1
|
Xie X, Lan Q, Zhao J, Zhang S, Liu L, Zhang Y, Xu W, Shao M, Peng J, Xia S, Zhu Y, Zhang K, Zhang X, Zhang R, Li J, Dai W, Ge Z, Hu S, Yu C, Wang J, Ma D, Zheng M, Yang H, Xiao G, Rao Z, Lu L, Zhang L, Bai F, Zhao Y, Jiang S, Liu H. Structure-based design of pan-coronavirus inhibitors targeting host cathepsin L and calpain-1. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:54. [PMID: 38443334 PMCID: PMC10914734 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory disease caused by coronavirus infection remains a global health crisis. Although several SARS-CoV-2-specific vaccines and direct-acting antivirals are available, their efficacy on emerging coronaviruses in the future, including SARS-CoV-2 variants, might be compromised. Host-targeting antivirals provide preventive and therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance and manage future outbreak of emerging coronaviruses. Cathepsin L (CTSL) and calpain-1 (CAPN1) are host cysteine proteases which play crucial roles in coronaviral entrance into cells and infection-related immune response. Here, two peptidomimetic α-ketoamide compounds, 14a and 14b, were identified as potent dual target inhibitors against CTSL and CAPN1. The X-ray crystal structures of human CTSL and CAPN1 in complex with 14a and 14b revealed the covalent binding of α-ketoamide groups of 14a and 14b to C25 of CTSL and C115 of CAPN1. Both showed potent and broad-spectrum anticoronaviral activities in vitro, and it is worth noting that they exhibited low nanomolar potency against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOCs) with EC50 values ranging from 0.80 to 161.7 nM in various cells. Preliminary mechanistic exploration indicated that they exhibited anticoronaviral activity through blocking viral entrance. Moreover, 14a and 14b exhibited good oral pharmacokinetic properties in mice, rats and dogs, and favorable safety in mice. In addition, both 14a and 14b treatments demonstrated potent antiviral potency against SARS-CoV-2 XBB 1.16 variant infection in a K18-hACE2 transgenic mouse model. And 14b also showed effective antiviral activity against HCoV-OC43 infection in a mouse model with a final survival rate of 60%. Further evaluation showed that 14a and 14b exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory effects in Raw 264.7 mouse macrophages and in mice with acute pneumonia. Taken together, these results suggested that 14a and 14b are promising drug candidates, providing novel insight into developing pan-coronavirus inhibitors with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Xie
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiaoshuai Lan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinyi Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Maolin Shao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jingjing Peng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xian Lin Road, Jiangsu, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ruxue Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jian Li
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xian Lin Road, Jiangsu, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Dai
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Ge
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xian Lin Road, Jiangsu, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Shulei Hu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changyue Yu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dakota Ma
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xian Lin Road, Jiangsu, 210023, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zihe Rao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leike Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Fang Bai
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Yao Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, China.
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xian Lin Road, Jiangsu, 210023, Nanjing, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Orihara K, Kobayashi-Otsugu M, Nakajima E, Walkup RD, Wilson DJ, Shearer TR, Azuma M. Calpain-specific breakdown fragment in human drusen. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:165-175. [PMID: 37314158 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE With aging and age-related macular dystrophy (AMD), proteolytic fragments are deposited in extracellular drusen located between the RPE and Bruch's membrane. Localized hypoxia may be a risk factor for AMD. Our hypothesis is that following hypoxia, activation of proteolytic enzymes called calpains may cause proteolysis/degeneration of retinal cells and RPE. No direct evidence has yet demonstrated activation of calpains in AMD. The purpose of the present study was to identify calpain-cleaved proteins in drusen. METHODS Seventy-six (76) drusen were analyzed in human eye sections from six normal and twelve AMD human donor eyes. The sections were subjected to immunofluorescence for the calpain-specific 150 kDa breakdown product from α-spectrin, SBDP150 - a marker for calpain activation, and for recoverin - a marker for photoreceptor cells. RESULTS Among 29 nodular drusen, 80% from normal eyes and 90% from AMD eyes stained positive for SBDP150. Among 47 soft drusen, mostly from AMD eyes, 72% stained positive for SBDP150. Thus, the majority of both soft and nodular drusen from AMD donors contained SBDP150. CONCLUSIONS SBDP150 was detected for the first time in soft and nodular drusen from human donors. Our results suggest that calpain-induced proteolysis participates in the degeneration of photoreceptors and/or RPE cells during aging and AMD. Calpain inhibitors may ameliorate AMD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Orihara
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Portland, OR, USA
| | - Momoko Kobayashi-Otsugu
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emi Nakajima
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ryan D Walkup
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David J Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Thomas R Shearer
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mitsuyoshi Azuma
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Uryash A, Mijares A, Lopez CE, Adams JA, Allen PD, Lopez JR. Post-Anesthesia Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice Is Associated with an Age-Related Increase in Neuronal Intracellular [Ca 2+]-Neuroprotective Effect of Reducing Intracellular [Ca 2+]: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Cells 2024; 13:264. [PMID: 38334656 PMCID: PMC10854970 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common disorder after general anesthesia in elderly patients, the precise mechanisms of which remain unclear. Methods: We investigated the effect of isoflurane with or without dantrolene pretreatment on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leak, calpain activity, and cognitive function using the Morris water maze test of young (3 months), middle-aged (12-13 months), and aged (24-25 months) C57BL6/J mice. Results: Aged cortical and hippocampal neurons showed chronically elevated [Ca2+]i compared to young neurons. Furthermore, aged hippocampal neurons exhibited higher ROS production, increased LDH leak, and elevated calpain activity. Exposure to isoflurane exacerbated these markers in aged neurons, contributing to increased cognitive deficits in aged mice. Dantrolene pretreatment reduced [Ca2+]i for all age groups and prevented or significantly mitigated the effects of isoflurane on [Ca2+]i, ROS production, LDH leak, and calpain activity in aged neurons. Dantrolene also normalized or improved age-associated cognitive deficits and mitigated the cognitive deficits caused by isoflurane. Conclusions: These findings suggest that isoflurane-induced cytotoxicity and cognitive decline in aging are linked to disruptions in neuronal intracellular processes, highlighting the reduction of [Ca2+]i as a potential therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL 33140, USA; (A.U.); (J.A.A.)
| | - Alfredo Mijares
- Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas 1020, Venezuela;
| | | | - Jose A. Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL 33140, USA; (A.U.); (J.A.A.)
| | - Paul D. Allen
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK;
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu W, Wang L, Ren WY, Xu HX, Wu NN, Yu DH, Reiter RJ, Zha WL, Guo QD, Ren J. SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin alleviates cardiac remodeling and contractile anomalies in a FUNDC1-dependent manner in experimental Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:87-97. [PMID: 37679644 PMCID: PMC10770167 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence shows a close link between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cardiac dysfunction with limited treatment options. Mitophagy plays a crucial role in the control of mitochondrial quantity, metabolic reprogramming and cell differentiation. Mutation of the mitophagy protein Parkin is directly associated with the onset of PD. Parkin-independent receptor-mediated mitophagy is also documented such as BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) for receptor-mediated mitophagy. In this study we investigated cardiac function and mitophagy including FUNDC1 in PD patients and mouse models, and evaluated the therapeutic potential of a SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin. MPTP-induced PD model was established. PD patients and MPTP mice not only displayed pronounced motor defects, but also low plasma FUNDC1 levels, as well as cardiac ultrastructural and geometric anomalies (cardiac atrophy, interstitial fibrosis), functional anomalies (reduced E/A ratio, fractional shortening, ejection fraction, cardiomyocyte contraction) and mitochondrial injury (ultrastructural damage, UCP2, PGC1α, elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake proteins MCU and VDAC1, and mitochondrial apoptotic protein calpain), dampened autophagy, FUNDC1 mitophagy and apoptosis. By Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found overtly altered glucose transmembrane transport in the midbrains of MPTP-treated mice. Intriguingly, administration of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (10 mg/kg, i.p., twice per week for 2 weeks) in MPTP-treated mice significantly ameliorated myocardial anomalies (with exception of VDAC1), but did not reconcile the motor defects or plasma FUNDC1. FUNDC1 global knockout (FUNDC1-/- mice) did not elicit any phenotype on cardiac geometry or function in the absence or presence of MPTP insult, but it nullified empagliflozin-caused cardioprotection against MPTP-induced cardiac anomalies including remodeling (atrophy and fibrosis), contractile dysfunction, Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial (including MCU, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, calpain, PARP1) and apoptotic anomalies. In neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes, treatment with PD neurotoxin preformed fibrils of α-synuclein (PFF) caused cytochrome c release and cardiomyocyte mechanical defects. These effects were mitigated by empagliflozin (10 μM) or MCU inhibitor Ru360 (10 μM). MCU activator kaempferol (10 μM) or calpain activator dibucaine (500 μM) nullified the empagliflozin-induced beneficial effects. These results suggest that empagliflozin protects against PD-induced cardiac anomalies, likely through FUNDC1-mediated regulation of mitochondrial integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of South Hubei Province, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei-Ying Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hai-Xia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong-Hui Yu
- Xianning Central Hospital, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Liang Zha
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
| | - Qing-Dong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alageel AA, Alshammary AF, Ali Khan I. Molecular role of non-exonic variants in CALPAIN 10 gene in polycystic ovarian syndrome in Saudi women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1303747. [PMID: 38213994 PMCID: PMC10783934 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1303747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-diabetic women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) often have abnormal insulin regulation. Calpain 10 (CALP10) is a biomarker of type 2 diabetes mellitus, with some of its single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influencing PCOS development. Methods In this case-control study on 90 women each with and without PCOS, we explored the molecular role of five CALP10 SNPs using biochemical parameters and Sanger sequencing analyses. Results Different genetic models, genotypes, and allele frequencies were significantly associated with UCSNP-19 (rs3842570; p=0.01), UCSNP-44 (rs2975760; p=0.009), UCSNP-56 (rs2975762; p<0.0001), and UCSNP-63 (rs5030952; p=0.0003) in women with PCOS. The multiple logistic regression model showed a strong association of CALP10 SNPs with fasting blood glucose (p<0.001). ANOVA showed significant associations with various biochemical parameters such as FSH (p=0.0001) in UCSNP-19 (rs3842570), FI (p=0.002), TG (p=0.01) in UCSNP-56 (rs2975762) and FBG (p=0.001), FI (p=0.004), FSH (p=0.02) & LDLc (p=0.04) in UCSNP-63 (rs5030952) SNPs. Haplotype analysis also revealed significant associations between different combinations of alleles in the studied 5 SNPs in women with PCOS (p<0.05). Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis showed the best gene-gene interactions among the five SNPs in CALP10I (p<0.05). However, dendrogram and graphical depletion models found no strong association in women with PCOS. Conclusion In conclusion, this study confirms rs3842570, rs2975760, rs2975767, and rs5030952 SNPs in CALP10 gene is associated in diagnosed PCOS women in the Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Imran Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu MR, Wang HR, Han FX, Cai ZL, Wang JJ, Guo MY. Polyethylene microplastics cause apoptosis via the MiR-132/CAPN axis and inflammation in carp ovarian. