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Glauberman G, Fontenot HB, Lim E. Predictors of emergency preparedness among parents in Hawaii: A cross-sectional survey. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024:1-27. [PMID: 38699813 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine factors predicting emergency preparedness (EP) behaviors among Hawaii parents. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey of parents of children (age 0-12 years) living in Honolulu, Hawaii in March 2023 examined associations with 1) having an EP kit (supplies for use during emergencies) and 2) having a family emergency plan (what to do, where to go, how to communicate during emergencies) with demographics/household characteristics and theoretical constructs of the Health Belief Model. A multivariable regression model obtained odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Participants (N=278) were mainly female (84%), college-educated (68%), and were similar in diverse racial/ethnic composure (White, 13.3%) to the overall Honolulu County. Logistic regression determined participants with lower perceived susceptibility to disasters, greater time barriers, and those who needed help to prepare for emergencies were less likely to have an EP kit. Among participants without an EP kit, a website able to create personalized instructions for household EP would be useful. Participants who needed help to prepare for emergencies were less likely to have a family emergency plan. CONCLUSION Future interventions should focus on evidence-based strategies that improve self-efficacy associated with developing EP kits and family emergency plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Glauberman
- Nancy Atmospera-Walch School of Nursing, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2528 McCarthy Mall, Webster Hall, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA. ;
| | - Holly B Fontenot
- Nancy Atmospera-Walch School of Nursing, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2528 McCarthy Mall, Webster Hall, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA. ;
| | - Eunjung Lim
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa. 96813, USA.
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Santibañez S, Allen EM, Hairston S, Santibanez TA, Jeon S, Hayman K. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Openness to Communication From Local Faith-Based Congregations During Public Health Emergencies. Public Health Rep 2024; 139:333-341. [PMID: 37565300 PMCID: PMC11037223 DOI: 10.1177/00333549231186578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During public health emergencies, people at risk of exposure or illness will likely be presented with extensive information about an unfamiliar topic and be asked to make decisions quickly. In difficult situations, people often turn to trusted leaders, including from their local faith-based congregation (FBC). We examined how people receive, interpret, and respond to health communication information from clergy and lay leaders from their local FBC during public health emergencies. METHODS We analyzed responses to 10 questions from a 2021 nationally representative US survey. Porter Novelli designed the survey and administered it to 4510 US adults aged ≥18 years, of whom 3553 people completed the survey. We examined sociodemographic characteristics, trust of health information from clergy and lay leaders, and willingness to engage in health behaviors recommended by their FBC and receive health services through their local FBC. All estimates were weighted. We conducted bivariate analysis with contrast t tests for proportions at α = .05. RESULTS More than half of adults (55.4%), including 65.8% of non-Hispanic Black and 58.8% of Hispanic or Latino adults, were members of an FBC. Among FBC members, a higher percentage of Hispanic or Latino (29.1%) and non-Hispanic Black (36.3%) adults than non-Hispanic White adults (20.4%) reported trust in their FBC for health information (P < .05). This trust translated into greater intent to engage in health behaviors promoted by the local FBC among non-Hispanic Black respondents (31.4%) compared with non-Hispanic White respondents (22.5%) (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Public health officials can consider ways to better understand how the cultures and practices of populations being served influence people's health perceptions and behaviors. Collaboration between federal, state, and local public health officials and FBCs can promote health equity during public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Santibañez
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- US Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Allen
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Office of Communications, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Symone Hairston
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Office of Science, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tammy A. Santibanez
- Immunization Service Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Seonghye Jeon
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kimberly Hayman
- Arkansas Department of Health, Office of Faith-based Outreach, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Shah MH, Roy S, Flari E. The Critical Need for Disaster Medicine in Modern Medical Education. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e80. [PMID: 38682546 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Current escalation of natural disasters, pandemics, and humanitarian crises underscores the pressing need for inclusion of disaster medicine in medical education frameworks. Conventional medical training often lacks adequate focus on the complexities and unique challenges inherent in such emergencies. This discourse advocates for the integration of disaster medicine into medical curricula, highlighting the imperative to prepare health-care professionals for an effective response in challenging environments. These competencies encompass understanding mass casualty management, ethical decision-making amidst resource constraints, and adapting health-care practices to varied emergency contexts. Therefore, we posit that equipping medical students with these specialized skills and knowledge is vital for health-care delivery in the face of global health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamza Shah
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Anatomy, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Subham Roy
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Eleni Flari
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Anatomy, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Mani Z, Plummer V, Kuhn L, Khorram-Manesh A, Tin D, Goniewicz K. Public Health Responses to CBRN Terrorism in the Middle East and North Africa. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e87. [PMID: 38618924 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Escalating global challenges (such as disasters, conflict, and climate change) underline the importance of addressing Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) terrorism for sustainable public health strategies. This study aims to provide a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of CBRN incidents in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, emphasizing the necessity of sustainable responses to safeguard healthcare infrastructures. METHOD Utilizing a retrospective approach, this research analyzes data from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) covering the period from 2003 to 2020. The study focuses on examining the frequency, characteristics, and consequences of CBRN incidents in the MENA region to identify patterns and trends that pose significant challenges to public health systems. RESULTS The analysis revealed a significant clustering of CBRN incidents in Iraq and Syria, with a predominant involvement of chemical agents. These findings indicate the extensive impact of CBRN terrorism on healthcare infrastructures, highlighting the challenges in providing immediate health responses and the necessity for long-term recovery strategies. CONCLUSIONS The study underscores the need for improved healthcare preparedness, robust emergency response systems, and the development of sustainable public health policies. Advocating for international collaboration, the research contributes to the strategic adaptation of healthcare systems to mitigate the impacts of CBRN terrorism, ensuring preparedness for future incidents in the MENA region and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Mani
- Nursing College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lisa Kuhn
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amir Khorram-Manesh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden
- Disaster Medicine Center, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Derrick Tin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Fox F, Hayes J, Whelan B, Casey D, Connolly M. Key Factors Impacting a Medical Ventilator Supply Chain During the COVID- 19 Pandemic: Lessons for Pandemic Preparedness. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e65. [PMID: 38606429 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Future pandemics may cause more severe respiratory illness in younger age groups than COVID-19, requiring many more mechanical ventilators. This publication synthesizes the experiences of diverse contributors to Medtronic's mechanical ventilator supply chain during the pandemic, serving as a record of what worked and what didn't, while identifying key factors affecting production ramp-up in this healthcare crisis. METHOD In-depth, one-on-one interviews (n = 17) were held with key Medtronic personnel and suppliers. Template analysis was used, and interview content was analyzed for signals, initiatives, actions, and outcomes, as well as influencing forces. RESULTS Key findings revealed many factors limiting ventilator production ramp-up. Supply chain strengths and weaknesses were identified. Political factors played a role in allocating ventilators and also supported production. Commercial considerations were not priority, but economic awareness was essential to support suppliers. Workers were motivated and flexible. Component shortages, space, production processes, and logistics were challenges. Legally based pressures were reported e.g., import and export restrictions. CONCLUSION Crisis response alone is not enough; preparation is essential. Coordinated international strategies are more effective than individual country responses. Supply chain resilience based on visibility and flexibility is key. This research can help public health planners and the medical device industry prepare for future healthcare crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Fox
- University of Galway, Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jessica Hayes
- University of Galway, Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Galway, Ireland
| | - Barbara Whelan
- University of Galway, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dympna Casey
- University of Galway, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Galway, Ireland
| | - Máire Connolly
- University of Galway, Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Galway, Ireland
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Shea S, Nguyen T, Kim DH, Gee GC, Wang MC, Umemoto K. Lessons Learned From TranslateCovid, a Multilingual Online Resource Hub for Asian American and Pacific Islander Communities and Beyond. Public Health Rep 2024:333549241236092. [PMID: 38584484 DOI: 10.1177/00333549241236092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated health disparities among immigrant communities. Delivering accurate information and addressing misinformation on protective measures and vaccination to linguistically disadvantaged groups was critical for mitigating the effects of the pandemic. One group that was especially vulnerable to miscommunication about COVID-19 was non-native English-speaking immigrants. To address these disparities, the Asian American Studies Center and the Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles, partnered to create a multilingual resource hub, TranslateCovid.org, to disseminate credible and reliable information about COVID-19 safety measures, the science behind the vaccines, and vaccine safety. We identified >1300 verified resources in 60 languages from government, academic, and nonprofit organizations and reposted them on the TranslateCovid website. We also developed public service announcement videos on handwashing, use of face masks, and social distancing in 10 languages and a fact sheet for frequently asked questions in 20 languages. We used a participatory approach to develop strategies for disseminating these resources. We discuss lessons learned, including strategies for forming government, community, and academic partnerships to support the timely development and dissemination of information. We conclude with a discussion on the unique role of universities in promoting equitable access to public health resources among immigrant communities in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Shea
- Asian American Studies Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tom Nguyen
- Asian American Studies Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Kim
- Asian American Studies Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gilbert C Gee
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - May C Wang
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen Umemoto
