginine and amino acids was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography with identification of ortho-phthalic derivative with fluorometric detecting using genuine developed technique. The examined patients had a significant decreasing of level of homoarginine in venous blood plasma. In contrast to healthy individuals, the patients were detected a positive dependence of level of homoarginine from content of level of lysine and arginine in blood plasma. These amino acids are substrates of reaction generating homoarginine catalyzed by argin ineglycineamidinotransferase. Thus, in patients' level of homoarginine in blood plasma depends both on activity of argininegly cineamidinotransferase in tissues and on content of lysine and arginine. The content of these amino acids in blood can abruptly increase at activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Consequently, it appears that increasing of bio-synthesis of homoarginine occurs in certain patients leveling its decreased level. In patients with cardio-vascular diseases at detection of homoarginine a level of arginine and lysine in blood is to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Zhloba
- The Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "The Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University" of Minzdrav of Russia, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia.,The Federal State Budget Institution "The V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center" of Minzdrav of Russia, 197341, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T F Subbotina
- The Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "The Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University" of Minzdrav of Russia, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia.,The Federal State Budget Institution "The V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center" of Minzdrav of Russia, 197341, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Molchan
- The Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education "The Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University" of Minzdrav of Russia, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia
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26
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Niekamp C, Atzler D, Ojeda FM, Sinning CR, Lackner KJ, Böger RH, Munzel T, Beutel ME, Schmidtmann I, Pfeiffer N, Leuschner A, Blankenberg S, Wild PS, Zeller T, Schwedhelm E, Schnabel RB. Cross-Sectional Associations between Homoarginine, Intermediate Phenotypes, and Atrial Fibrillation in the Community-The Gutenberg Health Study. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E86. [PMID: 30200232 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Homoarginine has come into the focus of interest as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease. Atrial fibrillation (AF) causes a substantial increase in morbidity and mortality. Whether circulating homoarginine is associated with occurrence or persistence of AF and may serve as a new predictive biomarker remains unknown. We measured plasma levels of homoarginine in the population-based Gutenberg health study (3761 patients included, of them 51.7% males), mean age 55.6 ± 10.9 years-old. Associations between homoarginine and intermediate electrocardiographic and echocardiographic phenotypes and manifest AF were examined. Patients with AF (124 patients, of them 73.4% males) had a mean age 64.8 ± 8.6 years-old compared to a mean age of 55.3 ± 10.9 in the population without AF (p-value < 0.001) and showed a less beneficial risk factor profile. The median homoarginine levels in individuals with and without AF were 1.9 μmol/L (interquartile range (IQR) 1.5–2.5) and 2.0 μmol/L (IQR 1.5–2.5), respectively, p = 0.56. In multivariable-adjusted regression analyses homoarginine was not statistically significantly related to electrocardiographic variables. Among echocardiographic variables beta per standard deviation increase was −0.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.23–(−0.02); p = 0.024) for left atrial area and −0.01 (95% CI −0.02–(−0.003); p = 0.013) for E/A ratio. The odds ratio between homoarginine and AF was 0.91 (95% CI 0.70–1.16; p = 0.45). In our large, population-based cross-sectional study, we did not find statistically significant correlations between lower homoarginine levels and occurrence or persistence of AF or most standard electrocardiographic phenotypes, but some moderate inverse associations with echocardiographic left atrial size and E/A. Homoarginine may not represent a strong biomarker to identify individuals at increased risk for AF. Further investigations will be needed to elucidate the role of homoarginine and cardiac function.
