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Lymphocyte predominant cells detect Moraxella catarrhalis-derived antigens in nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2465. [PMID: 32424289 PMCID: PMC7235000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare lymphoma of B-cell origin with frequent expression of functional B-cell receptors (BCRs). Here we report that expression cloning followed by antigen screening identifies DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta’ (RpoC) from Moraxella catarrhalis as frequent antigen of BCRs of IgD+ LP cells. Patients show predominance of HLA-DRB1*04/07 and the IgVH genes encode extraordinarily long CDR3s. High-titer, light-chain-restricted anti-RpoC IgG1/κ-type serum-antibodies are additionally found in these patients. RpoC and MID/hag, a superantigen co-expressed by Moraxella catarrhalis that is known to activate IgD+ B cells by binding to the Fc domain of IgD, have additive activation effects on the BCR, the NF-κB pathway and the proliferation of IgD+ DEV cells expressing RpoC-specific BCRs. This suggests an additive antigenic and superantigenic stimulation of B cells with RpoC-specific IgD+ BCRs under conditions of a permissive MHC-II haplotype as a model of NLPHL lymphomagenesis, implying future treatment strategies. Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma with IgD+ lymphocyte-predominant (LP) cells is a rare clinical distinct lymphoma subset of B-cell origin. Here the authors show that antigens expressed by Moraxella catarrhalis are recognized by B cell receptors of IgD+ LP cells, suggesting the contribution of chronic antigen stimulation to lymphomagenesis.
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Murphy TF, Brauer AL, Pettigrew MM, LaFontaine ER, Tettelin H. Persistence of Moraxella catarrhalis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Regulation of the Hag/MID Adhesin. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1448-1455. [PMID: 30496439 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistence of bacterial pathogens in the airways has profound consequences on the course and pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with COPD continuously acquire and clear strains of Moraxella catarrhalis, a major pathogen in COPD. Some strains are cleared quickly and some persist for months to years. The mechanism of the variability in duration of persistence is unknown. METHODS Guided by genome sequences of selected strains, we studied the expression of Hag/MID, hag/mid gene sequences, adherence to human cells, and autoaggregation in longitudinally collected strains of M. catarrhalis from adults with COPD. RESULTS Twenty-eight of 30 cleared strains of M. catarrhalis expressed Hag/MID whereas 17 of 30 persistent strains expressed Hag/MID upon acquisition by patients. All persistent strains ceased expression of Hag/MID during persistence. Expression of Hag/MID in human airways was regulated by slipped-strand mispairing. Virulence-associated phenotypes (adherence to human respiratory epithelial cells and autoaggregation) paralleled Hag/MID expression in airway isolates. CONCLUSIONS Most strains of M. catarrhalis express Hag/MID upon acquisition by adults with COPD and all persistent strains shut off expression during persistence. These observations suggest that Hag/MID is important for initial colonization by M. catarrhalis and that cessation of expression facilitates persistence in COPD airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Murphy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The State University of New York, Buffalo.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York, Buffalo.,Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo
| | - Aimee L Brauer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The State University of New York, Buffalo.,Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo
| | - Melinda M Pettigrew
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eric R LaFontaine
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Mukherjee O, Singh B, Bayrak B, Jonsson AB, Mörgelin M, Riesbeck K. A fusion protein derived from Moraxella catarrhalis and Neisseria meningitidis aimed for immune modulation of human B cells. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:2223-7. [PMID: 26042357 PMCID: PMC4635892 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1034917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella IgD-binding protein (MID) is a well characterized trimeric autotransporter that specifically targets the IgD of B cells. We fused the membrane anchor of the meningococcal autotransporter NhhA with the IgD-binding region of MID (aa 962-1200) to create a chimeric protein designated as NID. The aim was to use this specific targeting to provide a better vaccine candidate against meningococci, in particular serogroup B by enhancing the immunogenicity of NhhA. NID was thereafter recombinantly expressed in E. coli. The NID-expressing E. coli bound to peripheral B lymphocytes that resulted in cellular activation. Furthermore, we also successfully expressed NID on outer membrane vesicles, nanoparticles that are commonly used in meningococcal vaccines. This study thus highlights the applicability of the menigococcal-Moraxella fusion protein NID to be used for specific targeting of vaccine components to the IgD B cell receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oindrilla Mukherjee
- Clinical Microbiology; Department of Translational Medicine; Lund University; Malmö, Sweden
| | - Birendra Singh
- Clinical Microbiology; Department of Translational Medicine; Lund University; Malmö, Sweden
| | - Burcu Bayrak
- Clinical Microbiology; Department of Translational Medicine; Lund University; Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ann-Beth Jonsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; The Wenner-Gren Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Section of Clinical and Experimental Infectious Medicine; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology; Department of Translational Medicine; Lund University; Malmö, Sweden
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Haemophilus influenzae surface fibril (Hsf) is a unique twisted hairpin-like trimeric autotransporter. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 305:27-37. [PMID: 25465160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Haemophilus surface fibril (Hsf) is an extraordinary large (2413 amino acids) trimeric autotransporter, present in all encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae. It contributes to virulence by directly functioning as an adhesin. Furthermore, Hsf recruits the host factor vitronectin thereby inhibiting the host innate immune response resulting in enhanced survival in serum. Here we observed by electron microscopy that Hsf appears as an 100 nm long fibril at the bacterial surface albeit the length is approximately 200 nm according to a bioinformatics based model. To unveil this discrepancy, we denaturated Hsf at the surface of Hib by using guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl). Partial denaturation induced in the presence of GuHCl unfolded the Hsf molecules, and resulted in an increased length of fibres in comparison to the native trimeric form. Importantly, our findings were also verified by E. coli expressing Hsf at its surface. In addition, a set of Hsf-specific peptide antibodies also indicated that the N-terminal of Hsf is located near the C-terminal at the base of the fibril. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Hsf is not a straight molecule but is folded and doubled over. This is the first report that provides the unique structural features of the trimeric autotransporter Hsf.