- Asian American Studies Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hjellström M, Isaksson M. Calibration of medical gamma cameras for estimation of internal contamination from 137Cs. J Radiol Prot 2024; 44:021505. [PMID: 38530296 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ad37c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Calibration of 22 gamma camera units was performed at 15 hospitals in southern and western Sweden to estimate137Cs contamination in humans in a supine static geometry, with a new developed calibration protocol and phantom. The minimum detectable activities (MDAs) and the estimated committed effective doses (CEDs) were calculated for each calibration. Generic calibration factors were calculated for five predetermined groups based on the detector type and manufacturer. Group 1 and 2 included NaI-based gamma cameras from General Electrics (GEs) with a crystal thickness of 5/8'' and 3/8'' respectively. Group 3 and 4 included NaI-based gamma cameras from Siemens Healthineers with a crystal thickness of 3/8'', with a similar energy window as the GE NaI-based cameras and a dual window respectively. Group 5 included semiconductor-based gamma cameras from GE with a CdZnTe (CZT) detector. The generic calibration factors were 60.0 cps kBq-1, 52.3 cps kBq-1, 50.3 cps kBq-1, 53.2 cps kBq-1and 48.4 cps kBq-1for group 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. The MDAs ranged between 169 and 1130 Bq for all groups, with measurement times of 1-10 min, corresponding to a CED of 4.77-77.6μSv. A dead time analysis was performed for group 1 and suggested a dead time of 3.17μs for137Cs measurements. The dead time analysis showed that a maximum count rate of 232 kcps could be measured in the calibration geometry, corresponding to a CED of 108-263 mSv. It has been shown that semiconductor-based gamma cameras with CZT detectors are feasible for estimating137Cs contamination. The generic calibration factors derived in this study can be used for gamma cameras of the same models in other hospitals, for measurements in the same measurement geometry. This will increase the measurement capability for estimating internal137Cs contamination in the recovery phase following radiological or nuclear events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hjellström
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Isaksson
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Baker Rogers JE. Hospices and Emergency Preparedness Planning: A Scoping Review of the Literature. J Palliat Care 2024; 39:161-172. [PMID: 37198908 DOI: 10.1177/08258597231176410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Palliative and end-of-life care, as provided by hospices, are important elements of a healthcare response to disasters. A scoping review of the literature was conducted to examine and synthesize what is currently known about emergency preparedness planning by hospices. Methods. A literature search of academic and trade publications was conducted through 6 publication databases, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines when applicable. Publications were selected and findings were organized into themes. Results. A total of 26 articles were included in the literature review. Six themes of Policies and Procedures; Testing/Training/Education; Integration and Coordination; Mitigation; Risk Assessment/Hazard and Vulnerability Analysis; and Regulations were identified. Conclusions. This review demonstrates that hospices have begun to individualize emergency preparedness features that support their unique role. The review supports all-hazards planning for hospices, and emerging from this review is a developing vision for expanded roles of hospices to help communities in times of disaster. Continued research in this specialized area is needed to improve hospices' emergency preparedness efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna E Baker Rogers
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Palliative Care Graduate Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lindsay S, Hsu S. Emergency and disaster preparedness among children and youth with disabilities and chronic conditions, their caregivers and service providers: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:1239-1255. [PMID: 38554389 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2185294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE People with disabilities, especially children and youth, are often not considered in emergency and disaster preparedness planning, which leaves them vulnerable and at a higher risk of the negative effects of natural and human caused disasters. The purpose of this study was to understand the extent of emergency and disaster preparedness and factors influencing preparedness among children and youth with disabilities and chronic conditions, their caregivers and service providers. METHODS Our scoping review involved searching six international databases that identified 1146 studies of which 27 met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS The studies in this review involved 2613 participants (i.e., children, parents, educators and clinicians) across nine countries over a 20-year period. Our results highlighted the following trends: (1) the extent of emergency preparedness; (2) factors affecting emergency preparedness; and (3) interventions to enhance preparedness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the critical need for more attention to emergency preparedness for children and youth with disabilities, their families and service providers and their inclusion in planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Lindsay
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shaelynn Hsu
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Shah SA, Feng ZC, Ziccardi VB. Impact of COVID-19 on emergency oral health care in New Jersey. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:204-212. [PMID: 38069962 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic led to reduced services of private dental practices. The public emergency clinic of Rutgers School of Dental Medicine (RSDM) (Newark, NJ) faced changing demands during various periods of the pandemic. METHODS Records of patients visiting the emergency clinic at RSDM during 3 distinct periods (prelockdown, lockdown, teledentistry) from January 10, 2020, through June 30, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Qualitative and quantitative attributes pertaining to patient encounters were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 1,799 records were included in this study. Patient visits increased during the early lockdown but were reduced after the implementation of teledentistry. Trends were noted in patient volume, reasons for visits, treatment needs, symptoms, diagnostic methodology, prescription use, and final disposition of patients. CONCLUSIONS The lockdown affected emergency dental clinic services at RSDM. Teledentistry visits played a key role in screening patients and in facilitating the delivery of oral health care and timely follow-ups to patients who needed urgent in-person emergency visits. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Data gathered will lead to a better understanding of patients seen in the emergency clinic and can help with long-term planning for both institutional and smaller outpatient clinics during public health emergencies.
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Banaski JA, Govender N, Groome MJ, Houser R, Greiner A, Krishnan S, Means B, Remmel R, Vélez Alvarado I, Standley CJ. Introducing www.epidemic-em.org: A Collection of Online Resources and Training Materials for Strengthening use of Emergency Operations Centers for Epidemic Response. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e48. [PMID: 38389486 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed to demonstrate that a website, www.epidemic-em.org, encompassing "static" resources, and videos, as well as other tools, can be used to strengthen public health emergency management capacity during epidemic response. METHODS Existing resources were updated and developed for self-directed Emergency Operations Centers' capacity strengthening, in order to encompass current best practices, and to emphasize how public health emergency management concepts can support epidemic response activities. These materials formed the core of the website, launched in June 2020, to which country case studies were added. In 2021, a pilot virtual training program was designed using recorded video lectures and interviews with global experts in addition to the website material, which was delivered to South African responders. RESULTS The website has been accessed in more than 135 countries, demonstrating widespread reach and interest in online and freely accessible materials to support public health emergency operations. Over 30 people participated in the pilot virtual training, and the evaluation showed improvement in knowledge, confidence in using emergency management concepts for epidemic response, and positive feedback on the virtual modality. CONCLUSIONS Online tools can expand access to materials and resources for public health emergency management capacity strengthening. Virtual modalities can further serve as a powerful complement, and perhaps replacement, for traditional in-person technical assistance, despite some limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Banaski
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, WashingtonDC, USA
- Emergency Management Training & Consulting LLC, AtlantaGA, USA
| | - Nevashan Govender
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michelle J Groome
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ryan Houser
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, WashingtonDC, USA
- School of Continuing Studies, Georgetown University, WashingtonDC, USA
| | - Ashley Greiner
- Division of Global Health Protection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, AtlantaGA, USA
| | - Sharanya Krishnan
- Division of Emergency Operations, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, AtlantaGA, USA
| | - Brenna Means
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, WashingtonDC, USA
- School of Continuing Studies, Georgetown University, WashingtonDC, USA
| | - Ryan Remmel
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, WashingtonDC, USA
- Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, WashingtonDC, USA
| | - Ileana Vélez Alvarado
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, WashingtonDC, USA
- School of Continuing Studies, Georgetown University, WashingtonDC, USA
| | - Claire J Standley
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, WashingtonDC, USA
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Amberson T, Heagele T, Wyte-Lake T, Couig MP, Bell SA, Mammen MJ, Wells V, Castner J. Social support, educational, and behavioral modification interventions for improving household disaster preparedness in the general community-dwelling population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1257714. [PMID: 38596429 PMCID: PMC11003604 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of household emergency preparedness interventions for community-dwelling, non-institutionalized people is largely unknown. Objective To ascertain the state of the science on social support, educational, and behavioral modification interventions to improve all-hazard household disaster preparedness. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Databases, trial registers, reports, and websites were searched, and citation trails followed utilizing replicable methods. Individual, cluster, and cross-over randomized controlled trials of non-institutionalized, community-dwelling populations and non-randomized controlled trials, controlled before-after, and program evaluation studies were included. At least two review authors independently screened each potentially relevant study for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's RoB2 tool for randomized studies and ROBINS-I tool for nonrandomized studies. Meta-analyses were applied using a random-effects model. Where meta-analysis was not indicated, results were synthesized using summary statistics of intervention effect estimates and vote counting based on effect direction. The evidence was rated using GRADE. Results 17 studies were included with substantial methodological and clinical diversity. No intervention effect was observed for preparedness supplies (OR = 6.12, 95% 0.13 to 284.37) or knowledge (SMD = 0.96, 95% CI -0.15 to 2.08) outcomes. A small positive effect (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.91) was observed for preparedness behaviors, with very low certainty of evidence. No studies reported adverse effects from the interventions. Conclusion Research designs elucidating the efficacy of practical yet complex and multi- faceted social support, educational, and behavioral modification interventions present substantial methodological challenges where rigorous study design elements may not match the contextual public health priority needs and resources where interventions were delivered. While the overall strength of the evidence was evaluated as low to very low, we acknowledge the valuable and informative work of the included studies. The research represents the seminal work in this field and provides an important foundation for the state of the science of household emergency preparedness intervention effectiveness and efficacy. The findings are relevant to disaster preparedness practice and research, and we encourage researchers to continue this line of research, using these studies and this review to inform ongoing improvements in study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Amberson
- Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tara Heagele
- Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Tamar Wyte-Lake
- Veterans Emergency Management Evaluation Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mary Pat Couig
