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Aragão MGB, He X, Aires CP, Corona SAM. Epigallocatechin gallate reduces the virulence of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans biofilm by affecting the synthesis of biofilm matrix components. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 164:105990. [PMID: 38749386 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been reports on the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against Streptococcus mutans viability and acidogenesis. However, the effects of EGCG on the virulence of S. mutans biofilm development have yet to be fully investigated using validated cariogenic biofilm models. OBJECTIVE Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of EGCG on S. mutans biofilm virulence using a validated cariogenic model and clinically relevant treatment regimens, twice a day for 1.5 min. METHODS Effects of EGCG on bacterial viability, polyssacharide synthesis and biofilm acidogenesis were evaluated. The morphology and 3D structure of the biofilms were evaluated by scanning electron (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. RESULTS No significant change in S. mutans viability or culture medium pH were observed when comparing EGCG-treated and NaCl-treated biofilms. EGCG significantly reduced the accumulation of soluble and insoluble polysaccharides, resulting in the formation of a biofilm with interspaced exopolysaccharide-microcolony complexes unevenly distributed on enamel. The SEM images of the biofilm treated with EGCG depict multilayers of cells arranged in short chains of microorganisms adhered to an unstructured matrix, which is not continuous and does not enmesh or protect the microorganisms entirely. Importantly, confocal images demonstrated that treatment with EGCG affected the 3D structure and organization of S. mutans biofilm, which presented a biofilm matrix more confined to the location of the microcolonies. CONCLUSION In conclusion, EGCG lowered the virulence of S. mutans matrix-rich biofilm by reducing the synthesis of biofilm matrix components, altering the biofilm matrix structure, organization, and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gerusa Brito Aragão
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
| | - Xuesong He
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First St, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carolina Patricia Aires
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Zeferino Vaz - Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
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Carneiro BT, de Castro FNAM, Benetti F, Nima G, Suzuki TYU, André CB. Flavonoids effects against bacteria associated to periodontal disease and dental caries: a scoping review. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:99-113. [PMID: 38425046 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2321965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This scoping review focused on exploring the efficacy of flavonoids against bacteria associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Inclusion criteria comprise studies investigating the antibacterial effects of flavonoids against bacteria linked to caries or periodontal diseases, both pure or diluted in vehicle forms. The search, conducted in August 2023, in databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, and Gray Literature. Out of the initial 1125 studies, 79 met the inclusion criteria, majority in vitro studies. Prominent flavonoids tested included epigallocatechin-gallate, apigenin, quercetin, and myricetin. Predominant findings consistently pointed to bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and antibiofilm activities. The study primarily investigated bacteria associated with dental caries, followed by periodontopathogens. A higher number of publications presented positive antibacterial results against Streptococcus mutans in comparison to Porphyromonas gingivalis. These encouraging findings underline the potential applicability of commercially available flavonoids in materials or therapies, underscoring the need for further exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Tavares Carneiro
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Francine Benetti
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Nima
- Departament of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thais Yumi Umeda Suzuki
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bosso André
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Marimuthu SCV, Murugesan J, Babkiewicz E, Maszczyk P, Sankaranarayanan M, Thangamariappan E, Rosy JC, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Kunjiappan S, Balakrishnan V, Sundar K. Pharmacoinformatics-Based Approach for Uncovering the Quorum-Quenching Activity of Phytocompounds against the Oral Pathogen, Streptococcus mutans. Molecules 2023; 28:5514. [PMID: 37513386 PMCID: PMC10383507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, a gram-positive oral pathogen, is the primary causative agent of dental caries. Biofilm formation, a critical characteristic of S. mutans, is regulated by quorum sensing (QS). This study aimed to utilize pharmacoinformatics techniques to screen and identify effective phytochemicals that can target specific proteins involved in the quorum sensing pathway of S. mutans. A computational approach involving homology modeling, model validation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed. The 3D structures of the quorum sensing target proteins, namely SecA, SMU1784c, OppC, YidC2, CiaR, SpaR, and LepC, were modeled using SWISS-MODEL and validated using a Ramachandran plot. Metabolites from Azadirachta indica (Neem), Morinda citrifolia (Noni), and Salvadora persica (Miswak) were docked against these proteins using AutoDockTools. MD simulations were conducted to assess stable interactions between the highest-scoring ligands and the target proteins. Additionally, the ADMET properties of the ligands were evaluated using SwissADME and pkCSM tools. The results demonstrated that campesterol, meliantrol, stigmasterol, isofucosterol, and ursolic acid exhibited the strongest binding affinity for CiaR, LepC, OppC, SpaR, and Yidc2, respectively. Furthermore, citrostadienol showed the highest binding affinity for both SMU1784c and SecA. Notably, specific amino acid residues, including ASP86, ARG182, ILE179, GLU143, ASP237, PRO101, and VAL84 from CiaR, LepC, OppC, SecA, SMU1784c, SpaR, and YidC2, respectively, exhibited significant interactions with their respective ligands. While the docking study indicated favorable binding energies, the MD simulations and ADMET studies underscored the substantial binding affinity and stability of the ligands with the target proteins. However, further in vitro studies are necessary to validate the efficacy of these top hits against S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayaprabhakaran Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Pilani 333031, India
| | | | - Joseph Christina Rosy
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | | | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Vanavil Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
| | - Krishnan Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