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Murphy TF, Chonmaitree T, Barenkamp S, Kyd J, Nokso-Koivisto J, Patel JA, Heikkinen T, Yamanaka N, Ogra P, Swords WE, Sih T, Pettigrew MM. Panel 5: Microbiology and immunology panel. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 148:E64-89. [PMID: 23536533 DOI: 10.1177/0194599812459636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature from January 2007 through June 2011 on the virology, bacteriology, and immunology related to otitis media. DATA SOURCES PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. REVIEW METHODS Three subpanels with co-chairs comprising experts in the virology, bacteriology, and immunology of otitis media were formed. Each of the panels reviewed the literature in their respective fields and wrote draft reviews. The reviews were shared with all panel members, and a second draft was created. The entire panel met at the 10th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media in June 2011 and discussed the review and refined the content further. A final draft was created, circulated, and approved by the panel. CONCLUSION Excellent progress has been made in the past 4 years in advancing an understanding of the microbiology and immunology of otitis media. Advances include laboratory-based basic studies, cell-based assays, work in animal models, and clinical studies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The advances of the past 4 years formed the basis of a series of short-term and long-term research goals in an effort to guide the field. Accomplishing these goals will provide opportunities for the development of novel interventions, including new ways to better treat and prevent otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Murphy
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
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Perez Vidakovics MLA, Jendholm J, Mörgelin M, Månsson A, Larsson C, Cardell LO, Riesbeck K. B cell activation by outer membrane vesicles--a novel virulence mechanism. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000724. [PMID: 20090836 PMCID: PMC2799554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretion of outer membrane vesicles (OMV) is an intriguing phenomenon of Gram-negative bacteria and has been suggested to play a role as virulence factors. The respiratory pathogens Moraxella catarrhalis reside in tonsils adjacent to B cells, and we have previously shown that M. catarrhalis induce a T cell independent B cell response by the immunoglobulin (Ig) D-binding superantigen MID. Here we demonstrate that Moraxella are endocytosed and killed by human tonsillar B cells, whereas OMV have the potential to interact and activate B cells leading to bacterial rescue. The B cell response induced by OMV begins with IgD B cell receptor (BCR) clustering and Ca(2+) mobilization followed by BCR internalization. In addition to IgD BCR, TLR9 and TLR2 were found to colocalize in lipid raft motifs after exposure to OMV. Two components of the OMV, i.e., MID and unmethylated CpG-DNA motifs, were found to be critical for B cell activation. OMV containing MID bound to and activated tonsillar CD19(+) IgD(+) lymphocytes resulting in IL-6 and IgM production in addition to increased surface marker density (HLA-DR, CD45, CD64, and CD86), whereas MID-deficient OMV failed to induce B cell activation. DNA associated with OMV induced full B cell activation by signaling through TLR9. Importantly, this concept was verified in vivo, as OMV equipped with MID and DNA were found in a 9-year old patient suffering from Moraxella sinusitis. In conclusion, Moraxella avoid direct interaction with host B cells by redirecting the adaptive humoral immune response using its superantigen-bearing OMV as decoys.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Separation
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- CpG Islands/immunology
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin D/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Membrane Microdomains/immunology
- Membrane Microdomains/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Moraxella catarrhalis/immunology
- Moraxella catarrhalis/pathogenicity
- Moraxellaceae Infections/immunology
- Palatine Tonsil/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Sinusitis/immunology
- Sinusitis/microbiology
- Virulence
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Jendholm
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Section of Clinical and Experimental Infectious Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne Månsson
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Christer Larsson
- Center for Molecular Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olaf Cardell
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Molecular aspects of Moraxella catarrhalis pathogenesis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2009; 73:389-406, Table of Contents. [PMID: 19721084 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00007-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Moraxella catarrhalis has established its position as an important human mucosal pathogen, no longer being regarded as just a commensal bacterium. Further, current research in the field has led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in M. catarrhalis pathogenesis, including mechanisms associated with cellular adherence, target cell invasion, modulation of the host's immune response, and metabolism. Additionally, in order to be successful in the host, M. catarrhalis has to be able to interact and compete with the commensal flora and overcome stressful environmental conditions, such as nutrient limitation. In this review, we provide a timely overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with M. catarrhalis virulence and pathogenesis.