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sue Anne Bell
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Valerie Wells
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Castner
- Castner Incorporated, Grand Island, NY, United States
- University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, United States
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Zachrison KS, Cash RE, Boggs KM, Hayden EM, Sullivan AF, Camargo CA. Emergency Department and Health Care System Factors Associated with Telehealth Innovation During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Telemed J E Health 2024; 30:527-535. [PMID: 37523311 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Telehealth capacity may be an important component of pandemic response infrastructure. We aimed to examine changes in the telehealth use by the US emergency departments (EDs) during COVID-19, and to determine whether existing telehealth infrastructure or increased system integration were associated with increased likelihood of use. Methods: We analyzed 2016-2020 National ED Inventory (NEDI)-USA data, including ED characteristics and nature of telehealth use for all US EDs. American Hospital Association data characterized EDs' system integration. An ordinary least-squares regression model obtained one-step-ahead forecast of the expected proportion of EDs using telehealth in 2020 based on growth observed from 2016 to 2019. Among EDs without telehealth in 2019, we used logistic regression models to examine whether system membership or existing telehealth infrastructure were associated with odds of innovation in telehealth use in 2020, accounting for ED characteristics. Results: Of 4,038 EDs responding to telehealth questions in 2019 and 2020 (73% response rate), 3,015 used telehealth in 2020. Telehealth use by US EDs increased more than expected in 2020 (2016: 58%, 2017: 61%, 2018: 65%, 2019: 67%, 2020: 74%, greater than predicted 71%, p = 0.004). Existing telehealth infrastructure was associated with increased telehealth innovation (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.49-2.36), whereas hospital system membership was not (odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-1.25). Conclusions: Telehealth use by US EDs in 2020 grew more than expected and preexisting telehealth infrastructure was associated with increased innovation in its use. Preparation for future pandemic responses may benefit from considering strategies to invest in local infrastructure to facilitate technology adoption and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kori S Zachrison
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
| | - Rebecca E Cash
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
| | - Krislyn M Boggs
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
| | - Emily M Hayden
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
| | - Ashley F Sullivan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
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14
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Rahman GR, Liang SY, Tian L, Sin SS, Jasani GN. Trends and Characteristics of Terrorist Attacks Against Nightclub Venues Over 5 Decades. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e12. [PMID: 38287687 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nightclubs are entertainment and hospitality venues historically vulnerable to terrorist attacks. This study identified and characterized terrorist attacks targeting nightclubs and discotheques documented in the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) over a 50-y period. METHODS A search of the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was conducted from 1970 to 2019. Precoded variables for target type "business" and target subtype "entertainment/cultural/stadium/casino" were used to identify attacks potentially involving nightclubs. Nightclub venues were specifically identified using the search terms "club," "nightclub," and "discotheque." Two authors manually reviewed each entry to confirm the appropriateness for inclusion. Descriptive statistics were performed using R (3.6.1). RESULTS A total of 114 terrorist attacks targeting nightclub venues were identified from January 1, 1970, through December 31, 2019. Seventy-four (64.9%) attacks involved nightclubs, while forty (35.1%) attacks involved discotheques. A bombing or explosion was involved in 84 (73.7%) attacks, followed by armed assault in 14 (12.3%) attacks. The highest number of attacks occurred in Western Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa. In total, 284 persons died, and 1175 persons were wounded in attacks against nightclub venues. CONCLUSIONS While terrorist attacks against nightclub venues are infrequent, the risk for mass casualties and injuries can be significant, mainly when explosives and armed assaults are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace R Rahman
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Y Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Linlin Tian
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steve S Sin
- National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Gregory N Jasani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Furek A, Edirisooriya M, Casey M, Haas EJ. Using the Number of N95® Filtering Facepiece Respirator Models as an Indicator of Supply Chain Stability in a US Health-Care System. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e10. [PMID: 38287526 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Personal protective equipment (PPE) supply chain disruptions force US health-care entities to adopt conservation strategies such as procurement from different respirator manufacturers. This research seeks to better understand how the number of respirator models on hand can serve as an indicator of N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) supply chain stability or disruption. METHODS Researchers looked at differences in the mean number of N95 FFR models, averaged weekly, from 10 hospitals in a health-care system over 15 wk from June 1 to September 10, 2020. Participating hospitals entered near-daily PPE inventory data by manufacturer and model number. RESULTS A linear mixed effect model was run in SPSS v. 26 using a random intercept for hospitals, with week as a fixed predictor and mean number of respirator models (averaged weekly) on hand as the dependent variable. Each week showed a small but significant effect compared with the past week (P < 0.001), where the average weekly number of respirator models on hand decreased. CONCLUSIONS The limited data may indicate a resolution of supply chain disruptions and warrant further investigation. Consequently, the number of respirator models may be applicable as an indicator of supply chain stability and be more easily ascertained and tracked by health-care entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Furek
- National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mihili Edirisooriya
- National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan Casey
- National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Emily J Haas
- National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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16
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Workman B, Fulk F, Carreón T, Nabors L. Implementation of an Awareness Level Training to Prepare the Workforce for Future Infectious Disease Outbreaks. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e9. [PMID: 38287864 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for workforce awareness-level training for infectious disease outbreaks. A training program was created and evaluated to provide strategies for emergency preparedness as well as worker health and safety during a disease outbreak. METHODS Participants (N = 292) completed instructor-led synchronous online training modules between January 2022 and February 2023. Training covered 5 areas: vaccine awareness, infectious disease transmission and prevention, pandemic awareness, and inapparent infections, as well as workplace controls to reduce or remove hazards. Participants completed a survey before and after training to assess knowledge change in the five areas. Chi-square analyses assessed how predictors were related to knowledge change. RESULTS Overall, an increase in knowledge was observed between pre- (80.9%) and post-training (92.7%). Participants from small businesses, with less work experience, and in non-health care roles were under-informed. Knowledge of disease transmission and prevention improved for non-health care professions and workers with less experience. All participants gained knowledge in identifying and ranking safeguards to protect workers from injuries and illness at job sites. CONCLUSIONS Training improved employee knowledge about safe work practices and pandemic preparedness. Studies should continue to evaluate the effectiveness of preparedness training to prepare the workforce for infectious disease outbreaks and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Workman
- Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Health Promotion and Education, School of Human Services, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Florence Fulk
- Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tania Carreón
- Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- World Trade Center Health Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laura Nabors
- Health Promotion and Education, School of Human Services, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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17
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Mannebach K, Nguyen RHN, Radi D, Ricke IJ, Scullard M, Wattenberg EV. Building Pathways Into Governmental Public Health Careers Through Academic-Governmental Public Health Partnerships. Public Health Rev 2024; 45:1606780. [PMID: 38322495 PMCID: PMC10838775 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2024.1606780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kinsey Mannebach
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ruby H. N. Nguyen
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Deborah Radi
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Isabel J. Ricke
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mickey Scullard
- Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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18
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Jaegers LA, McAndrew R, Cornelius A, Scott SD, Pridgeon S, El Ghaziri M, Bello JK. COVID-19 Preparedness, Stressors, and Data-Driven Solutions for Healthcare Workers at a Regional Rural-Urban Hospital System: A Longitudinal Total Worker Health ® Study. Workplace Health Saf 2024; 72:30-38. [PMID: 37873624 DOI: 10.1177/21650799231202792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, healthcare workers were devastated by the insufficient preparedness to respond to their patients' and personal health needs. A gap exists in resources to prevent or reduce acute and long-term healthcare worker mental illnesses resulting from COVID-19 frontline response. METHODS We performed an exploratory, mixed methods, longitudinal study of healthcare workers at a regional rural-urban hospital system in the Midwest United States during the COVID-19 response (4 timepoints, 2020). Using the Total Worker Health® (TWH) participatory needs assessment approach, self-identified frontline COVID-19 workers participated in a survey including Health-Related Quality of Life, Impact of Event Scale, and a modified version of the American Nursing Association COVID-19 survey; and a hospital timeline tracked system-level activities. FINDINGS Response rate at Timepoint (T)1 was 21.7% (N = 39) and of those, 14 (36%) completed all four surveys. From T1 to T4, the rate of COVID-19 patients steadily increased, staff exceeded the threshold for post-traumatic stress disorder at T1 and T4; staff reported not enough rest or sleep 50% of the month, T1-T4. Helpfulness of family support increased but community support decreased, T1-T4. Concerns with performing new tasks increased; the challenges related to lack of protective equipment and negative media decreased. Workers wanted to be involved in decision-making, desired timely communication, and needed adequate physical, environmental, and psychological supports. CONCLUSIONS/APPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Utilization of a TWH® strategy for describing health needs, hospital response, and multi-level staff suggestions to workplace health solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic identified evidence-based health promotion interventions in a hospital system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Jaegers
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University
| | - Rose McAndrew
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University
| | - Andrea Cornelius
- Industrial-Organizational Psychology, Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, Saint Louis University
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer K Bello
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University
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19
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Kothari M, Andreadis J, Glynn MK, Lie-Tjauw S, Isbell SDD. Readiness for Public Health Emergency Response: The Foundational Role of a Data Ecosystem. Public Health Rep 2024; 139:5-10. [PMID: 37119176 PMCID: PMC10905764 DOI: 10.1177/00333549231166450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Kothari
- Office of Readiness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joanne Andreadis
- Office of Readiness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M. Kathleen Glynn
