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Shrestha J, Santerre M, Allen CN, Arjona SP, Hooper R, Mukerjee R, Kaul M, Shcherbik N, Soboloff J, Sawaya BE. HIV-1 gp120 protein promotes HAND through the calcineurin pathway activation. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:31-40. [PMID: 36925028 PMCID: PMC10484070 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
For over two decades, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was able to help prolong the life expectancy of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) and eliminate the virus to an undetectable level. However, an increased prevalence of HIV- associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) was observed. These symptoms range from neuronal dysfunction to cell death. Among the markers of neuronal deregulation, we cite the alteration of synaptic plasticity and neuronal communications. Clinically, these dysfunctions led to neurocognitive disorders such as learning alteration and loss of spatial memory, which promote premature brain aging even in HAART-treated patients. In support of these observations, we showed that the gp120 protein deregulates miR-499-5p and its downstream target, the calcineurin (CaN) protein. The gp120 protein also promotes the accumulation of calcium (Ca2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the neurons leading to the activation of CaN and the inhibition of miR-499-5p. gp120 protein also caused mitochondrial fragmentation and changes in shape and size. The use of mimic miR-499 restored mitochondrial functions, appearance, and size. These results demonstrated the additional effect of the gp120 protein on neurons through the miR-499-5p/calcineurin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Shrestha
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab; FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Maryline Santerre
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab; FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Charles N Allen
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab; FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sterling P Arjona
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab; FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Robert Hooper
- FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ruma Mukerjee
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab; FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marcus Kaul
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA; Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, UCR, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Shcherbik
- Department for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Bassel E Sawaya
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab; FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine - Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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2
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Yu H, Chen Y, Ma H, Wang Z, Zhang R, Jiao J. TRPC6 mediates high glucose-induced mitochondrial fission through activation of CDK5 in cultured human podocytes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:984760. [PMID: 36213244 PMCID: PMC9535336 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.984760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the precise mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in DN remain unclear. Transient receptor potential canonical channel-6 (TRPC6), a non-selective cation channel permeable to Ca2+, has been shown to regulate mitochondrial dynamics. This study was therefore aimed to explore the regulatory role and mechanisms of TRPC6 in high glucose (HG)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes. Here we found that TRPC6 expression and TRPC6-induced Ca2+ influx were increased in HG-treated podocytes. Furthermore, the TRPC6 inhibitor and TRPC6 siRNA ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HG-treated podocytes. BAPTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelating agent, attenuated mitochondrial fission under HG conditions as well. Then, we found the activity of calpain and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was markedly enhanced in HG-treated podocytes, which can be blocked by pretreatment with the TRPC6 inhibitor. Calpain-1 inhibition by calpeptin or by calpain-1 siRNA transfection not only attenuated HG-induced mitochondrial fission but also reduced the activity of CDK5. Additionally, the CDK5 inhibitor and its siRNA decreased mitochondrial fragmentation in HG-treated podocytes. Collectively, we revealed the essential role of TRPC6 in regulating HG-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis through the calpain-1/CDK5 pathway in human podocytes, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomiao Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jundong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Jundong Jiao,
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LXR activation ameliorates high glucose stress-induced aberrant mitochondrial dynamics via downregulation of Calpain1 expression in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 614:145-152. [PMID: 35597151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver-X-receptor (LXR) has previously been shown to exert a cardioprotective effect against the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) associated with a reduction in mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism by which LXR activation attenuates the structural and functional mitochondrial impairments caused by high glucose (HG) stress remains unclear. We demonstrate here that LXR activation inhibits HG stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorates aberrant mitochondrial dynamics. Furthermore, LXR activation regulates mitochondrial dynamics by inhibiting HG stress-induced upregulation of Calpain1 expression. These data indicate that amelioration of Calpain1-mediated aberrant mitochondrial dynamics may be at least part of the mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effects of LXR against HG stress. Therefore, LXR is a potentially attractive molecular target for treating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with diabetes.