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Curylofo-Zotti FA, Oliveira VDC, Marchesin AR, Borges HS, Tedesco AC, Corona SAM. In vitro antibacterial activity of green tea-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on caries-related microorganisms and dentin after Er:YAG laser caries removal. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:50. [PMID: 36689037 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the inhibitory effects of green tea (Gt), EGCG, and nanoformulations containing chitosan (Nchi) and chitosan+green tea (Nchi+Gt) against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei. In addition, the antibacterial effect of nanoformulations was evaluated directly on dentin after the selective removal of carious lesion. At first, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. mutans and L. casei isolates were investigated. In parallel, dentin specimens were exposed to S. mutans to induce carious lesions. Soft dentin was selectively removed by Er:YAG laser (n=33) or bur (n=33). Remaining dentin was biomodified with Nchi (n=11) or Gt+Nchi (n=11). Control group (n=11) did not receive any treatment. Dentin scraps were collected at three time points. Microbiological analyses were conducted and evaluated by agar plate counts. Gt at 1:32 dilution inhibited S. mutans growth while 1:16 was efficient against L. casei. EGCG at 1:4 dilution completely inhibited S. mutans and L. casei growth. Independently of the association with Gt, Nchi completely inhibited S. mutans at 1:4 dilution. For L. casei, different concentrations of Nchi (1:32) and Nchi+Gt (1:8) were required to inhibit cell growth. After selective carious removal, viability of S. mutans decreased (p<0.001), without difference between bur and Er:YAG laser (p>0.05). Treatment with Nchi and Nchi+Gt did not influence the microbial load of S. mutans on dentin (p>0.05). Although variations in concentrations were noticed, all compounds showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans and L. casei. Both bur and Er:YAG laser have effectively removed soft dentin and reduced S. mutans counts. Nanoformulations did not promote any additional antibacterial effect in the remaining dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Almeida Curylofo-Zotti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Cafe Avenue, s/n 14040-904, Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Viviane De Cássia Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Analu Rodriguez Marchesin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Cafe Avenue, s/n 14040-904, Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Hiago Salge Borges
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Cafe Avenue, s/n 14040-904, Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Harikrishnan P, Arayambath B, Jayaraman VK, Ekambaram K, Ahmed EA, Senthilkumar P, Ibrahim HIM, Sundaresan A, Thirugnanasambantham K. Thidiazuron, a phenyl-urea cytokinin, inhibits ergosterol synthesis and attenuates biofilm formation of Candida albicans. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:224. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Aragão MGB, Aires CP, Corona SAM. Effects of the green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate on S treptococcus mutans planktonic cultures and biofilms: systematic literature review of in vitro studies. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:687-695. [PMID: 36017657 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at performing a systematic review of the literature on the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on Streptococcus mutans planktonic cultures and biofilms. The selected references demonstrated that EGCG suppresses S. mutans acid production by inhibiting the activity of enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase and FIF0-ATPase. Regarding virulence factors, one study reported a reduction in soluble and insoluble polysaccharide synthesis, another demonstrated that EGCG inhibited GTase activity, and another showed effects of EGCG on the expression of gtf B, C, and D. The effects of EGCG on S. mutans biofilms were reported only by 2 of the selected studies. Moreover, high variability in effective concentrations and microbial assessment methods were observed. The literature suggests that EGCG has effects against S. mutans planktonic cells viability and virulence factors. However, the literature lacks studies with appropriate biofilm models to evaluate the precise effectiveness of EGCG against S. mutans biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gerusa Brito Aragão
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Patrícia Aires
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Yang S, Lyu X, Zhang J, Shui Y, Yang R, Xu X. The Application of Small Molecules to the Control of Typical Species Associated With Oral Infectious Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:816386. [PMID: 35265531 PMCID: PMC8899129 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.816386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral microbial dysbiosis is the major causative factor for common oral infectious diseases including dental caries and periodontal diseases. Interventions that can lessen the microbial virulence and reconstitute microbial ecology have drawn increasing attention in the development of novel therapeutics for oral diseases. Antimicrobial small molecules are a series of natural or synthetic bioactive compounds that have shown inhibitory effect on oral microbiota associated with oral infectious diseases. Novel small molecules, which can either selectively inhibit keystone microbes that drive dysbiosis of oral microbiota or inhibit the key virulence of the microbial community without necessarily killing the microbes, are promising for the ecological management of oral diseases. Here we discussed the research progress in the development of antimicrobial small molecules and delivery systems, with a particular focus on their antimicrobial activity against typical species associated with oral infectious diseases and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoying Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusen Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Yang, ; Xin Xu,
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Yang, ; Xin Xu,
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Fan X, Jiang C, Dai W, Jing H, Du X, Peng M, Zhang Y, Mo L, Wang L, Chen X, Lou Z, Wang H. Effects of different extraction on the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds of areca nut (husks and seeds). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yang S, Zhang J, Yang R, Xu X. Small Molecule Compounds, A Novel Strategy against Streptococcus mutans. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121540. [PMID: 34959495 PMCID: PMC8708136 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries, as a common oral infectious disease, is a worldwide public health issue. Oral biofilms are the main cause of dental caries. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is well recognized as the major causative factor of dental caries within oral biofilms. In addition to mechanical removal such as tooth brushing and flossing, the topical application of antimicrobial agents is necessarily adjuvant to the control of caries particularly for high-risk populations. The mainstay antimicrobial agents for caries such as chlorhexidine have limitations including taste confusions, mucosal soreness, tooth discoloration, and disruption of an oral microbial equilibrium. Antimicrobial small molecules are promising in the control of S. mutans due to good antimicrobial activity, good selectivity, and low toxicity. In this paper, we discussed the application of antimicrobial small molecules to the control of S. mutans, with a particular focus on the identification and development of active compounds and their modes of action against the growth and virulence of S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China; (S.Y.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (X.X.)
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