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Garb J, Amitai G, Lu A, Ofir G, Brandis A, Mehlman T, Kranzusch PJ, Sorek R. The SARM1 TIR domain produces glycocyclic ADPR molecules as minor products. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302251. [PMID: 38635746 PMCID: PMC11025887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 (SARM1) is a protein involved in programmed death of injured axons. Following axon injury or a drug-induced insult, the TIR domain of SARM1 degrades the essential molecule nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), leading to a form of axonal death called Wallerian degeneration. Degradation of NAD+ by SARM1 is essential for the Wallerian degeneration process, but accumulating evidence suggest that other activities of SARM1, beyond the mere degradation of NAD+, may be necessary for programmed axonal death. In this study we show that the TIR domains of both human and fruit fly SARM1 produce 1''-2' and 1''-3' glycocyclic ADP-ribose (gcADPR) molecules as minor products. As previously reported, we observed that SARM1 TIR domains mostly convert NAD+ to ADPR (for human SARM1) or cADPR (in the case of SARM1 from Drosophila melanogaster). However, we now show that human and Drosophila SARM1 additionally convert ~0.1-0.5% of NAD+ into gcADPR molecules. We find that SARM1 TIR domains produce gcADPR molecules both when purified in vitro and when expressed in bacterial cells. Given that gcADPR is a second messenger involved in programmed cell death in bacteria and likely in plants, we propose that gcADPR may play a role in SARM1-induced programmed axonal death in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Garb
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gil Amitai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Allen Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Gal Ofir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tevie Mehlman
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Philip J Kranzusch
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rotem Sorek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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2
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Barber S, Gomez-Godinez V, Young J, Wei A, Chen S, Snissarenko A, Chan SS, Wu C, Shi L. Impacts of H 2O 2, SARM1 inhibition, and high NAm concentrations on Huntington's disease laser-induced degeneration. J Biophotonics 2024; 17:e202300370. [PMID: 38185916 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is a key component of neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nicotinamide, an NAD+ precursor, has long since been implicated in axonal protection and reduction of degeneration. However, studies on nicotinamide (NAm) supplementation in humans indicate that NAm has no protective effect. Sterile alpha and toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1) regulates several cell responses to axonal damage and has been implicated in promoting neuronal degeneration. SARM1 inhibition seems to result in protection from neuronal degeneration while hydrogen peroxide has been implicated in oxidative stress and axonal degeneration. The effects of laser-induced axonal damage in wild-type and HD dorsal root ganglion cells treated with NAm, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and SARM1 inhibitor DSRM-3716 were investigated and the cell body width, axon width, axonal strength, and axon shrinkage post laser-induced injury were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Barber
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Veronica Gomez-Godinez
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Joy Young
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Abigail Wei
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sarah Chen
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anna Snissarenko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sze Sze Chan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linda Shi
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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3
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Zeng H, Mayberry JE, Wadkins D, Chen N, Summers DW, Kuehn MH. Loss of Sarm1 reduces retinal ganglion cell loss in chronic glaucoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:23. [PMID: 38331947 PMCID: PMC10854189 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide and vision loss in the disease results from the deterioration of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons. Metabolic dysfunction of RGC plays a significant role in the onset and progression of the disease in both human patients and rodent models, highlighting the need to better define the mechanisms regulating cellular energy metabolism in glaucoma. This study sought to determine if Sarm1, a gene involved in axonal degeneration and NAD+ metabolism, contributes to glaucomatous RGC loss in a mouse model with chronic elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Our data demonstrate that after 16 weeks of elevated IOP, Sarm1 knockout (KO) mice retain significantly more RGC than control animals. Sarm1 KO mice also performed significantly better when compared to control mice during optomotor testing, indicating that visual function is preserved in this group. Our findings also indicate that Sarm1 KO mice display mild ocular developmental abnormalities, including reduced optic nerve axon diameter and lower visual acuity than controls. Finally, we present data to indicate that SARM1 expression in the optic nerve is most prominently associated with oligodendrocytes. Taken together, these data suggest that attenuating Sarm1 activity through gene therapy, pharmacologic inhibition, or NAD+ supplementation, may be a novel therapeutic approach for patients with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jordan E Mayberry
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - David Wadkins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Nathan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Daniel W Summers
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Markus H Kuehn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
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4
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Miao X, Wu Q, Du S, Xiang L, Zhou S, Zhu J, Chen Z, Wang H, Pan X, Fan Y, Zhang L, Qian J, Xing Y, Xie Y, Hu L, Xu H, Wang W, Wang Y, Huang Z. SARM1 Promotes Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2024; 15:390-407. [PMID: 37307837 PMCID: PMC10796105 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Sterile Alpha and Toll Interleukin Receptor Motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1) has been shown to promote axonal degeneration and is involved in neuroinflammation. However, the role of SARM1 in AD remains unclear. In this study, we found that SARM1 was reduced in hippocampal neurons of AD model mice. Interestingly, conditional knockout (CKO) of SARM1 in the central nervous system (CNS, SARM1Nestin-CKO mice) delayed the cognitive decline in APP/PS1 AD model mice. Furthermore, SARM1 deletion reduced the Aβ deposition and inflammatory infiltration in the hippocampus and inhibited neurodegeneration in APP/PS1 AD model mice. Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms revealed that the signaling of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was downregulated in the hippocampus tissues of APP/PS1;SARM1Nestin-CKO mice, thereby alleviating the cognitive decline, Aβ deposition and inflammatory infiltration. These findings identify unrecognized functions of SARM1 in promoting AD and reveal the SARM1-TNF-α pathway in AD model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Miao
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Siyu Du
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Ludan Xiang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Siyao Zhou
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Junzhe Zhu
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325205, China.
| | - Zirun Chen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325205, China.
| | - Xuyi Pan
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325205, China.
| | - Yiren Fan
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325205, China.
| | - Lihan Zhang
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325205, China.
| | - Jingkang Qian
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325205, China.
| | - Yuxuan Xing
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325205, China.
| | - Yiyang Xie
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325205, China.
| | - Lixin Hu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Haiyun Xu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| | - Zhihui Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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5
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Shanahan KA, Davis GM, Doran CG, Sugisawa R, Davey GP, Bowie AG. SARM1 regulates NAD +-linked metabolism and select immune genes in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105620. [PMID: 38176648 PMCID: PMC10847163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sterile alpha and HEAT/armadillo motif-containing protein (SARM1) was recently described as a NAD+-consuming enzyme and has previously been shown to regulate immune responses in macrophages. Neuronal SARM1 is known to contribute to axon degeneration due to its NADase activity. However, how SARM1 affects macrophage metabolism has not been explored. Here, we show that macrophages from Sarm1-/- mice display elevated NAD+ concentrations and lower cyclic ADP-ribose, a known product of SARM1-dependent NAD+ catabolism. Further, SARM1-deficient macrophages showed an increase in the reserve capacity of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis compared to WT cells. Stimulation of macrophages to a proinflammatory state by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) revealed that SARM1 restricts the ability of macrophages to upregulate glycolysis and limits the expression of the proinflammatory gene interleukin (Il) 1b, but boosts expression of anti-inflammatory Il10. In contrast, we show macrophages lacking SARM1 induced to an anti-inflammatory state by IL-4 stimulation display increased oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, and reduced expression of the anti-inflammatory gene, Fizz1. Overall, these data show that SARM1 fine-tunes immune gene transcription in macrophages via consumption of NAD+ and altered macrophage metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Shanahan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gavin M Davis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara G Doran
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ryoichi Sugisawa
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gavin P Davey
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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6
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Miyamoto T, Kim C, Chow J, Dugas JC, DeGroot J, Bagdasarian AL, Thottumkara AP, Larhammar M, Calvert ME, Fox BM, Lewcock JW, Kane LA. SARM1 is responsible for calpain-dependent dendrite degeneration in mouse hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105630. [PMID: 38199568 PMCID: PMC10862016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sterile alpha and toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing 1 (SARM1) is a critical regulator of axon degeneration that acts through hydrolysis of NAD+ following injury. Recent work has defined the mechanisms underlying SARM1's catalytic activity and advanced our understanding of SARM1 function in axons, yet the role of SARM1 signaling in other compartments of neurons is still not well understood. Here, we show in cultured hippocampal neurons that endogenous SARM1 is present in axons, dendrites, and cell bodies and that direct activation of SARM1 by the neurotoxin Vacor causes not just axon degeneration, but degeneration of all neuronal compartments. In contrast to the axon degeneration pathway defined in dorsal root ganglia, SARM1-dependent hippocampal axon degeneration in vitro is not sensitive to inhibition of calpain proteases. Dendrite degeneration downstream of SARM1 in hippocampal neurons is dependent on calpain 2, a calpain protease isotype enriched in dendrites in this cell type. In summary, these data indicate SARM1 plays a critical role in neurodegeneration outside of axons and elucidates divergent pathways leading to degeneration in hippocampal axons and dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chaeyoung Kim
- Denali Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Johann Chow
- Denali Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jason C Dugas
- Denali Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jack DeGroot
- Denali Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian M Fox
- Denali Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Lesley A Kane
- Denali Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA.
