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Jensen LE. Pellino Proteins in Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2023; 15:1422. [PMID: 37515108 PMCID: PMC10383966 DOI: 10.3390/v15071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pellino proteins are a family of evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin ligases involved in intracellular signaling in a wide range of cell types. They are essential for microbe detection and the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Some viruses specifically target the Pellino proteins as part of their immune evasion strategies. Through studies of mouse models of viral infections in the central nervous system, heart, lungs, and skin, the Pellino proteins have been linked to both beneficial and detrimental immune responses. Only in recent years have some of the involved mechanisms been identified. The objective of this review is to highlight the many diverse aspects of viral immunity and pathogenesis that the Pellino proteins have been associated with, in order to promote further research into their functions. After a brief introduction to the cellular signaling mechanisms involving Pellino proteins, their physiological roles in the initiation of immune responses, pathogenesis through excess inflammation, immune regulation, and cell death are presented. Known viral immune evasion strategies are also described. Throughout, areas that require more in-depth investigation are identified. Future research into the functions of the Pellino protein family may reveal fundamental insights into how our immune system works. Such knowledge may be leveraged in the fight against viral infections and their sequala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte E Jensen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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2
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Marine Arthropods as a Source of Antimicrobial Peptides. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080501. [PMID: 36005504 PMCID: PMC9409781 DOI: 10.3390/md20080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide therapeutics play a key role in the development of new medical treatments. The traditional focus on endogenous peptides has shifted from first discovering other natural sources of these molecules, to later synthesizing those with unique bioactivities. This review provides concise information concerning antimicrobial peptides derived from marine crustaceans for the development of new therapeutics. Marine arthropods do not have an adaptive immune system, and therefore, they depend on the innate immune system to eliminate pathogens. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with unique characteristics are a pivotal part of the defense systems of these organisms. This review covers topics such as the diversity and distribution of peptides in marine arthropods (crustacea and chelicerata), with a focus on penaeid shrimps. The following aspects are covered: the defense system; classes of AMPs; molecular characteristics of AMPs; AMP synthesis; the role of penaeidins, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors, crustins, and stylicins against microorganisms; and the use of AMPs as therapeutic drugs. This review seeks to provide a useful compilation of the most recent information regarding AMPs from marine crustaceans, and describes the future potential applications of these molecules.
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B HDM, Guru A, Sudhakaran G, Murugan R, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Double‐edged sword role of shrimp miRNA explains an evolutionary language between shrimp‐pathogen interactions that unties the knot of shrimp infection. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2022; 14:578-593. [DOI: 10.1111/raq.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractShrimp production, using a small‐scale enclosed pond system, is a rapidly growing aquaculture sector, which is valued around USD 18.30 billion in 2020. Intensified shrimp culture leads to the outbreak of transmissible diseases to eventually cause a huge loss in the production process and thus the economy. Studies on microRNA (miRNA) reveal that miRNA has an influential role in the host‐pathogen interaction during an infection. Recently, shrimp miRNA has been shown to help pathogen‐like viruses for their replication and infection. Several shrimp miRNAs were reported to be involved in enhancing host immunity against viral infection, especially white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection and Vibrio infection caused by bacterial species, whereas some shrimp miRNAs were reported to be hijacked by WSSV and to enhance the viral replication and establish the infection in shrimp. This gives an insight into the double‐edged sword role played by shrimp miRNA during host‐pathogen interaction. In future, this role could be employed against the virus to strengthen the shrimp culture. In this review, we discuss the role of shrimp miRNA and their mechanism(s) associated with the establishment of host‐pathogen interaction during infection, which will reveal the complexity associated with shrimp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Deva Muthu B
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I‐AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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Zhang E, Li X. The Emerging Roles of Pellino Family in Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:728794. [PMID: 35197966 PMCID: PMC8860249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.728794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pellino family is a novel and well-conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase family and consists of Pellino1, Pellino2, and Pellino3. Each family member exhibits a highly conserved structure providing ubiquitin ligase activity without abrogating cell and structure-specific function. In this review, we mainly summarized the crucial roles of the Pellino family in pattern recognition receptor-related signaling pathways: IL-1R signaling, Toll-like signaling, NOD-like signaling, T-cell and B-cell signaling, and cell death-related TNFR signaling. We also summarized the current information of the Pellino family in tumorigenesis, microRNAs, and other phenotypes. Finally, we discussed the outstanding questions of the Pellino family in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Li,
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Antibacterial Effect of a Short Peptide, VV18, from Calcineurin-A of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Antibiofilm Agent Against Escherichia coli and a Bacterial Membrane Disruptor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Raju SV, Sarkar P, Pasupuleti M, Abbasi AM, Al-Farraj DA, Elshikh MS, Elumalai P, Harikrishnan R, Rahman MA, Arockiaraj J. Antibacterial Activity of RM12, a Tachykinin Derivative, Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Raj S, Venugopal U, Pant G, Kalyan M, Arockiaraj J, Krishnan MY, Pasupuleti M. Anti-mycobacterial activity evaluation of designed peptides: cryptic and database filtering based approach. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4891-4899. [PMID: 34244831 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, TB is one of the deadly airborne diseases, which accounts for 10.4 million deaths annually. Serious toxicity issue, prolonged treatment regimens of the current drugs, rise in multidrug-resistant strains, and the unique defensive mechanism makes the development of novel therapeutic molecules against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) an urgent need. As MT has a lengthy latent phase and unique cell wall architecture, a reasonable approach is needed to find molecules having a different killing mechanism rather than traditional approaches. Host defence peptides (HDPs) will be the most promising alternative, potential therapeutic candidates as they target the microbial membrane in particular and are an essential part of the innate immunity of humans. This works demonstrates the utility of "Database filtering" and three-dimensional (3D) modelling approach in finding novel AMPs with appreciable activity towards MT. Results of this study indicate that peptides with 70% hydrophobicity, but without hydrophobicity patches (> 4 hydrophobic amino acids in series) and charge of + 4 or + 5 are most likely to be good anti-tubercular candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Raj