- Office of Readiness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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20
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De La Cerda I, Bauer CX, Zhang K, Lee M, Jones M, Rodriguez A, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP. Evaluation of a Targeted COVID-19 Community Outreach Intervention: Case Report for Precision Public Health. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e47981. [PMID: 38117549 PMCID: PMC10765283 DOI: 10.2196/47981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cameron County, a low-income south Texas-Mexico border county marked by severe health disparities, was consistently among the top counties with the highest COVID-19 mortality in Texas at the onset of the pandemic. The disparity in COVID-19 burden within Texas counties revealed the need for effective interventions to address the specific needs of local health departments and their communities. Publicly available COVID-19 surveillance data were not sufficiently timely or granular to deliver such targeted interventions. An agency-academic collaboration in Cameron used novel geographic information science methods to produce granular COVID-19 surveillance data. These data were used to strategically target an educational outreach intervention named "Boots on the Ground" (BOG) in the City of Brownsville (COB). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a spatially targeted community intervention on daily COVID-19 test counts. METHODS The agency-academic collaboration between the COB and UTHealth Houston led to the creation of weekly COVID-19 epidemiological reports at the census tract level. These reports guided the selection of census tracts to deliver targeted BOG between April 21 and June 8, 2020. Recordkeeping of the targeted BOG tracts and the intervention dates, along with COVID-19 daily testing counts per census tract, provided data for intervention evaluation. An interrupted time series design was used to evaluate the impact on COVID-19 test counts 2 weeks before and after targeted BOG. A piecewise Poisson regression analysis was used to quantify the slope (sustained) and intercept (immediate) change between pre- and post-BOG COVID-19 daily test count trends. Additional analysis of COB tracts that did not receive targeted BOG was conducted for comparison purposes. RESULTS During the intervention period, 18 of the 48 COB census tracts received targeted BOG. Among these, a significant change in the slope between pre- and post-BOG daily test counts was observed in 5 tracts, 80% (n=4) of which had a positive slope change. A positive slope change implied a significant increase in daily COVID-19 test counts 2 weeks after targeted BOG compared to the testing trend observed 2 weeks before intervention. In an additional analysis of the 30 census tracts that did not receive targeted BOG, significant slope changes were observed in 10 tracts, of which positive slope changes were only observed in 20% (n=2). In summary, we found that BOG-targeted tracts had mostly positive daily COVID-19 test count slope changes, whereas untargeted tracts had mostly negative daily COVID-19 test count slope changes. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of spatially targeted community interventions is necessary to strengthen the evidence base of this important approach for local emergency preparedness. This report highlights how an academic-agency collaboration established and evaluated the impact of a real-time, targeted intervention delivering precision public health to a small community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela De La Cerda
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health Brownsville Campus, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Cici X Bauer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kehe Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Miryoung Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health Brownsville Campus, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Michelle Jones
- Public Health Department, City of Brownsville, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Arturo Rodriguez
- Public Health Department, City of Brownsville, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Joseph B McCormick
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health Brownsville Campus, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Susan P Fisher-Hoch
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health Brownsville Campus, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Brownsville, TX, United States
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21
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Tsujiguchi T, Imai M, Kimura S, Koiwa T, Naraoka M, Hanada H, Yamanouchi K, Kashiwakura I, Ito K. Development of an Automatic Chronological Record Creation System Using Voice AI to Facilitate Information Aggregation and Sharing in the Event of a Disaster. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e560. [PMID: 38083851 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the event of a disaster, the chain of command and communication of each relevant agency is important. In this study, a chronological record creation system using voice AI (V-CRS) was developed, and an experiment was conducted to determine whether the obtained information could be quickly and easily summarized in chronological order. METHODS After a lecture by Japanese Disaster Medical Assistant (DMAT) Team members and 8 medical clerks on how to use the developed tool, a comparison experiment was conducted between manual input and V-CRS utilization of the time to compile disaster information. RESULTS Results proved that V-CRS can collect information gathered at headquarters more quickly than handwriting. It was also suggested that even medical clerks who have never been trained to record information during disasters could record information at the same speed as trained DMAT personnel. CONCLUSION V-CRS can transcribe audio information even in situations where technical terms and physical units must be recorded, such as radiation disasters. It has been proven that anyone can quickly organize information using this method, to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakiyo Tsujiguchi
- Hirosaki University, Radiation Emergency Medicine and Cooperation Promotion, Education Center for Disaster and Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masashi Imai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shota Kimura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Tomoki Koiwa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masato Naraoka
- Hirosaki University, Radiation Emergency Medicine and Cooperation Promotion, Education Center for Disaster and Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Advance Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hanada
- Advance Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kanako Yamanouchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kashiwakura
- Hirosaki University, Radiation Emergency Medicine and Cooperation Promotion, Education Center for Disaster and Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Ito
- Hirosaki University, Radiation Emergency Medicine and Cooperation Promotion, Education Center for Disaster and Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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22
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Griebe K, Jiang C, MacDonald NC. Assessing the pharmacy workforce's preparedness for a workplace violence event. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2023; 80:1840-1846. [PMID: 37698265 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxad225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to describe the planning, implementation, and findings of a "person with a weapon" exercise for an inpatient pharmacy department. SUMMARY There has been an increased focus on workplace violence in healthcare within the last few years. The health-system pharmacy workforce should take an active role in planning for workplace violence events by completing a risk assessment analysis and performing tabletop and functional exercises. This study provides an example of how health-system pharmacists collaborated with an emergency management team, security, and communications to carry out a person with a weapon exercise in an inpatient hospital pharmacy. Areas for improvement were identified for pharmacy, communications, and security during education sessions and the tabletop and functional exercises, demonstrating the importance of a multidisciplinary approach when planning for a person with a weapon event. As a result of this exercise, there was increased awareness of the "run, hide, fight" tactic, an increase in workplace violence education and staff awareness, and an enhancement of security measures, including technology improvements. CONCLUSION This workplace violence exercise provides an example of how the pharmacy workforce can engage in emergency preparedness planning and risk mitigation for a workplace violence event. Other health systems can use the action plan, findings, and improvements to raise awareness and train about workplace violence events and support the safety of the pharmacy workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Griebe
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christine Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nancy C MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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23
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Riser A, Perez M, Snead MC, Galang RR, Simeone RM, Salame-Alfie A, Rice ME, Sayyad A, Strid P, Yocca J, Meeker JR, Waits G, Hansen S, Hall R, Anstey E, House LD, Okoroh E, Zotti M, Ellington SR. CDC Division of Reproductive Health's Emergency Preparedness Resources and Activities for Radiation Emergencies: Public Health Considerations for Women's Reproductive Health. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:1271-1280. [PMID: 38051520 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant, postpartum, and lactating people, and infants have unique needs during public health emergencies, including nuclear and radiological incidents. This report provides information on the CDC Division of Reproductive Health's emergency preparedness and response activities to address the needs of women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years), people who are pregnant, postpartum, or lactating, and infants during a radiation emergency. Highlighted preparedness activities include: (1) development of a quick reference guide to inform key questions about pregnant, postpartum, and lactating people, and infants during radiation emergencies; and (2) exercising the role of reproductive health experts during nuclear and radiological incident preparedness activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspen Riser
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mirna Perez
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Margaret Christine Snead
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Romeo R Galang
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Regina M Simeone
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Adela Salame-Alfie
- National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marion E Rice
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ayeesha Sayyad
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Penelope Strid
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica Yocca
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica R Meeker
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Grayson Waits
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sabrina Hansen
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca Hall
- Office of Readiness and Response, Office of Science and Public Health Practice, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Erica Anstey
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, and Population Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - L Duane House
- Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ekwutosi Okoroh
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marianne Zotti
- Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs (AMCHP) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sascha R Ellington
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Baloh J, Charton H, Curran GM. Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs during a Health Crisis: Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Future Implications. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1855-1865. [PMID: 37722809 PMCID: PMC10872742 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2257305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly changed how substance use disorder (SUD) treatment services are delivered. In this qualitative study, we examined what changes SUD treatment programs in Arkansas implemented in response to the pandemic, what factors influenced their ability to implement these changes, and their reflections, outlook, and future recommendations. Methods: Between May and August 2020, we conducted semi-structured phone interviews with 29 leaders at 21 SUD programs throughout Arkansas. Interview questions focused on what changes programs implemented in response to the pandemic, barriers and facilitators to implementation, and future outlook. Interviews were thematically analyzed. Results: Programs implemented similar infection control practices, including COVID-19 screening at entry, masks, hand hygiene, and social distancing. Residential programs discontinued outside visitations and capped admissions, and outpatient programs implemented telehealth services. Clients generally responded well to the changes, however many experienced difficulties (e.g., anxiety, lack of access to telehealth). While programs welcomed additional financial support (e.g., CARES act) and looser regulatory restrictions (e.g., telehealth use), many struggled economically due to lower demand and insufficient reimbursement. Programs varied in leadership and staff responses to the pandemic, and in their capacity to implement the changes (e.g., facilities, staffing). Finally, interviewees acknowledged they were unprepared for the pandemic and were uncertain about the future. Conclusions: The insights from the COVID-19 pandemic and SUD programs' responses helps researchers, policymakers and practitioners understand what has happened during the pandemic, how to prepare for future crises, and how to build more resilient SUD and public health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Baloh