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 265:106780. [PMID: 38041969 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed pollutants in the environment and accumulate in the aquatic environment due to human activities. Carp, a common edible aquatic organism, has been found to accumulate MPs in body. MicroRNA (miRNAs) is a non-coding short RNA that regulates protein expression by binding to target genes in various physiological processes such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The ovary is a crucial role in carp reproduction. In this study, we established a model of carp exposed to polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) in the aquatic environment to investigate the specific mechanism of PE-MPs causing ovarian injury and the involvement of miR-132/calpain (CAPN) axis. H&E stained sections revealed that PE-PMs induced inflammation in ovarian tissues and impaired oocyte development. TUNEL analysis showed an increased rate of apoptosis in ovarian cells treated with PE-PMs. RT-PCR and Western Blot assays confirmed that exposure to PE-MPs significantly decreased miR-132 expression while increasing CAPN expression at both mRNA and protein levels. The concentration of calcium ions was significantly increased in tissues, leading to CAPN enzyme activity increase. The expression of mitochondrial damage-related genes (bax, AIF, cyt-c, caspase-7, caspase-9, and caspase-3) was higher while the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (bcl-2 and bcl-xl) was lower. Protein levels of bax, AIF, caspase-3, bcl-2 and bcl-xl changed accordingly with the genetic alterations. Additionally, we discovered that PE-MPs can activate the p65 factor through the TRAF6/NF-kB pathway resulting in elevated production of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-a which contribute to ovarian inflammation development. This study investigates the impact of PE-MPs on carp ovarian function and provides insights into miRNAs' role and their target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ran Zhu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hong-Ru Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fu-Xin Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhao-Long Cai
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Meng-Yao Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Chen K, Shou Y, Li S, Wang J, Zhang Q, Huang Z, Xu J, Li M, Liu D, Liang H, Yang H, Zhang X. circRARS synergises with IGF2BP3 to regulate RNA methylation recognition to promote tumour progression in renal cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1512. [PMID: 38073586 PMCID: PMC10711645 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most prominent RNA modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) participates in the regulation of tumour initiation and progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) also play crucial roles in ubiquitous life processes. Whether circRNAs are required for m6 A regulation in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. Meta-analysis and bioinformatics identified that IGF2BP3 was upregulated in RCC and indicated a worse prognosis. IGF2BP3 significantly promoted RCC progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circRARS bound to KH1-KH2 domains of IGF2BP3 to enhance m6 A modification recognition. A 12-nt sequence (GUCUUCCAGCAA) was proven to be the IGF2BP3-binding site of circRARS. Additionally, CAPN15, CD44, HMGA2, TNRC6A and ZMIZ2 were screened to be the target genes regulated by the IGF2BP3/circRARS complex in an m6 A-dependent manner. Stabiliser proteins, including HuR, Matrin3 and pAbPC1, were recruited by circRARS, thereby increasing the mRNA stability of the forementioned five target genes. Consequently, the IGF2BP3/circRARS complex facilitated the lipid accumulation of RCC cells and promoted sunitinib resistance via target genes. circRARS synergised with IGF2BP3 to facilitate m6 A recognition, thereby promoting RCC progression. Thus, IGF2BP3 could be a potential biomarker for RCC diagnosis and prognosis and a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuenan Liu
- Department of UrologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Institute of UrologyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Kailei Chen
- Department of UrologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Institute of UrologyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Yi Shou
- Department of UrologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Institute of UrologyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Department of UrologySir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of UrologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Institute of UrologyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of UrologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Institute of UrologyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Jiaju Xu
- Department of UrologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Institute of UrologyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Mingfeng Li
- Department of UrologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Institute of UrologyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of UrologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Institute of UrologyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Huageng Liang
- Department of UrologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Institute of UrologyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic BiologySchool of Basic MedicineHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of UrologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Institute of UrologyTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanP. R. China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research InstituteShenzhenP. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao D, Zheng J, Li Z, Yu Y, Chen Z, Wang Q. ACSL4 inhibition prevents macrophage ferroptosis and alleviates fibrosis in bleomycin-induced systemic sclerosis model. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:212. [PMID: 37884942 PMCID: PMC10601156 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc), with unclear pathophysiology, is a paradigmatic rheumatic disease of immunity dysfunction-driven multi-organ inflammation and ultimate fibrosis. Pathogenesis breakthroughs are urgently needed for available treatments halting its unremitting stiffness. This study aims to investigate whether ferroptosis can regulate the progressive SSc fibrosis. METHODS In vivo, bleomycin (BLM)-induced mice model was subjected to ferroptosis detection using western blotting, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) assays. Pharmacological inhibitor of the acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) was utilized to explore its potential therapeutic effects for fibrosis, from histological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. In vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were activated into inflammatory phenotype and then the relationship was evaluated between activation level and ferroptosis sensitivity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) incubation with gradient concentrations. The potential calpain/ACSL4 axis was analyzed after calpain knockdown or over-expression in Raw264.7. RESULTS Both skin and lung tissue ferroptosis were present in SSc mice with enhanced ACSL4 expression, while ACSL4 inhibition effectively halted fibrosis progressing and provides protection from inflammatory milieu. Meanwhile, a positive regulation relationship between LPS-induced macrophage activity and ferroptosis sensitivity can be observed. After calpain knockdown, both inflammatory macrophage ferroptosis sensitivity and ACSL4 expression decreased, while its over-expression renders ACSL4-envoking condition. Also, calpain pharmacological inhibition reduced both ferroptosis and fibrosis aptitude in mice. CONCLUSIONS ACSL4 induces inflammatory macrophage ferroptosis to aggravate fibrosis progressing. ACSL4 and its upregulators of calpains may be potential therapeutic targets for BLM model of SSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jina Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory Animal Division, Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zengrui Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Yuhuan People's Hospital, No. 18 Changle Road, Yucheng Street, Yuhuan City, Zhejiang, 317600, P.R. China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
van Wyk GL, Hoffman LC, Strydom PE, Frylinck L. Effect of sex (ram or wether) and short duration, high volt electrical stimulation on tenderisation of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum and Semimembranosus muscles derived from Boer Goat and large frame Indigenous Veld Goat. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109271. [PMID: 37499567 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study determined whether castration and electrical stimulation (ES) influenced chevon tenderness and related physiological characteristics in Boer Goat (BG; n = 36; 21 bucks and 15 wethers) and large frame Indigenous Veld Goat (IVG; n = 41; 21 bucks and 20 wethers). Half of buck and wether carcasses were ES (20s, 400 Volts peak, 5 ms pulses at 15 pulses/s) 10 min post-mortem. Dressed carcasses were chilled (4 °C within 1-h post-mortem). pH and temperature decline, % drip loss, sarcomere length (SL), myofibril fragmentation length (MFL; 1- and 4-days post-mortem), Calpain-1, -2 and calpastatin activities (1- and 24-h), Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF; 1-day post-mortem) and sensory attributes (tenderness and juiciness; 4-days post-mortem) were measured on Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and Semimembranosus (SM) muscles. ES carcasses had significantly lower pH irrespective of sex or breed. Buck LTL and SM were less tender (P ≤ 0.05) supported by longer MFL and higher calpastatin activity (P < 0.05), than wether muscles. ES LTL were more tender (WBSF and sensory) (P ≤ 0.001) while ES SM were less affected (P = 0.055). ES caused lower Calpain-1 activity in the LTL. SL do not support cold shortening and calpastatin played a major role in the tenderisation of chevon early post-mortem. A longer ageing period is recommended for goat meat in general to achieve acceptable levels of tenderness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gertruida L van Wyk
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Louwrens C Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Digital Agricultural Building, 8115, Office 110, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia
| | - Phillip E Strydom
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Lorinda Frylinck
- Animal Production, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kasamatsu H, Chino T, Hasegawa T, Utsunomiya N, Utsunomiya A, Yamada M, Oyama N, Hasegawa M. A cysteine proteinase inhibitor ALLN alleviates bleomycin-induced skin and lung fibrosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:156. [PMID: 37626391 PMCID: PMC10463804 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease that is characterized by fibrosis in the skin and internal organs, such as the lungs. Activated differentiation of progenitor cells, which are mainly resident fibroblasts, into myofibroblasts is considered a key mechanism underlying the overproduction of extracellular matrix and the resultant tissue fibrosis in SSc. Calpains are members of the Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease family, whose enzymatic activities participate in signal transduction and tissue remodeling, potentially contributing to fibrosis in various organs. However, the roles of calpain in the pathogenesis of SSc remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the anti-fibrotic properties of N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal (ALLN), one of the cysteine proteinase inhibitors that primarily inhibit calpain, in vitro and in vivo, to optimally translate into the therapeutic utility in human SSc. METHODS Normal human dermal and lung fibroblasts pretreated with ALLN were stimulated with recombinant transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), followed by assessment of TGF-β1/Smad signaling and fibrogenic molecules. RESULTS ALLN treatment significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation and nuclear transport of Smad2/3 in skin and lung fibroblasts. TGF-β1-dependent increases in α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), collagen type I, fibronectin 1, and some mesenchymal transcription markers were attenuated by ALLN. Moreover, our findings suggest that ALLN inhibits TGF-β1-induced mesenchymal transition in human lung epithelial cells. Consistent with these in vitro findings, administering ALLN (3 mg/kg/day) three times a week intraperitoneally remarkably suppressed the development of skin and lung fibrosis in a SSc mouse model induced by daily subcutaneous bleomycin injection. The number of skin- and lung-infiltrating CD3+ T cells decreased in ALLN-treated mice compared with that in control-treated mice. Phosphorylation of Smad3 and/or an increase in αSMA-positive myofibroblasts was significantly inhibited by ALLN treatment on the skin and lungs. However, no adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results prove that calpains can be a novel therapeutic target for skin and lung fibrosis in SSc, considering its inhibitor ALLN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-Cho, Yoshida-Gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Takenao Chino
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-Cho, Yoshida-Gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-Cho, Yoshida-Gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Natsuko Utsunomiya
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-Cho, Yoshida-Gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Akira Utsunomiya
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-Cho, Yoshida-Gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Masami Yamada
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-Cho, Yoshida-Gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Noritaka Oyama