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Perez Vidakovics ML, Riesbeck K. Virulence mechanisms of Moraxella in the pathogenesis of infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2009; 22:279-85. [PMID: 19405217 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0b013e3283298e4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Moraxella catarrhalis is an emerging human-specific pathogen responsible for upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Understanding the events in the complex pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms during M. catarrhalis infection is a key to the development of novel therapeutics and vaccines. RECENT FINDINGS Several novel findings have been reported on Moraxella pathogenesis and, in parts, explain how the species stands as a commensal in preschool children and survives in the host. Molecular structures for different adhesins in addition to target ligands with respect to signalling and invasion have been defined. Evasion of the complement system allows Moraxella to survive in the mucosa and by neutralizing [alpha]1-antichymotrypsin the protease activity is increased, resulting in tissue destruction and thus promotion of bacterial attachment. Moraxella-dependent cell activation via immunoglobulin D in addition to toll-like receptors and specific epithelial cell inhibition by cross-linking of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 in the early innate immune response and, finally, the ability of M. catarrhalis to form biofilms are other specific research areas of interest. SUMMARY Recent advances have allowed a more detailed picture of the processes involved in bacteria-host cell interactions, the cause of inflammatory processes and specific host defense responses against the intriguing species Moraxella.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Perez Vidakovics
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Jendholm J, Mörgelin M, Perez Vidakovics MLA, Carlsson M, Leffler H, Cardell LO, Riesbeck K. Superantigen- and TLR-dependent activation of tonsillar B cells after receptor-mediated endocytosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:4713-20. [PMID: 19342647 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Classical B lymphocyte activation is dependent on BCR cross-linking in combination with physical interaction with Th cells. Other B cell molecules that contribute to the activation are complement, cytokine, and TLRs recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis is a common Gram-negative respiratory pathogen that induces proliferation in human IgD-expressing B cells independently of T cell help. The activation is initiated by the B cell superantigen Moraxella IgD-binding protein (MID) through a nonimmune cross-linking of IgD. However, IgD cross-linking alone is not sufficient to induce proliferation. In this study, we characterized the significance of TLRs in superantigen-dependent B cell activation using whole bacteria or rMID in the presence or absence of TLR ligands. IgD cross-linking by MID sensitized B cells obtained from children with tonsillar hyperplasia for mainly TLR9, whereas TLRs 1, 2, 6, and 7 were less important. The Moraxella-induced activation was inhibited when a dominant-negative TLR9 ligand was added. Interestingly, BCR-mediated endocytosis of whole Moraxella and degradation of live bacteria in naive B cells were observed with fluorescence, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy. This unique observation proved the strong intracellular TLR9 response as well as highlighted the Ag-presenting function of B cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest an important role of TLRs in the adaptive immune response and reveal novel insights into the T cell-independent B cell activation induced by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Jendholm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Ronander E, Brant M, Eriksson E, Mörgelin M, Hallgren O, Westergren-Thorsson G, Forsgren A, Riesbeck K. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae adhesin protein E: characterization and biological activity. J Infect Dis 2009; 199:522-31. [PMID: 19125675 DOI: 10.1086/596211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesin protein E (PE) of the human respiratory pathogen nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) exists in all clinical isolates. In the present study, NTHi adherence to epithelial cells of various origins was further analyzed. The number of intraepithelial PE-deficient NTHi was decreased compared with PE-expressing NTHi. Interestingly, PE-expressing NTHi or Escherichia coli transformants, in addition to soluble recombinant PE22-160 without a lipid moiety, induced a proinflammatory cell response. The adhesive PE domain was defined within PE84-108, and preincubation of epithelial cells with this peptide blocked adhesion of several clinical NTHi isolates. Mice immunized with PE84-108 cleared NTHi up to 8-fold more efficiently on pulmonary challenge than did mice immunized with a control peptide. Finally, anti-PE mouse antibodies from vaccinated mice prevented NTHi adhesion. Our data suggest that the ubiquitous adhesin PE plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NTHi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ronander
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Andrew SM, Titus JA, Amin A, Coico R. Isolation of murine and human immunoglobulin m and murine immunoglobulin D. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2009; Chapter 2:2.9.1-2.9.8. [PMID: 19347846 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im0209s85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes two classical protocols for the purification of IgM-dialysis of ascites fluid, tissue culture medium, or bioreactor supernatants against distilled water to precipitate pure IgM, and ammonium sulfate precipitation. Both protocols can be followed by size-exclusion chromatography to obtain a highly purified product. Recently, an affinity method for purification of IgM has been developed using mannan-binding protein, and is described here. The third approach presented is a one-step IgD purification method, designed specifically for murine derived samples, that uses Sepharose coupled to lectin derived from the seeds of Griffonia simplicifolia-1. This represents a simple, rapid, and gentle, approach to isolating this highly labile immunoglobulin from IgD-containing ascites or hybridoma sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard Coico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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