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4
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Miao Z, Miao Z, Teng X, Xu S. Chlorpyrifos triggers epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell pyroptosis via miR-124-3p/CAPN1 axis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127318. [PMID: 34879549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphorus pesticide has caused water pollution, threatening aquatic organisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) highly conserved noncoding RNAs, that regulate various cell death processes, including pyroptosis. To investigate the effect of CPF exposure on epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell pyroptosis and the role of the miR-124-3p/CAPN1 axis, we established miR-124 overexpression and inhibition EPC cell models of CPF exposure. The target of the miR-124-3p/CAPN1 axis was primarily confirmed by the double luciferase reporter assay. Pyroptosis was demonstrated to occur in CPF-exposed EPC cells and was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential depletion, ROS level elevation and pyroptotic indicator expression upregulation. PD150606 was supplied as a CAPN1 inhibitor, alleviating CPF-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and alleviating the increased expression of NLRP3, CASP1, IL1β and GSDMD. In conclusion, CPF induces pyroptosis by regulating the miR-124-3p/CAPN1 axis. This study enriches the cytotoxicity study of CPF, and provides new theoretical fundamentals for exploration of miRNA and its target protein response to water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiruo Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Shan S, Liu Z, Li L, Zhang C, Kou R, Song F. Calpain-mediated cleavage of mitochondrial fusion/fission proteins in acetaminophen-induced mice liver injury. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221108321. [PMID: 35713544 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221108321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction was considered to be a critical event in acetaminophen (APAP) -induced hepatotoxicity. Recent studies suggest that abnormal mitochondrial dynamics contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in APAP-induced liver injury, yet the underlying mechanisms responsible for deregulated mitochondrial dynamics remains elusive. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of acute liver injury via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with overdose of APAP. Furthermore, calpain intervention experiments were achieved by the inhibitors ALLN or calpeptin. The activity of serum enzymes and pathological changes of APAP-treated mice were evaluated, and the critical molecules in mitochondrial dynamics and calpain degradative pathway were determined by electron microscopy, immunoblot and calpain activity kit. The results demonstrated that APAP overdose resulted in a severe liver injury, mitochondrial damage and an obvious cleavage of fusion/fission proteins. Meanwhile, the activation of calpain degradative machinery in liver were observed following APAP. By contrast, pretreatment of calpain inhibitors significantly inhibited the activation of calpains. Our further investigation found that ALLN or calpeptin administration significantly suppresses the changes of mitochondrial dynamics in APAP-treated mice and finally protected against APAP-induced hepatoxicity. Overall, these results suggest that calpain-mediated cleavage of mitochondrial dynamics proteins was involved in the pathogenic process of mitochondrial dysfunction and thus present a potential molecular coupling APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Shan
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, 12589Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, 12589Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, 12589Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cuiqin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, 12589Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirui Kou
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, 12589Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, 12589Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Small-molecule suppression of calpastatin degradation reduces neuropathology in models of Huntington's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5305. [PMID: 34489447 PMCID: PMC8421361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common hallmark of neurological disorders, and reducing mitochondrial damage is considered a promising neuroprotective therapeutic strategy. Here, we used high-throughput small molecule screening to identify CHIR99021 as a potent enhancer of mitochondrial function. CHIR99021 improved mitochondrial phenotypes and enhanced cell viability in several models of Huntington’s disease (HD), a fatal inherited neurodegenerative disorder. Notably, CHIR99201 treatment reduced HD-associated neuropathology and behavioral defects in HD mice and improved mitochondrial function and cell survival in HD patient-derived neurons. Independent of its known inhibitory activity against glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), CHIR99021 treatment in HD models suppressed the proteasomal degradation of calpastatin (CAST), and subsequently inhibited calpain activation, a well-established effector of neural death, and Drp1, a driver of mitochondrial fragmentation. Our results established CAST-Drp1 as a druggable signaling axis in HD pathogenesis and highlighted CHIR99021 as a mitochondrial function enhancer and a potential lead for developing HD therapies. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common hallmark of neurological disorders. Here, the authors identify CHIR99021 as a potent enhancer of mitochondrial function, which improved mitochondrial phenotypes in Huntington’s disease models. CHIR99021 was shown to stabilize calpastatin, which suppressed calpain activation and Drp1-induced mitochondrial fragmentation.
