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Castillo H, Hanna P, Sachs LM, Buisine N, Godoy F, Gilbert C, Aguilera F, Muñoz D, Boisvert C, Debiais-Thibaud M, Wan J, Spicuglia S, Marcellini S. Xenopus tropicalis osteoblast-specific open chromatin regions reveal promoters and enhancers involved in human skeletal phenotypes and shed light on early vertebrate evolution. Cells Dev 2024:203924. [PMID: 38692409 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
While understanding the genetic underpinnings of osteogenesis has far-reaching implications for skeletal diseases and evolution, a comprehensive characterization of the osteoblastic regulatory landscape in non-mammalian vertebrates is still lacking. Here, we compared the ATAC-Seq profile of Xenopus tropicalis (Xt) osteoblasts to a variety of non mineralizing control tissues, and identified osteoblast-specific nucleosome free regions (NFRs) at 527 promoters and 6747 distal regions. Sequence analyses, Gene Ontology, RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq against four key histone marks confirmed that the distal regions correspond to bona fide osteogenic transcriptional enhancers exhibiting a shared regulatory logic with mammals. We report 425 regulatory regions conserved with human and globally associated to skeletogenic genes. Of these, 35 regions have been shown to impact human skeletal phenotypes by GWAS, including one trps1 enhancer and the runx2 promoter, two genes which are respectively involved in trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I and cleidocranial dysplasia. Intriguingly, 60 osteoblastic NFRs also align to the genome of the elephant shark, a species lacking osteoblasts and bone tissue. To tackle this paradox, we chose to focus on dlx5 because its conserved promoter, known to integrate regulatory inputs during mammalian osteogenesis, harbours an osteoblast-specific NFR in both frog and human. Hence, we show that dlx5 is expressed in Xt and elephant shark odontoblasts, supporting a common cellular and genetic origin of bone and dentine. Taken together, our work (i) unravels the Xt osteogenic regulatory landscape, (ii) illustrates how cross-species comparisons harvest data relevant to human biology and (iii) reveals that a set of genes including bnc2, dlx5, ebf3, mir199a, nfia, runx2 and zfhx4 drove the development of a primitive form of mineralized skeletal tissue deep in the vertebrate lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Castillo
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile.
| | - Patricia Hanna
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Laurent M Sachs
- UMR7221, Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, CNRS, MNHN, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- UMR7221, Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, CNRS, MNHN, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Francisco Godoy
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Clément Gilbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 12 route 128, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Felipe Aguilera
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - David Muñoz
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Catherine Boisvert
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mélanie Debiais-Thibaud
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jing Wan
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, UMR 1090, Marseille, France; Equipe Labelisée LIGUE contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Salvatore Spicuglia
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, UMR 1090, Marseille, France; Equipe Labelisée LIGUE contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Chile.
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2
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Lv L, Guo W, Guan W, Chen Y, Huang R, Yuan Z, Pu Q, Feng S, Zheng X, Li Y, Xiao L, Zhao H, Qi X, Cai D. Echocardiographic assessment of Xenopus tropicalis heart regeneration. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:29. [PMID: 36782288 PMCID: PMC9926761 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it was reported that the adult X. tropicalis heart can regenerate in a nearly scar-free manner after injury via apical resection. Thus, a cardiac regeneration model in adult X. tropicalis provides a powerful tool for recapitulating a perfect regeneration phenomenon, elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiac regeneration in an adult heart, and developing an interventional strategy for the improvement in the regeneration of an adult heart, which may be more applicable in mammals than in species with a lower degree of evolution. However, a noninvasive and rapid real-time method that can observe and measure the long-term dynamic change in the regenerated heart in living organisms to monitor and assess the regeneration and repair status in this model has not yet been established. RESULTS In the present study, the methodology of echocardiographic assessment to characterize the morphology, anatomic structure and cardiac function of injured X. tropicalis hearts established by apex resection was established. The findings of this study demonstrated for the first time that small animal echocardiographic analysis can be used to assess the regeneration of X. tropicalis damaged heart in a scar-free perfect regeneration or nonperfect regeneration with adhesion manner via recovery of morphology and cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS Small animal echocardiography is a reliable, noninvasive and rapid real-time method for observing and assessing the long-term dynamic changes in the regeneration of injured X. tropicalis hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luocheng Lv
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Weimin Guo
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Wei Guan
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yilin Chen
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Ruijin Huang
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Anatomy, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ziqiang Yuan
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson of Medical School, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Qin Pu
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Anatomy, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shanshan Feng
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Xin Zheng
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Yanmei Li
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Luanjuan Xiao