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7
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Zhou K, Tan Y, Zhang G, Li J, Xing S, Chen X, Wen J, Li G, Fan Y, Zeng J, Zhang J. Loss of SARM1 ameliorates secondary thalamic neurodegeneration after cerebral infarction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:224-238. [PMID: 37898107 PMCID: PMC10993876 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231210694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes secondary neurodegeneration in the thalamus ipsilateral to the infarction site and impedes neurological recovery. Axonal degeneration of thalamocortical fibers and autophagy overactivation are involved in thalamic neurodegeneration after ischemic stroke. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying thalamic neurodegeneration remain unclear. Sterile /Armadillo/Toll-Interleukin receptor homology domain protein (SARM1) can induce Wallerian degeneration. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of SARM1 in thalamic neurodegeneration and autophagy activation after photothrombotic infarction. Neurological deficits measured using modified neurological severity scores and adhesive-removal test were ameliorated in Sarm1-/- mice after photothrombotic infarction. Compared with wild-type mice, Sarm1-/- mice exhibited unaltered infarct volume; however, there were markedly reduced neuronal death and gliosis in the ipsilateral thalamus. In parallel, autophagy activation was attenuated in the thalamus of Sarm1-/- mice after cerebral infarction. Thalamic Sarm1 re-expression in Sarm1-/- mice increased thalamic neurodegeneration and promoted autophagy activation. Auotophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenine partially alleviated thalamic damage induced by SARM1. Moreover, autophagic initiation through rapamycin treatment aggravated post-stroke neuronal death and gliosis in Sarm1-/- mice. Taken together, SARM1 contributes to secondary thalamic neurodegeneration after cerebral infarction, at least partly through autophagy inhibition. SARM1 deficiency is a potential therapeutic strategy for secondary thalamic neurodegeneration and functional deficits after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology; Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology; Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology; Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology; Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihui Xing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology; Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinran Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology; Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology; Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology; Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology; Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology; Guangzhou, China
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8
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Luo H, Lao L, Au KS, Northrup H, He X, Forget D, Gauthier MS, Coulombe B, Bourdeau I, Shi W, Gagliardi L, Fragoso MCBV, Peng J, Wu J. ARMC5 controls the degradation of most Pol II subunits, and ARMC5 mutation increases neural tube defect risks in mice and humans. Genome Biol 2024; 25:19. [PMID: 38225631 PMCID: PMC10789052 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03147-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects (NTDs) are caused by genetic and environmental factors. ARMC5 is part of a novel ubiquitin ligase specific for POLR2A, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). RESULTS We find that ARMC5 knockout mice have increased incidence of NTDs, such as spina bifida and exencephaly. Surprisingly, the absence of ARMC5 causes the accumulation of not only POLR2A but also most of the other 11 Pol II subunits, indicating that the degradation of the whole Pol II complex is compromised. The enlarged Pol II pool does not lead to generalized Pol II stalling or a generalized decrease in mRNA transcription. In neural progenitor cells, ARMC5 knockout only dysregulates 106 genes, some of which are known to be involved in neural tube development. FOLH1, critical in folate uptake and hence neural tube development, is downregulated in the knockout intestine. We also identify nine deleterious mutations in the ARMC5 gene in 511 patients with myelomeningocele, a severe form of spina bifida. These mutations impair the interaction between ARMC5 and Pol II and reduce Pol II ubiquitination. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in ARMC5 increase the risk of NTDs in mice and humans. ARMC5 is part of an E3 controlling the degradation of all 12 subunits of Pol II under physiological conditions. The Pol II pool size might have effects on NTD pathogenesis, and some of the effects might be via the downregulation of FOLH1. Additional mechanistic work is needed to establish the causal effect of the findings on NTD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Luo
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Linjiang Lao
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kit Sing Au
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hope Northrup
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiao He
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Diane Forget
- Department of Translational Proteomics, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Soleil Gauthier
- Department of Translational Proteomics, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Coulombe
- Department of Translational Proteomics, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bourdeau
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wei Shi
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lucia Gagliardi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria Candida Barisson Villares Fragoso
- Unidade de Suprarrenal Disciplina de Endocrinologia E Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junzheng Peng
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Division of Nephrology, CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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9
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Brazill JM, Shen IR, Craft CS, Magee KL, Park JS, Lorenz M, Strickland A, Wee NK, Zhang X, Beeve AT, Meyer GA, Milbrandt J, DiAntonio A, Scheller EL. Sarm1 knockout prevents type 1 diabetic bone disease in females independent of neuropathy. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e175159. [PMID: 38175722 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes have a high risk of developing skeletal diseases accompanied by diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In this study, we isolated the role of DPN in skeletal disease with global and conditional knockout models of sterile-α and TIR-motif-containing protein-1 (Sarm1). SARM1, an NADase highly expressed in the nervous system, regulates axon degeneration upon a range of insults, including DPN. Global knockout of Sarm1 prevented DPN, but not skeletal disease, in male mice with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Female wild-type mice also developed diabetic bone disease but without DPN. Unexpectedly, global Sarm1 knockout completely protected female mice from T1D-associated bone suppression and skeletal fragility despite comparable muscle atrophy and hyperglycemia. Global Sarm1 knockout rescued bone health through sustained osteoblast function with abrogation of local oxidative stress responses. This was independent of the neural actions of SARM1, as beneficial effects on bone were lost with neural conditional Sarm1 knockout. This study demonstrates that the onset of skeletal disease occurs rapidly in both male and female mice with T1D completely independently of DPN. In addition, this reveals that clinical SARM1 inhibitors, currently being developed for treatment of neuropathy, may also have benefits for diabetic bone through actions outside of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana R Shen
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Kristann L Magee
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jay S Park
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Madelyn Lorenz
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Amy Strickland
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Natalie K Wee
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alec T Beeve
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Erica L Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, and
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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10
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Kim HR, Lee HJ, Jeon Y, Jang SY, Shin YK, Yun JH, Park HJ, Koh H, Lee KE, Shin JE, Park HT. Targeting SARM1 improves autophagic stress-induced axonal neuropathy. Autophagy 2024; 20:29-44. [PMID: 37561040 PMCID: PMC10761069 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2244861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS AAV: adeno-associated virus; ATF3: activating transcription factor 3; ATG7: autophagy related 7; AVIL: advillin; cADPR: cyclic ADP ribose; CALC: calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide; CMT: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; cKO: conditional knockout; DEG: differentially expressed gene; DRG: dorsal root ganglion; FE-SEM: field emission scanning electron microscopy; IF: immunofluorescence; NCV: nerve conduction velocity; PVALB: parvalbumin; RAG: regeneration-associated gene; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SARM1: sterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif containing 1; SYN1: synapsin I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ran Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Translational Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Translational Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yewon Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Jang
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Translational Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyoung Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Translational Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean Ho Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Park
- Neuroscience Translational Research Solution Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyongjong Koh
- Neuroscience Translational Research Solution Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Translational Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Translational Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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11
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Murata H, Phoo MTZ, Ochi T, Tomonobu N, Yamamoto KI, Kinoshita R, Miyazaki I, Nishibori M, Asanuma M, Sakaguchi M. Phosphorylated SARM1 is involved in the pathological process of rotenone-induced neurodegeneration. J Biochem 2023; 174:533-548. [PMID: 37725528 PMCID: PMC11033528 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1) is a NAD+ hydrolase that plays a key role in axonal degeneration and neuronal cell death. We reported that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activates SARM1 through phosphorylation at Ser-548. The importance of SARM1 phosphorylation in the pathological process of Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been determined. We thus conducted the present study by using rotenone (an inducer of PD-like pathology) and neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from healthy donors and a patient with familial PD PARK2 (FPD2). The results showed that compared to the healthy neurons, FPD2 neurons were more vulnerable to rotenone-induced stress and had higher levels of SARM1 phosphorylation. Similar cellular events were obtained when we used PARK2-knockdown neurons derived from healthy donor iPSCs. These events in both types of PD-model neurons were suppressed in neurons treated with JNK inhibitors, Ca2+-signal inhibitors, or by a SARM1-knockdown procedure. The degenerative events were enhanced in neurons overexpressing wild-type SARM1 and conversely suppressed in neurons overexpressing the SARM1-S548A mutant. We also detected elevated SARM1 phosphorylation in the midbrain of PD-model mice. The results indicate that phosphorylated SARM1 plays an important role in the pathological process of rotenone-induced neurodegeneration.
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Key Words
- JNK
- PARK2
- Parkinson’s disease
- Phosphorylation
- SARM1.Abbreviations: ARM, armadillo/HEAT motif; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; EGTA, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethelether)-N: N: N: N-tetraacetic acid; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NSC, neural stem cell; NF-L, neurofilament-L; NF-M, neurofilament-M; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PINK1, PTEN-induced kinase 1; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SAM, sterile alpha motif; SARM1, sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin receptor motif-containing protein 1; SNpc, substantia nigra pars compacta; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; TIR, Toll/interleukin receptor; WT, wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - May Tha Zin Phoo
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ochi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nahoko Tomonobu
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ikuko Miyazaki
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Translational Research and Drug Development, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masato Asanuma
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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12
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Icso JD, Thompson PR. A phase transition reduces the threshold for nicotinamide mononucleotide-based activation of SARM1, an NAD(P) hydrolase, to physiologically relevant levels. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105284. [PMID: 37742918 PMCID: PMC10624580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is a hallmark feature of neurodegenerative diseases. Activation of the NAD(P)ase sterile alpha and toll-interleukin receptor motif containing protein 1 (SARM1) is critical for this process. In resting neurons, SARM1 activity is inhibited, but upon damage, SARM1 is activated and catalyzes one of three NAD(P)+ dependent reactions: (1) NAD(P)+ hydrolysis to form ADP-ribose (ADPR[P]) and nicotinamide; (2) the formation of cyclic-ADPR (cADPR[P]); or (3) a base exchange reaction with nicotinic acid (NA) and NADP+ to form NA adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Production of these metabolites triggers axonal death. Two activation mechanisms have been proposed: (1) an increase in the nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) concentration, which leads to the allosteric activation of SARM1, and (2) a phase transition, which stabilizes the active conformation of the enzyme. However, neither of these mechanisms have been shown to occur at the same time. Using in vitro assay systems, we show that the liquid-to-solid phase transition lowers the NMN concentration required to activate the catalytic activity of SARM1 by up to 140-fold. These results unify the proposed activation mechanisms and show for the first time that a phase transition reduces the threshold for NMN-based SARM1 activation to physiologically relevant levels. These results further our understanding of SARM1 activation and will be important for the future development of therapeutics targeting SARM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Doedée Icso
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medial School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Ryan Thompson
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medial School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
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13
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Montoro-Gámez C, Nolte H, Molinié T, Evangelista G, Tröder SE, Barth E, Popovic M, Trifunovic A, Zevnik B, Langer T, Rugarli EI. SARM1 deletion delays cerebellar but not spinal cord degeneration in an enhanced mouse model of SPG7 deficiency. Brain 2023; 146:4117-4131. [PMID: 37086482 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a neurological condition characterized by predominant axonal degeneration in long spinal tracts, leading to weakness and spasticity in the lower limbs. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-consuming enzyme SARM1 has emerged as a key executioner of axonal degeneration upon nerve transection and in some neuropathies. An increase in the nicotinamide mononucleotide/NAD+ ratio activates SARM1, causing catastrophic NAD+ depletion and axonal degeneration. However, the role of SARM1 in the pathogenesis of hereditary spastic paraplegia has not been investigated. Here, we report an enhanced mouse model for hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by mutations in SPG7. The eSpg7 knockout mouse carries a deletion in both Spg7 and Afg3l1, a redundant homologue expressed in mice but not in humans. The eSpg7 knockout mice recapitulate the phenotypic features of human patients, showing progressive symptoms of spastic-ataxia and degeneration of axons in the spinal cord as well as the cerebellum. We show that the lack of SPG7 rewires the mitochondrial proteome in both tissues, leading to an early onset decrease in mito-ribosomal subunits and a remodelling of mitochondrial solute carriers and transporters. To interrogate mechanisms leading to axonal degeneration in this mouse model, we explored the involvement of SARM1. Deletion of SARM1 delays the appearance of ataxic signs, rescues mitochondrial swelling and axonal degeneration of cerebellar granule cells and dampens neuroinflammation in the cerebellum. The loss of SARM1 also prevents endoplasmic reticulum abnormalities in long spinal cord axons, but does not halt the degeneration of these axons. Our data thus reveal a neuron-specific interplay between SARM1 and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by lack of SPG7 in hereditary spastic paraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Montoro-Gámez
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Thibaut Molinié
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Giovanna Evangelista
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Simon E Tröder