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7
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Inhibition of calpain reduces cell apoptosis by suppressing mitochondrial fission in acute viral myocarditis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:487-504. [PMID: 34365571 PMCID: PMC9200683 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is critical for the development of viral myocarditis (VMC), which is one of the leading causes of cardiac sudden death in young adults. Our previous studies have demonstrated that elevated calpain activity is involved in the pathogenesis of VMC. This study aimed to further explore the underlying mechanisms. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and transgenic mice overexpressing calpastatin were infected with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) to establish a VMC model. Apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, and western blotting. Cardiac function was measured using echocardiography. Mitochondrial function was measured using ATP assays, JC-1, and MitoSOX. Mitochondrial morphology was observed using MitoTracker staining and transmission electron microscopy. Colocalization of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) in mitochondria was examined using immunofluorescence. Phosphorylation levels of Drp-1 at Ser637 site were determined using western blotting analysis. We found that CVB3 infection impaired mitochondrial function as evidenced by increased mitochondrial ROS production, decreased ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential, induced myocardial apoptosis and damage, and decreased myocardial function. These effects of CVB3 infection were attenuated by inhibition of calpain both by PD150606 treatment and calpastatin overexpression. Furthermore, CVB3-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with the accumulation of Drp-1 in the outer membrane of mitochondria and subsequent increase in mitochondrial fission. Mechanistically, calpain cleaved and activated calcineurin A, which dephosphorylated Drp-1 at Ser637 site and promoted its accumulation in the mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial fission and dysfunction. In summary, calpain inhibition attenuated CVB3-induced myocarditis by reducing mitochondrial fission, thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Graphical abstract Calpain is activated by CVB3 infection. Activated calpain cleaves calcineurin A and converts it to active form which could dephosphorylate Drp-1 at Ser637 site. Then, the active Drp-1 translocates from the cytoplasm to mitochondria and triggers excessive mitochondrial fission. Eventually, the balance of mitochondrial dynamics is broken, and apoptosis occurs. ![]()
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8
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Calpain-Mediated Mitochondrial Damage: An Emerging Mechanism Contributing to Cardiac Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082024. [PMID: 34440793 PMCID: PMC8392834 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains belong to the family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases expressed ubiquitously in mammals and many other organisms. Activation of calpain is observed in diseased hearts and is implicated in cardiac cell death, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have revealed that calpains target and impair mitochondria in cardiac disease. The objective of this review is to discuss the role of calpains in mediating mitochondrial damage and the underlying mechanisms, and to evaluate whether targeted inhibition of mitochondrial calpain is a potential strategy in treating cardiac disease. We expect to describe the wealth of new evidence surrounding calpain-mediated mitochondrial damage to facilitate future mechanistic studies and therapy development for cardiac disease.
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9
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Wang Y, Li X, Zhao F. MCU-Dependent mROS Generation Regulates Cell Metabolism and Cell Death Modulated by the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 Signaling Pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:674986. [PMID: 34307407 PMCID: PMC8299052 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.674986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is an intensively investigated calcium channel, and its molecular components, structural features, and encoded genes have long been explored. Further studies have shown that the mitochondrial calcium unidirectional transporter (MCU) is a macromolecular complex related to intracellular and extracellular calcium regulation. Based on the current understanding, the MCU is crucial for maintaining cytosolic Ca2+ (cCa2+) homeostasis by modulating mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) uptake. The elevation of MCU-induced calcium levels is confirmed to be the main cause of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) generation, which leads to disordered cellular metabolic patterns and cell death. In particular, in an I/R injury model, cancer cells, and adipocytes, MCU expression is maintained at high levels. As is well accepted, the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway is believed to have an affinity for mROS formation and energy consumption. Therefore, we identified a link between MCU-related mROS formation and the AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 signaling pathway in controlling cell metabolism and cell death, which may provide a new possibility of targeting the MCU to reverse relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengchao Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Hyatt HW, Ozdemir M, Yoshihara T, Nguyen BL, Deminice R, Powers SK. Calpains play an essential role in mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic weakness and mitochondrial dysfunction. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101802. [PMID: 33279868 PMCID: PMC7724197 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving intervention for many critically ill patients. Unfortunately, an unintended consequence of prolonged MV is the rapid development of diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction, known as ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Although the mechanism(s) responsible for VIDD are not fully understood, abundant evidence reveals that oxidative stress leading to the activation of the major proteolytic systems (i.e., autophagy, ubiquitin-proteasome, caspase, and calpain) plays a dominant role. Of the proteolytic systems involved in VIDD, calpain has received limited experimental attention due to the longstanding dogma that calpain plays a minor role in inactivity-induced muscle atrophy. Guided by preliminary experiments, we tested the hypothesis that activation of calpains play an essential role in MV-induced oxidative stress and the development of VIDD. This premise was rigorously tested by transgene overexpression of calpastatin, an endogenous inhibitor of calpains. Animals with/without transfection of the calpastatin gene in diaphragm muscle fibers were exposed to 12 h of MV. Results confirmed that overexpression of calpastatin barred MV-induced activation of calpain in diaphragm fibers. Importantly, deterrence of calpain activation protected the diaphragm against MV-induced oxidative stress, fiber atrophy, and contractile dysfunction. Moreover, prevention of calpain activation in the diaphragm forstalled MV-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and prevented MV-induced activation of caspase-3 along with the transcription of muscle specific E3 ligases. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that calpain activation plays an essential role in the early development of VIDD. Further, these findings provide the first direct evidence that calpain plays an important function in inactivity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle fibers. Inhibiting calpains during mechanical ventilation protects the diaphragm. Calpains play an important role in muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Calpain inhibition during mechanical ventilation prevents mitochondrial dysfunction. Calpain-cleaved molecules may play important signaling roles. Calpain activation cross-talks with other proteolytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden W Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Exercise Physiology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Branden L Nguyen
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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11
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Wolf C, López del Amo V, Arndt S, Bueno D, Tenzer S, Hanschmann EM, Berndt C, Methner A. Redox Modifications of Proteins of the Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission Machinery. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040815. [PMID: 32230997 PMCID: PMC7226787 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fusion and fission tailors the mitochondrial shape to changes in cellular homeostasis. Players of this process are the mitofusins, which regulate fusion of the outer mitochondrial membrane, and the fission protein DRP1. Upon specific stimuli, DRP1 translocates to the mitochondria, where it interacts with its receptors FIS1, MFF, and MID49/51. Another fission factor of clinical relevance is GDAP1. Here, we identify and discuss cysteine residues of these proteins that are conserved in phylogenetically distant organisms and which represent potential sites of posttranslational redox modifications. We reveal that worms and flies possess only a single mitofusin, which in vertebrates diverged into MFN1 and MFN2. All mitofusins contain four conserved cysteines in addition to cysteine 684 in MFN2, a site involved in mitochondrial hyperfusion. DRP1 and FIS1 are also evolutionarily conserved but only DRP1 contains four conserved cysteine residues besides cysteine 644, a specific site of nitrosylation. MFF and MID49/51 are only present in the vertebrate lineage. GDAP1 is missing in the nematode genome and contains no conserved cysteine residues. Our analysis suggests that the function of the evolutionarily oldest proteins of the mitochondrial fusion and fission machinery, the mitofusins and DRP1 but not FIS1, might be altered by redox modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (C.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Víctor López del Amo
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Sabine Arndt
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Diones Bueno