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-Cho, Yoshida-Gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-Cho, Yoshida-Gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li ZH, Li ZR, Zhu P, Zhang ZX, Song JL. First Identification and Pathogenicity Evaluation of an EV-G17 Strain Carrying a Torovirus Papain-like Cysteine Protease (PLCP) Gene in China. Viruses 2023; 15:1747. [PMID: 37632087 PMCID: PMC10459844 DOI: 10.3390/v15081747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus G (EV-G) is prevalent in pig populations worldwide, and a total of 20 genotypes (G1 to G20) have been confirmed. Recently, recombinant EV-Gs carrying the papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) gene of porcine torovirus have been isolated or detected, while their pathogenicity is poorly understood. In this study, an EV-G17-PLCP strain, 'EV-G/YN23/2022', was isolated from the feces of pigs with diarrhea, and the virus replicated robustly in numerous cell lines. The isolate showed the highest complete genome nucleotide (87.5%) and polyprotein amino acid (96.6%) identity in relation to the G17 strain 'IShi-Ya4' (LC549655), and a possible recombination event was detected at the 708 and 3383 positions in the EV-G/YN23/2022 genome. EV-G/YN23/2022 was nonlethal to piglets, but mild diarrhea, transient fever, typical skin lesions, and weight gain deceleration were observed. The virus replicated efficiently in multiple organs, and the pathological lesions were mainly located in the small intestine. All the challenged piglets showed seroconversion for EV-G/YN23/2022 at 6 to 9 days post-inoculation (dpi), and the neutralization antibody peaked at 15 dpi. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-18, IFN-α, IFN-β, and ISG-15 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were significantly up-regulated during viral infection. This is the first documentation of the isolation and pathogenicity evaluation of the EV-G17-PLCP strain in China. The results may advance our understanding of the evolution characteristics and pathogenesis of EV-G-PLCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Hong Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.-H.L.); (Z.-R.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Li
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.-H.L.); (Z.-R.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Pei Zhu
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.-H.L.); (Z.-R.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Zhang
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.-H.L.); (Z.-R.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jian-Ling Song
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China; (Z.-H.L.); (Z.-R.L.); (P.Z.); (Z.-X.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Transboundary Animal Diseases Prevention and Control (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Fengyu Road, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650224, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang RR, Zhang JL, Li Q, Zhang SM, Gu XM, Niu W, Zhou JJ, Zhou LC. SEVERE BURN-INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL RECRUITMENT OF CALPAIN CAUSES ABERRANT MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMICS AND HEART DYSFUNCTION. Shock 2023; 60:255-261. [PMID: 37278996 PMCID: PMC10476594 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mitochondrial damage is an important cause of heart dysfunction after severe burn injury. However, the pathophysiological process remains unclear. This study aims to examine the mitochondrial dynamics in the heart and the role of μ-calpain, a cysteine protease, in this scenario. Rats were subjected to severe burn injury treatment, and the calpain inhibitor MDL28170 was administered intravenously 1 h before or after burn injury. Rats in the burn group displayed weakened heart performance and decreased mean arterial pressure, which was accompanied by a diminishment of mitochondrial function. The animals also exhibited higher levels of calpain in mitochondria, as reflected by immunofluorescence staining and activity tests. In contrast, treatment with MDL28170 before any severe burn diminished these responses to a severe burn. Burn injury decreased the abundance of mitochondria and resulted in a lower percentage of small mitochondria and a higher percentage of large mitochondria. Furthermore, burn injury caused an increase in the fission protein DRP1 in the mitochondria and a decrease in the inner membrane fusion protein OPA1. Similarly, these alterations were also blocked by MDL28170. Of note, inhibition of calpain yielded the emergence of more elongated mitochondria along with membrane invagination in the middle of the longitude, which is an indicator of the fission process. Finally, MDL28170, administered 1 h after burn injury, preserved mitochondrial function and heart performance, and increased the survival rate. Overall, these results provided the first evidence that mitochondrial recruitment of calpain confers heart dysfunction after severe burn injury, which involves aberrant mitochondrial dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Zhang
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing-Long Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Shu-Miao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Gu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen Niu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing-Jun Zhou
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lyu-Chen Zhou
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu C, Gao X, Lou J, Li H, Chen Y, Chen M, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Chang X, Luo M, Zhai Y, Li C. Aberrant mechanical loading induces annulus fibrosus cells apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration via mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:117. [PMID: 37420255 PMCID: PMC10327399 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is closely associated with the structural damage in the annulus fibrosus (AF). Aberrant mechanical loading is an important inducement of annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) apoptosis, which contributes to the AF structural damage and aggravates IVDD, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of a mechanosensitive ion channel protein Piezo1 in aberrant mechanical loading-induced AFCs apoptosis and IVDD. METHODS Rats were subjected to lumbar instability surgery to induce the unbalanced dynamic and static forces to establish the lumbar instability model. MRI and histological staining were used to evaluate the IVDD degree. A cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS)-stimulated AFCs apoptosis model was established by a Flexcell system in vitro. Tunel staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) detection, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the apoptosis level. The activation of Piezo1 was detected using western blot and calcium fluorescent probes. Chemical activator Yoda1, chemical inhibitor GSMTx4, and a lentiviral shRNA-Piezo1 system (Lv-Piezo1) were utilized to regulate the function of Piezo1. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explore the mechanism of Piezo1-induced AFCs apoptosis. The Calpain activity and the activation of Calpain2/Bax/Caspase3 axis were evaluated by the Calpain activity kit and western blot with the siRNA-mediated Calapin1 or Calpain2 knockdown. Intradiscal administration of Lv-Piezo1 was utilized to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Piezo1 silencing in IVDD rats. RESULTS Lumbar instability surgery promoted the expression of Piezo1 in AFCs and stimulated IVDD in rats 4 weeks after surgery. CMS elicited distinct apoptosis of AFCs, with enhanced Piezo1 activation. Yoda1 further promoted CMS-induced apoptosis of AFCs, while GSMTx4 and Lv-Piezo1 exhibited opposite effects. RNA-seq showed that knocking down Piezo1 inhibited the calcium signaling pathway. CMS enhanced Calpain activity and elevated the expression of BAX and cleaved-Caspase3. Calpain2, but not Calpain1 knockdown, inhibited the expression of BAX and cleaved-Caspase3 and alleviated AFCs apoptosis. Lv-Piezo1 significantly alleviated the progress of IVDD in rats after lumbar instability surgery. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant mechanical loading induces AFCs apoptosis to promote IVDD by activating Piezo1 and downstream Calpain2/BAX/Caspase3 pathway. Piezo1 is expected to be a potential therapeutic target in treating IVDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoxin Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jinhui Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Haiyin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Center of Traumatic Orthopedics, People's Liberation Army 990 Hospital, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Molong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhilei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xian Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Menglin Luo
- Clinical Laboratory, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cunningham ME, McGonigal R, Barrie JA, Campbell CI, Yao D, Willison HJ. Axolemmal nanoruptures arising from paranodal membrane injury induce secondary axon degeneration in murine Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023; 28:17-31. [PMID: 36710500 PMCID: PMC10947354 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The major determinant of poor outcome in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is axonal degeneration. Pathways leading to primary axonal injury in the motor axonal variant are well established, whereas mechanisms of secondary axonal injury in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) are unknown. We recently developed an autoantibody-and complement-mediated model of murine AIDP, in which prominent injury to glial membranes at the node of Ranvier results in severe disruption to paranodal components. Acutely, axonal integrity was maintained, but over time secondary axonal degeneration occurred. Herein, we describe the differential mechanisms underlying acute glial membrane injury and secondary axonal injury in this model. Ex vivo nerve-muscle explants were injured for either acute or extended periods with an autoantibody-and complement-mediated injury to glial paranodal membranes. This model was used to test several possible mechanisms of axon degeneration including calpain activation, and to monitor live axonal calcium signalling. Glial calpains induced acute disruption of paranodal membrane proteins in the absence of discernible axonal injury. Over time, we observed progressive axonal degeneration which was markedly attenuated by axon-specific calpain inhibition. Injury was unaffected by all other tested methods of protection. Trans-axolemmal diffusion of fluorescent proteins and live calcium imaging studies indirectly demonstrated the presence of nanoruptures in the axon membrane. This study outlines one mechanism by which secondary axonal degeneration arises in the AIDP variant of GBS where acute paranodal loop injury is prominent. The data also support the development of calpain inhibitors to attenuate both primary and secondary axonal degeneration in GBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhona McGonigal
- School of Infection & ImmunityUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | | | - Denggao Yao
- School of Infection & ImmunityUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
LeDesma R, Heller B, Biswas A, Maya S, Gili S, Higgins J, Ploss A. Structural features stabilized by divalent cation coordination within hepatitis E virus ORF1 are critical for viral replication. eLife 2023; 12:e80529. [PMID: 36852909 PMCID: PMC9977285 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an RNA virus responsible for over 20 million infections annually. HEV's open reading frame (ORF)1 polyprotein is essential for genome replication, though it is unknown how the different subdomains function within a structural context. Our data show that ORF1 operates as a multifunctional protein, which is not subject to proteolytic processing. Supporting this model, scanning mutagenesis performed on the putative papain-like cysteine protease (pPCP) domain revealed six cysteines essential for viral replication. Our data are consistent with their role in divalent metal ion coordination, which governs local and interdomain interactions that are critical for the overall structure of ORF1; furthermore, the 'pPCP' domain can only rescue viral genome replication in trans when expressed in the context of the full-length ORF1 protein but not as an individual subdomain. Taken together, our work provides a comprehensive model of the structure and function of HEV ORF1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert LeDesma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Brigitte Heller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Abhishek Biswas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Stephanie Maya
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Stefania Gili
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - John Higgins
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jeon KH, Park SH, Bae WJ, Kim SW, Park HJ, Kim S, Kim TH, Jeon SH, Park I, Park HJ, Kwon Y. Cannabidiol, a Regulator of Intracellular Calcium and Calpain. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:119-125. [PMID: 35196129 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the most abundant components of Cannabis and has long been used in Cannabis-based preparations. Recently, CBD has become a promising pharmacological agent because of its beneficial properties in the pathophysiology of several diseases. Although CBD is a kind of cannabinoid and acts on cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), molecular targets involved in diverse therapeutic properties of CBD have not been identified because CBD also interacts with other molecular targets. Considering that CBD alters the intracellular calcium level by which calpain activity is controlled, and both CBD and calpain are associated with various diseases related to calcium signaling, including neurological disorders, this review provides an overview of calpain and calcium signaling as possible molecular targets of CBD. As calpain is known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of neurological disease, a deeper understanding of its relationship with CBD will be meaningful. To understand the role of CBD as a calpain regulator, in silico structural analysis on the binding mode of CBD with calpain was performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Drug Development Research Core Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuck Park