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne 50931, Germany
- in vivo Research Facility, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Esther Barth
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Milica Popovic
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Branko Zevnik
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne 50931, Germany
- in vivo Research Facility, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne 50931, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Elena I Rugarli
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
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14
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Shuaib M, Prajapati KS, Singh AK, Kumar S. Discovery of differentially expressed novel miRNAs in breast normal cells and their putative targets. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2361-2378. [PMID: 36680668 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical role in normal breast development and their altered expression may lead to breast cancer. Identification of new miRNAs allows us to understand the normal physiological process and associated disease pathophysiology. In the present study we identify the novel miRNAs in withaferin A treated breast normal cells (MCF-10A) using small RNA sequencing. The pathophysiological potential of the identified miRNAs was checked by studying their expression pattern in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells using qRT-PCR technique. The secondary/tertiary structure of the identified miRNAs, target gene enrichment in Gene Ontology terms and KEGG pathway, miRNA-mRNA interaction of the sorted target genes, miRNA-mRNA/miRNA-argonaute protein/miRNA-mRNA-argonaute protein interaction and stability, were studied using bioinformatics tools/software, and molecular dynamics simulations. Hsa-miR-N88585 and hsa-miR-N461089 were identified and validated as novel miRNAs in normal breast cells. Up-expression of identified miRNAs in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells indicates their oncogenic nature. Identified target genes were enriched in classical signaling pathways (AMPK and Ras) and important GO terms. PLXDC2, BHLHE40, ARMC8, and PECAM1, CDC27, KCNK3 genes were sorted as putative targets for hsa-miR-N88585 and hsa-miR-N461089, respectively. MD simulation revealed stable hsa-miR-N88585/hsa-miR-N461089-AGO protein complex formation which indicates their further processing. In conclusion, the study identifies hsa-miR-N88585 and hsa-miR-N461089 as novel miRNAs in breast normal cells which are significantly inversely expressed in breast cancer cells. Further experiments are required to study the role of identified novel miRNAs in normal breast development and pathophysiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shuaib
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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15
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Hella Z, Tőke J, Patócs A, Varga Z, Dabasi G, Kovács GL, Tóth M. [Macronodular adrenal hyperplasia causing Cushing's syndrome due to ARMC5 gene mutation.]. Orv Hetil 2023; 164:1271-1277. [PMID: 37573559 DOI: 10.1556/650.2023.32817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Our 69-year-old female patient was investigated for a 20 kg weight gain over 2 years. The patient's medical history included hypertension, hyperuricemia, bilateral cataract surgery and musculosceletal complaints. Diabetes mellitus was not found. Physical examination revealed abdominal obesity, proximal myopathy and atrophic, vulnerable skin. The "overnight", low-dose and long, low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests indicated autonomous cortisol overproduction (plasma cortisol level: 172.6 and 153.2 nmol/L, cut-off: 50 nmol/L). The suppressed ACTH (<1.11 pmol/L, normal value: 1.12-10.75 pmol/L) suggested ACTH-independent hypercortisolism. Abdominal CT described macronodular enlargement of both adrenals. The size of the largest nodule was 23 × 20 mm in the right, and 24 × 30 mm on the left side (with -33 ± 37 HU density values on native scans). The 131I-cholesterol adrenal scintigraphy and SPECT/CT showed almost equally intensive radiopharmacon uptake on both sides. Based on the clinical results, bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia associated with ACTH-independent hypercortisolism was diagnosed. Genomic DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood leukocytes. Targeted sequencing of 25 genes potentially involved in adrenal tumorigenesis revealed a new disease-causing armadillo repeat-containing 5 (ARMC5) gene mutation (c.1724del28 bp, g.31,476,067-31,476,094). Because of the autosomal dominant inheritance of this genetic alteration, the patient's two children underwent genetic screening for the ARMC5 mutation. The same mutation was found in the younger child of our patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published Hungarian case of ARMC5 mutation with bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia and ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome. The genetic alteration is present in two generations of the family of the index patient. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(32): 1271-1277.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Hella
- 1 Misszió Egészségügyi Központ, Endokrinológia szakrendelés Veresegyház Magyarország
| | - Judit Tőke
- 2 Semmelweis Egyetem, Belgyógyászati és Onkológiai Klinika, Endo-ERN Központ Budapest, Korányi S. u. 2/A, 1083 Magyarország
| | - Attila Patócs
- 3 Semmelweis Egyetem, Laboratóriumi Medicina Intézet és MTA Örökletes Daganatok Kutatócsoport Budapest Magyarország
| | - Zsolt Varga
- 4 Semmelweis Egyetem, Orvosi Képalkotó Klinika, Nukleáris Medicina Tanszék Budapest Magyarország
| | - Gabriella Dabasi
- 4 Semmelweis Egyetem, Orvosi Képalkotó Klinika, Nukleáris Medicina Tanszék Budapest Magyarország
| | - Gábor László Kovács
- 5 Kistarcsai Flór Ferenc Kórház, I. Belgyógyászati Osztály Kistarcsa Magyarország
| | - Miklós Tóth
- 2 Semmelweis Egyetem, Belgyógyászati és Onkológiai Klinika, Endo-ERN Központ Budapest, Korányi S. u. 2/A, 1083 Magyarország
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16
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Alexandris AS, Lee Y, Lehar M, Alam Z, McKenney J, Perdomo D, Ryu J, Welsbie D, Zack DJ, Koliatsos VE. Traumatic Axonal Injury in the Optic Nerve: The Selective Role of SARM1 in the Evolution of Distal Axonopathy. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:1743-1761. [PMID: 36680758 PMCID: PMC10460965 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic axonal injury (TAI), thought to be caused by rotational acceleration of the head, is a prevalent neuropathology in traumatic brain injury (TBI). TAI in the optic nerve is a common finding in multiple blunt-force TBI models and hence a great model to study mechanisms and treatments for TAI, especially in view of the compartmentalized anatomy of the visual system. We have previously shown that the somata and the proximal, but not distal, axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) respond to DLK/LZK blockade after impact acceleration of the head (IA-TBI). Here, we explored the role of the sterile alpha and TIR-motif containing 1 (SARM1), the key driver of Wallerian degeneration (WD), in the progressive breakdown of distal and proximal segments of the optic nerve following IA-TBI with high-resolution morphological and classical neuropathological approaches. Wild type and Sarm1 knockout (KO) mice received IA-TBI or sham injury and were allowed to survive for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Ultrastructural and microscopic analyses revealed that TAI in the optic nerve is characterized by variable involvement of individual axons, ranging from apparent early disconnection of a subpopulation of axons to a range of ongoing axonal and myelin perturbations. Traumatic axonal injury resulted in the degeneration of a population of axons distal and proximal to the injury, along with retrograde death of a subpopulation of RGCs. Quantitative analyses on proximal and distal axons and RGC somata revealed that different neuronal domains exhibit differential vulnerability, with distal axon segments showing more severe degeneration compared with proximal segments and RGC somata. Importantly, we found that Sarm1 KO had a profound effect in the distal optic nerve by suppressing axonal degeneration by up to 50% in the first 2 weeks after IA-TBI, with a continued but lower effect at 3 weeks, while also suppressing microglial activation. Sarm1 KO had no evident effect on the initial traumatic disconnection and did not ameliorate the proximal optic axonopathy or the subsequent attrition of RGCs, indicating that the fate of different axonal segments in the course of TAI may depend on distinct molecular programs within axons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youngrim Lee
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohamed Lehar
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zahra Alam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James McKenney
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dianela Perdomo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiwon Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Derek Welsbie
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Donald J. Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vassilis E. Koliatsos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Yamaguchi H, Morikawa M, Kikkawa M. Calaxin stabilizes the docking of outer arm dyneins onto ciliary doublet microtubule in vertebrates. eLife 2023; 12:e84860. [PMID: 37057896 PMCID: PMC10139691 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer arm dynein (OAD) is the main force generator of ciliary beating. Although OAD loss is the most frequent cause of human primary ciliary dyskinesia, the docking mechanism of OAD onto the ciliary doublet microtubule (DMT) remains elusive in vertebrates. Here, we analyzed the functions of Calaxin/Efcab1 and Armc4, the two of five components of vertebrate OAD-DC (docking complex), using zebrafish spermatozoa and cryo-electron tomography. Mutation of armc4 caused complete loss of OAD, whereas mutation of calaxin caused only partial loss of OAD. Detailed structural analysis revealed that calaxin-/- OADs are tethered to DMT through DC components other than Calaxin, and that recombinant Calaxin can autonomously rescue the deficient DC structure and the OAD instability. Our data demonstrate the discrete roles of Calaxin and Armc4 in the OAD-DMT interaction, suggesting the stabilizing process of OAD docking onto DMT in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Motohiro Morikawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masahide Kikkawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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18
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Tang P, Zhang J, Peng S, Yan X, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu G, Xu J, Huang Y, Zhang D, Liu Q, Jiang J, Lan W. Primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PBMAH) patient with ARMC5 mutations. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:77. [PMID: 37029354 PMCID: PMC10080789 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a highly heterogeneous disease with divergent manifestations ranging from asymptomatic subclinical Cushing syndrome (CS) to overt Cushing syndrome with severe complications. ARMC5 mutations occur in 20 to 55% PBMAH patients usually with more severe phenotypes. Different ARMC5 mutations might be associated with diverse phenotypes of PBMAH. CASE PRESENTATION A 39-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with progressive weight gain and severe hypertension. He presented typical CS and its classical metabolic and bone complications like hypertension and osteoporosis. The laboratory results showed high levels of cortisol and low levels of ACTH. Low- and high-dosed dexamethasone suppression tests were negative. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple bilateral irregular macronodular adrenal masses. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) confirmed that the right adrenal gland with larger nodules secreted more hormone that the left side did. Right adrenalectomy and subsequent contralateral subtotal resection were conducted. His blood pressure and CS symptoms as well as comorbidities including backache and muscle weakness improved. Whole exome sequencing identified one ARMC5 germline mutation (c.1855C > T, p. R619*), five ARMC5 somatic mutations (four novel mutations) in his right and left adrenal nodules. CONCLUSIONS This PBMAH patient was identified with one ARMC5 germline mutation and five different somatic ARMC5 mutations (four novel mutations) in the different nodules of the bilateral adrenal masses. AVS combined with CT imagine could be helpful to determine the dominant side for adrenalectomy. Genetic testing is important for the diagnosis and management of the patient with PBMAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10#, ChangjiangZhilu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10#, ChangjiangZhilu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Peng
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10#, ChangjiangZhilu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzhi Yan
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10#, ChangjiangZhilu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yapeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10#, ChangjiangZhilu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10#, ChangjiangZhilu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10#, ChangjiangZhilu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaolei Liu
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10#, ChangjiangZhilu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10#, ChangjiangZhilu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10#, ChangjiangZhilu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Qiuli Liu
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10#, ChangjiangZhilu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10#, ChangjiangZhilu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weihua Lan
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10#, ChangjiangZhilu, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Tao L, Yang G, Sun T, Jie Tao, Zhu C, Yu H, Cheng Y, Yang Z, Xu M, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Wang Z, Ma W, Wu L, Xue D, Wang D, Yang W, Zhao Y, Horsefield S, Kobe B, Zhang Z, Tang Z, Li Q, Zhai Q, Dooley S, Seki E, Liu P, Xu J, Chen H, Liu C. Capsaicin receptor TRPV1 maintains quiescence of hepatic stellate cells in the liver via recruitment of SARM1. J Hepatol 2023; 78:805-819. [PMID: 36669703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Capsaicin receptor, also known as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), is involved in pain physiology and neurogenic inflammation. Herein, we discovered the presence of TRPV1 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and aimed to delineate its function in this cell type and liver fibrosis. METHODS TRPV1 expression was examined in liver biopsies from patients with liver fibrosis using quantitative real-time PCR and immunostaining. Its contribution to liver fibrosis was examined in Trpv1-/- mice, upon lentiviral delivery of the TRPV1 gene, and in human and mouse primary HSCs, using patch clamp, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization determination, FACS analyses and gain/loss of function experiments. Binding of sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1) to TRPV1 was determined using mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, surface plasmon resonance, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, and NanoBiT. RESULTS TRPV1 mRNA levels are significantly downregulated in patients with liver fibrosis and mouse models, showing a negative correlation with F stage and α-smooth muscle actin expression, a marker of HSC activation. TRPV1 expression and function decrease during HSC activation in fibrotic livers in vivo or during culture. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 in quiescent HSCs leads to NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. TRPV1 requires binding of its N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain to the TIR-His583 (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain of SARM1 to prevent HSCs from pro-inflammatory activation. Trpv1-/- mice display increased HSC activation and more severe liver fibrosis, whereas TRPV1 overexpression is antifibrotic in various disease models. CONCLUSION The antifibrotic properties of TRPV1 are attributed to the prevention of HSC activation via the recruitment of SARM1, which could be an attractive therapeutic strategy against liver fibrosis. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS We identified the neuronal channel protein TRPV1 as a gatekeeper of quiescence in hepatic stellate cells, a key driver of liver fibrogenesis and chronic liver disease. Physiologically expressed in healthy liver and consistently downregulated during liver fibrosis development, its therapeutic re-expression is expected to have few side effects, making it an attractive target diagnostic tool and drug candidate for industry and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tao
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China; Department of Infectious Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Guangyue Yang
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chan Zhu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongguo Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Mingyi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuefeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Wenting Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Liu Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Dongying Xue
- Department of Infectious Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yongjuan Zhao
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Shane Horsefield
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Qigen Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China; Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Cheng Liu
- Laboratory of Liver Disease, Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China; Department of Infectious Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China; Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, China.