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27
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Loso J, Lund N, Avanesov M, Muschol N, Lezius S, Cordts K, Schwedhelm E, Patten M. Serum Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Fabry Associated Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:108. [PMID: 30159316 PMCID: PMC6104487 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fabry disease (FD) is characterized by early development of vasculopathy and endothelial dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether these findings also play a pivotal role in cardiac manifestation. As Fabry cardiomyopathy (FC) is the leading cause of death in FD, we aimed to gather a better insight in pathological mechanisms of the disease. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 17 healthy controls, 15 FD patients with and 7 without FC. FC was defined by LV wall thickening of >12 mm in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and serum level of proBNP, high sensitive Troponin T (hsT), and globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-GB3) were obtained. A multiplex ELISA-Assay for 23 different angiogenesis markers was performed in pooled samples. Markers showing significant differences among groups were further analyzed in single samples using specific Elisa antibody assays. L-homoarginine (hArg), L-arginine, asymmetric (ADMA), and symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) were quantified by liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry. Results: Angiostatin and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were elevated in FD patients compared to controls independently of the presence of FC (angiostatin: 98 ± 25 vs. 75 ± 15 ng/mL; p = 0.001; MMP-9: 8.0 ± 3.4 vs. 5.0 ± 2.4 μg/mL; p = 0.002). SDMA concentrations were highest in patients with FC (0.90 ± 0.64 μmol/l) compared to patients without (0.57 ± 0.10 μmol/l; p = 0.027) and vs. controls (0.58 ± 0.12 μmol/l; p = 0.006) and was positively correlated with indexed LV-mass (r = 0.61; p = 0.003), hsT (r = 0.56, p = 0.008), and lyso-Gb3 (r = 0.53, p = 0.013). Accordingly, the ratio of L-homoarginine to SDMA (hArg/SDMA) was lowest in patients with FC (2.63 ± 1.78) compared to controls (4.16 ± 1.44; p = 0.005). For L-arginine, hArg and ADMA no significant differences among groups could be detected, although a trend toward higher ADMA and lower hArg levels could be observed in the FC group. Furthermore, a significant relationship between kidney and cardiac function could be revealed (p = 0.045). Conclusion: Elevated MMP-9 and angiostatin levels suggest an increased extracellular matrix turnover in FD patients. Furthermore, endothelial dysfunction may also be involved in FC, as SDMA and hArg/SDMA are altered in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Loso
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Lund
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Avanesov
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Muschol
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Lezius
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Cordts
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research e.V.), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research e.V.), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monica Patten
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research e.V.), Hamburg, Germany
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Bahls M, Atzler D, Markus MRP, Friedrich N, Böger RH, Völzke H, Felix SB, Schwedhelm E, Dörr M. Low-Circulating Homoarginine is Associated with Dilatation and Decreased Function of the Left Ventricle in the General Population. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E63. [PMID: 30061520 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Low homoarginine is an independent marker of mortality in heart failure patients and incident cardiovascular events. Whether homoarginine is related with healthier cardiac structure and function is currently unclear. We used data of the population-based "Study of Health in Pomerania" (SHIP-Trend) to assess this relation. Homoarginine was measured in serum using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Linear regression models assessed the relation between homoarginine and several structural as well as functional parameters and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP). All models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and renal function. A total of 3113 subjects (median age 48 (25th percentile 37 to 75th percentile 60) years, 46% male) were included. A standard deviation decrease in homoarginine was associated with a larger left ventricular diastolic diameter (0.3; 95%-confidence interval (CI): 0.2 to 0.5 mm; p < 0.001), left ventricular systolic diameter (0.38; 95%-CI: -0.22 to 0.54 mm; p < 0.001) as well as a less relative wall thickness (⁻0.003 95%-CI: -0.006 to -0.0008; p = 0.01), left ventricular ejection fraction (⁻0.47; 95%-CI: ⁻0.79 to -0.15%; p < 0.01) and fractional shortening (-0.35; 95%-CI: -0.62 to 0.07%; p = 0.01). Low homoarginine was also related to higher NTproBNP (-0.02 95%-CI: -0.034 to -0.009 log pg/mL; p < 0.01). Lower serum homoarginine is associated with dilatation of the heart and decreased function. Prospective clinical studies should assess if homoarginine supplementation improves cardiac health in subjects with low serum concentrations.