- Institute of Cannabis Research, Colorado State University-Pueblo, Pueblo, Colorado, USA
| | - Woong Jin Bae
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Green Medicine Co., Ltd., Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Park
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seung Hwan Jeon
- Catholic Integrative Medicine Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilbum Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Care R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Je Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Yuhan Natural Product R&D Center, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Drug Development Research Core Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kaji T, Kuroishi T, Bando K, Takahashi M, Sugawara S. N-acetyl cysteine inhibits IL-1α release from murine keratinocytes induced by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. J Toxicol Sci 2023; 48:557-569. [PMID: 37778984 DOI: 10.2131/jts.48.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophilic compound 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is a major component of dental bonding materials, and it enhances the binding of resin-composites to biomolecules. However, HEMA is a well-known contact sensitizer. We reported previously that intradermal injection of HEMA induces the production of IL-1 locally in the skin. Keratinocytes are the first barrier against chemical insults and constitutively express IL-1α. In this study, we analyzed whether HEMA induces the production of inflammatory cytokines from murine keratinocyte cell line Pam212 cells. We demonstrated that HEMA induced the release of 17-kDa mature IL-1α and caused cytotoxicity. The activity of calpain, an IL-1α processing enzyme, was significantly higher in HEMA-treated cells. The thiol-containing antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) inhibited HEMA-induced IL-1α release but not cytotoxicity. NAC inhibited intracellular calpain activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by HEMA. NAC post-treatment also inhibited IL-1α release and intracellular ROS production induced by HEMA. Furthermore, HEMA-induced in vivo inflammation also inhibited by NAC. NAC inhibited polymerization of HEMA through adduct formation via sulfide bonds between the thiol group of NAC and the reactive double bond of HEMA. HEMA-induced IL-1α release and cytotoxicity were also inhibited if HEMA and NAC were pre-incubated before adding to the cells. These results suggested that NAC inhibited IL-1α release through decreases in intracellular ROS and the adduct formation with HEMA. We concluded that HEMA induces IL-1α release from skin keratinocytes, and NAC may be a promising candidate as a therapeutic agent against inflammation induced by HEMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kaji
- Division of Oral Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Toshinobu Kuroishi
- Division of Oral Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Kanan Bando
- Division of Oral Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Masatoshi Takahashi
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Shunji Sugawara
- Division of Oral Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ji XY, Zheng D, Ni R, Wang JX, Shao JQ, Vue Z, Hinton A, Song LS, Fan GC, Chakrabarti S, Su ZL, Peng TQ. Sustained over-expression of calpain-2 induces age-dependent dilated cardiomyopathy in mice through aberrant autophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2873-2884. [PMID: 35986214 PMCID: PMC9622835 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains have been implicated in heart diseases. While calpain-1 has been detrimental to the heart, the role of calpain-2 in cardiac pathology remains controversial. In this study we investigated whether sustained over-expression of calpain-2 had any adverse effects on the heart and the underlying mechanisms. Double transgenic mice (Tg-Capn2/tTA) were generated, which express human CAPN2 restricted to cardiomyocytes. The mice were subjected to echocardiography at age 3, 6, 8 and 12 months, and their heart tissues and sera were collected for analyses. We showed that transgenic mice over-expressing calpain-2 restricted to cardiomyocytes had normal heart function with no evidence of cardiac pathological remodeling at age 3 months. However, they exhibited features of dilated cardiomyopathy including increased heart size, enlarged heart chambers and heart dysfunction from age 8 months; histological analysis revealed loss of cardiomyocytes replaced by myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in transgenic mice from age 8 months. These cardiac alterations closely correlated with aberrant autophagy evidenced by significantly increased LC3BII and p62 protein levels and accumulation of autophagosomes in the hearts of transgenic mice. Notably, injection of 3-methyladenine, a well-established inhibitor of autophagy (30 mg/kg, i.p. once every 3 days starting from age 6 months for 2 months) prevented aberrant autophagy, attenuated myocardial injury and improved heart function in the transgenic mice. In cultured cardiomyocytes, over-expression of calpain-2 blocked autophagic flux by impairing lysosomal function. Furthermore, over-expression of calpain-2 resulted in lower levels of junctophilin-2 protein in the heart of transgenic mice and in cultured cardiomyocytes, which was attenuated by 3-methyladenine. In addition, blockade of autophagic flux by bafilomycin A (100 nM) induced a reduction of junctophilin-2 protein in cardiomyocytes. In summary, transgenic over-expression of calpain-2 induces age-dependent dilated cardiomyopathy in mice, which may be mediated through aberrant autophagy and a reduction of junctophilin-2. Thus, a sustained increase in calpain-2 may be detrimental to the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Ji
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Dong Zheng
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jin-Xi Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jian-Qiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Zhao-Liang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Tian-Qing Peng
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Khokhar D, Marella S, Idelman G, Chang JW, Chehade M, Hogan SP. Eosinophilic esophagitis: Immune mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:1142-1156. [PMID: 35778876 PMCID: PMC9547832 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic inflammatory disease of the oesophagus and is clinically characterized by upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including dysphagia and esophageal food impaction. Histopathologic manifestations, which include intraepithelial eosinophilic inflammation and alterations of the esophageal squamous epithelium, such as basal zone hyperplasia (BZH) and dilated intercellular spaces (DIS), are thought to contribute to esophageal dysfunction and disease symptoms. Corroborative clinical and discovery science-based studies have established that EoE is characterized by an underlying allergic inflammatory response, in part, related to the IL-13/CCL26/eosinophil axis driving dysregulation of several key epithelial barrier and proliferative regulatory genes including kallikrein (KLK) serine proteases, calpain 14 (CAPN14) and anoctamin 1 (ANO1). The contribution of these inflammatory and proliferative processes to the clinical and histological manifestations of disease are not fully elucidated. Herein, we discuss the immune molecules and cells that are thought to underlie the clinical and pathologic manifestations of EoE and the emerging therapeutics targeting these processes for the treatment of EoE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilawar Khokhar
- Division of Allergy and ImmunologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Sahiti Marella
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Gila Idelman
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Joy W. Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Mirna Chehade
- Mount Sinai Center for Eosinophilic DisordersIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Simon P. Hogan
- Mary H Weiser Food Allergy CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cunningham ME, McGonigal R, Barrie JA, Yao D, Willison HJ. Real time imaging of intra-axonal calcium flux in an explant mouse model of axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114127. [PMID: 35640716 PMCID: PMC7614209 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The acute motor axonal variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome is associated with the attack of motor axons by anti-ganglioside antibodies which activate complement on the axonal plasma membrane. Animal models have indirectly implicated complement pore-mediated calcium influx as a trigger of axonal damage, through the activation of the protease calpain. However, this calcium influx has never been imaged directly. Herein we describe a method to detect changes in intra-axonal calcium in an ex vivo mouse model of axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome and describe the influence of calcium on axonal injury and the effects of calpain inhibition on axonal outcome. Using ex vivo nerve-muscle explants from Thy1-TNXXL mice which axonally express a genetically encoded calcium indicator, we studied the effect of the binding and activation of complement by an anti-GD1b ganglioside antibody which targets the motor axon. Using live multiphoton imaging, we found that a wave of calcium influx extends retrogradely from the motor nerve terminal as far back as the large bundles within the muscle explant. Despite terminal complement pores being detectable only at the motor nerve terminal and, to a lesser degree, the most distal node of Ranvier, disruption of axonal proteins occurred at more proximal sites implicating the intra-axonal calcium wave. Morphological analysis indicated two different types of calcium-induced changes: acutely, distal axons showed swelling and breakdown at sites where complement pores were present. Distally, in areas of raised calcium which lacked detectable complement pores, axons developed a spindly, vacuolated appearance suggestive of early signs of degeneration. All morphological changes were prevented with treatment with a calpain inhibitor. This is the first investigation of axonal calcium dynamics in a mouse model of Guillain-Barré syndrome and demonstrates the proximal reach of calcium influx following an injury which is confined to the most distal parts of the motor axon. We also demonstrate that calpain inhibition remains a promising candidate for both acute and sub-acute consequences of calcium-induced calpain activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Cunningham
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhona McGonigal
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer A Barrie
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Denggao Yao
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hugh J Willison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gurevich M, Iocolano K, Martin IN, Singh G, Khan S, Bui DT, Dagum AB, Komatsu DE. Efficacy of leupeptin in treating ischemia in a rat hind limb model. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15411. [PMID: 35924300 PMCID: PMC9350425 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged tourniquet use can lead to tissue ischemia and can cause progressive muscle and nerve injuries. Such injuries are accompanied by calpain activation and subsequent Wallerian-like degeneration. Several known inhibitors, including leupeptin, are known to impede the activity of calpain and associated tissue damage. We hypothesize that employment of leupeptin in a rat model of prolonged hind limb ischemia can mitigate muscle and nerve injuries. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10) weighing between 300-400 g were employed in this study. Their left hind limbs were subjected to blood flow occlusion for a period of 2-h using a neonatal blood pressure cuff. Five rats were given twice weekly intramuscular leupeptin injections, while the other five received saline. After 2 weeks, the animals were euthanized, their sciatic nerves and gastrocnemius muscles were harvested, fixed, stained, and analyzed using NIH Image J software. The administration of leupeptin resulted in larger gastrocnemius muscle fiber cross-sectional areas for the right (non-tourniquet applied) hindlimb as compared to that treated with the saline (p = 0.0110). However, no statistically significant differences were found between these two groups for the injured left hindlimb (p = 0.1440). With regards to the sciatic nerve cross-sectional areas and sciatic functional index, no differences were detected between the leupeptin and control treated groups for both the healthy and injured hindlimbs. This research provides new insights on how to employ leupeptin to inhibit the degenerative effects of calpain and preserve tissues following ischemia resulting from orthopedic or plastic surgery procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irene Nozal Martin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStony Brook University HospitalStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Gurtej Singh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStony Brook University HospitalStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Sami U. Khan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStony Brook University HospitalStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Duc T. Bui
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStony Brook University HospitalStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Alexander B. Dagum
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of SurgeryStony Brook University HospitalStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - David E. Komatsu