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20
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Sarkar A, Dutta S, Sur M, Chakraborty S, Dey P, Mukherjee P. Early loss of endogenous NAD + following rotenone treatment leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and Sarm1 induction that is ameliorated by PARP inhibition. FEBS J 2023; 290:1596-1624. [PMID: 36239430 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sarm1 is an evolutionary conserved innate immune adaptor protein that has emerged as a primary regulator of programmed axonal degeneration over the past decade. In vitro structural insights have revealed that although Sarm1 induces energy depletion by breaking down nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+ ), it is also allosterically inhibited by NAD+ . However, how NAD+ levels modulate the activation of intracellular Sarm1 has not been elucidated so far. This study focuses on understanding the events leading to Sarm1 activation in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells using the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone. Here, we report the regulation of rotenone-induced cell death by loss of NAD+ that may act as a 'biological trigger' of Sarm1 activation. Our study revealed that early loss of endogenous NAD+ levels arising due to PARP1 hyperactivation preceded Sarm1 induction following rotenone treatment. Interestingly, replenishing NAD+ levels by the PARP inhibitor, PJ34 restored mitochondrial complex I activity and also prevented subsequent Sarm1 activation in rotenone-treated cells. These cellular data were further validated in Drosophila melanogaster where a significant reduction in rotenone-mediated loss of locomotor abilities, and reduced dSarm expression was observed in the flies following PARP inhibition. Taken together, these observations not only uncover a novel regulation of Sarm1 induction by endogenous NAD+ levels but also point towards an important understanding on how PARP inhibitors could be repurposed in the treatment of mitochondrial complex I deficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sarkar
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sourav Dutta
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Malinki Sur
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Puja Dey
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Piyali Mukherjee
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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21
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Liu W, Wei X, Liu X, Chen G, Zhang X, Liang X, Isachenko V, Sha Y, Wang Y. Biallelic mutations in ARMC12 cause asthenozoospermia and multiple midpiece defects in humans and mice. J Med Genet 2023; 60:154-162. [PMID: 35534203 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthenozoospermia is a major factor contributing to male infertility. The mitochondrial sheath (MS), an important organelle in the midpiece of spermatozoa, is crucial to sperm motility. ARMC12 is a mitochondrial peripheral membrane protein. Deletion of Armc12 impairs the arrangement of MS and causes infertility in mice. However, the role of ARMC12 in human asthenozoospermia remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To study the genetic defects in patients with asthenozoospermia. METHODS A total of 125 patients with asthenozoospermia and 120 men with proven fertility were recruited. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed for genetic analysis. Papanicolaou staining, HE staining, immunofluorescent staining, transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were employed to observe the morphological and structural defects of the spermatozoa and testes. Armc12-knockout mice were generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was used to treat the patients. RESULTS Biallelic ARMC12 mutations were identified in three patients, including homozygous mutations in two siblings from a consanguineous family and compound heterozygous mutations in one sporadic patient. ARMC12 is mainly expressed in the midpiece of elongated and late spermatids in the human testis. The patients' spermatozoa displayed multiple midpiece defects, including absent MS and central pair, scattered or forked axoneme and incomplete plasma membrane. Spermatozoa from Armc12-/- mice showed parallel defects in the midpiece. Moreover, two patients were treated with intracytoplasmic sperm injection and achieved good outcomes. CONCLUSION Our findings prove for the first time that defects in ARMC12 cause asthenozoospermia and multiple midpiece defects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Gaowen Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaomei Liang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Vladimir Isachenko
- Research Group for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Yanwei Sha
- Department of Andrology, United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Women and Children's Hospital & School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Jeong YE, Rajbhandari L, Kim BW, Venkatesan A, Hoke A. Downregulation of SF3B2 protects CNS neurons in models of multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:246-265. [PMID: 36574260 PMCID: PMC9930435 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurodegeneration induced by inflammatory stress in multiple sclerosis (MS) leads to long-term neurological disabilities that are not amenable to current immunomodulatory therapies. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we report that neuronal downregulation of Splicing factor 3b subunit 2 (SF3B2), a component of U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), preserves retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axonal integrity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-induced mice. By employing an in vitro system recapitulating the inflammatory environment of MS lesion, we show that when SF3B2 levels are downregulated, cell viability and axon integrity are preserved in cortical neurons against inflammatory toxicity. Notably, knockdown of SF3B2 suppresses the expression of injury-response and necroptosis genes and prevents activation of Sterile Alpha and TIR Motif Containing 1 (Sarm1), a key enzyme that mediates programmed axon degeneration. INTERPRETATION Together, these findings suggest that the downregulation of SF3B2 is a novel potential therapeutic target to prevent secondary neurodegeneration in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Labchan Rajbhandari
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Arun Venkatesan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Ahmet Hoke
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
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23
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Sato-Yamada Y, Strickland A, Sasaki Y, Bloom J, DiAntonio A, Milbrandt J. A SARM1-mitochondrial feedback loop drives neuropathogenesis in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A rat model. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e161566. [PMID: 36287202 PMCID: PMC9711878 DOI: 10.1172/jci161566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A) is an axonal neuropathy caused by mutations in the mitofusin 2 (MFN2) gene. MFN2 mutations result in profound mitochondrial abnormalities, but the mechanism underlying the axonal pathology is unknown. Sterile α and Toll/IL-1 receptor motif-containing 1 (SARM1), the central executioner of axon degeneration, can induce neuropathy and is activated by dysfunctional mitochondria. We tested the role of SARM1 in a rat model carrying a dominant CMT2A mutation (Mfn2H361Y) that exhibits progressive dying-back axonal degeneration, neuromuscular junction (NMJ) abnormalities, muscle atrophy, and mitochondrial abnormalities - all hallmarks of the human disease. We generated Sarm1-KO (Sarm1-/-) and Mfn2H361Y Sarm1 double-mutant rats and found that deletion of Sarm1 rescued axonal, synaptic, muscle, and functional phenotypes, demonstrating that SARM1 was responsible for much of the neuropathology in this model. Despite the presence of mutant MFN2 protein in these double-mutant rats, loss of SARM1 also dramatically suppressed many mitochondrial defects, including the number, size, and cristae density defects of synaptic mitochondria. This surprising finding indicates that dysfunctional mitochondria activated SARM1 and that activated SARM1 fed back on mitochondria to exacerbate the mitochondrial pathology. As such, this work identifies SARM1 inhibition as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of CMT2A and other neurodegenerative diseases with prominent mitochondrial pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Sato-Yamada
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata City, Japan
| | - Amy Strickland
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph Bloom
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology and
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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24
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Cavalcante IP, Berthon A, Fragoso MC, Reincke M, Stratakis CA, Ragazzon B, Bertherat J. Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: definitely a genetic disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:699-711. [PMID: 35922573 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is an adrenal cause of Cushing syndrome. Nowadays, a PBMAH diagnosis is more frequent than previously, as a result of progress in the diagnostic methods for adrenal incidentalomas, which are widely available. Although some rare syndromic forms of PBMAH are known to be of genetic origin, non-syndromic forms of PBMAH have only been recognized as a genetic disease in the past 10 years. Genomics studies have highlighted the molecular heterogeneity of PBMAH and identified molecular subgroups, allowing improved understanding of the clinical heterogeneity of this disease. Furthermore, the generation of these subgroups permitted the identification of new genes responsible for PBMAH. Constitutive inactivating variants in ARMC5 and KDM1A are responsible for the development of distinct forms of PBMAH. To date, pathogenic variants of ARMC5 are responsible for 20-25% of PBMAH, whereas germline KDM1A alterations have been identified in >90% of PBMAH causing food-dependent Cushing syndrome. The identification of pathogenic variants in ARMC5 and KDM1A demonstrated that PBMAH, despite mostly being diagnosed in adults aged 45-60 years, is a genetic disorder. This Review summarizes the important progress made in the past 10 years in understanding the genetics of PBMAH, which have led to a better understanding of the pathophysiology, opening new clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora P Cavalcante
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Annabel Berthon
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Maria C Fragoso
- Department of Endocrinology, Adrenal Unit, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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Dingwall CB, Strickland A, Yum SW, Yim AK, Zhu J, Wang PL, Yamada Y, Schmidt RE, Sasaki Y, Bloom AJ, DiAntonio A, Milbrandt J. Macrophage depletion blocks congenital SARM1-dependent neuropathy. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:159800. [PMID: 36287209 PMCID: PMC9711884 DOI: 10.1172/jci159800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon loss contributes to many common neurodegenerative disorders. In healthy axons, the axon survival factor NMNAT2 inhibits SARM1, the central executioner of programmed axon degeneration. We identified 2 rare NMNAT2 missense variants in 2 brothers afflicted with a progressive neuropathy syndrome. The polymorphisms resulted in amino acid substitutions V98M and R232Q, which reduced NMNAT2 NAD+-synthetase activity. We generated a mouse model to mirror the human syndrome and found that Nmnat2V98M/R232Q compound-heterozygous CRISPR mice survived to adulthood but developed progressive motor dysfunction, peripheral axon loss, and macrophage infiltration. These disease phenotypes were all SARM1-dependent. Remarkably, macrophage depletion therapy blocked and reversed neuropathic phenotypes in Nmnat2V98M/R232Q mice, identifying a SARM1-dependent neuroimmune mechanism as a key driver of disease pathogenesis. These findings demonstrate that SARM1 induced inflammatory neuropathy and highlight the potential of immune therapy as a treatment for this rare syndrome and other neurodegenerative conditions associated with NMNAT2 loss and SARM1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B. Dingwall
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amy Strickland
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sabrina W. Yum
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aldrin K.Y. Yim
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Peter L. Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yurie Yamada
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert E. Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - A. Joseph Bloom
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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26
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Nizami HL, Minor KE, Chiao YA, Light CM, Lee CF. Sexually dimorphic effects of SARM1 deletion on cardiac NAD + metabolism and function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H774-H781. [PMID: 36053750 PMCID: PMC9529255 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00370.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) decline is repeatedly observed in heart disease and its risk factors. Although strategies promoting NAD+ synthesis to elevate NAD+ levels improve cardiac function, whether inhibition of NAD+ consumption can be therapeutic is less investigated. In this study, we examined the role of sterile-α and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1) NAD+ hydrolase in mouse hearts, using global SARM1-knockout mice (KO). Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography in male and female KO mice and wild-type (WT) controls. Hearts were collected for biochemical, histological, and molecular analyses. We found that the cardiac NAD+ pool was elevated in female KO mice, but only trended to increase in male KO mice. SARM1 deletion induced changes to a greater number of NAD+ metabolism transcripts in male mice than in female mice. Body weights, cardiac systolic and diastolic function, and geometry showed no changes in both male and female KO mice compared with WT counterparts. Male KO mice showed a small, but significant, elevation in cardiac collagen levels compared with WT counterparts, but no difference in collagen levels was detected in female mice. The increased collagen levels were associated with greater number of altered profibrotic and senescence-associated inflammatory genes in male KO mice, but not in female KO mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined the effects of SARM1 deletion on NAD+ pool, transcripts of NAD+ metabolism, and fibrotic pathway for the first time in mouse hearts. We observed the sexually dimorphic effects of SARM1 deletion. How these sex-dependent effects influence the outcomes of SARM1 deficiency in male and female mice in responses to cardiac stresses warrant further investigation. The elevation of cardiac NAD+ pool by SARM1 deletion provides evidence that targeting SARM1 may reverse disease-related NAD+ decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Lateef Nizami
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Keaton E Minor