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Heidi Charton
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Geoffrey M. Curran
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, North Little Rock, AR, USA
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Venkataraman R, Rajiah K, Anand M, Surendran G. Social Determinants Predicting the Community Pharmacists' Workforce Preparedness for, and Response to, the Public Health Emergencies. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e515. [PMID: 37859417 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the predicting factors that contribute to preparedness for public health emergencies among community pharmacists in India. METHODS Multistage cluster sampling was done. The geographic breakdown was done based on villages and areas and used as clusters. A simple random method was done in the first stage to select the villages as clusters. From each selected village, a simple random method was done in the second stage to select the areas. From each selected area, all the community pharmacies were selected. The survey questionnaire had 3 sections with 43 items: (A) demographic information, (B) preparedness, (C) response toward infectious diseases. The participants chose "Yes/No", in sections B and C. A score of 1 was given for "Yes", and a score of zero was given for "No". RESULTS Multiple correlation analyses were conducted between participants' preparedness and response (PR) scores and independent variables. The independent variables such as "More than one Pharmacist working in a pharmacy", "Pharmacists who are trained more than once on disaster management", and encountered more than 1 patient with the infectious disease were positively and significantly correlated with the dependent variable (PR scores). CONCLUSIONS Community pharmacists were aware of the issues they may face in their community concerning public health emergencies. They believed that the medications available in their pharmacy are sufficient to face any emergency. They could identify the clinical manifestations of public health emergency conditions and provide counselling to the customers toward them. Community pharmacists who were trained more than once in disaster management were the strongest predicting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Venkataraman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G Nagara, India
| | - Kingston Rajiah
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Meghana Anand
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G Nagara, India
| | - Gopika Surendran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G Nagara, India
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Steins K, Goolsby C, Grönbäck AM, Charlton N, Anderson K, Dacuyan-Faucher N, Prytz E, Andersson Granberg T, Jonson CO. Recommendations for Placement of Bleeding Control Kits in Public Spaces-A Simulation Study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e527. [PMID: 37852924 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bleeding control measures performed by members of the public can prevent trauma deaths. Equipping public spaces with bleeding control kits facilitates these actions. We modeled a mass casualty incident to investigate the effects of public bleeding control kit location strategies. METHODS We developed a computer simulation of a bomb exploding in a shopping mall. We used evidence and expert opinion to populate the model with parameters such as the number of casualties, the public's willingness to aid, and injury characteristics. Four alternative placement strategies of public bleeding control kits in the shopping mall were tested: co-located with automated external defibrillators (AEDs) separated by 90-second walking intervals, dispersed throughout the mall at 10 locations, located adjacent to 1 exit, located adjacent to 2 exits. RESULTS Placing bleeding control kits at 2 locations co-located with AEDs resulted in the most victims surviving (18.2), followed by 10 kits dispersed evenly throughout the mall (18.0). One or 2 kit locations placed at the mall's main exits resulted in the fewest surviving victims (15.9 and 16.1, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Co-locating bleeding control kits with AEDs at 90-second walking intervals results in the best casualty outcomes in a modeled mass casualty incident in a shopping mall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisjanis Steins
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Craig Goolsby
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Nathan Charlton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kevin Anderson
- F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Dacuyan-Faucher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Erik Prytz
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, Sweden
- Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | | | - Carl-Oscar Jonson
- Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
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Khidri FF, Riaz H, Khuwaja AH. Cyclone Biparjoy: A Test of Pakistan's Disaster Preparedness. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e454. [PMID: 37605993 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feriha Fatima Khidri
- Biochemistry Department, Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Hina Riaz
- Physiology Department, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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Maher JD, Weiss L. Development and Implementation of an Emergency Action Plan in Football. HSS J 2023; 19:358-364. [PMID: 37435130 PMCID: PMC10331272 DOI: 10.1177/15563316231165498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Although uncommon, life-threatening injuries and illnesses do occur in American football, and the emergency response team must be ready to act when an emergency arises during training, practice, or competition. An emergency action plan (EAP) is central to the care of an athlete with a suspected life-threatening injury or illness. This set of step-by-step instructions on how the emergency response team will act during an emergency details the members of the team and their roles, plus information on emergency equipment, procedures at each venue, and the transportation of a player to the hospital. The emergency response team should keep the EAP up-to-date and rehearse annually.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leigh Weiss
- New York Football Giants, East Rutherford, NJ, USA
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Cheng SSNR, Ng SYJ, Ong KY, Loi ZKK, Lei YX, Wong XY, Quah LJJ. Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Medical Students Toward Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Medicine in Singapore. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e438. [PMID: 37489507 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite rising incidences of global disasters, basic principles of disaster medicine training are barely taught in Singapore's 3 medical schools. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current levels of emergency preparedness, attitudes, and perceptions of disaster medicine education among medical students in Singapore. METHODS The Emergency Preparedness Information Questionnaire (EPIQ) was provided to enrolled medical students in Singapore by means of an online form, from March 6, 2020, to February 20, 2021. A total of 635 (25.7%) responses were collated and analyzed. RESULTS Mean score for overall familiarity was low, at 1.50 ± 0.74, on a Likert scale of 1 for not familiar to 5 for very familiar. A total of 90.6% of students think that disaster medicine is an important facet of the curriculum, and 93.1% agree that training should be provided for medical students. Although 77.3% of respondents believe that they are unable to contribute to a disaster scenario currently, 92.8% believe that they will be able to contribute with formal training. CONCLUSIONS Despite low levels of emergency preparedness knowledge, the majority of medical students in Singapore are keen for adaptation of disaster medicine into the current curriculum to be able to contribute more effectively. This can arm future health-care professionals with the confidence to respond to any potential emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kim Yao Ong
- Ministry of Health Holdings (MOHH), Singapore
| | | | - Yu Xian Lei
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiang Yi Wong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Juan Joy Quah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Gou J, Kan N, Zhao F, Yao L, Hou S. Successful Large Hospital Evacuation With 11 350 Patients Transferred in the 2021 Zhengzhou Flood. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e434. [PMID: 37485830 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This is a case report of a huge hospital evacuation with 11 350 inpatients in the 2021 Zhengzhou flood in China, using a mixed methods analysis. METHODS The qualitative part was a content analysis of semi-structured interviews of 6 key hospital staff involved in evacuation management. The evacuation experience was reviewed according to the 4 stages of disaster management: prevention, preparation, response, and recovery. RESULTS Because of unprecedented torrential rain, the flood exceeded expectations, and there was a lack of local preventive measures. In preparation, according to the alert, the evacuation was planned to reduce the workload on inpatients and to accept the surge of medical needs by the flood. In response, the prioritization of critically ill patients and large-scale collaboration of hospital staff, rescue teams, and accepting branch made it possible to successfully transfer all 11 350 inpatients. In recovery, restoring medical services and a series of activities to improve the hospital's vulnerability were carried out. CONCLUSIONS A hospital evacuation is one of the strategies of the business continuity plan of a hospital. For the evacuation, leadership and collaboration were important. Challenges such as prolonged roadway flooding and the infrastructure issues were needed to be addressed throughout the evacuation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Zhou
- College of Management and Economy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzhong Zhang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianjun Gou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Nan Kan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feida Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lulu Yao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China-Disaster Medicine of the Chinese Medical Association, Asia Pacific Division of Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness
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Chaney BH, Stellefson ML, Opp M, Allard M, Chaney JD, Lovett K. COVID-19 Health Education Activities: An Analysis of a National Sample of Certified Health Educations Specialists (CHES ®/MCHES ®) in Response to the Global Pandemic. Health Promot Pract 2023:15248399231184447. [PMID: 37466076 PMCID: PMC10357328 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231184447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The National Commission of Health Education Credentialing, Inc. (NCHEC) created the Category 1 COVID-19 Claim Form Opportunity to document how Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES®) and Master Certified Health Education Specialists (MCHES®) assisted communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data submitted by CHES®/MCHES® (n = 3,098 claim forms), the purpose of this study was to (a) describe the settings where CHES® and MCHES® completed their pandemic work and (b) assess differences in the type of pandemic work completed by CHES® compared with MCHES® based on specific Areas of Responsibility (AOR) for Health Education Specialists. Findings showed that CHES® and MCHES® engaged in seven AOR during the pandemic, with the largest proportion of CHES® (n = 859; 33%) and MCHES® (n = 105; 21.9%, documenting COVID-19-related activities in health departments. CHES® reported higher engagement than MCHES® in activities such as COVID-19 reporting/tracking, χ2 (1, N = 3,098) = 27.3, p < .001; outbreak response, χ2 (1, N = 3,098) = 4.3, p = .039; and vaccination, χ2 (1, N = 3,098) = 5.2, p = .023. Conversely, MCHES® reported higher participation than CHES® in screening/testing, χ2 (1, N = 3,098) = 174.2, p < .001; administration of budgets/operations, χ2 (1, N = 3,098) = 30.1, p < .001; and adapting educational activities at college/universities, χ2 (1, N = 3,098) = 46.1, p < .001. CHES® were more likely than MCHES® to indicate working in all AOR except for Area 2-Plan Health Education/Promotion. Results support that employer-verified health education skills in all AOR were transferable during COVID-19, especially for CHES® employed within state/county health departments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa Opp
