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Tan Y, Ma S, Ding T, Ludwig R, Lee J, Xu J. Enhancing the Antibiofilm Activity of β-1,3-Glucanase-Functionalized Nanoparticles Loaded With Amphotericin B Against Candida albicans Biofilm. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:815091. [PMID: 35685939 PMCID: PMC9172620 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.815091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida biofilm-related infections cause increased morbidity and mortality in patients with a reduced immune response. Traditional antifungal therapies have proven to be insufficient as the biofilm matrix acts as a perfusion barrier. Thus, novel methods are required to improve drug delivery and kill Candida within the biofilm. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) loaded with Amphotericin B (AMB), which were functionalized with β-1,3-glucanase (Gls), were fabricated (CSNPs-AMB-Gls), and their antibiofilm activity against Candida albicans biofilm was evaluated in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were employed to examine biofilm architecture and cell viability. CSNPs-AMB-Gls inhibited planktonic cell growth and biofilm formation effectively and exhibited the highest efficacy on the removal of a mature biofilm than free AMB or CSNPs-AMB. The created nanoparticles (NPs) were found to penetrate the biofilm so as to directly interfere with the cells inside and disassemble the biofilm matrix. CSNPs-AMB-Gls could also eradicate biofilms from clinical isolates. These results suggest the potential applicability of CSNPs-AMB-Gls for the treatment of Candida biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Tan
- Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yulong Tan,
| | - Su Ma
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ting Ding
- Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jiaman Xu
- Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
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Abstract
Biofilms are recalcitrant to antimicrobials, partly due to the barrier effect of their matrix. The use of hydrolytic enzymes capable to degrade matrix constituents has been proposed as an alternative strategy against biofilm-related infections. This study aimed to determine whether hydrolytic enzymes could potentiate the activity of antimicrobials against hard-to-treat interkingdom biofilms comprising two bacteria and one fungus. We studied the activity of a series of enzymes alone or in combination, followed or not by antimicrobial treatment, against single-, dual- or three-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, by measuring their residual biomass or culturable cells. Two hydrolytic enzymes, subtilisin A and lyticase, were identified as the most effective to reduce the biomass of C. albicans biofilm. When targeting interkingdom biofilms, subtilisin A alone was the most effective enzyme to reduce biomass of all biofilms, followed by lyticase combined with an enzymatic cocktail composed of cellulase, denarase, and dispersin B that proved previously active against bacterial biofilms. The subsequent incubation with antimicrobials further reduced the biomass. Enzymes alone did not reduce culturable cells in most cases and did not interfere with the cidal effects of antimicrobials. Therefore, this work highlights the potential interest of pre-exposing interkingdom biofilms to hydrolytic enzymes to reduce their biomass besides the number of culturable cells, which was not achieved when using antimicrobials alone. IMPORTANCE Biofilms are recalcitrant to antimicrobial treatments. This problem is even more critical when dealing with polymicrobial, interkingdom biofilms, including both bacteria and fungi, as these microorganisms cooperate to strengthen the biofilm and produce a complex matrix. Here, we demonstrate that the protease subtilisin A used alone, or a cocktail containing lyticase, cellulase, denarase, and dispersin B markedly reduce the biomass of interkingdom biofilms and cooperate with antimicrobials to act upon these recalcitrant forms of infection. This work may open perspectives for the development of novel adjuvant therapies against biofilm-related infections.