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Ying Ann Chiao
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Christine M Light
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chi Fung Lee
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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27
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Feldman HC, Merlini E, Guijas C, DeMeester KE, Njomen E, Kozina EM, Yokoyama M, Vinogradova E, Reardon HT, Melillo B, Schreiber SL, Loreto A, Blankman JL, Cravatt BF. Selective inhibitors of SARM1 targeting an allosteric cysteine in the autoregulatory ARM domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208457119. [PMID: 35994671 PMCID: PMC9436332 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208457119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrolase (NADase) sterile alpha toll/interleukin receptor motif containing-1 (SARM1) acts as a central executioner of programmed axon death and is a possible therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders. While orthosteric inhibitors of SARM1 have been described, this multidomain enzyme is also subject to intricate forms of autoregulation, suggesting the potential for allosteric modes of inhibition. Previous studies have identified multiple cysteine residues that support SARM1 activation and catalysis, but which of these cysteines, if any, might be selectively targetable by electrophilic small molecules remains unknown. Here, we describe the chemical proteomic discovery of a series of tryptoline acrylamides that site-specifically and stereoselectively modify cysteine-311 (C311) in the noncatalytic, autoregulatory armadillo repeat (ARM) domain of SARM1. These covalent compounds inhibit the NADase activity of WT-SARM1, but not C311A or C311S SARM1 mutants, show a high degree of proteome-wide selectivity for SARM1_C311 and stereoselectively block vincristine- and vacor-induced neurite degeneration in primary rodent dorsal root ganglion neurons. Our findings describe selective, covalent inhibitors of SARM1 targeting an allosteric cysteine, pointing to a potentially attractive therapeutic strategy for axon degeneration-dependent forms of neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Merlini
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Guijas
- Lundbeck La Jolla Research Center Inc, San Diego, CA 92121
| | | | - Evert Njomen
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ellen M Kozina
- Lundbeck La Jolla Research Center Inc, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Minoru Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | | | - Bruno Melillo
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Andrea Loreto
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, United Kingdom
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Wang W, Wei F. A novel pathogenic variant of ARMC5 in a patient with primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:211. [PMID: 35996143 PMCID: PMC9396781 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH), also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, is a rare cause of endogenous Cushing's syndrome. In many familial cases of PBMAH, the variants in armadillo repeat containing 5 (ARMC5) gene are found to be associated with the disease. Here, we report a case of PBMAH harboring a novel frameshift variant in ARMC5 gene, which has not been previously reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 67-year-old woman was referred due to the clinical features of Cushing's syndrome. Radiological imaging and hormonal testing were carried out. The serum levels of cortisol were remarkably increased at late night and did not suppress even after 1 mg of dexamethasone administration, while the plasma levels of ACTH hormone were decreased significantly. The patient underwent unilateral left-sided laparoscopic adrenalectomy, and the diagnosis of PBMAH was substantiated by histopathological analysis. Moreover, the partial envelope was incomplete and the cell proliferation index was low. Specifically, inhibin α-subunit ( +), syn focal ( +), Ki-67 ~ 3% ( +), CgA (-) and CEA (-) were observed. DNA sequencing data revealed that a novel frameshift variant (c.363_373delGCCAGTGCGCC, p.Pro122Alafs*61) was identified in ARMC5 gene. However, this variant was not detected in the daughter of the patient. The rest of the family members, including her sister, son and two brothers, were not consented for genetic testing. CONCLUSIONS Early detection of ARMC5 variant status and familial screening might have important clinical implications for the diagnosis and prognosis of PBMAH patients. A novel ARMC5 frameshift variant (c.363_373delGCCAGTGCGCC, p.Pro122Alafs*61) was identified to be associated with the pathogenesis of PBMAH. ARMC5 sequencing may improve the identification of a causative gene variant for PBMAH and allow earlier diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical Collage, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical Collage, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Coleman MP. Axon Biology in ALS: Mechanisms of Axon Degeneration and Prospects for Therapy. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1133-1144. [PMID: 36207571 PMCID: PMC9587191 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the longstanding debate over whether amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a 'dying back' or 'dying forward' disorder in the light of new gene identifications and the increased understanding of mechanisms of action for previously identified ALS genes. While the topological pattern of pathology in animal models, and more anecdotally in patients is indeed 'dying back', this review discusses how this fits with the fact that many of the major initiating events are thought to occur within the soma. It also discusses how widely varying ALS risk factors, including some impacting axons directly, may combine to drive a common pathway involving TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) denervation. The emerging association between sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 (SARM1), a protein so far mostly associated with axon degeneration, and sporadic ALS is another major theme. The strengths and limitations of the current evidence supporting an association are considered, along with ways in which SARM1 could become activated in ALS. The final section addresses SARM1-based therapies along with the prospects for targeting other axonal steps in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Coleman
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
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Herrmann KA, Liu Y, Llobet-Rosell A, McLaughlin CN, Neukomm LJ, Coutinho-Budd JC, Broihier HT. Divergent signaling requirements of dSARM in injury-induced degeneration and developmental glial phagocytosis. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010257. [PMID: 35737721 PMCID: PMC9223396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating signal transduction mechanisms of innate immune pathways is essential to defining how they elicit distinct cellular responses. Toll-like receptors (TLR) signal through their cytoplasmic TIR domains which bind other TIR domain-containing adaptors. dSARM/SARM1 is one such TIR domain adaptor best known for its role as the central axon degeneration trigger after injury. In degeneration, SARM1's domains have been assigned unique functions: the ARM domain is auto-inhibitory, SAM-SAM domain interactions mediate multimerization, and the TIR domain has intrinsic NAD+ hydrolase activity that precipitates axonal demise. Whether and how these distinct functions contribute to TLR signaling is unknown. Here we show divergent signaling requirements for dSARM in injury-induced axon degeneration and TLR-mediated developmental glial phagocytosis through analysis of new knock-in domain and point mutations. We demonstrate intragenic complementation between reciprocal pairs of domain mutants during development, providing evidence for separability of dSARM functional domains in TLR signaling. Surprisingly, dSARM's NAD+ hydrolase activity is strictly required for both degenerative and developmental signaling, demonstrating that TLR signal transduction requires dSARM's enzymatic activity. In contrast, while SAM domain-mediated dSARM multimerization is important for axon degeneration, it is dispensable for TLR signaling. Finally, dSARM functions in a linear genetic pathway with the MAP3K Ask1 during development but not in degenerating axons. Thus, we propose that dSARM exists in distinct signaling states in developmental and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A. Herrmann
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yizhou Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Arnau Llobet-Rosell
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Colleen N. McLaughlin
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lukas J. Neukomm
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaeda C. Coutinho-Budd
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Heather T. Broihier
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the most recent findings on the pathophysiology, the genetic and molecular causes of primary bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (PBAH). The diagnostic approach of patients with PBAH will also be presented in detail with an emphasis on the emerging diagnostic tools and finally, the treatment of PBAH will be discussed with an emphasis on the newest surgical and medical treatment approaches. RECENT FINDINGS PBAH is a highly heterogeneous condition mostly detected incidentally on abdominal imaging. Based on the size of the nodules, PBAH is subdivided into primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) and micronodular adrenal hyperplasia. A substantial proportion of patients with PBMAH harbor a germline mutation of the armadillo repeat containing 5 tumor suppression gene and therefore genetic testing is strongly recommended. Measurements of plasma or urinary multisteroid profiles show promising results in that PBMAH has a distinctive plasma steroid fingerprint that can help in diagnosis and subtyping of PBMAH. Finally, although surgery is the mainstay of treatment of patients with PBAH, medical therapy is increasingly emerging as an alternative option. SUMMARY PBAH is a poorly studied and therefore a challenging disease to diagnose and treat. Hopefully with these newest diagnostic and therapeutic tools, a more comprehensive approach will be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae A Delivanis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dimitra A Vassiliadi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos Tsagarakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Bouys L, Vaczlavik A, Jouinot A, Vaduva P, Espiard S, Assié G, Libé R, Perlemoine K, Ragazzon B, Guignat L, Groussin L, Bricaire L, Cavalcante IP, Bonnet-Serrano F, Lefebvre H, Raffin-Sanson ML, Chevalier N, Touraine P, Jublanc C, Vatier C, Raverot G, Haissaguerre M, Maione L, Kroiss M, Fassnacht M, Christin-Maitre S, Pasmant E, Borson-Chazot F, Tabarin A, Vantyghem MC, Reincke M, Kamenicky P, North MO, Bertherat J. Identification of predictive criteria for pathogenic variants of primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) gene ARMC5 in 352 unselected patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:123-134. [PMID: 35521700 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by adrenal macronodules and variable levels of cortisol excess, with not clearly established clinical diagnostic criteria. It can be caused by ARMC5 germline pathogenic variants. In this study, we aimed to identify predictive criteria for ARMC5 variants. METHODS We included 352 consecutive index patients from 12 European centers, sequenced for germline ARMC5 alteration. Clinical, biological and imaging data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS 52 patients (14.8%) carried ARMC5 germline pathogenic variants and showed a more distinct phenotype than non-mutated patients for cortisol excess (24-h urinary free cortisol 2.32 vs 1.11-fold ULN, respectively, P < 0.001) and adrenal morphology (maximal adrenal diameter 104 vs 83 mm, respectively, P < 0.001) and were more often surgically or medically treated (67.9 vs 36.8%, respectively, P < 0.001). ARMC5-mutated patients showed a constant, bilateral adrenal involvement and at least a possible autonomous cortisol secretion (defined by a plasma cortisol after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression above 50 nmol/L), while these criteria were not systematic in WT patients (78.3%). The association of these two criteria holds a 100% sensitivity and a 100% negative predictive value for ARMC5 pathogenic variant. CONCLUSION We report the largest series of index patients investigated for ARMC5 and confirm that ARMC5 pathogenic variants are associated with a more severe phenotype in most cases. To minimize negative ARMC5 screening, genotyping should be limited to clear bilateral adrenal involvement and autonomous cortisol secretion, with an optimum sensitivity for routine clinical practice. These findings will also help to better define PBMAH diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bouys
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Anna Vaczlavik
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne Jouinot
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, INSERM U900, MINES ParisTech, PSL-Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Vaduva
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphanie Espiard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition, CHU Lille, Inserm U1190, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Assié
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rossella Libé
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Karine Perlemoine
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Guignat
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Groussin
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Léopoldine Bricaire
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Unit of Hormonology, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Laure Raffin-Sanson
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproduction, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christel Jublanc
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gérald Raverot
- Department of Endocrinology, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Magalie Haissaguerre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luigi Maione
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Christin-Maitre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pasmant
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Unit of Oncogenetics, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Borson-Chazot
- Department of Endocrinology, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Antoine Tabarin
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition, CHU Lille, Inserm U1190, Lille, France
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Kamenicky
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie-Odile North