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (C.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (E.-M.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (E.-M.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Axel Methner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (C.W.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Guan L, Che Z, Meng X, Yu Y, Li M, Yu Z, Shi H, Yang D, Yu M. MCU Up-regulation contributes to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion Injury through calpain/OPA-1-mediated mitochondrial fusion/mitophagy Inhibition. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7830-7843. [PMID: 31502361 PMCID: PMC6815825 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamic disorder is involved in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. To explore the effect of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) on mitochondrial dynamic imbalance under I/R and its related signal pathways, a mouse myocardial I/R model and hypoxia/reoxygenation model of mouse cardiomyocytes were established. The expression of MCU during I/R increased and related to myocardial injury, enhancement of mitochondrial fission, inhibition of mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy. Suppressing MCU functions by Ru360 during I/R could reduce myocardial infarction area and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, alleviate mitochondrial fission and restore mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy. However, spermine administration, which could enhance MCU function, deteriorated the above-mentioned myocardial cell injury and mitochondrial dynamic imbalanced. In addition, up-regulation of MCU promoted the expression and activation of calpain-1/2 and down-regulated the expression of Optic atrophy type 1 (OPA1). Meantime, in transgenic mice (overexpression calpastatin, the endogenous inhibitor of calpain) I/R model and OPA1 knock-down cultured cell. In I/R models of transgenic mice over-expressing calpastatin, which is the endogenous inhibitor of calpain, and in H/R models with siOPA1 transfection, inhibition of calpains could enhance mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy, and inhibit excessive mitochondrion fission and apoptosis through OPA1. Therefore, we conclude that during I/R, MCU up-regulation induces calpain activation, which down-regulates OPA1, consequently leading to mitochondrial dynamic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimei Che
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Shi, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Shi, China
| | - Ziqin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Shi, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Shi, China
| | - Dicheng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhai S, Hu X, Ji Z, Qin H, Wang Z, Hu Y, Xing D. Pulsed Microwave-Pumped Drug-Free Thermoacoustic Therapy by Highly Biocompatible and Safe Metabolic Polyarginine Probes. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1728-1735. [PMID: 30734565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Serious side effects are plaguing traditional chemotherapy, and the development of drug-free treatment is expected to ease the dilemma. Herein, drug-free polyarginine probes are fabricated from the co-polymerization of arginine monomer and slight amount of rhodamine B monomer, which are efficient for thermoacoustic imaging and therapy with high biocompatibility and safe metabolism. Polyarginine can be strongly pumped upon pulsed microwave irradiation, generating significant thermoacoustic shockwaves, namely thermocavitation, which can in situ destroy mitochondria to initiate programmed cancer cell apoptosis. In vivo explorations demonstrate the high theranostic efficiency for cancer thermoacoustic imaging and cancer inhibition, exhibiting low systemic cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility after systemic administration. Herein, pulsed microwave-pumped biocompatible polyarginine is promising for drug-free precision theranostics without any detectable side effects, and the deep penetration potency of microwave makes it potentially able to treat deep-seated diseases in future biomedicine.
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Vo TM, Burchett R, Brun M, Monckton EA, Poon HY, Godbout R. Effects of nuclear factor I phosphorylation on calpastatin ( CAST) gene variant expression and subcellular distribution in malignant glioma cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:1173-1188. [PMID: 30504225 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma (MG) is the most lethal primary brain tumor. In addition to having inherent resistance to radiation treatment and chemotherapy, MG cells are highly infiltrative, rendering focal therapies ineffective. Genes involved in MG cell migration and glial cell differentiation are up-regulated by hypophosphorylated nuclear factor I (NFI), which is dephosphorylated by the phosphatase calcineurin in MG cells. Calcineurin is cleaved and thereby activated by calpain proteases, which are, in turn, inhibited by calpastatin (CAST). Here, we show that the CAST gene is a target of NFI and has NFI-binding sites in its intron 3 region. We also found that NFI-mediated regulation of CAST depends on NFI's phosphorylation state. We noted that occupation of CAST intron 3 by hypophosphorylated NFI results in increased activation of an alternative promoter. This activation resulted in higher levels of CAST transcript variants, leading to increased levels of CAST protein that lacks the N-terminal XL domain. CAST was primarily present in the cytoplasm of NFI-hypophosphorylated MG cells, with a predominantly perinuclear immunostaining pattern. NFI knockdown in NFI-hypophosphorylated MG cells increased CAST levels at the plasma membrane. These results suggest that NFI plays an integral role in the regulation of CAST variants and CAST subcellular distribution. Along with the previous findings indicating that NFI activity is regulated by calcineurin, these results provide a foundation for further investigations into the possibility of regulatory cross-talk between NFI and the CAST/calpain/calcineurin signaling pathway in MG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- The Minh Vo
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Rebecca Burchett
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Miranda Brun
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Monckton
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Ho-Yin Poon
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada.