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Stem Cell and Regeneration TRP, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xufeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China. .,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Dongqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China. .,Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Johanson Z, Liston J, Davesne D, Challands T, Meredith Smith M. Mechanisms of dermal bone repair after predatory attack in the giant stem-group teleost Leedsichthys problematicus Woodward, 1889a (Pachycormiformes). J Anat 2022; 241:393-406. [PMID: 35588137 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leedsichthys problematicus is a suspension-feeding member of the Mesozoic clade Pachycormiformes (stem-group Teleostei), and the largest known ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii). As in some larger fish, the skeleton is poorly ossified, but the caudal fin (tail) is well-preserved. Bony calluses have been found here, on the dermal fin rays, and when sectioned, show evidence of bone repair in response to damage. As part of this repair, distinctive tissue changes are observed, including the deposition of woven bone onto broken bone fragments and the surface of the lepidotrichium, after resorption of the edges of these fragments and the lepidotrichial surface itself. Within the woven bone are many clear elongate spaces, consistent with their interpretation as bundles of unmineralized collagen (Sharpey's fibres). These normally provide attachment within dermal bones, and here attach new bone to old, particularly to resorbed surfaces, identified by scalloped reversal lines. Haversian systems are retained in the old bone, from which vasculature initially invaded the callus, hence bringing stem cells committed to forming bone onto the surfaces of the damaged area. These observations provide strong evidence of a vital response through survival of a predatory attack by a large marine reptile, coeval with Leedsichthys in the Jurassic seas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff Liston
- Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology, Drumheller, Canada.,Fachruppe Paläoumwelt, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Palaeobiology Section, Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Donald Davesne
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Challands
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Moya Meredith Smith
- Natural History Museum, London, UK.,Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
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5
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MacKenzie EM, Atkins JB, Korneisel DE, Cantelon AS, McKinnell IW, Maddin HC. Normal development in Xenopus laevis: A complementary staging table for the skull based on cartilage and bone. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1340-1356. [PMID: 35247013 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenopus laevis is a widely used model organism in the fields of genetics and development, and more recently evolution. At present, the most widely used staging table for X. laevis is based primarily on external features and does not describe the corresponding skull development in detail. Here, we describe skull development in X. laevis, complete with labelled figures, for each relevant stage in the most widely used staging table. RESULTS We find skull development in X. laevis is, for the most part, distinct at each of the previously established stages based on external anatomy. However, variation does exist in the timing of onset of ossification of certain bones in the skull, which results in a range of stages where a skull element first ossifies. The overall sequence of ossification is less variable than the timing of ossification onset. CONCLUSIONS While events in skull development vary somewhat between specimens, and in comparison, to external events, this staging table is useful in showing both when bones first appear and for documenting the range of temporal variance in X. laevis skull development more accurately than previously done. Furthermore, when only skull data is available, the approximate stage of a specimen can now be determined. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M MacKenzie
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jade B Atkins
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana E Korneisel
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alanna S Cantelon
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iain W McKinnell
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hillary C Maddin
- Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Jerez-Morales A, Merino JS, Díaz-Castillo ST, Smith CT, Fuentealba J, Bernasconi H, Echeverría G, García-Cancino A. The Administration of the Synbiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus 6c3 Strain, Inulin and Fructooligosaccharide Decreases the Concentrations of Indoxyl Sulfate and Kidney Damage in a Rat Model. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:192. [PMID: 33800029 PMCID: PMC7999732 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in its cardiovascular complications. One of the approaches proposed to decrease IS is the administration of synbiotics. This work aimed to search for a probiotic strain capable to decrease serum IS levels and mix it with two prebiotics (inulin and fructooligosaccharide (FOS)) to produce a putative synbiotic and test it in a rat CKD model. Two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were nephrectomized. One group (Lac) received the mixture for 16 weeks in drinking water and the other no (Nef). A control group (C) included sham-nephrectomized rats. Serum creatinine and IS concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Optical microscopy and two-photon excitation microscopy was used to study kidney and heart samples. The Lac group, which received the synbiotic, reduced IS by 0.8% while the Nef group increased it by 38.8%. Histological analysis of kidneys showed that the Lac group increased fibrotic areas by 12% and the Nef group did it by 25%. The synbiotic did not reduce cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, the putative synbiotic showed that function reducing IS and the progression of CKD in a rat model, but no heart protection was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Jerez-Morales
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile; (A.J.-M.); (C.T.S.)
- Pasteur Laboratory, Research and Development Department, 4030635 Concepción, Chile; (S.T.D.-C.); (H.B.)
| | - José S. Merino
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agronomy, University of the Americas, 4070254 Concepción, Chile;
| | - Sindy T. Díaz-Castillo
- Pasteur Laboratory, Research and Development Department, 4030635 Concepción, Chile; (S.T.D.-C.); (H.B.)
| | - Carlos T. Smith
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile; (A.J.-M.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile;
| | - Humberto Bernasconi
- Pasteur Laboratory, Research and Development Department, 4030635 Concepción, Chile; (S.T.D.-C.); (H.B.)
| | | | - Apolinaria García-Cancino
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile; (A.J.-M.); (C.T.S.)
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Abstract
Understanding how to promote organ and appendage regeneration is a key goal of regenerative medicine. The frog, Xenopus, can achieve both scar-free healing and tissue regeneration during its larval stages, although it predominantly loses these abilities during metamorphosis and adulthood. This transient regenerative capacity, alongside their close evolutionary relationship with humans, makes Xenopus an attractive model to uncover the mechanisms underlying functional regeneration. Here, we present an overview of Xenopus as a key model organism for regeneration research and highlight how studies of Xenopus have led to new insights into the mechanisms governing regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Phipps
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lindsey Marshall
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Karel Dorey
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Enrique Amaya
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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