- Unit of Oncogenetics, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Université Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Shi Y, Kerry PS, Nanson JD, Bosanac T, Sasaki Y, Krauss R, Saikot FK, Adams SE, Mosaiab T, Masic V, Mao X, Rose F, Vasquez E, Furrer M, Cunnea K, Brearley A, Gu W, Luo Z, Brillault L, Landsberg MJ, DiAntonio A, Kobe B, Milbrandt J, Hughes RO, Ve T. Structural basis of SARM1 activation, substrate recognition, and inhibition by small molecules. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1643-1659.e10. [PMID: 35334231 PMCID: PMC9188649 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The NADase SARM1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1) is a key executioner of axon degeneration and a therapeutic target for several neurodegenerative conditions. We show that a potent SARM1 inhibitor undergoes base exchange with the nicotinamide moiety of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to produce the bona fide inhibitor 1AD. We report structures of SARM1 in complex with 1AD, NAD+ mimetics and the allosteric activator nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). NMN binding triggers reorientation of the armadillo repeat (ARM) domains, which disrupts ARM:TIR interactions and leads to formation of a two-stranded TIR domain assembly. The active site spans two molecules in these assemblies, explaining the requirement of TIR domain self-association for NADase activity and axon degeneration. Our results reveal the mechanisms of SARM1 activation and substrate binding, providing rational avenues for the design of new therapeutics targeting SARM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shi
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Philip S Kerry
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Jeffrey D Nanson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Todd Bosanac
- Disarm Therapeutics, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Raul Krauss
- Disarm Therapeutics, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Forhad K Saikot
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sarah E Adams
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Tamim Mosaiab
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Veronika Masic
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Xianrong Mao
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Faith Rose
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Eduardo Vasquez
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Marieke Furrer
- Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, 22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katie Cunnea
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Andrew Brearley
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Weixi Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhenyao Luo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lou Brillault
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael J Landsberg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics and Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert O Hughes
- Disarm Therapeutics, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co., Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Thomas Ve
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Ward A, Jessop F, Faris R, Shoup D, Bosio CM, Peterson KE, Priola SA. Lack of the immune adaptor molecule SARM1 accelerates disease in prion infected mice and is associated with increased mitochondrial respiration and decreased expression of NRF2. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267720. [PMID: 35507602 PMCID: PMC9067904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative diseases of mammals. In the brain, axonal loss and neuronal death are prominent in prion infection, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Sterile alpha and heat/Armadillo motif 1 (SARM1) is a protein expressed in neurons of the brain that plays a critical role in axonal degeneration. Following damage to axons, it acquires an NADase activity that helps to regulate mitochondrial health by breaking down NAD+, a molecule critical for mitochondrial respiration. SARM1 has been proposed to have a protective effect in prion disease, and we hypothesized that it its role in regulating mitochondrial energetics may be involved. We therefore analyzed mitochondrial respiration in SARM1 knockout mice (SARM1KO) and wild-type mice inoculated either with prions or normal brain homogenate. Pathologically, disease was similar in both strains of mice, suggesting that SARM1 mediated axonal degradation is not the sole mechanism of axonal loss during prion disease. However, mitochondrial respiration was significantly increased and disease incubation time accelerated in prion infected SARM1KO mice when compared to wild-type mice. Increased levels of mitochondrial complexes II and IV and decreased levels of NRF2, a potent regulator of reactive oxygen species, were also apparent in the brains of SARM1KO mice when compared to wild-type mice. Our data suggest that SARM1 slows prion disease progression, likely by regulating mitochondrial respiration, which may help to mitigate oxidative stress via NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ward
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Forrest Jessop
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Robert Faris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Daniel Shoup
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Catharine M. Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Karin E. Peterson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Suzette A. Priola
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Finnegan LK, Chadderton N, Kenna PF, Palfi A, Carty M, Bowie AG, Millington-Ward S, Farrar GJ. SARM1 Ablation Is Protective and Preserves Spatial Vision in an In Vivo Mouse Model of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031606. [PMID: 35163535 PMCID: PMC8835928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenge of developing gene therapies for genetic forms of blindness is heightened by the heterogeneity of these conditions. However, mechanistic commonalities indicate key pathways that may be targeted in a gene-independent approach. Mitochondrial dysfunction and axon degeneration are common features of many neurodegenerative conditions including retinal degenerations. Here we explore the neuroprotective effect afforded by the absence of sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor motif-containing 1 (SARM1), a prodegenerative NADase, in a rotenone-induced mouse model of retinal ganglion cell loss and visual dysfunction. Sarm1 knockout mice retain visual function after rotenone insult, displaying preservation of photopic negative response following rotenone treatment in addition to significantly higher optokinetic response measurements than wild type mice following rotenone. Protection of spatial vision is sustained over time in both sexes and is accompanied by increased RGC survival and additionally preservation of axonal density in optic nerves of Sarm1−/− mice insulted with rotenone. Primary fibroblasts extracted from Sarm1−/− mice demonstrate an increased oxygen consumption rate relative to those from wild type mice, with significantly higher basal, maximal and spare respiratory capacity. Collectively, our data indicate that Sarm1 ablation increases mitochondrial bioenergetics and confers histological and functional protection in vivo in the mouse retina against mitochondrial dysfunction, a hallmark of many neurodegenerative conditions including a variety of ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Finnegan
- Department of Genetics, The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (N.C.); (P.F.K.); (A.P.); (S.M.-W.); (G.J.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Naomi Chadderton
- Department of Genetics, The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (N.C.); (P.F.K.); (A.P.); (S.M.-W.); (G.J.F.)
| | - Paul F. Kenna
- Department of Genetics, The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (N.C.); (P.F.K.); (A.P.); (S.M.-W.); (G.J.F.)
- The Research Foundation, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, D02 XK51 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arpad Palfi
- Department of Genetics, The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (N.C.); (P.F.K.); (A.P.); (S.M.-W.); (G.J.F.)
| | - Michael Carty
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (M.C.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Andrew G. Bowie
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, The School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (M.C.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Sophia Millington-Ward
- Department of Genetics, The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (N.C.); (P.F.K.); (A.P.); (S.M.-W.); (G.J.F.)
| | - G. Jane Farrar
- Department of Genetics, The School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, D02 VF25 Dublin, Ireland; (N.C.); (P.F.K.); (A.P.); (S.M.-W.); (G.J.F.)
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Tsai CY, Chiou SJ, Ko HJ, Cheng YF, Lin SY, Lai YL, Lin CY, Wang C, Cheng JT, Liu HF, Kwan AL, Loh JK, Hong YR. Deciphering the evolution of composite-type GSKIP in mitochondria and Wnt signaling pathways. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262138. [PMID: 35051222 PMCID: PMC8775565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously revealed the origin of mammalian simple-type glycogen synthase kinase interaction protein (GSKIP), which served as a scavenger and a competitor in the Wnt signaling pathway during evolution. In this study, we investigated the conserved and nonconserved regions of the composite-type GSKIP by utilizing bioinformatics tools, site-directed mutagenesis, and yeast two-hybrid methods. The regions were denoted as the pre-GSK3β binding site, which is located at the front of GSK3β-binding sites. Our data demonstrated that clustered mitochondria protein 1 (CLU1), a type of composite-type GSKIP that exists in the mitochondria of all eukaryotic organisms, possesses the protein known as domain of unknown function 727 (DUF727), with a pre-GSK3β-binding site and a mutant GSK3β-binding flanking region. Another type of composite-type GSKIP, armadillo repeat containing 4 (ARMC4), which is known for cilium movement in vertebrates, contains an unintegrated DUF727 flanking region with a pre-GSK3β-binding site (115SPxF118) only. In addition, the sequence of the GSK3β-binding site in CLU1 revealed that Q126L and V130L were not conserved, differing from the ideal GSK3β-binding sequence of simple-type GSKIP. We further illustrated two exceptions, namely 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins (Hsp70/DnaK) and Mitofilin in nematodes, that presented an unexpected ideal GSK3β-binding region with a pre-GSK3β sequence; this composite-type GSKIP could only occur in vertebrate species. Furthermore, we revealed the importance of the pre-GSK3β-binding site (118F or 118Y) and various mutant GSK3β-binding sites of composite-type GSKIP. Collectively, our data suggest that the new composite-type GSKIP starts with a DUF727 domain followed by a pre-GSK3β-binding site, with the subsequent addition of the GSK3β-binding site, which plays vital roles for CLU1, Mitofilin, and ARMC4 in mitochondria and Wnt signaling pathways during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Tsai
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jaw Chiou
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Jiun Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yi Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ling Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yen Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chihuei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Tsuey Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fu Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Li Kwan
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Joon-Khim Loh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YRH); (JKL)
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YRH); (JKL)
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Ko KW, Devault L, Sasaki Y, Milbrandt J, DiAntonio A. Live imaging reveals the cellular events downstream of SARM1 activation. eLife 2021; 10:e71148. [PMID: 34779400 PMCID: PMC8612704 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARM1 is an inducible NAD+ hydrolase that triggers axon loss and neuronal cell death in the injured and diseased nervous system. While SARM1 activation and enzyme function are well defined, the cellular events downstream of SARM1 activity but prior to axonal demise are much less well understood. Defects in calcium, mitochondria, ATP, and membrane homeostasis occur in injured axons, but the relationships among these events have been difficult to disentangle because prior studies analyzed large collections of axons in which cellular events occur asynchronously. Here, we used live imaging of mouse sensory neurons with single axon resolution to investigate the cellular events downstream of SARM1 activity. Our studies support a model in which SARM1 NADase activity leads to an ordered sequence of events from loss of cellular ATP, to defects in mitochondrial movement and depolarization, followed by calcium influx, externalization of phosphatidylserine, and loss of membrane permeability prior to catastrophic axonal self-destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Woo Ko
- Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Laura Devault
- Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Genetics, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Genetics, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Developmental Biology, Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
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Sasaki Y, Zhu J, Shi Y, Gu W, Kobe B, Ve T, DiAntonio A, Milbrandt J. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide is an allosteric SARM1 inhibitor promoting axonal protection. Exp Neurol 2021; 345:113842. [PMID: 34403688 PMCID: PMC8571713 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SARM1 is an inducible NAD+ hydrolase that is the central executioner of pathological axon loss. Recently, we elucidated the molecular mechanism of SARM1 activation, demonstrating that SARM1 is a metabolic sensor regulated by the levels of NAD+ and its precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), via their competitive binding to an allosteric site within the SARM1 N-terminal ARM domain. In healthy neurons with abundant NAD+, binding of NAD+ blocks access of NMN to this allosteric site. However, with injury or disease the levels of the NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme NMNAT2 drop, increasing the NMN/ NAD+ ratio and thereby promoting NMN binding to the SARM1 allosteric site, which in turn induces a conformational change activating the SARM1 NAD+ hydrolase. Hence, NAD+ metabolites both regulate the activation of SARM1 and, in turn, are regulated by the SARM1 NAD+ hydrolase. This dual upstream and downstream role for NAD+ metabolites in SARM1 function has hindered mechanistic understanding of axoprotective mechanisms that manipulate the NAD+ metabolome. Here we reevaluate two methods that potently block axon degeneration via modulation of NAD+ related metabolites, 1) the administration of the NMN biosynthesis inhibitor FK866 in conjunction with the NAD+ precursor nicotinic acid riboside (NaR) and 2) the neuronal expression of the bacterial enzyme NMN deamidase. We find that these approaches not only lead to a decrease in the levels of the SARM1 activator NMN, but also an increase in the levels of the NAD+ precursor nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN). We show that NaMN inhibits SARM1 activation, and demonstrate that this NaMN-mediated inhibition is important for the long-term axon protection induced by these treatments. Analysis of the NaMN-ARM domain co-crystal structure shows that NaMN competes with NMN for binding to the SARM1 allosteric site and promotes the open, autoinhibited configuration of SARM1 ARM domain. Together, these results demonstrate that the SARM1 allosteric pocket can bind a diverse set of metabolites including NMN, NAD+, and NaMN to monitor cellular NAD+ homeostasis and regulate SARM1 NAD+ hydrolase activity. The relative promiscuity of the allosteric site may enable the development of potent pharmacological inhibitors of SARM1 activation for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Sasaki
- Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Department of Genetics, St. Louis, MO, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, USA.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Department of Genetics, St. Louis, MO, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, USA
| | - Yun Shi
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Weixi Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas Ve
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Department of Developmental Biology, St. Louis, MO, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, USA
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Department of Genetics, St. Louis, MO, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, USA
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Wu T, Zhu J, Strickland A, Ko KW, Sasaki Y, Dingwall CB, Yamada Y, Figley MD, Mao X, Neiner A, Bloom AJ, DiAntonio A, Milbrandt J. Neurotoxins subvert the allosteric activation mechanism of SARM1 to induce neuronal loss. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109872. [PMID: 34686345 PMCID: PMC8638332 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SARM1 is an inducible TIR-domain NAD+ hydrolase that mediates pathological axon degeneration. SARM1 is activated by an increased ratio of NMN to NAD+, which competes for binding to an allosteric activating site. When NMN binds, the TIR domain is released from autoinhibition, activating its NAD+ hydrolase activity. The discovery of this allosteric activating site led us to hypothesize that other NAD+-related metabolites might activate SARM1. Here, we show the nicotinamide analog 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP), first identified as a neurotoxin in the 1940s, is converted to 3-APMN, which activates SARM1 and induces SARM1-dependent NAD+ depletion, axon degeneration, and neuronal death. In mice, systemic treatment with 3-AP causes rapid SARM1-dependent death, while local application to the peripheral nerve induces SARM1-dependent axon degeneration. We identify 2-aminopyridine as another SARM1-dependent neurotoxin. These findings identify SARM1 as a candidate mediator of environmental neurotoxicity and suggest that SARM1 agonists could be developed into selective agents for neurolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63114, USA
| | - Amy Strickland
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kwang Woo Ko
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Caitlin B Dingwall
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yurie Yamada
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew D Figley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xianrong Mao
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alicia Neiner
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - A Joseph Bloom
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63114, USA
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63114, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63114, USA.
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40
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Arthur-Farraj P, Coleman MP. Lessons from Injury: How Nerve Injury Studies Reveal Basic Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities for Peripheral Nerve Diseases. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2200-2221. [PMID: 34595734 PMCID: PMC8804151 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Waller and Cajal in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, laboratory traumatic peripheral nerve injury studies have provided great insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms governing axon degeneration and the responses of Schwann cells, the major glial cell type of peripheral nerves. It is now evident that pathways underlying injury-induced axon degeneration and the Schwann cell injury-specific state, the repair Schwann cell, are relevant to many inherited and acquired disorders of peripheral nerves. This review provides a timely update on the molecular understanding of axon degeneration and formation of the repair Schwann cell. We discuss how nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2) and sterile alpha TIR motif containing protein 1 (SARM1) are required for axon survival and degeneration, respectively, how transcription factor c-JUN is essential for the Schwann cell response to nerve injury and what each tells us about disease mechanisms and potential therapies. Human genetic association with NMNAT2 and SARM1 strongly suggests aberrant activation of programmed axon death in polyneuropathies and motor neuron disorders, respectively, and animal studies suggest wider involvement including in chemotherapy-induced and diabetic neuropathies. In repair Schwann cells, cJUN is aberrantly expressed in a wide variety of human acquired and inherited neuropathies. Animal models suggest it limits axon loss in both genetic and traumatic neuropathies, whereas in contrast, Schwann cell secreted Neuregulin-1 type 1 drives onion bulb pathology in CMT1A. Finally, we discuss opportunities for drug-based and gene therapies to prevent axon loss or manipulate the repair Schwann cell state to treat acquired and inherited neuropathies and neuronopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arthur-Farraj
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
| | - Michael P Coleman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
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Wang KL, Chen SN, Li L, Huo HJ, Nie P. Functional characterization of four TIR domain-containing adaptors, MyD88, TRIF, MAL, and SARM in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 122:104110. [PMID: 33933533 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptors, serve as pivotal signal transduction molecules in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling pathway to mediate downstream signalling cascades. In this study, four TIR-domain containing adaptors, MyD88, TRIF, MAL and SARM, were identified in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi, and they all contain TIR domains, of which MyD88 and SARM had high sequence homology with their vertebrate homologues. The expression analysis at mRNA level indicated that these genes were ubiquitously distributed in different tissues, being high in immune- and mucosa-related tissues such as head-kidney and intestine. The transcripts of these adaptor genes were up-regulated by poly(I:C) and LPS stimulation in isolated head-kidney lymphocytes (HKLs) of mandarin fish. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that all these molecules were localized in cytoplasm, and further investigations showed that the over-expression of MyD88, TRIF and MAL activated the NF-κB, ISRE or type Ι IFN promoters and inhibited SVCV replication, whereas their antiviral effects were significantly impaired when co-transfected with SARM. It was also confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) that SARM interacts separately with MyD88, TRIF and MAL, and MAL interacts with MyD88. However, the regulatory mechanisms of these adaptors involved in signalling pathways of different TLRs should be of interest for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Jun Huo
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
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Peters OM, Weiss A, Metterville J, Song L, Logan R, Smith GA, Schwarzschild MA, Mueller C, Brown RH, Freeman M. Genetic diversity of axon degenerative mechanisms in models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 155:105368. [PMID: 33892050 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative movement disorder, associated with profound loss of dopaminergic neurons from the basal ganglia. Though loss of dopaminergic neuron cell bodies from the substantia nigra pars compacta is a well-studied feature, atrophy and loss of their axons within the nigrostriatal tract is also emerging as an early event in disease progression. Genes that drive the Wallerian degeneration, like Sterile alpha and toll/interleukin-1 receptor motif containing (Sarm1), are excellent candidates for driving this axon degeneration, given similarities in the morphology of axon degeneration after axotomy and in PD. In the present study we assessed whether Sarm1 contributes to loss of dopaminergic projections in mouse models of PD. In Sarm1 deficient mice, we observed a significant delay in the degeneration of severed dopaminergic axons distal to a 6-OHDA lesion of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) in the nigrostriatal tract, and an accompanying rescue of morphological, biochemical and behavioural phenotypes. However, we observed no difference compared to controls when striatal terminals were lesioned with 6-OHDA to induce a dying back form of neurodegeneration. Likewise, when PD phenotypes were induced using AAV-induced alpha-synuclein overexpression, we observed similar modest loss of dopaminergic terminals in Sarm1 knockouts and controls. Our data argues that axon degeneration after MFB lesion is Sarm1-dependent, but that other models for PD do not require Sarm1, or that Sarm1 acts with other redundant genetic pathways. This work adds to a growing body of evidence indicating Sarm1 contributes to some, but not all types of neurodegeneration, and supports the notion that while axon degeneration in many context appears morphologically similar, a diversity of axon degeneration programs exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Peters
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - Alexandra Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jake Metterville
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Lina Song
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Robert Logan
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, MA 02170, USA
| | - Gaynor A Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Michael A Schwarzschild
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Christian Mueller
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Marc Freeman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Figley MD, Gu W, Nanson JD, Shi Y, Sasaki Y, Cunnea K, Malde AK, Jia X, Luo Z, Saikot FK, Mosaiab T, Masic V, Holt S, Hartley-Tassell L, McGuinness HY, Manik MK, Bosanac T, Landsberg MJ, Kerry PS, Mobli M, Hughes RO, Milbrandt J, Kobe B, DiAntonio A, Ve T. SARM1 is a metabolic sensor activated by an increased NMN/NAD + ratio to trigger axon degeneration. Neuron 2021; 109:1118-1136.e11. [PMID: 33657413 PMCID: PMC8174188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Axon degeneration is a central pathological feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor motif-containing 1 (SARM1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-cleaving enzyme whose activation triggers axon destruction. Loss of the biosynthetic enzyme NMNAT2, which converts nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to NAD+, activates SARM1 via an unknown mechanism. Using structural, biochemical, biophysical, and cellular assays, we demonstrate that SARM1 is activated by an increase in the ratio of NMN to NAD+ and show that both metabolites compete for binding to the auto-inhibitory N-terminal armadillo repeat (ARM) domain of SARM1. We report structures of the SARM1 ARM domain bound to NMN and of the homo-octameric SARM1 complex in the absence of ligands. We show that NMN influences the structure of SARM1 and demonstrate via mutagenesis that NMN binding is required for injury-induced SARM1 activation and axon destruction. Hence, SARM1 is a metabolic sensor responding to an increased NMN/NAD+ ratio by cleaving residual NAD+, thereby inducing feedforward metabolic catastrophe and axonal demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Figley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Weixi Gu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Nanson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yun Shi
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katie Cunnea
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, UK; Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, 22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alpeshkumar K Malde
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Xinying Jia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhenyao Luo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Forhad K Saikot
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tamim Mosaiab
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Veronika Masic
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Stephanie Holt
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | | | - Helen Y McGuinness
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mohammad K Manik
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Todd Bosanac
- Disarm Therapeutics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Landsberg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philip S Kerry
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, UK; Evotec SE, Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, 22419 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mehdi Mobli
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert O Hughes
- Disarm Therapeutics, a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly & Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Thomas Ve
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Abstract
Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH), characterized by bilateral benign adrenal macronodules (>1 cm) potentially responsible for variable levels of cortisol excess, is a rare and heterogeneous disease. However, its frequency increases due to incidentally diagnosed cases on abdominal imaging carried out for reasons other than suspected adrenal disease. Mostly isolated, it can also be associated with dominantly inherited genetic conditions in rare cases. Considering the bilateral nature of adrenal involvement and the description of familial cases, the search of a genetic predisposition has led to the identification of germline heterozygous inactivating mutations of the putative tumor suppressor gene ARMC5, causing around 25% of the apparent sporadic cases. Rigorous biochemical and imaging assessment are key elements in the management of this challenging disease in terms of diagnosis. Treatment is reserved for symptomatic patients with overt or subclinical Cushing syndrome, and was historically based on bilateral adrenalectomy, which nowadays tends to be replaced by unilateral adrenalectomy or lifelong treatment with cortisol synthesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bouys
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Iacopo Chiodini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, ENDO-ERN HCP, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, ENDO-ERN HCP, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, ENDO-ERN HCP, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares de la Surrénale, Service d'Endocrinologie, ENDO-ERN HCP, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.