- National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Whitehall, PA, USA
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Penn CA. School-Based Hemorrhage Control Training. J Sch Nurs 2023:10598405231187098. [PMID: 37424332 DOI: 10.1177/10598405231187098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The number one cause of preventable death in trauma is uncontrolled bleeding. Considering the burden of injury and fatality from motor vehicle collisions, accidental injury, and now increasing school shooting incidents, more should be done to prepare and protect students from this preventable cause of death. A school-based hemorrhage control training program is one approach to improve survivability, school preparedness, injury prevention strategies, and to increase access to this life-saving training. As advocates and health educators, school nurses can play an important role in developing strategies to coordinate and implement hemorrhage control training curricula giving our youth the greatest chance for survival. To maximize the impact of school-based hemorrhage control training this project aims to understand student and faculty perceptions to help direct and inform future implementation and dissemination of hemorrhage control training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Penn
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Bacci JL, Shah PD, Arnold J, Atkins DL, Weiner BJ. Readying Community Pharmacies to Participate in COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e424. [PMID: 37381676 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Washington State established a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and operational plan in 2012 to coordinate pharmacy infrastructure and workforce during a public health emergency. The objectives of this study were to adapt the MOU operational plan to the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and assess community pharmacies' organizational readiness to implement COVID-19 testing and vaccination. METHODS This mixed methods study was conducted June-August 2020. Three facilitated discussions were conducted with community pharmacists and local health jurisdiction (LHJ) representatives to test the MOU operational plan. Facilitated discussions were thematically analyzed to inform adaptations to the operational plan. Pharmacists were surveyed to assess their organization's readiness for COVID-19 testing and vaccination before and after the facilitated discussions using the Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC) measure. Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Six pharmacists from 5 community pharmacy organizations and 4 representatives from 2 LHJs participated in at least 1 facilitated discussion. Facilitated discussions resulted in 3 themes and 16 adaptations to the operational plan. Five of 6 community pharmacists (83% response rate) completed both surveys. Mean organizational readiness decreased from baseline to follow-up for COVID-19 testing and vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Operational plan adaptations highlight opportunities to strengthen MOUs between local and state health departments and community pharmacies to support future emergency preparedness and readiness efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bacci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Parth D Shah
- Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jenny Arnold
- Washington State Pharmacy Association, Renton, Washington, USA
| | - Dana L Atkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bryan J Weiner
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Washington, USA
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Tan YT, Braund C, Carney KP, Gill N, Goldberg B, Hartford EA, Johnson BK, Keilman A, Stone K, Yoshida H, Liu DR. Strategic Surge Responses in the COVID-19 era: Operational Themes, Innovative Solutions and Lessons Learned by Three Freestanding Pediatric Emergency Departments. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e423. [PMID: 37381670 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The prolonged COVID-19 pandemic has created unique and complex challenges in operational and capacity planning for pediatric emergency departments, as initial low pediatric patient volumes gave way to unpredictable patient surges during Delta and Omicron variants. Compounded by widespread hospital supply chain issues, staffing shortages due to infection and attrition, and a concurrent pediatric mental health crisis, the surges have pushed pediatric emergency department leaders to re-examine traditionally defined clinical processes, and adopt innovative operational strategies. This study describes the strategic surge response and lessons learned by 3 major freestanding academic pediatric emergency departments in the western United States to help inform current and future pediatric pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtian Tina Tan
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cortney Braund
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kevin P Carney
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Natasha Gill
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bradley Goldberg
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily A Hartford
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Ashley Keilman
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kimberly Stone
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hiromi Yoshida
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deborah R Liu
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Piccolo AJL, Chan J, Cohen GM, Mgbako O, Pitts RA, Postelnicu R, Wallach A, Mukherjee V. Critical Elements of an Mpox Vaccination Model at the Largest Public Health Hospital System in the United States. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1138. [PMID: 37514954 PMCID: PMC10385008 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the spring of 2022, mpox spread to non-endemic countries, including the United States. In New York City (NYC), vaccine demand grew as quickly as case counts. With the leadership of the Regional Emerging Special Pathogens Treatment Center (RESPTC) at NYC Health and Hospitals/Bellevue (NYC H+H)-part of the largest public hospital system in the United States-an innovative vaccination model was established that overcame challenges involving health inequities, inadequate access, and lack of vaccine uptake, to successfully administer JYNNEOS vaccines to over 12,000 patients. Transmission has slowed since its peak in August 2022, which has been attributed to successful vaccination campaigns, infection-induced immunity, and behavioral changes among those at highest risk; however, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assessment released on 4 April 2023 suggests jurisdictions with low vaccination levels (<35%) remain at risk for an mpox resurgence. Here, we summarize the critical aspects of our mpox vaccination model in NYC, which include integration into routine clinical care, prioritization of health equity, and reutilization of COVID-19 vaccination systems, to provide valuable insights for healthcare institutions as we move into the next stage of this ongoing outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Lo Piccolo
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYC Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H)/Bellevue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Justin Chan
- NYC Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H)/Bellevue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gabriel M Cohen
- NYC Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H)/Bellevue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ofole Mgbako
- NYC Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H)/Bellevue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robert A Pitts
- NYC Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H)/Bellevue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Radu Postelnicu
- NYC Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H)/Bellevue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Andrew Wallach
- NYC Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H)/Bellevue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vikramjit Mukherjee
- NYC Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H)/Bellevue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Weber MC, Pavlacic JM, Torres VA, Ho LY, Buchanan EM, Schulenberg SE. Collective Efficacy and Perceived COVID-19 Severity Predict Preparedness and Response Behaviors: A Longitudinal Study of Intersectionally Vulnerable University Students. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e405. [PMID: 37283128 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To promote equity for intersectionally disaster-vulnerable individuals and address three literature gaps: (1) incremental effects of collective and self-efficacy as preparedness predictors, (2) differentiation of fear and perceived severity of a disaster, and (3) clarification of the relationship between fear and preparedness. METHODS Due to infection risks associated with communal housing, early in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, many universities permitted students to remain in campus housing only if they were housing insecure, including many international students. We surveyed intersectionally-vulnerable students and their partners at a southeast US university, N = 54, who were international (77.8%), Asian (55.6%), and/or housing insecure at baseline (79.6%). In 14 waves from May-October 2020, we assessed pandemic preparedness/response behaviors (PPRBs) and potential PPRB predictors. RESULTS We examined within- and between-person effects of fear, perceived severity, collective efficacy, and self-efficacy on PPRBs. Within-person perceived severity and collective efficacy both significantly, positively predicted greater PPRBs. All effects of fear and self-efficacy were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Perceived severity and confidence that one's actions positively impact one's community fluctuated throughout the pandemic and are linked to greater PPRB engagement. Public health messages and interventions to improve PPRB may benefit from emphasizing collective efficacy and accuracy over fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela C Weber
- South Central Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Health Care System, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Psychiatric Research Institute, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Pavlacic
- The Clinical-Disaster Research Center, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Victoria A Torres
- Warriors Research Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Lavina Y Ho
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erin M Buchanan
- Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Stefan E Schulenberg
- The Clinical-Disaster Research Center, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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Haworth-Brockman M, Betker C, Keynan Y. Saying it out loud: explicit equity prompts for public health organization resilience. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1110300. [PMID: 37304086 PMCID: PMC10251661 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic there were numerous stories of health equity work being put "on hold" as public health staff were deployed to the many urgent tasks of responding to the emergency. Losing track of health equity work is not new and relates in part to the need to transfer tacit knowledge to explicit articulation of an organization's commitment to health equity, by encoding the commitment and making it visible and sustainable in policy documents, protocols and processes. Methods We adopted a Theory of Change framework to develop training for public health personnel to articulate where and how health equity is or can be embedded in their emergency preparedness processes and documents. Results Over four sessions, participants reviewed how well their understanding of disadvantaged populations were represented in emergency preparedness, response and mitigation protocols. Using equity prompts, participants developed a heat map depicting where more work was needed to explicitly involve community partners in a sustained manner. Participants were challenged at times by questions of scope and authority, but it became clear that the explicit health equity prompts facilitated conversations that moved beyond the idea of health equity to something that could be codified and later measured. Over four sessions, participants reviewed how well their understanding of disadvantaged populations were represented in emergency preparedness, response and mitigation protocols. Using equity prompts, participants developed a heat map depicting where more work was needed to explicitly involve community partners in a sustained manner. Participants were challenged at times by questions of scope and authority, but it became clear that the explicit health equity prompts facilitated conversations that moved beyond the idea of health equity to something that could be codified and later measured. Discussion Using the indicators and prompts enabled the leadership and staff to articulate what they do and do not know about their community partners, including how to sustain their involvement, and where there was need for action. Saying out loud where there is - and is not - sustained commitment to achieving health equity can help public health organizations move from theory to true preparedness and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Haworth-Brockman
- National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Claire Betker