- Department of Orthopaedics and RehabilitationStony Brook University HospitalNew YorkUSA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu L, Xia L, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Ding J, Wang X. Inhibiting SRC activity attenuates kainic-acid induced mouse epilepsy via reducing NR2B phosphorylation and full-length NR2B expression. Epilepsy Res 2022; 185:106975. [PMID: 35907325 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of SRC activation on spontaneously recurrent seizures and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of NR2B phosphorylation. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected intrahippocampally with kainic acid (KA, 0.4 μg/25 g) to induce status epilepticus (SE). Saracatinib(STB) was used as an SRC inhibitor. Spontaneously recurrent seizures were monitored from day 7 to day 14 after the KA injection. Nissl's stain and NeuN were used to detect neuron loss and Timm stain was used to evaluate mossy fibre sprouting 14 days after KA injection. We also investigated the effect of SRC on full-length expression of NR2B. MDL28170 was used to inhibit calpain activity. Western blotting and qPCR were performed to verify phosphorylation levels and expression of SRC and NR2B 24 h after KA injection. RESULTS The duration of status epileptics in the SRC inhibitor group decreased significantly compared to the KA group 24 h after the injection of KA (P < 0.05). The application of the SRC inhibitor significantly reduced the degree of contralateral mossy fibre sprouting (P < 0.05) and improved the degree of neuron loss (P < 0.01) compared to the epilepsy group. Full-length NR2B levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus decreased in the epilepsy group (P < 0.01) compared to the sham group, and it further decreased in the STB inhibitor group (P < 0.01). The effect of the STB inhibitor was counteracted by simultaneous inhibition of SRC activity and calpain activation, while the level of full-length NR2B increased compared to the KA+STB group(P < 0.01). Reduction of NR2B cleavage by MDL28170 significantly increased the duration of epileptic status compared to the KA group (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicated that the early application of SRC inhibitors exerted protective effects on seizure severity, loss of neurons, and sprouting of mossy fibres in KA-induced mouse epilepsy. Seizure severity attenuation due to SRC inhibition was associated with the decrease of NR2B in both the phosphorylation and full-length forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cooper JV, Suman SP, Burdick KS, Sutovsky P, Lonergan SM, Lorenzen CL. Color attributes and myoglobin chemistry exhibit relationships with tenderness and calpain-1 abundance in postmortem Longissimus lumborum muscles from Holstein heifers. Meat Sci 2022; 189:108824. [PMID: 35472686 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the extent that myoglobin and beef color are associated with calpain-1 relative abundance relative and tenderness. Longissimus lumborum (LL) samples from the left side of Holstein beef carcasses (n = 31) were collected immediately post-evisceration for 0 h analyses. At 48 h postmortem six steaks were removed from the right side of each carcass for analyses at 48 and 336 h postmortem. Myoglobin concentrations resulted in negative correlations (P < 0.05) to Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values at 336 h postmortem. L*, a*, and b* values at 48 h resulted in positive correlations (P < 0.05) with WBSF values at 48 and 336 h. Values for b* at 336 h had positive correlations with calpain-1 concentration at 0 and 336 h. Data from this study indicate a potential relationship between myoglobin concentration and meat color with tenderness aspects and calpain-1 relative abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jade V Cooper
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Surendranath P Suman
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Katelyn S Burdick
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Steven M Lonergan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Carol L Lorenzen
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ivleva IS, Ivlev AP, Pestereva NS, Tyutyunnik TV, Karpenko MN. Protective effect of calpain inhibitors against manganese-induced toxicity in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1003-1013. [PMID: 35089484 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of manganism is a major complication of manganese exposure in which neurological dysfunction is linked to accumulation of metal in the brain. Current therapies do not prevent progression of the disease. Therefore, development of effective therapeutic strategies for treatment of manganism is of utmost importance. Since the hyperactivation of calpain family proteases in CNS during manganism in an animal model is observed, we assumed that inhibition of calpains can suppress the development of Mn-induced neurological disturbances. The goal of this study is to delineate protective effect and the mechanism of neuroprotection of calpain inhibitor in rat model of Mn-induced neurological symptoms. Using the Gait analysis test, we found that chronic intranasal administration of the calpain inhibitor Cast (184-210) (peptide, which is corresponding to the 184-210 amino acid of the endogenous inhibitor of calpains-human calpastatin) to Mn-treated rats contributed to a significant decrease in the severity of gait disorders, although it did not lead to a decrease in the Mn deposition in the striatum and hippocampus. Accordingly to the results of PCR-RT, this effect was accompanied by a partial reduction in the content of neuro-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α, NFκB mRNA in the hippocampus and, additionally, IBA-1 mRNA in the striatum), as well as normalization of the content of dopamine and its metabolites in the hippocampus and striatum, which was assessed by HPLC. In striatum cells, the application of Cast (184-210) also led to a significant increase in the production of tyrosine hydroxylase, which was analyzed by immunoblotting method. These findings suggest that calpain inhibitors may be a valid therapeutic agent in manganism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I S Ivleva
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A P Ivlev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Pestereva
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T V Tyutyunnik
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M N Karpenko
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Miao Z, Miao Z, Teng X, Xu S. Chlorpyrifos triggers epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell pyroptosis via miR-124-3p/CAPN1 axis. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127318. [PMID: 34879549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphorus pesticide has caused water pollution, threatening aquatic organisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) highly conserved noncoding RNAs, that regulate various cell death processes, including pyroptosis. To investigate the effect of CPF exposure on epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell pyroptosis and the role of the miR-124-3p/CAPN1 axis, we established miR-124 overexpression and inhibition EPC cell models of CPF exposure. The target of the miR-124-3p/CAPN1 axis was primarily confirmed by the double luciferase reporter assay. Pyroptosis was demonstrated to occur in CPF-exposed EPC cells and was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential depletion, ROS level elevation and pyroptotic indicator expression upregulation. PD150606 was supplied as a CAPN1 inhibitor, alleviating CPF-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and alleviating the increased expression of NLRP3, CASP1, IL1β and GSDMD. In conclusion, CPF induces pyroptosis by regulating the miR-124-3p/CAPN1 axis. This study enriches the cytotoxicity study of CPF, and provides new theoretical fundamentals for exploration of miRNA and its target protein response to water contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiruo Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu Y, Fu X, Liu Y, Zhang T, Cui P, Wang S, Liu L, Hou Z, Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Wu C, Yang J. Neuroprotective effect of pseudoginsenoside-F11 on permanent cerebral ischemia in rats by regulating calpain activity and NR2A submit-mediated AKT-CREB signaling pathways. Phytomedicine 2022; 96:153847. [PMID: 34836744 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have been demonstrated to play central roles in stroke pathology and recovery, including dual roles in promoting either neuronal survival or death with their different subtypes and locations. PURPOSE We have previously demonstrated that pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11) can provide long-term neuroprotective effects on transient and permanent ischemic stroke-induced neuronal damage. However, it is still needed to clarify whether NMDAR-2A (NR2A)-mediated pro-survival signaling pathway is involved in the beneficial effect of PF11 on permanent ischemic stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS PF11 was administrated in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO)-operated rats. The effect of PF11 on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-exposed primary cultured neurons were further evaluated. The regulatory effect of PF11 on NR2A expression and the activation of its downstream AKT-CREB pathway were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence in the presence or absence of a specific NR2A antagonist NVP-AAM077 (NVP) both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS PF11 dose- and time-dependently decreased calpain1 (CAPN1) activity and its specific breakdown product α-Fodrin expression, while the expression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKII-α) was significantly upregulated in the cortex and striatum of rats at 24 h after the onset of pMCAO operation. Moreover, PF11 prevented the downregulation of NR2A, p-AKT/AKT, and p-CREB/CREB in both in vivo and in vitro stroke models. Finally, the results indicated treatment with NVP can abolish the effects of PF11 on alleviating the ischemic injury and activating NR2A-mediated AKT-CREB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that PF11 can exert neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke by inhibiting the activation of CAPN1 and subsequently enhancing the NR2A-medicated activation of AKT-CREB pathway, which provides a mechanistic link between the neuroprotective effect of PF11 against cerebral ischemia and NR2A-associated pro-survival signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peirui Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Saiqian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liting Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zongjuan Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zinv Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ling XX, Chen H, Fu BB, Ruan CS, Pana M, Zhou K, Fang ZR, Shao JT, Zhu FQ, Gao S. Xin-Ji-Er-Kang protects myocardial and renal injury in hypertensive heart failure in mice. Phytomedicine 2021; 91:153675. [PMID: 34332285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) as a herbal formula of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown the protective effects on myocardial function as well as renal function in mouse models of myocardial infarction. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We investigated the effects of XJEK on cardiovascular- and renal-function in a heart failure mouse model induced by high salt (HS) and the associated mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN For the purpose of assessing the effects of XJEK on a hypertensive heart failure model, mice were fed with 8% high salt diet. XJEK was administered by oral gavage for 8 weeks. Cardiovascular function parameters, renal function associated biomarkers and XJEK's impact on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation were assessed. To determine the underlying mechanism, the calpain1/junctophilin-2 (JP2)/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) pathway was further studied in AC16 cells after angiotensin II-challenge or after calpastatin small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. RESULTS Mice on HS-diet exhibited hypertensive heart failure along with progressive kidney injury. Similar to fosinopril, XJEK ameliorated hypertension, cardiovascular-and renal- dysfunction in mice of HS-diet group. XJEK inhibited HS-induced activation of RAAS and reversed the abnormal expression pattern of calpain1and JP2 protein in heart tissues. XJEK significantly improved cell viability of angiotensin II-challenged AC16 cells. Moreover, XJEK's impact on calpain1/JP2 pathway was partly diminished in AC16 cells transfected with calpastatin siRNA. CONCLUSION XJEK was found to exert cardiovascular- and renal protection in HS-diet induced heart failure mouse model. XJEK inhibited HS-diet induced RAAS activation by inhibiting the activity and expression of calpain1 and protected the junctional membrane complex (JMC) in cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bei-Bei Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng-Shao Ruan
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming Pana
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Rui Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun-Tang Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Feng-Qin Zhu