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Mena-Ulecia K, Gonzalez-Norambuena F, Vergara-Jaque A, Poblete H, Tiznado W, Caballero J. Study of the affinity between the protein kinase PKA and homoarginine-containing peptides derived from kemptide: Free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:986-992. [PMID: 29399821 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) discriminate between closely related sequences that contain serine, threonine, and/or tyrosine residues. Such specificity is defined by the amino acid sequence surrounding the phosphorylatable residue, so that it is possible to identify an optimal recognition motif (ORM) for each PK. The ORM for the protein kinase A (PKA), a well-known member of the PK family, is the sequence RRX(S/T)X, where arginines at the -3 and -2 positions play a key role with respect to the primed phosphorylation site. In this work, differential affinities of PKA for the peptide substrate Kemptide (LRRASLG) and mutants that substitute the arginine residues by the unnatural peptide homoarginine were evaluated through molecular dynamics (MD) and free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations. The FEP study for the homoarginine mutants required previous elaboration of a CHARMM "arginine to homoarginine" (R2B) hybrid topology file which is available in this manuscript as Supporting Information. Mutants substituting the arginine residues by alanine, lysine, and histidine were also considered in the comparison by using the same protocol. FEP calculations allowed estimating the free energy changes from the free PKA to PKA-substrate complex (ΔΔGE→ES ) when Kemptide structure was mutated. Both ΔΔGS→ES values for homoarginine mutants were predicted with a difference below 1 kcal/mol. In addition, FEP correctly predicted that all the studied mutations decrease the catalytic efficiency of Kemptide for PKA. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Mena-Ulecia
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Avenida República #275, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Fabian Gonzalez-Norambuena
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Ariela Vergara-Jaque
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Horacio Poblete
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Avenida República #275, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
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Aula H, Skyttä T, Tuohinen S, Luukkaala T, Hämäläinen M, Virtanen V, Raatikainen P, Moilanen E, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL. Adjuvant Breast Cancer Treatments Induce Changes in Homoarginine Level - A Prospective Observational Study. Anticancer Res 2017; 37:6815-6824. [PMID: 29187460 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify patients with breast cancer at risk for cardiotoxicity, we evaluated homoarginine (HA) behavior during adjuvant treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-one patients received radiotherapy (RT) with or without endocrine treatment, and 19 received chemotherapy, RT and endocrine therapy. Serum HA, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hscTnT) were measured and echocardiography was performed before chemotherapy, and before and after RT. RESULTS In chemo-naïve tamoxifen users HA increased during RT from a median (IQR) of 2.47 (1.61-3.35) to 2.86 (1.93-4.23) μM (p=0.028) and remained stable in patients with aromatase inhibitor and in those without endocrine therapy. Tamoxifen users were mostly spared from echocardiographic changes. In chemotherapy-treated patients, HA decreased during chemotherapy (p=0.001) from 1.46 (1.01-2.18) to 0.91 (0.71-1.29) μM, and increased (p=0.004) to 1.19 (0.83-1.63) μM during RT, remaining lower than at baseline (p=0.014). Echocardiographic changes were observed during chemotherapy. CONCLUSION HA decrease during chemotherapy could indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity. Additionally, HA increase in tamoxifen users may reflect a cardioprotective effect of tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Aula
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland .,Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tanja Skyttä
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi Tuohinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Luukkaala
- Science Center, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa Virtanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pekka Raatikainen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pirkko-Liisa Kellokumpu-Lehtinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Ghashut RA, Blackwell S, Ryan S, Willox L, McMillan DC, Kinsella J, Talwar D. Assessment of asymmetrical dimethylarginine metabolism in patients with critical illness. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:279-288. [PMID: 27930821 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically ill patients experience metabolic disorders including hypercatabolic state and hyperglycaemia, and these are associated with poor outcome. Hyperglycaemia and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) are reported to have significant influences on endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma ADMA and related arginine metabolism in patients with critical illness. MATERIALS AND METHOSDS Two venous blood samples (EDTA) (104 patients), on admission and follow-up sample in the last day in intensive care unit (ICU) (died or discharge sample median 7, interquartile range (IQR) 6-8, range 5-15). Plasma ADMA, arginine, homoarginine and SDMA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULT ADMA (P < 0·01) and SDMA (P < 0·05) were elevated, and homoarginine was decreased (P < 0·05) in nonsurvivors and was directly associated with predicted mortality rate (P < 0·05 and P < 0·001), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) (P < 0·05, P < 0·001), ICU stay (P < 0·05, P < 0·001) and mortality (P < 0·01, P < 0·05). ADMA was directly associated with SDMA (P < 0·001), albumin (P < 0·05), ICU stay and mortality (P < 0·01). SDMA was directly associated with creatinine (P < 0·001) and Acute physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (P < 0·001). In the follow-up measurements, there was a significant decrease in SOFA score (P < 0·01), homoarginine (P < 0·01), aminotransferase (P < 0·01), Laboratory Glucose (P < 0·01) and albumin (P < 0·01). In contrast, there was an increase in arginine (P < 0·01), ADMA (P < 0·01), ADMA:SDMA ratio (P < 0·01) and the norepinephrine administration (P < 0·01). CONCLUSION In the present longitudinal study, ADMA metabolism was altered in patients with critical illness and was associated with disease severity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawia A Ghashut