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Methamphetamine toxicity-induced calcineurin activation, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells and elevation of cyclooxygenase 2 levels are averted by calpastatin overexpression in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:287-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Tan EP, McGreal SR, Graw S, Tessman R, Koppel SJ, Dhakal P, Zhang Z, Machacek M, Zachara NE, Koestler DC, Peterson KR, Thyfault JP, Swerdlow RH, Krishnamurthy P, DiTacchio L, Apte U, Slawson C. Sustained O-GlcNAcylation reprograms mitochondrial function to regulate energy metabolism. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14940-14962. [PMID: 28739801 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.797944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondria and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote chronic diseases, which have spurred interest in the molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions. Previously, we have demonstrated that disruption of post-translational modification of proteins with β-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) via overexpression of the O-GlcNAc-regulating enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) or O-GlcNAcase (OGA) impairs mitochondrial function. Here, we report that sustained alterations in O-GlcNAcylation either by pharmacological or genetic manipulation also alter metabolic function. Sustained O-GlcNAc elevation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells increased OGA expression and reduced cellular respiration and ROS generation. Cells with elevated O-GlcNAc levels had elongated mitochondria and increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and RNA-sequencing analysis indicated transcriptome reprogramming and down-regulation of the NRF2-mediated antioxidant response. Sustained O-GlcNAcylation in mouse brain and liver validated the metabolic phenotypes observed in the cells, and OGT knockdown in the liver elevated ROS levels, impaired respiration, and increased the NRF2 antioxidant response. Moreover, elevated O-GlcNAc levels promoted weight loss and lowered respiration in mice and skewed the mice toward carbohydrate-dependent metabolism as determined by indirect calorimetry. In summary, sustained elevation in O-GlcNAcylation coupled with increased OGA expression reprograms energy metabolism, a finding that has potential implications for the etiology, development, and management of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Phie Tan
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhen Zhang
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Miranda Machacek
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- the Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | | | | | | | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center and.,University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, Kansas 64108 and
| | - Partha Krishnamurthy
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics.,University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, Kansas 64108 and
| | | | | | - Chad Slawson
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, .,University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, Kansas 64108 and
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17
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Chetsawang J, Mukda S, Srimokra R, Govitrapong P, Chetsawang B. Role of Melatonin in Reducing Amphetamine-Induced Degeneration in Substantia Nigra of Rats via Calpain and Calpastatin Interaction. J Exp Neurosci 2017; 11:1179069517719237. [PMID: 29104429 PMCID: PMC5562346 DOI: 10.1177/1179069517719237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive intracellular calcium levels induce calpain activation, thereby triggering the cell death cascade. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated the neuroprotective role of the overexpression of calpain inhibitor, calpastatin. In this study, amphetamine-induced degeneration in the substantia nigra of rats was determined by evaluating the decrease in the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation. Amphetamine significantly decreased calpastatin levels but increased calpain levels. An induction in calpain activity was demonstrated by an increase in the formation of calpain spectrin breakdown products. The deleterious effects of amphetamine exposure were diminished in rats by pretreatment with melatonin. In addition, the effect of melatonin on calpastatin expression was investigated in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Melatonin was able to increase the calpastatin levels, and this effect could be blocked by luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist. These results demonstrate the neuroprotective ability of melatonin and its role in inducing calpastatin expression via a receptor-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapa Chetsawang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Rachneekorn Srimokra
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Banthit Chetsawang
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Shah SZA, Hussain T, Zhao D, Yang L. A central role for calcineurin in protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1061-1074. [PMID: 27682820 PMCID: PMC11107525 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded/unfolded aggregated proteins in the brain is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animals. Dysregulation of calcium (Ca2+) and disruption of fast axonal transport (FAT) are early pathological events that lead to loss of synaptic integrity and axonal degeneration in early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Dysregulated Ca2+ in the brain is triggered by accumulation of misfolded/unfolded aggregated proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a major Ca2+ storing organelle, ultimately leading to neuronal dysfunction and apoptosis. Calcineurin (CaN), a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase, has been implicated in T cells activation through the induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). In addition to the involvement of several other signaling cascades, CaN has been shown to play a role in early synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. Therefore, inhibiting hyperactivated CaN in early stages of disease might be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating patients with protein misfolding diseases. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure of CaN, inhibition mechanisms by which immunosuppressants inhibit CaN, role of CaN in maintaining neuronal and synaptic integrity and homeostasis and the role played by CaN in protein unfolding/misfolding neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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