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao Z, Ma L, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Tai Y, Wang Q. MiR-124 protects against cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane anesthesia in vivo and in vitro through targeting calpain small subunit 1 via NF-κB signaling pathway. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2021; 30:701-709. [PMID: 34118141 DOI: 10.17219/acem/134740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is an impairment of cognition that affects post-surgery patients. Sevoflurane anesthesia is linked to cognitive dysfunction correlated to the expression of miRNA levels. OBJECTIVES In the current study, we investigated if miR-124 can offer protection against cognitive deficits induced by sevoflurane in a spatial learning paradigm, and examined the molecular mechanisms through cell cultures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Escape latency, platform crossings in probe trials and swimming speed in the Morris water maze in sevoflurane-treated mice were utilized as a measure of cognitive function. The relative miR-124 expression, and mRNA expressions of Bax, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in sevoflurane-treated hippocampal cultures were measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Moreover, the changes in interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The binding between miR-124 and calpain small subunit 1 (Capn4) was verified with site-directed mutagenesis. The involvement of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was examined using western blot analysis. RESULTS Our findings indicated that the miR-124 expression was inhibited by sevoflurane treatment in live rats and mouse hippocampal neurons to prevent apoptosis and inflammatory responses. We confirmed Capn4 as a target of miR-124. Treatment with sevoflurane enhanced the expression of Capn4, while overexpression of miR124 suppressed the enhanced expression of Capn4. Also, miR-124 inhibited apoptosis in murine hippocampal neurons induced by sevoflurane via the NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that miR-124 exerted its neuroprotective role against sevoflurane via targeting Capn4 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our work may provide a novel and efficacious treatment for sevoflurane anesthesia-related cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Shijiazhuang People's Medical College, China
| | - Yishuai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, China
| | - Yanlei Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiujun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lin H, Kang Z, Li S, Zeng J, Zhao J. Sarm1 is Essential for Anesthesia-Induced Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Aged Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1465-1476. [PMID: 33433724 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common phenomenon among elderly patients with unclear etiology. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 (Sarm1) plays important roles in neuroinflammation and cognitive function, and activates Calpain which has been shown to promote POCD through TrkB cleavage. This study aims to test the hypothesis that Sarm1 is involved in POCD through regulating Calpain activity. Wild type and Sarm1 knock out mice were exposed to isoflurane. Mouse cognitive function was determined by Morris water maze test. Neuroinflammation was determined by Iba1 and GFAP protein levels and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Calpain activation was determined by αII-spectrin degradation and TrkB cleavage. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was determined by c-Jun N-terminal kinase and cJun phosphorylation both in vivo and in vitro by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. We found that Sarm1 deletion suppressed isoflurane induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation. Deletion of Sarm1 inhibited isoflurane induced αII-spectrin degradation and TrkB cleavage, which indicates suppression of Calpain activation. Finally, deletion of Sarm1 suppressed isoflurane induced MAPK signaling both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest that isoflurane anesthesia induced cognitive impairment is prevented by Sarm1 deletion in mice, making Sarm1 a potent therapeutic target for treating or preventing POCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenming Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Shunyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Jingyang Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kwon HH, Lee JS, Park H, Shin J, Yin Y, Shin N, Shin HJ, Hwang JA, Kim DW, Kang JW. Vitamin E reduces spasms caused by prenatal stress by lowering calpain expression. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 114:107609. [PMID: 33257295 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal stress increases the susceptibility of infants to seizures and is known to be associated with oxidative stress. Recent studies suggest that vitamin E has beneficial effects in various neurological diseases due to its antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the relationship between prenatal stress and vitamin E treatment on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced spasms. METHODS We used pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats and induced prenatal stress with an injection of betamethasone on G15. They were then treated orally with 200 mg/kg vitamin E or saline twice a day from G15-G21. On postnatal day 15, NMDA was administered to trigger spasms in offspring. The total number of spasms and latency to the first spasm were recorded. We also measured oxidative stress in the medial cortex using western blot, and calpain activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH)/GSH/glutathione disulfide (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity, and nitric oxide (NO) assays. RESULTS We observed that rats treated with vitamin E while exposed to prenatal stress demonstrated reduced total number and frequency of spasms. Expression of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and K+/Cl- co-transporter (KCC2) were reduced after prenatal stress; this recovered in the vitamin E treated group. Further, expression of calpain 2 was decreased and various markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH/GSSG, SOD, catalase, and NO) were reduced in the vitamin E treated group. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that vitamin E lowers oxidative stress and decreases seizure susceptibility in rat offspring exposed to prenatal stress. Given the well-known safety profile of vitamin E, these results indicate its potential as a strategy for preventing seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok Hee Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhua Yin
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Hwang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Won Kang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shin EY, Park JH, You ST, Lee CS, Won SY, Park JJ, Kim HB, Shim J, Soung NK, Lee OJ, Schwartz MA, Kim EG. Integrin-mediated adhesions in regulation of cellular senescence. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay3909. [PMID: 32494696 PMCID: PMC7202880 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioinformatic and functional data link integrin-mediated cell adhesion to cellular senescence; however, the significance of and molecular mechanisms behind these connections are unknown. We now report that the focal adhesion-localized βPAK-interacting exchange factor (βPIX)-G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein (GIT) complex controls cellular senescence in vitro and in vivo. βPIX and GIT levels decline with age. βPIX knockdown induces cellular senescence, which was prevented by reexpression. Loss of βPIX induced calpain cleavage of the endocytic adapter amphiphysin 1 to suppress clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME); direct competition of GIT1/2 for the calpain-binding site on paxillin mediates this effect. Decreased CME and thus integrin endocytosis induced abnormal integrin signaling, with elevated reactive oxygen species production. Blocking integrin signaling inhibited senescence in human fibroblasts and mouse lungs in vivo. These results reveal a central role for integrin signaling in cellular senescence, potentially identifying a new therapeutic direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Soon-Tae You
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Chan-Soo Lee
- Food Standard Division Scientific Office, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (KFDA), Osong-eup, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - So-Yoon Won
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jung-Jin Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Han-Byeol Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jaegal Shim
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang-eup, Cheongju 28116, Korea
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Martin Alexander Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Corresponding author. (E.-G.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Corresponding author. (E.-G.K.); (M.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zeng J, Huang YY, Xu XM, Li SH, Zuo DC. Both Caspase and Calpain are Involved in Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted BNIP3-Induced Cell Death. Folia Biol (Praha) 2020; 66:60-66. [PMID: 32851835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2/E1B-19K-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a member of the apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 family that regulates cell death. Although BNIP3 targeted normally to the mitochondrial outer membrane by its transmembrane domain was originally considered to be essential for its pro-apoptotic activity, accumulating evidence has shown that BNIP3 is localized to endoplasmic reticulum at physiological conditions and that forced expression of BNIP3 can initiate cell death via multiple pathways depending on the subcellular compartment it targets. Targeting BNIP3 to endoplasmic reticulum has been shown to participate in cell death during endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, the molecular events responsible for BNIP3-induced cell death in the endoplasmic reticulum remain poorly understood. In the present study, the transmembrane domain of BNIP3 was replaced with a segment of cytochrome b5 that targets BNIP3 into endoplasmic reticulum, which induced cell death as effectively as its wild-type molecule in the SW480 cell line (colon carcinoma). Furthermore, a pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, and PD150606, a specific calpain inhibitor, both significantly suppressed the endoplasmic reticulum-targeted BNIP3-induced cell death. These results suggest that endoplasmic reticulum-targeted BNIP3 induced a mixed mode of cell death requiring both caspases and calpains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Y Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - X M Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - S H Li
- Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - D C Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Getz AM, Xu F, Visser F, Persson R, Syed NI. Tumor suppressor menin is required for subunit-specific nAChR α5 transcription and nAChR-dependent presynaptic facilitation in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1768. [PMID: 28496137 PMCID: PMC5432004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), cholinergic transmission induces synaptic plasticity that is required for learning and memory. However, our understanding of the development and maintenance of cholinergic circuits is limited, as the factors regulating the expression and clustering of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) remain poorly defined. Recent studies from our group have implicated calpain-dependent proteolytic fragments of menin, the product of the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene, in coordinating the transcription and synaptic clustering of nAChRs in invertebrate central neurons. Here, we sought to determine whether an analogous cholinergic mechanism underlies menin's synaptogenic function in the vertebrate CNS. Our data from mouse primary hippocampal cultures demonstrate that menin and its calpain-dependent C-terminal fragment (C-menin) regulate the subunit-specific transcription and synaptic clustering of neuronal nAChRs, respectively. MEN1 knockdown decreased nAChR α5 subunit expression, the clustering of α7 subunit-containing nAChRs at glutamatergic presynaptic terminals, and nicotine-induced presynaptic facilitation. Moreover, the number and function of glutamatergic synapses was unaffected by MEN1 knockdown, indicating that the synaptogenic actions of menin are specific to cholinergic regulation. Taken together, our results suggest that the influence of menin on synapse formation and synaptic plasticity occur via modulation of nAChR channel subunit composition and functional clustering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Getz
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Fenglian Xu
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
| | - Frank Visser
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Naweed I Syed
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abdul Nasir NA, Agarwal R, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Vasudevan S, Tripathy M, Iezhitsa I, Mohammad Daher A, Ibrahim MI, Mohd Ismail N. Reduction of oxidative-nitrosative stress underlies anticataract effect of topically applied tocotrienol in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174542. [PMID: 28350848 PMCID: PMC5370128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataract, a leading cause of blindness, is of special concern in diabetics as it occurs at earlier onset. Polyol accumulation and increased oxidative-nitrosative stress in cataractogenesis are associated with NFκB activation, iNOS expression, ATP depletion, loss of ATPase functions, calpain activation and proteolysis of soluble to insoluble proteins. Tocotrienol was previously shown to reduce lens oxidative stress and inhibit cataractogenesis in galactose-fed rats. In current study, we investigated anticataract effects of topical tocotrienol and possible mechanisms involved in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were treated with vehicle (DV) or tocotrienol (DT). A third group consists of normal, non-diabetic rats were treated with vehicle (NV). All treatments were given topically, bilaterally, twice daily for 8 weeks with weekly slit lamp monitoring. Subsequently, rats were euthanized and lenses were subjected to estimation of polyol accumulation, oxidative-nitrosative stress, NFκB activation, iNOS expression, ATP levels, ATPase activities, calpain activity and total protein levels. Cataract progression was delayed from the fifth week onwards in DT with lower mean of cataract stages compared to DV group (p<0.01) despite persistent hyperglycemia. Reduced cataractogenesis in DT group was accompanied with lower aldose reductase activity and sorbitol level compared to DV group (p<0.01). DT group also showed reduced NFκB activation, lower iNOS expression and reduced oxidative-nitrosative stress compared to DV group. Lenticular ATP and ATPase and calpain 2 activities in DT group were restored to normal. Consequently, soluble to insoluble protein ratio in DT group was higher compared to DV (p<0.05). In conclusion, preventive effect of topical tocotrienol on development of cataract in STZ-induced diabetic rats could be attributed to reduced lens aldose reductase activity, polyol levels and oxidative-nitrosative stress. These effects of tocotrienol invlove reduced NFκB activation, lower iNOS expression, restoration of ATP level, ATPase activities, calpain activity and lens protein levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Renu Agarwal