- Academic Unit of Anaesthesia, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life of Sciences - University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.,Academic Unit of Surgery, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life of Sciences - University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Scott Blackwell
- Department of Biochemistry, The Scottish Trace Element and Micronutrient Reference Laboratory, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sylvia Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, The Scottish Trace Element and Micronutrient Reference Laboratory, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura Willox
- Department of Biochemistry, The Scottish Trace Element and Micronutrient Reference Laboratory, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Donald C McMillan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life of Sciences - University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Kinsella
- Academic Unit of Anaesthesia, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life of Sciences - University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dinesh Talwar
- Department of Biochemistry, The Scottish Trace Element and Micronutrient Reference Laboratory, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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Abstract
Mammalian arginine metabolism is complex due to the expression of multiple enzymes that utilize arginine as substrate and to interactions or competition between specific enzymes involved in arginine metabolism. Moreover, cells may contain multiple intracellular arginine pools that are not equally accessible to all arginine metabolic enzymes, thus presenting additional challenges to more fully understanding arginine metabolism. At the whole-body level, arginine metabolism ultimately results in the production of a biochemically diverse range of products, including nitric oxide, urea, creatine, polyamines, proline, glutamate, agmatine, and homoarginine. Included in this group of compounds are the methylated arginines (e.g., asymmetric dimethylarginine), which are released upon degradation of proteins containing methylated arginine residues. Changes in arginine concentration also can regulate cellular metabolism and function via a variety of arginine sensors. Although much is known about arginine metabolism, elucidation of the physiologic or pathophysiologic roles for all of the pathways and their metabolites remains an active area of investigation, as exemplified by current findings highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney M Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Li M, Chen L, Deng Z, Zhao C. Characterization of AmtA, an amidinotransferase involved in the biosynthesis of phaseolotoxins. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:603-9. [PMID: 27419063 PMCID: PMC4887976 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaseolotoxins (PHTs), which are produced by Pseudomonas, belong to a family of phosphoramidate natural products. Two nonproteinogenic amino acid precursors, Nδ(N′‐sulfo‐diaminophosphinyl)‐ornithine (PSOrn) and homoarginine (hArg), are involved in biosynthesis of PHTs. Amidinotransferase AmtA catalyses the formation of hArg, with arginine and lysine as substrates. AmtA was overexpressed and purified in an Escherichia coli system. An in vitro enzyme assay showed that it has stricter substrate specificity than certain other amidinotransferases. Site‐directed mutagenesis experiments showed that the mutation AmtA Met243His244 is an alternative while Met246 is essential for the transamidination activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University China
| | - Changming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University China
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Atzler D, Baum C, Ojeda F, Keller T, Cordts K, Schnabel RB, Choe CU, Lackner KJ, Münzel T, Böger RH, Blankenberg S, Schwedhelm E, Zeller T. Low Homoarginine Levels in the Prognosis of Patients With Acute Chest Pain. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002565. [PMID: 27076564 PMCID: PMC4859271 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endogenous amino acid homoarginine predicts mortality in cerebro- and cardiovascular disease. The objective was to explore whether homoarginine is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and outcome in patients with acute chest pain. METHODS AND RESULTS One thousand six hundred forty-nine patients with acute chest pain were consecutively enrolled in this study, of whom 589 were diagnosed acute coronary syndrome (ACS). On admission, plasma concentrations of homoarginine as well as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and high-sensitivity assayed troponin I (hsTnI) were determined along with electrocardiography (ECG) variables. During a median follow-up of 183 days, 60 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs; 3.8%), including all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, were registered in the overall study population and 43 MACEs (7.5%) in the ACS subgroup. Adjusted multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that an increase of 1 SD of plasma log-transformed homoarginine (0.37) was associated with a hazard reduction of 26% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.96) for incident MACE and likewise of 35% (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.49-0.88) in ACS patients. In Kaplan-Meier survival curves, homoarginine was predictive for patients with high-sensitivity assayed troponin I (hsTnI) above 27 ng/L (P<0.05). Last, homoarginine was inversely associated with QTc duration (P<0.001) and prevalent AF (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.95). CONCLUSION Low plasma homoarginine was identified as a risk marker for incident MACEs in patients with acute chest pain, in particular, in those with elevated hsTnI. Impaired homoarginine was associated with prevalent AF. Further studies are needed to investigate the link to AF and evaluate homoarginine as a therapeutic option for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Atzler