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Zuo X, Liu Y, Cai X, Zhan L, Hu K. Association of different Candida species with catheter-related candidemia, and the potential antifungal treatments against their adhesion properties and biofilm-forming capabilities. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23738. [PMID: 33608902 PMCID: PMC8059721 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To compare the adhesion properties and biofilm‐forming capabilities of 27 Candida isolates obtained from catheter‐related candidemia patients and to evaluate the inhibitory effects of antifungal agents on different Candida species. Material and Methods Seven C. albicans, six C. parapsilosis, five C. guilliermondii, five C. tropicalis, and four C. glabrata clinical isolates were investigated. We quantified the adherence of these Candida species by flow cytometric method and evaluated the formation of biofilms by XTT reduction and crystal violet methods. Actions of micafungin (MF), fluconazole (FZ), and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) on the adhesion and biofilm formation of different Candida species were determined. Results Non‐albicans Candida species were demonstrated to have stronger adhesion abilities compared with C. albicans. The biofilm‐forming capabilities of different Candida species were varied considerably, and the degree of biofilm formation might be affected by different assay approaches. Interestingly, C. parapsilosis displayed the highest biofilm formation abilities, while C. glabrata exhibited the lowest total biomass and metabolic activity. Furthermore, the inhibitory activities of MF, FZ, and NAC on fungal adhesion and biofilm formation were evaluated, and the results indicated that MF could reduce the adhesion ability and biofilm metabolism more significantly (p < 0.05), and its antifungal activity was elevated in a dose‐dependent manner. Conclusion Non‐albicans Candida species, especially C. guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis, exhibited higher adhesion ability in catheter‐related candidemia patients. However, these Candida species had varied biofilm‐forming capabilities. MF tended to have stronger inhibitory effects against both adhesion and biofilm formation of different Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐shu Zuo
- Department of Critical Care MedicineRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xuan Cai
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Liying Zhan
- Department of Critical Care MedicineRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Thongsricome T, Kanjanabuch T, Maeboonruen N, Pavatung P, Katavetin P, Eiam-Ong S. Promising effect of in-situ lyticase enzyme therapy on peritoneal dialysis catheter obstruction from Acremonium fungal biofilm: A case report. Med Mycol Case Rep 2020; 30:26-28. [PMID: 33020729 PMCID: PMC7527791 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported the first clinical use of lyticase enzyme in salvaging the peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter obstruction from Acremonium fungal biofilm during the COVID-19 pandemic era with an impressive result in PD patient presenting with fungal peritonitis and ultrafiltration failure. The organism species was disclosed from PD effluent and catheter cultures. Adjuvant treatment with in-situ lyticase may be considered for catheter salvage therapy if the catheter could not promptly removed in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thana Thongsricome
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Talerngsak Kanjanabuch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Kidney Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
- Peritoneal Dialysis Excellent Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand
| | - Nopparat Maeboonruen
- Peritoneal Dialysis Excellent Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand
| | - Preeyarat Pavatung
- Center of Excellence in Kidney Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Pisut Katavetin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
- Peritoneal Dialysis Excellent Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand
| | - Somchai Eiam-Ong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
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Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Martínez-Herrera E, Carnero-Gregorio M, López-Barcenas A, Fabbrocini G, Fida M, El-Samahy M, González-Cespón JL. Pathogenesis and Clinical Relevance of Candida Biofilms in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:544480. [PMID: 33262741 PMCID: PMC7686049 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.544480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Candida spp. to form biofilms is crucial for its pathogenicity, and thus, it should be considered an important virulence factor in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and recurrent VVC (RVVC). Its ability to generate biofilms is multifactorial and is generally believed to depend on the site of infection, species and strain involved, and the microenvironment in which the infection develops. Therefore, both cell surface proteins, such as Hwp1, Als1, and Als2, and the cell wall-related protein, Sun41, play a critical role in the adhesion and virulence of the biofilm. Immunological and pharmacological approaches have identified the NLRP3 inflammasome as a crucial molecular factor contributing to host immunopathology. In this context, we have earlier shown that Candida albicans associated with hyphae-secreted aspartyl proteinases (specifically SAP4-6) contribute to the immunopathology of the disease. Transcriptome profiling has revealed that non-coding transcripts regulate protein synthesis post-transcriptionally, which is important for the growth of Candida spp. Other studies have employed RNA sequencing to identify differences in the 1,245 Candida genes involved in surface and invasive cellular metabolism regulation. In vitro systems allow the simultaneous processing of a large number of samples, making them an ideal screening technique for estimating various physicochemical parameters, testing the activity of antimicrobial agents, and analyzing genes involved in biofilm formation and regulation (in situ) in specific strains. Murine VVC models are used to study C. albicans infection, especially in trials of novel treatments and to understand the cause(s) for resistance to conventional therapeutics. This review on the clinical relevance of Candida biofilms in VVC focuses on important advances in its genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Moreover, recent experiments on the influence of biofilm formation on VVC or RVVC pathogenesis in laboratory animals have been discussed. A clear elucidation of one of the pathogenesis mechanisms employed by Candida biofilms in vulvovaginal candidiasis and its applications in clinical practice represents the most significant contribution of this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Hospital do Meixoeiro and University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erick Martínez-Herrera
- Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Ixtapaluca, Mexico
| | - Miguel Carnero-Gregorio
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Molecular Diagnosis (Array & NGS Division), Institute of Cellular and Molecular Studies, Lugo, Spain
| | - Adriana López-Barcenas