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sushil Vasudevan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Minaketan Tripathy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Institute of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Aqil Mohammad Daher
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ikraam Ibrahim
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Crestanello JA. Calpain inhibitors: The aspirin of the 21st century? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 153:358-359. [PMID: 27865555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Crestanello
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang ZQ, Zhang CZ, Nie JC, Lin L. [Effects of expression of calpain mRNA in rabbits exposed to vibration by hind legs]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2016; 34:443-446. [PMID: 27514555 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of expression of calpain mRNA in rabbits exposed to vibration by hind legs. METHODS 32 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a control group and 3 experimental groups according to 4-hour energy-equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration[ahw (4)]: low (4.33 m/s(2)) , moderate (8.67 m/s(2)) and high (17.34 m/s(2)) intensity group to accepted the vibration by hind legs. 45 ds later, brain and skeletal muscle tissue of rabbits were taken to detect the expression of calpain-1 and calpain-2 mRNA by RT-qPCR technique. RESULTS The relative content of calpain-1 mRNA in the brain tissues in rabbits of low, medium and high intensity group were 8.35±3.75,9.64±4.54,5.10±5.26. While the relative content of calpain-2 mRNA in the brain tissues in rabbits of low, medium and high intensity group were 7.34±4.97,8.50±5.66, 8.16±5.59. Compared with the control group (1.10±0.29, 0.56±0.43) , the expression of calpain-1 and calpain-2 mRNA of the intensity groups showed an significantly increasing trend (P<0.01). In skeletal muscle tissue, the relative content of calpain-1 mRNA were 4.36±2.05, 7.37±4.06, 12.46±6.21.Compared with the control group (0.98±0.59) , the expression of calpain-1 mRNA of experiment groups were significantly higher (P<0.05) .The expression of calpain-2 mRNA of the intensity groups had no significantly difference with the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of calpain-1 and calpain-2 mRNA can be promoted by the vibration by the hind legs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Q Zhang
- Key Libratory of Occupational Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tataroglu O, Zhao X, Busza A, Ling J, O’Neill J, Emery P. Calcium and SOL Protease Mediate Temperature Resetting of Circadian Clocks. Cell 2015; 163:1214-1224. [PMID: 26590423 PMCID: PMC4675327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks integrate light and temperature input to remain synchronized with the day/night cycle. Although light input to the clock is well studied, the molecular mechanisms by which circadian clocks respond to temperature remain poorly understood. We found that temperature phase shifts Drosophila circadian clocks through degradation of the pacemaker protein TIM. This degradation is mechanistically distinct from photic CRY-dependent TIM degradation. Thermal TIM degradation is triggered by cytosolic calcium increase and CALMODULIN binding to TIM and is mediated by the atypical calpain protease SOL. This thermal input pathway and CRY-dependent light input thus converge on TIM, providing a molecular mechanism for the integration of circadian light and temperature inputs. Mammals use body temperature cycles to keep peripheral clocks synchronized with their brain pacemaker. Interestingly, downregulating the mammalian SOL homolog SOLH blocks thermal mPER2 degradation and phase shifts. Thus, we propose that circadian thermosensation in insects and mammals share common principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Tataroglu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ania Busza
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jinli Ling
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Patrick Emery
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Qing Z, Jianchun W, Yong Z, Nannan Z, Cong L, Lijuan W, Xia S. [ Calpain-2 and calcineurin protein expression in right atrial appendages from patients underwent valve replacement with or without atrial fibrillation]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2015; 43:705-708. [PMID: 26955728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the protein expression of calpain-2 and calcineurin (CaN) and atrial fibrillation (AF) in patient with valvular heart disease (VHD). METHODS A total of 40 patients who underwent valve replacement surgery in our hospital from March 2013 to March 2014, right atrial appendages were excised during operation and patients were divided into sinus rhythm (SR) group (n = 17) and AF group (n = 23). The protein expression of calpain-2 and the α-isoform of CaN catalytic subunit (CnA) in the right atrial appendages were determined by Western blot. RESULTS The protein levels of the full-length CnAa (60,000), the 45,000 fragment of CnAa without autoinhibitory domain, and calpain-2 were significantly upregulated in the AF group compared to the SR group (1.25 ± 0.51 vs. 0.76 ± 0.37, 1.08 ± 0.37 vs. 0.76 ± 0.25, and 0.82 ± 0.44 vs. 0.51 ± 0.19, respectively, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Activated calpain-2-CaN signal pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of AF.
Collapse
|
39
|
Mushtaq S, Ali T, Altaf F, Abdullah M, Murtaza I. Stress-responsive factor regulation in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction. Turk J Med Sci 2015; 45:148-52. [PMID: 25790544 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1308-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Pro-free radical oxidative stresses, as well as regulatory factors, are believed to be the key players in the development of diabetes and heart-related disorders such as myocardial infarction. The aim of the present study was to highlight the role of oxidative stress-responsive factors (reactive oxygen species [ROS], super oxide dismutase [SOD], and calpain-1) in type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 type 2 diabetes patients with myocardial infarction and 50 normal individuals were selected for this analysis. The levels of ROS and activities of SOD in the serum were determined. Serum calpain-1 expression was checked using western blotting. RESULTS The serum level of ROS and the expression of calpain-1 were significantly higher while the activity of SOD was significantly lower in diabetic patients with myocardial infraction compared to normal individuals. CONCLUSION These findings suggest a possible link between decreased antioxidant (SOD) and increased ROS levels as well as calpain-1 expression, supporting the role of oxidative stress-regulatory factors in diabetes and myocardial infraction.
Collapse
|
40
|
Yuan C, Wu J, Jiang Z, Liu C, Ouyang Z, Hu H, Liu M. [High insulin level promotes the degradation of high density lipoprotein generation-related functional protein ABCA1 through calpain and proteasome pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2015; 43:141-145. [PMID: 25907486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore effects and potential mechanisms of high insulin environment on high density lipoprotein (HDL) generation-related functional protein ABCA1. METHODS [(3)H] labeled cholesterol efflux from mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes was detected by liquid scintillation counting. ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes post stimulation with various concentrations of insulin was detected by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative techniques and Western blot, respectively, in the absence and presence of CHX (cycloheximide, CHX), calpeptin (calpain pathway inhibitor) or MG-132 (proteasome pathway inhibitor). RESULTS Cholesterol efflux rates were reduced post insulin stimulation in a dose-dependent manner ((7.06 ± 0.27)%, (6.59 ± 0.30)%, (6.34 ± 0.24)%, (5.07 ± 0.40)%, and (4.71 ± 0.40)% at 0, 1, 10, 10², and 10³ nmol/L of insulin, P < 0.05). Cholesterol efflux rates decreased in a time-dependent manner post 10³ nmol/L insulin stimulation (6.52 ± 0.30)%, (5.59 ± 0.71)%, (5.44 ± 0.37)%, (4.52 ± 0.32)%, and (4.38 ± 0.33)% at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12 h, respectively). ABCA1mRNA levels were not affected by insulin (P > 0.05). ABCA1 protein level was significantly downregulated in 10³ nmol/L insulin group compared to 0 nmol/L insulin group (P < 0.01). Compared with the 0 h group, ABCA1 protein level was significantly reduced in 6 h group (P < 0.05) and further reduced in 12 h group (P < 0.01). Both calpeptin and MG-132 could partly reduce insulin-induced degradation of ABCA1. Compared with the negative control group, ABCA1 protein levels were significantly upregulated by cotreatment with calpeptin and MG-132, respectively (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that high insulin level could promote the ABCA1 protein degradation and reduce cholesterol efflux from mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes through calpain and proteasome pathway, thus, produce a circumference not suitable for nascent HDL formation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410000, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kou RR, Xie KQ, Song FY. [The role of calcium activated neutral protease in organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2013; 31:78-80. [PMID: 23433171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
|
42
|
Hwang J, Kalinin A, Hwang M, Anderson DE, Kim MJ, Stojadinovic O, Tomic-Canic M, Lee SH, Morasso MI. Role of Scarf and Its Binding Target Proteins in Epidermal Calcium Homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:18645-18653. [PMID: 17470426 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702035200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel Ca2+-binding protein, Scarf (skin calmodulin-related factor) belongs to the calmodulin-like protein family and is expressed in the differentiated layers of the epidermis. To determine the roles of Scarf during stratification, we set out to identify the binding target proteins by affinity chromatography and subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry. Several binding factors, including 14-3-3s, annexins, calreticulin, ERp72 (endoplasmic reticulum protein 72), and nucleolin, were identified, and their interactions with Scarf were corroborated by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization analyses. To further understand the functions of Scarf in epidermis in vivo, we altered the epidermal Ca2+ gradient by acute barrier disruption. The change in the expression levels of Scarf and its binding target proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The expression of Scarf, annexins, calreticulin, and ERp72 were up-regulated by Ca2+ gradient disruption, whereas the expression of 14-3-3s and nucleolin was reduced. Because annexins, calreticulin, and ERp72 have been implicated in Ca2+-induced cellular trafficking, including the secretion of lamellar bodies and Ca2+ homeostasis, we propose that the interaction of Scarf with these proteins might be crucial in the process of barrier restoration. On the other hand, down-regulation of 14-3-3s and nucleolin is potentially involved in the process of keratinocyte differentiation and growth inhibition. The calcium-dependent localization and up-regulation of Scarf and its binding target proteins were studied in mouse keratinocytes treated with ionomycin and during the wound-healing process. We found increased expression and nuclear presence of Scarf in the epidermis of the wound edge 4 and 7 days post-wounding, entailing the role of Scarf in barrier restoration. Our results suggest that Scarf plays a critical role as a Ca2+ sensor, potentially regulating the function of its binding target proteins in a Ca2+-dependent manner in the process of restoration of epidermal Ca2+ gradient as well as during epidermal barrier formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joonsung Hwang
- Developmental Skin Biology Unit, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Alexandr Kalinin
- Developmental Skin Biology Unit, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Meeyul Hwang
- Developmental Skin Biology Unit, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - D Eric Anderson
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-720, Korea
| | - Olivera Stojadinovic
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-720, Korea
| | - Maria I Morasso