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Baum
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francisco Ojeda
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Keller
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein/Main, Germany
| | - Kathrin Cordts
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chi-un Choe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein/Main, Germany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein/Main, Germany Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rainer H Böger
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Sacristán M, Varela A, Pedrosa MM, Burbano C, Cuadrado C, Legaz ME, Muzquiz M. Determination of β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid and homoarginine in Lathyrus sativus and Lathyrus cicera by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:1414-1420. [PMID: 24954190 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lathyrus species as legumes represent an alternative protein source for human and animal nutrition. Heavy consumption of these species can lead to lathyrism, caused by the non-protein amino acid β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP). Currently, there is no well-defined level below which β-ODAP is considered non-toxic. In this work, the β-ODAP content was determined in L. sativus and L. cicera samples to assess their potential toxicity. Homoarginine is another non-protein amino acid found in Lathyrus spp. with interesting implications for human and animal nutrition. RESULTS The level of β-ODAP found in these two species ranged from 0.79 to 5.05 mg g(-1). The homoarginine content of the samples ranged from 7.49 to 12.44 mg g(-1). CONCLUSION This paper describes an accurate, fast and sensitive method of simultaneous detection and quantification of β-ODAP and homoarginine by capillary zone electrophoresis in L. cicera and L. sativus seeds. Moreover, several methods of extraction were compared to determine the highest performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Sacristán
- Dpto. Tecnología de Alimentos, SGIT-INIA, Apdo. 8111, 28080, Madrid, Spain
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Pilz S, Teerlink T, Scheffer PG, Meinitzer A, Rutters F, Tomaschitz A, Drechsler C, Kienreich K, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CDA, März W, Dekker JM. Homoarginine and mortality in an older population: the Hoorn study. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:200-8. [PMID: 24251815 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homoarginine is an amino acid that may be involved in nitric oxide and energy metabolism. Previous studies in patient populations showed that low homoarginine levels indicate an increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular disease. We evaluated whether low plasma levels of homoarginine are associated with elevated, overall and cause-specific mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Hoorn study is a population-based study among older men and women. We calculated Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) for overall and cause-specific mortality according to sex-specific homoarginine quartiles. RESULTS We included 606 study participants (51·3% women; 70·0 ± 6·6 years). Homoarginine concentrations were higher in men (1·63 ± 0·51 μM), compared with women (1·30 ± 0·44 μM; P < 0·001). After a median follow-up time of 7·8 years, 112 study participants died, including 31 deaths due to cardiovascular diseases and 30 due to cancer. Associations between homoarginine levels and mortality showed a threshold effect with a significant risk increase from the second to the first quartile. Compared with the upper three quartiles, the age-, sex- and BMI-adjusted HR (with 95% CI) in the first quartile was 2·26 (1·52-3·32) for overall mortality, 4·20 (2·03-8·69) for cardiovascular mortality and 1·25 (0·55-2·85) for cancer mortality. These associations remained materially unchanged after multivariate adjustments. CONCLUSIONS Low plasma concentrations of homoarginine are a risk marker for overall mortality and especially for cardiovascular mortality in the older general population. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pilz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Singh SS, Rao S. Lessons from neurolathyrism: a disease of the past & the future of Lathyrus sativus (Khesari dal). Indian J Med Res 2013; 138:32-7. [PMID: 24056554 PMCID: PMC3767245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurolathyrism is past history in India since Lathyrus sativus (khesari dal) is no longer used as a staple. A consensus has evolved that khesari dal is harmless as part of a normal diet. L-ODAP (β-N-oxalyl-l-α-diamino propionic acid) the neurotoxic amino acid, from this pulse, is detoxified in humans but not in animals but still no laboratory animal is susceptible to it under acceptable feeding regimens. L-ODAP is an activator of protein kinase C and consequential crucial downstream effects such as stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) could be extremely conducive to humans under a variety of situations. ODAP is gradually finding a place in several patents for this reason. Homoarginine the second amino acid from L. sativus can be a better substrate for endogenous generation of nitric oxide, a crucial signaling molecule associated with the cardiovasculature and control of hypertension. These features could make L. sativus a prized commodity as a functional food for the general cardiovasculature and overcome hypoxic events and is set to change the entire perception of this pulse and neurolathyrism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya S. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - S.L.N. Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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