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Lin H, Kang Z, Li S, Zeng J, Zhao J. Sarm1 is Essential for Anesthesia-Induced Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Aged Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1465-1476. [PMID: 33433724 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common phenomenon among elderly patients with unclear etiology. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 (Sarm1) plays important roles in neuroinflammation and cognitive function, and activates Calpain which has been shown to promote POCD through TrkB cleavage. This study aims to test the hypothesis that Sarm1 is involved in POCD through regulating Calpain activity. Wild type and Sarm1 knock out mice were exposed to isoflurane. Mouse cognitive function was determined by Morris water maze test. Neuroinflammation was determined by Iba1 and GFAP protein levels and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Calpain activation was determined by αII-spectrin degradation and TrkB cleavage. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was determined by c-Jun N-terminal kinase and cJun phosphorylation both in vivo and in vitro by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. We found that Sarm1 deletion suppressed isoflurane induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation. Deletion of Sarm1 inhibited isoflurane induced αII-spectrin degradation and TrkB cleavage, which indicates suppression of Calpain activation. Finally, deletion of Sarm1 suppressed isoflurane induced MAPK signaling both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest that isoflurane anesthesia induced cognitive impairment is prevented by Sarm1 deletion in mice, making Sarm1 a potent therapeutic target for treating or preventing POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenming Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Shunyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Jingyang Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
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Kim HJ, Kim IS, Lee SG, Kim YJ, Silwal P, Kim JY, Kim JK, Seo W, Chung C, Cho HK, Huh HJ, Shim SC, Park C, Jhun BW, Jo EK. MiR-144-3p is associated with pathological inflammation in patients infected with Mycobacteroides abscessus. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:136-149. [PMID: 33473145 PMCID: PMC8080579 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria is emerging as a global health issue; however, key host factors remain elusive. Here, we investigated the characteristic immune profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients infected with Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. abscessus (Mabc) and M. abscessus subsp. massiliense (Mmass). Using an integrated analysis of global mRNA and microRNA expression profiles, we found that several inflammatory cytokines/chemokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2] and miR-144-3p were significantly upregulated in PBMCs from patients compared with those from healthy controls (HCs). Notably, there was a strong correlation between the expression levels of miR-144-3p and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Similarly, upregulated expression of miR-144-3p and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines was found in macrophages and lungs from mice after infection with Mabc and Mmass. We showed that the expression of negative regulators of inflammation (SARM1 and TNIP3) was significantly downregulated in PBMCs from the patients, although they were not putative targets of miR-144-3p. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-144-3p led to a marked increase in proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and promoted bacterial growth in macrophages. Together, our results highlight the importance of miR-144-3p linking to pathological inflammation during M. abscessus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Sung-Gwon Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Young Jae Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Regional Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Wonhyoung Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Shim
- Division of Rheumatology, Regional Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
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Abstract
Primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PMAH) is a rare cause of Cushing syndrome (CS). In many cases of the PMAH family, variant in ARMC5, a putative tumor suppressor gene, are thought to induce the disease. The purpose of this study was to report a large Chinese family, in which a new germline heterozygous variant of ARMC5 (c.52C>T (p.Gln18X)) was found. A 64-year-old female patient (proband) was admitted to the hospital due to bilateral adrenal masses. In order to clarify the nature and function of adrenal masses, the proband completed several relevant screening tests of the adrenal function. After an ectopic receptor screening test and genetic testing, a new ARMC5 gene variant was found that might had led to the occurrence of PMAH. Because of its characteristic of autosomal dominant inheritance, the proband's relatives were recommended to conduct the genetic test. We collected the family members' genetic information, in which have 27 individuals, the proband tested the whole exon sequence, and 12 participants tested the Sanger sequence. Finally, 7 individuals were found have the same germline variant of ARMC5 as the proband. Subsequent computer analysis predicted that the variant significantly impaired protein function and resulted in inactivation of ARMC5. We found a new germline ARMC5 variant (c.52C>T (p.Gln18X)), which may induced PMAH. ARMC5 sequencing can improve the identification of clinical forms of PMAH and allow early diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Xinyue Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
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Damjanovic SS, Antic JA, Elezovic-Kovacevic VI, Dundjerovic DM, Milicevic IT, Beleslin-Cokic BB, Ilic BB, Rodic GS, Berthon A, Maria AG, Faucz FR, Stratakis CA. ARMC5 Alterations in Patients With Sporadic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5903053. [PMID: 32901291 PMCID: PMC7547841 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenal lesions are frequent among patients with sporadic neuroendocrine tumors (spNETs) or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). Armadillo repeat-containing 5 (ARMC5)-inactivating variants cause adrenal tumors and possibly other neoplasms. OBJECTIVE The objective of this work is to investigate a large cohort spNETs or MEN1 patients for changes in the ARMC5 gene. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 111 patients, 94 with spNET and 17 with MEN1, were screened for ARMC5 germline alterations. Thirty-six tumors (18 spNETs and 18 MEN1 related) were collected from 20 patients. Blood and tumor DNA samples were genotyped using Sanger sequencing and microsatellite markers for chromosomes. ARMC5 and MEN1 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In 76 of 111 (68.4%) patients, we identified 16 different ARMC5 germline variants, 2 predicted as damaging. There were no differences in the prevalence of ARMC5 variants depending on the presence of MEN1-related adrenal lesions. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 16p and ARMC5 germline variants were present together in 23 or 34 (67.6%) tumors; in 7 of 23 (30.4%) their presence led to biallelic inactivation of the ARMC5 gene. The latter was more prevalent in MEN1-related tumors than in spNETs (88.9% vs 38.9%; P = .005). LOH at the chromosome 16p (ARMC5) and 11q (MEN1) loci coexisted in 16/18 MEN1-related tumors, which also expressed lower ARMC5 (P = .02) and MEN1 (P = .01) proteins compared to peritumorous tissues. CONCLUSION Germline ARMC5 variants are common among spNET and MEN1 patients. ARMC5 haploinsufficiency or biallelic inactivation in spNETs and MEN1-related tumors suggests that ARMC5 may have a role in modifying the phenotype of patients with spNETs and/or MEN1 beyond its known role in macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetozar S Damjanovic
- Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Svetozar S. Damjanovic, MD, PhD, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. E-mail: or
| | - Jadranka A Antic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Valentina I Elezovic-Kovacevic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusko M Dundjerovic
- Institute for Pathology, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana T Milicevic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana B Beleslin-Cokic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana B Ilic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana S Rodic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Department for Neuroendocrine Tumors and Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Annabel Berthon
- Section on Genetics & Endocrinology, Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrea Gutierrez Maria
- Section on Genetics & Endocrinology, Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fabio R Faucz
- Section on Genetics & Endocrinology, Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Genetics & Endocrinology, Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
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49
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Jojima T, Kogai T, Iijima T, Kato K, Sagara M, Kezuka A, Kase M, Sakurai S, Akimoto K, Sakumoto J, Namatame T, Ueki K, Hishinuma A, Kamai T, Usui I, Aso Y. Genetic alteration of ARMC5 in a patient diagnosed with meningioma and primary macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: a case report. Eur J Endocrinol 2020; 183:K7-K12. [PMID: 33105102 DOI: 10.1530/eje-20-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A monoallelic germline alteration of ARMC5 causes primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) with Cushing's syndrome via its subsequent somatic alteration on the other allele as the second hit. PBMAH is sometimes complicated with meningioma. Dependency of such a multi-organ disease on the second hit mechanism was reported before, but this finding has not been confirmed yet. We describe a case of a 65-year-old female with PBMAH, carrying a heterozygous germline alteration of ARMC5, p.R267*, complicated with meningioma associated with somatic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the unaffected allele. Pathogenic alterations of ARMC5 may also contribute to the development of meningioma by the two-hit mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Jojima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University
| | - Takahiko Kogai
- Department of Infection Control and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Research Support Center
| | - Toshie Iijima
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University
| | - Kanako Kato
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University
| | - Masaaki Sagara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University
| | - Atsumi Kezuka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University
| | - Masato Kase
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University
| | - Shintaro Sakurai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University
| | | | - Junko Sakumoto
- Department of Infection Control and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Research Support Center
| | | | - Keisuke Ueki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akira Hishinuma
- Department of Infection Control and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Research Support Center
| | - Takao Kamai
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University
| | - Yoshimasa Aso
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University
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50
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Sporny M, Guez-Haddad J, Khazma T, Yaron A, Dessau M, Shkolnisky Y, Mim C, Isupov MN, Zalk R, Hons M, Opatowsky Y. Structural basis for SARM1 inhibition and activation under energetic stress. eLife 2020; 9:e62021. [PMID: 33185189 PMCID: PMC7688312 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SARM1, an executor of axonal degeneration, displays NADase activity that depletes the key cellular metabolite, NAD+, in response to nerve injury. The basis of SARM1 inhibition and its activation under stress conditions are still unknown. Here, we present cryo-EM maps of SARM1 at 2.9 and 2.7 Å resolutions. These indicate that SARM1 homo-octamer avoids premature activation by assuming a packed conformation, with ordered inner and peripheral rings, that prevents dimerization and activation of the catalytic domains. This inactive conformation is stabilized by binding of SARM1's own substrate NAD+ in an allosteric location, away from the catalytic sites. This model was validated by mutagenesis of the allosteric site, which led to constitutively active SARM1. We propose that the reduction of cellular NAD+ concentration contributes to the disassembly of SARM1's peripheral ring, which allows formation of active NADase domain dimers, thereby further depleting NAD+ to cause an energetic catastrophe and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sporny
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
| | - Julia Guez-Haddad
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
| | - Tami Khazma
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
| | - Avraham Yaron
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Moshe Dessau
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan UniversitySafedIsrael
| | - Yoel Shkolnisky
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel-Aviv UniversityTel-AvivIsrael
| | - Carsten Mim
- Royal Technical Institute (KTH), Dept. For Biomedical Engineering and Health SystemsStockholmSweden
| | | | - Ran Zalk
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-ShevaIsrael
| | - Michael Hons
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryGrenobleFrance
| | - Yarden Opatowsky
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-GanIsrael
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