- National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Yoav Keynan
- National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Cibulsky SM, Wille T, Funk R, Sokolowski D, Gagnon C, Lafontaine M, Brevett C, Jabbour R, Cox J, Russell DR, Jett DA, Thomas JD, Nelson LS. Public health and medical preparedness for mass casualties from the deliberate release of synthetic opioids. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1158479. [PMID: 37250077 PMCID: PMC10213671 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1158479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The large amounts of opioids and the emergence of increasingly potent illicitly manufactured synthetic opioids circulating in the unregulated drug supply in North America and Europe are fueling not only the ongoing public health crisis of overdose deaths but also raise the risk of another type of disaster: deliberate opioid release with the intention to cause mass harm. Synthetic opioids are highly potent, rapidly acting, can cause fatal ventilatory depression, are widely available, and have the potential to be disseminated for mass exposure, for example, if effectively formulated, via inhalation or ingestion. As in many other chemical incidents, the health consequences of a deliberate release of synthetic opioid would manifest quickly, within minutes. Such an incident is unlikely, but the consequences could be grave. Awareness of the risk of this type of incident and preparedness to respond are required to save lives and reduce illness. Coordinated planning across the entire local community emergency response system is also critical. The ability to rapidly recognize the opioid toxidrome, education on personal protective actions, and training in medical management of individuals experiencing an opioid overdose are key components of preparedness for an opioid mass casualty incident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Cibulsky
- Chemical Events Working Group of the Global Health Security Initiative, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, US Department of Health and Human Services, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Timo Wille
- Chemical Events Working Group of the Global Health Security Initiative, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
- Bundeswehr Medical Academy, Munich, Germany
| | - Renée Funk
- Chemical Events Working Group of the Global Health Security Initiative, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Danny Sokolowski
- Chemical Events Working Group of the Global Health Security Initiative, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Chemical Emergency Management and Toxicovigilance Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Gagnon
- Chemical Events Working Group of the Global Health Security Initiative, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Marc Lafontaine
- Chemical Events Working Group of the Global Health Security Initiative, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Chemical Emergency Management and Toxicovigilance Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Brevett
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rabih Jabbour
- Chemical Security Analysis Center, US Department of Homeland Security, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | - Jessica Cox
- Chemical Security Analysis Center, US Department of Homeland Security, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | - David R. Russell
- Chemical Events Working Group of the Global Health Security Initiative, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Chemicals and Environmental Hazards Directorate (Wales), UK Health Security Agency, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Jett
- Chemical Events Working Group of the Global Health Security Initiative, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jerry D. Thomas
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lewis S. Nelson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
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Siddiqui SS, Rao NS, Saran S, Agrawal A. Disaster Classification: An Unmet Need for a Pragmatic Medical Classification After COVID-19. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e389. [PMID: 37160402 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Sarwar Siddiqui
- King George's Medical University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Critical Care Medicine, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Namrata S Rao
- Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Nephrology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sai Saran
- King George's Medical University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Critical Care Medicine, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Agrawal
- King George's Medical University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Critical Care Medicine, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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40
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Budnik EM, Hashikawa AN, Cator A, Bradin S, Mangus CW. Disaster and Emergency Preparedness and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Child Care Programs in Michigan: A Mixed-Methods Analysis. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e377. [PMID: 37057683 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, the child care industry has been unprepared for emergencies. A previous study identified gaps in Michigan's child care programs' emergency plans. Study objectives were to reassess programs' preparedness plans after introduction of state-mandated emergency plans and to examine the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on programs' operations. METHODS A 29-question survey was sent to ∼500 child care programs across Michigan in 2020 to assess emergency plans and response to COVID-19. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative methods. RESULTS A total of 346 programs (70%) responded. Most (92%) reported having a written plan, but one-third reported having no infectious outbreak plan pre-pandemic. One-third of programs lacked plans for special needs children (vs 40% in 2014); 62% lacked plans for child reunification (vs 60% in 2014); 46% reported staff received no preparedness training. COVID-19 impacted programs substantially: 59% closed, 20% decreased capacity, 27% changed disinfecting protocols. Several themes related to the pandemic's effect on programs were identified: (1) changes in learning, (2) changes in socialization, (3) increased family burden, (4) financial challenges, (5) lack of guidance. CONCLUSIONS Significant preparedness gaps remain among Michigan's child care programs, suggesting the need for increased support and addition of emergency preparedness to programs' quality ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Budnik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Emergency Services, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew N Hashikawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Emergency Services, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison Cator
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Emergency Services, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stuart Bradin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Emergency Services, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Courtney W Mangus
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Emergency Services, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Walensky RP. Gratitude for Public Health: COVID-19 and Beyond. Public Health Rep 2023:333549231169956. [PMID: 37021612 PMCID: PMC10083705 DOI: 10.1177/00333549231169956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle P Walensky
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA
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42
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SHARFSTEIN JOSHUAM, LURIE NICOLE. Public Health Emergency Preparedness After COVID-19. Milbank Q 2023; 101:653-673. [PMID: 37096605 PMCID: PMC10126985 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Policy Points The critical task of preparedness is inseparable from the regular work of advancing population health and health equity.
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Rahman GR, Jasani GN, Liang SY. Terrorist Attacks against Sports Venues: Emerging Trends and Characteristics Spanning 50 Years. Prehosp Disaster Med 2023;:1-5. [PMID: 36938664 DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X23000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sports venues foster community and support local economies. Due to their capacity to host hundreds to thousands of spectators, sports venues are vulnerable to becoming targets of terrorism. Types of venues targeted, regional trends, and methods of attack employed world-wide have not been well-described. METHODS A search of the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was conducted from 1970 through the end of 2019. Pre-coded variables for target type "business" and target subtype "entertainment/cultural/stadium/casino" were used to identify attacks involving venues where sports events might be viewed by spectators as part of an audience. Sports venues were specifically identified using the search terms "sport," "stadium," "arena," and "ring," as well as mention of any specific sport. Two authors then manually reviewed each entry for specific information to confirm appropriateness for inclusion, selecting preferentially for attacks against venues where watching a sports event was the primary focus for the majority of the attendees. Descriptive statistics were performed using R (3.6.1). RESULTS Seventy-four (74) terrorist attacks targeting sports venues were identified from January 1, 1970 through December 31, 2019. Thirty-three (33) attacks, or 44.6% of attacks, involved soccer stadiums or soccer venues, while 33.8% of attacks (25 attacks) involved unspecified sports venues. A bombing or explosion was the most frequent method of attack employed, comprising 87.8% of attacks. The highest number of attacks occurred in the Middle East & North Africa. In total, 213 persons died and 699 more were wounded in attacks against sports venues. CONCLUSION Although terrorist attacks against sports venues are uncommon, they carry the risk of mass casualties, especially when explosives are used. A greater understanding of the threat posed by terrorist attacks against sports venues can aid emergency preparedness planning and future medical responses.
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Rowh M, Rowh A, Lambert S, Nickerson H, Webb C. Drive-Through Mass Vaccination Center Operations in a Rural, Medically Underserved Area Using Military Civilian Partnership During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e354. [PMID: 36924184 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, mass vaccination centers became an essential element of the public health response. This drive-through mass vaccination operation was conducted in a rural, medically underserved area of the United States, employing a civilian-military partnership. Operations were conducted without traditional electronic medical record systems or Internet at the point of vaccination. Nevertheless, the mass vaccination center (MVC) achieved throughput of 500 vaccinations per hour (7200 vaccinations in 2 days), which is comparable with the performance of other models in more ideal conditions. Here, the study describes the minimum necessary resources and operational practicalities in detail required to implement a successful mass vaccination event. This has significant implications for the generalizability of our model to other rural, underserved, and international settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rowh
- CSU Health and Medical, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
- Oregon Air National Guard, 142d MDG Detachment 1/CERFP, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Adam Rowh
- Oregon Air National Guard, 142d MDG Detachment 1/CERFP, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Steven Lambert
- Jackson County Emergency Management, Jackson County, OR, USA
| | | | - Christopher Webb
- Oregon Air National Guard, 142d MDG Detachment 1/CERFP, Portland, OR, USA
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45
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McNeil C, Divi N, Smolinski MS. Looking Ahead in the Rearview Mirror: During Action Review and Tabletop (DART) to Strengthen Health Emergency Readiness and Resiliency. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e355. [PMID: 36918368 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
During health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, systematic evaluation of capabilities, and multisector coordination are challenging while operating in triage mode. During Action Review and Tabletop (DART) identifies recommendations for strengthening readiness and resiliency by creating a single methodology integrating retrospective analysis of the response to date with a prospective analysis of future scenarios. DART utilizes a role-based questionnaire and participant-led discussion for retrospective response review and identification of future scenarios of concern. Tabletop exercises exploring those future scenarios are conducted in a multi-role format to assess readiness and resiliency. Participants evaluate findings to determine recommended actions to improve response capabilities. 3 COVID-19 focused DARTs demonstrated the ability of this participant-led approach to systematically assess, not only readiness for today, but also resiliency to future complications. While demonstrating its usefulness during COVID-19, DART's flexible and modular design promises to be an effective for any ongoing health emergency.