- Developmental Skin Biology Unit, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kammenga JE, Doroszuk A, Riksen JAG, Hazendonk E, Spiridon L, Petrescu AJ, Tijsterman M, Plasterk RHA, Bakker J. A Caenorhabditis elegans wild type defies the temperature-size rule owing to a single nucleotide polymorphism in tra-3. PLoS Genet 2007; 3:e34. [PMID: 17335351 PMCID: PMC1808073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectotherms rely for their body heat on surrounding temperatures. A key question in biology is why most ectotherms mature at a larger size at lower temperatures, a phenomenon known as the temperature-size rule. Since temperature affects virtually all processes in a living organism, current theories to explain this phenomenon are diverse and complex and assert often from opposing assumptions. Although widely studied, the molecular genetic control of the temperature-size rule is unknown. We found that the Caenorhabditis elegans wild-type N2 complied with the temperature-size rule, whereas wild-type CB4856 defied it. Using a candidate gene approach based on an N2 x CB4856 recombinant inbred panel in combination with mutant analysis, complementation, and transgenic studies, we show that a single nucleotide polymorphism in tra-3 leads to mutation F96L in the encoded calpain-like protease. This mutation attenuates the ability of CB4856 to grow larger at low temperature. Homology modelling predicts that F96L reduces TRA-3 activity by destabilizing the DII-A domain. The data show that size adaptation of ectotherms to temperature changes may be less complex than previously thought because a subtle wild-type polymorphism modulates the temperature responsiveness of body size. These findings provide a novel step toward the molecular understanding of the temperature-size rule, which has puzzled biologists for decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan E Kammenga
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hwang M, Kalinin A, Morasso M. The temporal and spatial expression of the novel Ca++-binding proteins, Scarf and Scarf2, during development and epidermal differentiation. Gene Expr Patterns 2005; 5:801-8. [PMID: 15922673 PMCID: PMC1283088 DOI: 10.1016/j.modgep.2005.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Revised: 03/14/2005] [Accepted: 03/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During the process of epidermal differentiation, intracellular and extracellular calcium (Ca++) concentrations induce an array of signaling pathways . Keratinocytes follow a complex Ca++-dependent program of differentiation moving from the basal proliferative layer, through the spinous and granular differentiated layers to ultimately culminate in the formation of the cornified layer of the epidermis. Members of the Ca++-binding proteins play a central role in the transduction of Ca++ signals. Utilizing a suppressive subtractive hybridization screen comparing basal and differentiated keratinocytes, we identified the novel Ca++-binding protein genes, Scarf (skin Calmodulin-related factor) and Scarf2, which have homology to calmodulin (CaM). In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the expression pattern for Scarf and Scarf2 transcripts and proteins in the developing mouse. To examine Scarf2 expression during embryogenesis, we performed in situ hybridization, and detected expression in the hair follicle, skin and nasal epithelium. These results showed substantial overlap with the previously reported Scarf gene expression [Hwang, M., Morasso, M.I., 2003. The novel murine Ca2+-binding protein, Scarf, is differentially expressed during epidermal differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 47827-47833]. Comparing the expression patterns of Scarf and Scarf2 proteins in neonatal and adult mouse skin with several structural epidermal proteins, i.e. keratin 14 (K14), keratin 1 (K1), loricrin (LOR) and filaggrin (FIL) showed that their expression overlaps K1, an early marker of keratinocyte differentiation. Interestingly, Scarf and Scarf2 were also detected in the tongue and oral epithelia, rib bone undergoing ossification and in the medullar region of thymus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M.I. Morasso
- * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 301 435 7842; fax: +1 301 435 7910. E-mail address: (M.I. Morasso)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling-dependent systems, such as the epidermal differentiation process, must effectively respond to variations in Ca2+ concentration. Members of the Ca2+-binding proteins play a central function in the transduction of Ca2+ signals, exerting their roles through a Ca2+-dependent interaction with their target proteins, spatially and temporally. By performing a suppression subtractive hybridization screen we identified a novel mouse gene, Scarf (skin calmodulin-related factor), which has homology to calmodulin (CaM)-like Ca2+-binding protein genes and is exclusively expressed in differentiating keratinocytes in the epidermis. The Scarf open reading frame encodes a 148-amino acid protein that contains four conserved EF-hand motifs (predicted to be Ca2+-binding domains) and has homology to mouse CaM, human CaM-like protein, hClp, and human CaM-like skin protein, hClsp. The functionality of Scarf EF-hand domains was assayed with a radioactive Ca2+-binding method. By Southern blot and computational genome sequence analysis, a highly related gene, Scarf2, was found 15 kb downstream of Scarf on mouse chromosome 13. The functional Scarf Ca2+-binding domains suggest a role in the regulation of epidermal differentiation through the control of Ca2+-mediated signaling.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Blotting, Western
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Calmodulin/metabolism
- Calpain
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular
- Epidermal Cells
- Epidermis/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Library
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization
- Introns
- Keratinocytes/cytology
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Open Reading Frames
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Scavenger Receptors, Class F
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction
- Tissue Distribution
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria I. Morasso
- ‡ To whom correspondence should be addressed: Developmental Skin Biology Unit, Bldg. 50, Rm. 1525, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Tel.: 301-435-7842; Fax: 301-435-7910; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The natural sexes of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are the self-fertilizing hermaphrodite (XX) and the male (XO). The underlying genetic pathway controlling sexual phenotype has been extensively investigated. Mutations in key regulatory genes have been used to create a series of stable populations in which sex is determined not by X chromosome dosage, but in a variety of other ways, many of which mimic the diverse sex-determination systems found in different animal species. Most of these artificial strains have male and female sexes. Each of seven autosomal genes can be made to adopt a role as the primary determinant of sex, and each of the five autosomes can carry the primary determinant, thereby becoming a sex chromosome. Strains with sex determination by fragment chromosomes, episomes, compound chromosomes, or environmental factors have also been constructed. The creation of these strains demonstrates the ease with which one sex-determination system can be transformed into another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hodgkin
- Genetics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The sol operon of Clostridium acetobutylicum is the essential transcription unit for formation of the solvents butanol and acetone. The recent proposal that transcriptional regulation of this operon is controlled by the repressor Orf5/SolR (R. V. Nair, E. M. Green, D. E. Watson, G. N. Bennett, and E. T. Papoutsakis, J. Bacteriol. 181:319-330, 1999) was found to be incorrect. Instead, regulation depends on activation, most probably by the multivalent transcription factor Spo0A. The operon is transcribed from a single promoter. A second signal identified in primer extension studies results from mRNA processing and can be observed only in the natural host, not in a heterologous host. The first structural gene in the operon (adhE, encoding a bifunctional butyraldehyde/butanol dehydrogenase) is translated into two different proteins, the mature AdhE enzyme and the separate butanol dehydrogenase domain. The promoter of the sol operon is preceded by three imperfect repeats and a putative Spo0A-binding motif, which partially overlaps with repeat 3 (R3). Reporter gene analysis performed with the lacZ gene of Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurigenes and targeted mutations of the regulatory region revealed that the putative Spo0A-binding motif, R3, and R1 are essential for control. The data obtained also indicate that an additional activator protein is involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Thormann
- Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nakamura Y, Fukiage C, Shih M, Ma H, David LL, Azuma M, Shearer TR. Contribution of calpain Lp82-induced proteolysis to experimental cataractogenesis in mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41:1460-6. [PMID: 10798663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present experiments was to provide a biochemical mechanism for the involvement of lens-specific calpain Lp82 in experimental cataractogenesis in mice. METHODS Nuclear cataracts were produced by culturing lenses from 4-week-old mice and rats in calcium ionophore A23187 or by injection of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) into 7-day-old mice. Casein zymography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblot analysis, calcium determinations, in vitro precipitation, and cleavage site analysis by mass spectrometry were performed on lens samples. RESULTS Amino acid sequences for Lp82 were found to be highly conserved in lenses from mouse to cow, and expressed Lp82 proteolytic activity was high in the mouse and rat. Lenses from mice were more susceptible to A23187-induced cataract and BSO cataracts than rats. Both types of cataracts showed rapid elevation of calcium, activation of Lp82 and m-calpain, and proteolysis of crystallins. Lp82 caused in vitro precipitation of crystallins; and in contrast to m-calpain, Lp82 truncated only the first five amino acids from the C-terminus of alphaA-crystallin. CONCLUSIONS Under pathologic conditions of massive elevation of lens calcium found in young rodent lenses, overactivation of Lp82 and m-calpain leads to rapid truncation of crystallins at both common and unique cleavage sites, precipitation of truncated crystallins, and cataract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakamura
- Research Laboratories, Senju Pharmaceutical, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ma H, Shih M, Hata I, Fukiage C, Azuma M, Shearer TR. Lp85 calpain is an enzymatically active rodent-specific isozyme of lens Lp82. Curr Eye Res 2000; 20:183-9. [PMID: 10694893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES To clone and sequence the cDNA for Lp85 calpain from young rat lens, and to test for Lp85 protein expression and proteolytic activity. METHODS RT-PCR and molecular cloning were performed on total RNA from 12 day-old rats. Lp85 protein expression was visualized by immunoblotting using a specific antibody developed to the unique peptide sequence in Lp85. Proteolytic activity was assessed by casein zymography. Transient expression of Lp85 and previously characterized lens-specific calpain Lp82 were separately performed in mammalian COS-7 cells. RESULTS The 2410-bp cDNA for rat lens Lp85 encoded a protein of 737 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 85.0 kDa and a predicted pI of 5.67. The amino acid sequence of Lp85 was identical to Lp82 except for an insert region of 28 amino acids in domain IV of the calcium-binding region. mRNA and protein for Lp85 were present only in rat and mouse lenses and not in other tissues or species. Lp85 protein concentrations were highest in the nuclear region, most concentrated in the insoluble fraction, disappeared with lens maturation, and Lp85 exhibited migration similar to Lp82 on native PAGE gels. Lp85 was enzymatically active when expressed in COS-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Lp85 is a newly classified, lens- and rodent-specific, enzymatically active, member of the AX1 (alternative exon 1) subclass of calpains. In conjunction with Lp82 and m-calpain in lens, Lp85 may be responsible for proteolysis during normal lens development and maturation or during cataract formation in young rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ma
- Departments of Oral Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Ophthalmology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kamei M, Webb GC, Heydon K, Hendry IA, Young IG, Campbell HD. Solh, the mouse homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster small optic lobes gene: organization, chromosomal mapping, and localization of gene product to the olfactory bulb. Genomics 2000; 64:82-9. [PMID: 10708520 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.6098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster small optic lobes gene (sol) is required for normal development of the neuropiles of the medulla and lobula complexes of the adult optic lobes. The predicted protein products of sol and its human homologue SOLH contain zinc-finger-like repeats, a calpain-like protease domain, and a C-terminal domain of unknown function. Long-distance PCR was used to amplify genomic DNA for Solh, the mouse homologue of sol, following the identification of mouse Solh expressed sequence tags. The nucleotide sequence of the Solh coding region (6.0 kb) was determined. The predicted Solh protein of 1095 amino acid residues shows 89% identity (93% similarity) to the human homologue. Solh was localized by in situ hybridization to band A3.3 on mouse Chromosome 17, in a region of maintained homology with human 16p13.3. Antipeptide antibodies were prepared and verified by demonstration of specific reactivity with recombinant human SOLH protein prepared by in vitro transcription/translation and expression in insect cells using the baculovirus system. The antibodies were used to show that the Solh protein localizes to the olfactory bulb in mouse and rat brain, suggesting that it could have an analogous role in development of sensory system neurons in Drosophila and in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kamei
- Molecular Genetics and Evolution Group and Centre for Molecular Structure and Function, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|