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Helke KL, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Burrough ER, Derscheid RJ, Löhr C, McInnes EF, Scudamore CL, Brayton CF. Research Relevant Background Lesions and Conditions: Ferrets, Dogs, Swine, Sheep, and Goats. ILAR J 2021; 62:133-168. [PMID: 33712827 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models provide a valuable tool and resource for biomedical researchers as they investigate biological processes, disease pathogenesis, novel therapies, and toxicologic studies. Interpretation of animal model data requires knowledge not only of the processes/diseases being studied but also awareness of spontaneous conditions and background lesions in the model that can influence or even confound the study results. Species, breed/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplastic processes are model features that can impact the results as well as study interpretation. Here, we review these features in several common laboratory animal species, including ferret, dog (beagle), pig, sheep, and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Eric R Burrough
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Rachel J Derscheid
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Christiane Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth F McInnes
- Toxicologic Pathology, Toxicology Section, Human Safety at Syngenta, in Jealott's Hill, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl L Scudamore
- ExePathology, Pathologist at ExePathology, Exmouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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da Silva EC, Guerra JM, Torres LN, Lacerda AMD, Gomes RG, Rodrigues DM, Réssio RA, Melville PA, Martin CC, Benesi FJ, de Sá LRM, Cogliati B. Cryptococcus gattii molecular type VGII infection associated with lung disease in a goat. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:41. [PMID: 28173801 PMCID: PMC5297049 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptococcus gattii-induced cryptococcosis is an emerging infectious disease of humans and animals with worldwide distribution and public health importance due to its significant morbidity and mortality rate. The present study aimed to report a case of pulmonary infection by C. gattii molecular type VGII in State of São Paulo, Brazil. Case presentation A 5-year-old goat showing intermittent dry cough, ruminal tympany, anorexia, fever, tachycardia and tachypnea was presented for necropsy at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil. Postmortem examination revealed numerous 2.0–6.0 cm diameter yellow gelatinous pulmonary masses. Tissues were evaluated by a combination of pathological, mycological, and molecular diagnostic techniques. Microscopically, pneumonia granulomatous, multifocal to coalescing, moderate, with many intralesional carminophilic yeasts was observed. The immunohistochemistry and mycological culture confirmed Cryptococcus spp. Internal transcribed spacers and orotidine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase nucleotide differentiation demonstrated that the isolate corresponds to the C. gattii VGII molecular subtype. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pulmonary infection in a goat linked to C. gattii molecular type VGII in Southeastern Brazil. Our findings emphasize the need for an active surveillance program for human and animal new infections to improve the current public health policies due to expansion of the epidemiological niche of this important microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Catarine da Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Serviço de Patologia Animal - Hospital Veterinário (HOVET), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mariotti Guerra
- Departamento de Patologia, Serviço de Patologia Animal - Hospital Veterinário (HOVET), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil.,Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) - Centro de Patologia, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7o. Andar - Sala 705 - Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Neves Torres
- Departamento de Patologia, Serviço de Patologia Animal - Hospital Veterinário (HOVET), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Maria Dias Lacerda
- Departamento de Patologia, Serviço de Patologia Animal - Hospital Veterinário (HOVET), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Raquel Gonçalves Gomes
- Departamento de Patologia, Serviço de Patologia Animal - Hospital Veterinário (HOVET), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Danilo Marin Rodrigues
- Departamento de Patologia, Serviço de Patologia Animal - Hospital Veterinário (HOVET), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Albergaria Réssio
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) - Centro de Patologia, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7o. Andar - Sala 705 - Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Anne Melville
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Camila Cecilia Martin
- Clínica de Bovinos e Pequenos Ruminantes - Hospital Veterinário (HOVET), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando José Benesi
- Clínica de Bovinos e Pequenos Ruminantes - Hospital Veterinário (HOVET), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Lílian Rose Marques de Sá
- Departamento de Patologia, Serviço de Patologia Animal - Hospital Veterinário (HOVET), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Departamento de Patologia, Serviço de Patologia Animal - Hospital Veterinário (HOVET), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil.
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Forecasted Impact of Climate Change on Infectious Disease and Health Security in Hawaii by 2050. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2016; 10:797-804. [PMID: 27515507 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Climate change is expected to cause extensive shifts in the epidemiology of infectious and vector-borne diseases. Scenarios on the effects of climate change typically attribute altered distribution of communicable diseases to a rise in average temperature and altered incidence of infectious diseases to weather extremes. METHODS Recent evaluations of the effects of climate change on Hawaii have not explored this link. It may be expected that Hawaii's natural geography and robust water, sanitation, and health care infrastructure renders residents less vulnerable to many threats that are the focus on smaller, lesser developed, and more vulnerable Pacific islands. In addition, Hawaii's communicable disease surveillance and response system can act rapidly to counter increases in any disease above baseline and to redirect resources to deal with changes, particularly outbreaks due to exotic pathogens. RESULTS The evidence base examined in this article consistently revealed very low climate sensitivity with respect to infectious and mosquito-borne diseases. CONCLUSIONS A community resilience model is recommended to increase adaptive capacity for all possible climate change impacts rather an approach that focuses specifically on communicable diseases. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:797-804).
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