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46
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Hsiao LL, Shah KM, Liew A, Abdellatif D, Balducci A, Haris Á, Kumaraswami LA, Liakopoulos V, Lui SF, Ulasi I, Langham RG. Kidney health for all: preparedness for the unexpected in supporting the vulnerable. Kidney Int 2023; 103:436-443. [PMID: 36822747 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
As the rate of natural disasters and other devastating events caused by human activities increases, the burden on the health and well-being of those affected by kidney disease has been immeasurable. Health system preparedness, which involves creating a resilient system that is able to deal with the health needs of the entire community during times of unexpected disruptions to usual care, has become globally important. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a heightened awareness of the amplification of negative effects on the renal community. Paradoxically, the complex medical needs of those who have kidney diseases are not met by systems handling crises, often compounded by an acute increase in burden via new patients as a result of the crisis itself. Disruptions in kidney care as a result of unexpected events are becoming more prevalent and likely to increase in the years to come. It is therefore only appropriate that the theme for this year's World Kidney Day will focus on Kidney Health for All: preparedness for the unexpected in supporting the vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Hsiao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Kavya M Shah
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrian Liew
- Department of Renal Medicine, Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, Singapore
| | - Dina Abdellatif
- Department of Nephrology, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ágnes Haris
- Nephrology Department, Péterfy Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Latha A Kumaraswami
- Tamilnad Kidney Research (TANKER) Foundation, The International Federation of Kidney Foundations-World Kidney Alliance (IFKF-WKA), Chennai, India
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Siu-Fai Lui
- International Federation of Kidney Foundations-World Kidney Alliance, Hong Kong, China; The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ifeoma Ulasi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria/University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Robyn G Langham
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kerr D, Haider S, Hancher-Rauch H, Blavos A, Brookins-Fisher J, Thompson A, Glunz C. Health Education Specialists: Professional Practice During a Pandemic. Health Promot Pract 2023; 24:340-349. [PMID: 34818930 DOI: 10.1177/15248399211056631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Authors conducted survey research on Health Education Specialists' (HES) involvement in the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (n = 1,837) completed questions on COVID-19 work and job responsibilities, use of the NCHEC Areas of Responsibility and Competencies in addressing the pandemic, education and training, work with populations at risk, and volunteer work related to COVID-19. The majority of respondents reported some work, either professional or personal associated with the pandemic, and the majority felt prepared to do this work, although it caused additional work responsibilities with no additional pay. Many had to work from home during the pandemic, using technology to accomplish their tasks. Most reported conducting education and prevention and designing and implementing communication strategies regarding the pandemic. Those with MCHES® certification were more likely to use the HESPA-II 2020 competencies in their work and more likely to perform listed COVID-19 activities, with the exception of contact tracing and direct care to COVID-19 patients, which were more likely conducted by CHES® certified HES. Results of this study show the significant level of involvement of HES in the COVID-19 pandemic in a variety of roles and capacities, despite a challenging political landscape during the time the survey was administered. Many HES reported volunteer work in addition to their paid work, including donating money, distributing food, or making masks. Finally, HES welcomed more training on COVID-19 and use of technology. Results of the study may be used to document the roles of HES during the COVID-19 pandemic and to make recommendations for future emergency preparedness efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salma Haider
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Carly Glunz
- Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
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Festa N, Heaphy NM, Throgmorton KF, Canavan M, Gill TM. Evaluating California nursing homes' emergency preparedness for wildfire exposure. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:895-902. [PMID: 36541045 PMCID: PMC10023274 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the risk of exposure to environmental hazards and the emergency preparedness of nursing homes is not well-understood. This study evaluates the association between wildfire exposure risk and nursing home emergency preparedness. METHODS From a sample of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) certified nursing homes in California, we determined the prevalence of "exposed" facilities that were located within 5 km of a wildfire risk area, as informed by a field-tested model. Among the 1182 nursing homes, we identified emergency preparedness deficiencies from January 2017 to December 2019. We estimated associations between exposure and emergency preparedness deficiencies using unadjusted and adjusted generalized estimating equations with logistic and negative binomial distributions. RESULTS A greater percentage of the 495 exposed facilities had at least one emergency preparedness deficiency than the 687 unexposed facilities (83.9% vs 76.9%). The mean (3.6 vs 3.2) and median (3 vs 2) numbers of emergency preparedness deficiencies were also greater for exposed facilities. In both the unadjusted and adjusted analyses, exposure to wildfire risk was significantly associated with the likelihood of at least one emergency preparedness deficiency (adjusted odds ratio 1.52, p-value 0.007). There was a positive but not statistically significant association between exposure and the number of emergency preparedness deficiencies assigned to a nursing home (adjusted rate ratio 1.12, p-value 0.062). These results were consistent in analyses that used more stringent distance- and severity-thresholds to define exposure status. CONCLUSION California nursing homes at heightened risk of exposure to wildfires have poorer emergency preparedness than unexposed facilities. These findings suggest that nursing home management and staff may be unaware of important environmental risks to which their facilities are exposed. Improved integration of nursing homes into community disaster planning may better align facility preparedness with surrounding wildfire risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Festa
- VA Office of Academic Affiliations through the VA/National Clinician Scholars Program and Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Outcomes and Public Policy and Effectiveness Research (COPPER), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nora M. Heaphy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kaitlin Fender Throgmorton
- Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maureen Canavan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Outcomes and Public Policy and Effectiveness Research (COPPER), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas M. Gill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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O'Connor E, O'Riordan M, Morrissey MC, Dever N, O'Mahony C, Romanowski S, Boland M. A methodological approach to intra-action reviews - application and adaptation of existing global guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic response in Ireland, 2021. Euro Surveill 2023; 28. [PMID: 36995372 PMCID: PMC10064645 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.13.2200475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Many countries were under-prepared for the arrival of an emergency such as the COVID-19 pandemic. An intra-action review allows countries, systems and services to reflect on their preparedness and response to date, and revise their policies and approaches as needed. We describe the approach to undertaking an intra-action review of Ireland's Health Protection COVID-19 response during 2021. A project team within National Health Protection developed a project plan, identified key stakeholders, trained facilitators and designed workshop programmes, employing integrated collaborative web tools. Multidisciplinary representatives participated in three half-day, independently facilitated workshops on challenges and solutions within specific response areas: communication, governance and cross-cutting themes such as staff well-being. An all-stakeholder survey sought further in-depth detail. Participants reviewed the ongoing pandemic response in terms of good practice and challenges and recommended implementable solutions. We customised our mixed-methods approach using existing ECDC/WHO guidance, producing consensus recommendations during Ireland's fourth wave of COVID-19, with particular focus on pathways to implementation. Our adaptations may help others in formulating and customising methodological approaches. During an emergency, identifying and reflecting on good practices to retain, and areas for strengthening, with a clear action plan of implementing recommendations, will enhance preparedness now, and for future emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan O'Connor
- Specialist Registrar Training Programme, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary O'Riordan
- National Health Protection Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary C Morrissey
- National Health Intelligence Unit, Research and Evidence, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Dever
- National Health Protection Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
- Specialist Registrar Training Programme, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliodhna O'Mahony
- National Health Protection Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shem Romanowski
- National Health Protection Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Máirín Boland
- Public Health and Primary Care Dept, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- National Health Protection Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
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50
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Sickora C, Sickora KR, Smith JK, Cerecero J, Farner C, Abebe B. Covid 19: A community based nursing disaster response. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:266-272. [PMID: 36510671 PMCID: PMC9877679 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nursing has been criticized for inconsistent and episodic attention to disaster response training in academic settings. The work described herein demonstrates that nursing was not only prepared for the COVID-19 pandemic but was able to mobilize and lead a large-scale response that benefited a university community and the larger surrounding communities and neighborhoods paying particular attention to marginalized populations. For healthcare providers outside of hospitals, it was clear that disaster response methods would need to be implemented. The authors demonstrate that nursing established an on-the-ground response in collaboration with other University officials and departments. Initially established for the University community, the response was moved into surrounding neighborhoods vaccinating the city's most vulnerable. The nurse led effort answered more than 25,000 Hotline telephone calls, collected more than 30,000 COVID-19 molecular tests, and administered more than 150,000 COVID-19 vaccines in an operation that served up to 2500 people a day for 5 months. Nurses saved thousands of lives at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in hospitals and in community-based settings. The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio School of Nursing demonstrated the nimble nature of academic nursing and outlines a large-scale community response to an international pandemic in the seventh-largest United States city. The authors establish guidelines for nurses and others to follow for future events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Sickora
- Vice Dean of Practice & Engagement, School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Kathryn Rose Sickora
- MS 4, University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jane Kelly Smith
- Community Engagement, School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jennifer Cerecero
- Executive Director Environmental Health and Safety, University Of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Executive Director Environmental Health & Safety, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Cheryl Farner
- Clinical Trials Team- Infectious Disease, Long School of Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Betelihem Abebe
- Occupational Health Nurse, School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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