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Jeon YG, Nahmgoong H, Oh J, Lee D, Kim DW, Kim JE, Kim YY, Ji Y, Han JS, Kim SM, Sohn JH, Lee WT, Kim SW, Park J, Huh JY, Jo K, Cho JY, Park J, Kim JB. Ubiquitin ligase RNF20 coordinates sequential adipose thermogenesis with brown and beige fat-specific substrates. Nat Commun 2024; 15:940. [PMID: 38296968 PMCID: PMC10831072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) execute sequential thermogenesis to maintain body temperature during cold stimuli. BAT rapidly generates heat through brown adipocyte activation, and further iWAT gradually stimulates beige fat cell differentiation upon prolonged cold challenges. However, fat depot-specific regulatory mechanisms for thermogenic activation of two fat depots are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF20 orchestrates adipose thermogenesis with BAT- and iWAT-specific substrates. Upon cold stimuli, BAT RNF20 is rapidly downregulated, resulting in GABPα protein elevation by controlling protein stability, which stimulates thermogenic gene expression. Accordingly, BAT-specific Rnf20 suppression potentiates BAT thermogenic activity via GABPα upregulation. Moreover, upon prolonged cold stimuli, iWAT RNF20 is gradually upregulated to promote de novo beige adipogenesis. Mechanistically, iWAT RNF20 mediates NCoR1 protein degradation, rather than GABPα, to activate PPARγ. Together, current findings propose fat depot-specific regulatory mechanisms for temporal activation of adipose thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hahn Nahmgoong
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Bioengineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Dabin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jane Eunsoo Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yul Ji
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji Seul Han
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyung Sohn
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sun Won Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeu Park
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, South Korea
| | - Kyuri Jo
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Bioengineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Shi H, Qiao F, Lu W, Huang K, Wen Y, Ye L, Chen Y. Baicalin improved hepatic injury of NASH by regulating NRF2/HO-1/NRLP3 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kato H, Okabe K, Miyake M, Hattori K, Fukaya T, Tanimoto K, Beini S, Mizuguchi M, Torii S, Arakawa S, Ono M, Saito Y, Sugiyama T, Funatsu T, Sato K, Shimizu S, Oyadomari S, Ichijo H, Kadowaki H, Nishitoh H. ER-resident sensor PERK is essential for mitochondrial thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/3/e201900576. [PMID: 32029570 PMCID: PMC7010021 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in the function of brown adipocytes (BAs). Although mitochondrial biogenesis, which is indispensable for thermogenesis, is regulated by coordination between nuclear DNA transcription and mitochondrial DNA transcription, the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial development during BA differentiation are largely unknown. Here, we show the importance of the ER-resident sensor PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) in the mitochondrial thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue. During BA differentiation, PERK is physiologically phosphorylated independently of the ER stress. This PERK phosphorylation induces transcriptional activation by GA-binding protein transcription factor α subunit (GABPα), which is required for mitochondrial inner membrane protein biogenesis, and this novel role of PERK is involved in maintaining the body temperatures of mice during cold exposure. Our findings demonstrate that mitochondrial development regulated by the PERK-GABPα axis is indispensable for thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Kato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kohki Okabe
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Miyake
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hattori
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fukaya
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tanimoto
- Genome Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shi Beini
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Mizuguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Torii
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Arakawa
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Ono
- Department of Clinical Proteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saito
- Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Funatsu
- Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Sato
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, TMDU, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisae Kadowaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Nishitoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Hayashi R, Takeuchi N, Ueda T. Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2β (NRF-2β) recruits NRF-2α to the nucleus by binding to importin-α:β via an unusual monopartite-type nuclear localization signal. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:3536-48. [PMID: 23856623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF-2) is a mammalian transcription factor composed of two distinct and unrelated proteins: NRF-2α, which binds to DNA through its Ets domain, and NRF-2β, which contains the transcription activation domain. The activity of NRF-2 in neurons is regulated by nuclear localization; however, the mechanism by which NRF-2 is imported into the nucleus remains unknown. By using in vitro nuclear import assays and immuno-cytofluorescence, we dissect the nuclear import pathways of NRF-2. We show that both NRF-2α and NRF-2β contain intrinsic nuclear localization signals (NLSs): the Ets domain within NRF-2α and the NLS within NRF-2β (amino acids 311/321: EEPPAKRQCIE) that is recognized by importin-α:β. When NRF-2α and NRF-2β form a complex, the nuclear import of NRF-2αβ becomes strictly dependent on the NLS within NRF-2β. Therefore, the nuclear import mechanism of NRF-2 is unique among Ets factors. The NRF-2β NLS contains only two lysine/arginine residues, unlike other known importin-α:β-dependent NLSs. Using ELISA-based binding assays, we show that it is bound by importin-α in almost the same manner and with similar affinity to that of the classical monopartite NLSs, such as c-myc and SV40 T-antigen NLSs. However, the part of the tryptophan array of importin-α that is essential for the recognition of classical monopartite NLSs by generating apolar pockets for the P3 and the P5 lysine/arginine side chains is not required for the recognition of the NRF-2β NLS. We conclude that the NRF-2β NLS is an unusual but is, nevertheless, a bona fide monopartite-type NLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rippei Hayashi
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba Prefecture 277-8562, Japan.