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Psychodermatology Task Force of the Ibero-Latin American College of Dermatology (CILAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Section of Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Manuel Gea González hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monika Fida
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine, Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - May El-Samahy
- European Women's Dermatologic and Venereologic Society, Tui, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - José Luís González-Cespón
- Efficiency, Quality, and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Health Research Institute, SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
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da Silva ACB, Sardi JDCO, de Oliveira DGL, de Oliveira CFR, Dos Santos HF, Dos Santos EL, Crusca E, Cardoso MH, Franco OL, Macedo MLR. Development of a novel anti-biofilm peptide derived from profilin of Spodoptera frugiperda. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:516-527. [PMID: 32619153 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1776857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Candida yeast infections are the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Peptides with antimicrobial activity are a promising alternative treatment for such infections. Here, the antifungal activity of a new antimicrobial peptide-PEP-IA18-was evaluated against Candida species. PEP-IA18 was designed from the primary sequence of profilin, a protein from Spodoptera frugiperda, and displayed potent activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, showing a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.5 µM. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of PEP-IA18 involved interaction with the cell membrane (ergosterol complexation). Treatment at MIC and/or 10 × MIC significantly reduced biofilm formation and viability. PEP-IA18 showed low toxicity toward human fibroblasts and only revealed hemolytic activity at high concentrations. Thus, PEP-IA18 exhibited antifungal and anti-biofilm properties with potential applicability in the treatment of infections caused by Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Carolina Borges da Silva
- Protein Purification Laboratory and Biological Functions, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Janaina de Cassia Orlandi Sardi
- Protein Purification Laboratory and Biological Functions, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Daniella Gorete Lourenço de Oliveira
- Protein Purification Laboratory and Biological Functions, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Caio Fernando Ramalho de Oliveira
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Studies Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Helder Freitas Dos Santos
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Studies Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Edson Lucas Dos Santos
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Studies Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Edson Crusca
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-inova Biotech, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-inova Biotech, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
- Protein Purification Laboratory and Biological Functions, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Mello TP, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS. Biofilms formed by Scedosporium and Lomentospora species: focus on the extracellular matrix. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:308-318. [PMID: 32401558 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1759558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the biofilm formed by Scedosporium apiospermum, S. aurantiacum, S. minutisporum and Lomentospora prolificans on a polystyrene surface was investigated. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a dense mycelial mass, with an ECM covering/interspersing the fungal cells and containing carbohydrate-rich molecules (e.g. glycoproteins) and extracellular DNA. The ECMs that were chemically extracted from mature biofilms formed by each of these fungi was predominantly composed of polysaccharides, followed by proteins, nucleic acids and sterols. In general, the amount of biofilm ECM was significantly greater in S. minutisporum and S. aurantiacum than in S. apiospermum and L. prolificans. Corroborating these results, the disarticulation of mature biofilms with enzymes, sodium metaperiodate and chelating agents occurred mainly in S. minutisporum and S. aurantiacum. Collectively, these results have revealed for the first time the composition of the ECM of the biofilms formed by Scedosporium/Lomentospora species and the role it plays in their architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís P Mello
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta H Branquinha
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André L S Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica (PPGBq), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Emeri FTDASD, Rosalen PL, Paganini ÉR, Garcia MAR, Nazaré AC, Lazarini JG, Alencar SMD, Regasini LO, Sardi JDCO. Antimicrobial activity of nitrochalcone and pentyl caffeate against hospital pathogens results in decreased microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:129-142. [PMID: 30950296 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1574763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the antimicrobial, anti-adhesion and anti-biofilm activity of the modified synthetic molecules nitrochalcone (NC-E05) and pentyl caffeate (C5) against microorganisms which have a high incidence in hospital-acquired infections. The compounds were further tested for their preliminary systemic toxicity in vivo. NC-E05 and C5 showed antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging between 15.62 and 31.25 μg ml-1. Treatment with NC-E05 and C5 at 1 × MIC and/or 10 × MIC significantly reduced mono or mixed-species biofilm formation and viability. At MIC/2, the compounds decreased microbial adhesion to HaCaT keratinocytes from 1 to 3 h (p < 0.0001). In addition, NC-E05 and C5 demonstrated low toxicity in vivo in the Galleria mellonella model at anti-biofilm concentrations. Thus, the chemical modification of these molecules proved to be effective in the proposed anti-biofilm activity, opening opportunities for the development of new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Piracicaba , SP , Brazil
| | - Éder Ramos Paganini
- b Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences , Júlio de Mesquita Filho University , São Jose do Rio Preto , Brazil
| | - Mayara Aparecida Rocha Garcia
- b Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences , Júlio de Mesquita Filho University , São Jose do Rio Preto , Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Nazaré
- b Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences , Júlio de Mesquita Filho University , São Jose do Rio Preto , Brazil
| | - Josy Goldoni Lazarini
- a Department of Physiological Sciences , Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Piracicaba , SP , Brazil
| | - Severino Matias de Alencar
- c Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition , "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo , Piracicaba , Brazil
| | - Luis Octávio Regasini
- b Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences , Júlio de Mesquita Filho University , São Jose do Rio Preto , Brazil
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