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Scarpulla RC. Nucleus-encoded regulators of mitochondrial function: integration of respiratory chain expression, nutrient sensing and metabolic stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2011; 1819:1088-97. [PMID: 22080153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus-encoded regulatory factors are major contributors to mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Several act within the organelle to regulate mitochondrial transcription and translation while others direct the expression of nuclear genes encoding the respiratory chain and other oxidative functions. Loss-of-function studies for many of these factors reveal a wide spectrum of phenotypes. These range from embryonic lethality and severe respiratory chain deficiency to relatively mild mitochondrial defects seen only under conditions of physiological stress. The PGC-1 family of regulated coactivators (PGC-1α, PGC-1β and PRC) plays an important integrative role through their interactions with transcription factors (NRF-1, NRF-2, ERRα, CREB, YY1 and others) that control respiratory gene expression. In addition, recent evidence suggests that PGC-1 coactivators may balance the cellular response to oxidant stress by promoting a pro-oxidant environment or by orchestrating an inflammatory response to severe metabolic stress. These pathways may serve as essential links between the energy generating functions of mitochondria and the cellular REDOX environment associated with longevity, senescence and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Gene Expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Scarpulla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Huang CC, Chang WSW. Cooperation between NRF-2 and YY-1 transcription factors is essential for triggering the expression of the PREPL-C2ORF34 bidirectional gene pair. BMC Mol Biol 2009; 10:67. [PMID: 19575798 PMCID: PMC2713978 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-10-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many mammalian genes are organized as bidirectional (head-to-head) gene pairs with the two genes separated only by less than 1 kb. The transcriptional regulation of these bidirectional gene pairs remains largely unclear, but a few studies have suggested that the two closely adjacent genes in divergent orientation can be co-regulated by a single transcription factor binding to a specific regulatory fragment. Here we report an evolutionarily conserved bidirectional gene pair, known as the PREPL-C2ORF34 gene pair, whose transcription relies on the synergic cooperation of two transcription factors binding to an intergenic bidirectional minimal promoter. Results While PREPL is present primarily in brain and heart, C2ORF34 is ubiquitously and abundantly expressed in almost all tissues. Genomic analyses revealed that these two non-homologous genes are adjacent in a head-to-head configuration on human chromosome 2p21 and separated by only 405 bp. Within this short intergenic region, a 243-bp GC-rich segment was demonstrated to function as a bidirectional minimal promoter to initiate the transcription of both flanking genes. Two key transcription factors, NRF-2 and YY-1, were further identified to coordinately participate in driving both gene expressions in an additive manner. The functional cooperation between these two transcription factors, along with their genomic binding sites and some cis-acting repressive elements, are essential for the transcriptional activation and tissue distribution of the PREPL-C2ORF34 bidirectional gene pair. Conclusion This study provides new insights into the complex transcriptional mechanism of a mammalian head-to-head gene pair which requires cooperative binding of multiple transcription factors to a bidirectional minimal promoter of the shared intergenic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chang Huang
- 1Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
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Chen JQ, Cammarata PR, Baines CP, Yager JD. Regulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain biogenesis by estrogens/estrogen receptors and physiological, pathological and pharmacological implications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:1540-70. [PMID: 19559056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There has been increasing evidence pointing to the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) as a novel and important target for the actions of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) and estrogen receptors (ER) in a number of cell types and tissues that have high demands for mitochondrial energy metabolism. This novel E(2)-mediated mitochondrial pathway involves the cooperation of both nuclear and mitochondrial ERalpha and ERbeta and their co-activators on the coordinate regulation of both nuclear DNA- and mitochondrial DNA-encoded genes for MRC proteins. In this paper, we have: 1) comprehensively reviewed studies that reveal a novel role of estrogens and ERs in the regulation of MRC biogenesis; 2) discussed their physiological, pathological and pharmacological implications in the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis in relation to estrogen-mediated carcinogenesis, anti-cancer drug resistance in human breast cancer cells, neuroprotection for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease in brain, cardiovascular protection in human heart and their beneficial effects in lens physiology related to cataract in the eye; and 3) pointed out new research directions to address the key questions in this important and newly emerging area. We also suggest a novel conceptual approach that will contribute to innovative regimens for the prevention or treatment of a wide variety of medical complications based on E(2)/ER-mediated MRC biogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qiang Chen
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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