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Umamageswaran Venugopal
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Garima Pant
- Electron Microscopy Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mitra Kalyan
- Electron Microscopy Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Manju Y Krishnan
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
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Raju SV, Sarkar P, Pasupuleti M, Saraswathi NT, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Esmail GA, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Pharmacological importance of TG12 from tachykinin and its toxicological behavior against multidrug-resistant bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 245:108974. [PMID: 33465517 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.108974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Development of antimicrobial drugs against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is a great focus in recent years. TG12, a short peptide molecule used in this study was screened from tachykinin (Tac) protein of an established teleost Channa striatus (Cs) transcriptome. Tachykinin cDNA has 345 coding sequence, that denotes a protein contained 115 amino acids; in which a short peptide (TG12) was identified at 83-94. Tachykinin mRNA upregulated in C. striatus treated with Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The mRNA up-regulation was studied using real-time PCR. The up-regulation tachykinin mRNA pattern confirmed the immune involvement of tachykinin in C. striatus during infection. Further, the identified peptide, TG12 was synthesized and its toxicity was demonstrated in hemolytic and cytotoxic assays using human erythrocytes and human dermal fibroblast cells, respectively. The toxicity study exhibited that the toxicity of TG12 was similar to negative control, phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Moreover, the antibiogram of TG12 was active against Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 27736, a major MDR bacterial pathogen. Further, the antimicrobial activity of TG12 against pathogenic bacteria was screened using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and anti-biofilm assays, altogether TG12 showed potential activity against K. pneumonia. Fluorescence assisted cell sorter flow cytometer analysis (FACS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was carried on TG12 with K. pneumonia; the results showed that TG12 significantly reduced K. pneumonia viability as well as TG12 disrupt its membrane. In conclusion, TG12 of CsTac is potentially involved in the antibacterial immune mechanisms, which has a prospectus efficiency in pharma industry against MDR strains, especially K. pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefi V Raju
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Purabi Sarkar
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N T Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal Ali Esmail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sarkar P, Issac PK, Raju SV, Elumalai P, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Pathogenic bacterial toxins and virulence influences in cultivable fish. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 52:2361-2376. [DOI: 10.1111/are.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Purabi Sarkar
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Stefi V. Raju
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- Department of Fish Processing Technology Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) Kochi India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I‐AQUAS) Universiti Putra Malaysia Negeri Sembilan Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
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Huang Y, Ren Q. Innate immune responses against viral pathogens in Macrobrachium. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:103966. [PMID: 33338519 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Some members of genus Macrobrachium are important economically prawns and valuable objects for studying the innate immune defense mechanism of crustaceans. Studies have focused on immune responses against bacterial and fungal infections and have expanded to include antiviral immunity over the past two decades. Similar to all living organisms, prawns are exposed to viruses, including white spot syndrome virus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus, and Decapod iridescent virus 1 and develop effective defense mechanisms. Here, we review current understanding of the antiviral host defense in two species of Macrobrachium. The main antiviral defense of Macrobrachium is the activation of intracellular signaling cascades, leading to the activation of cellular responses (apoptosis) and humoral responses (immune-related signaling pathways, antimicrobial and antiviral peptides, lectins, and prophenoloxidase-activating system).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Qian Ren
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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Guru A, Lite C, Freddy AJ, Issac PK, Pasupuleti M, Saraswathi NT, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Intracellular ROS scavenging and antioxidant regulation of WL15 from cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 demonstrated in zebrafish in vivo model. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103863. [PMID: 32918928 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant peptides are naturally present in food, especially in fishes, and are considered to contain rich source of various bioactive compounds that are structurally heterogeneous. This study aims to identify and characterize the antioxidant property of the WL15 peptide, derived from Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2) identified from the transcriptome of a freshwater food fish, Channa striatus. C. striatus is already studied to contain high levels of amino acids and fatty acids, besides traditionally known for its pharmacological benefits in the Southeast Asian region. In our study, in vitro analysis of WL15 peptide exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay. Further, to evaluate the cytotoxicity and dose-response, the Human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells were used. Results showed that the treatment of HDF cells with varying concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μM) of WL15 peptide was not cytotoxic. However, the treatment concentrations showed enhanced antioxidant properties by significantly inhibiting the levels of free radicals. For in vivo assessment, we have used zebrafish larvae for evaluating the developmental toxicity and for determining the antioxidant property of the WL15 peptide. Zebrafish embryos were treated with the WL15 peptide from 4 h of post-fertilization (hpf) to 96 hpf covering the embryo-larval developmental period. At the end of the exposure period, the larvae were exposed to H2O2 (1 mM) for inducing generic oxidative stress. The exposure of WL15 peptide during the embryo-larval period showed no developmental toxicity even in higher concentrations of the peptide. Besides, the WL15 peptide considerably decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels induced by H2O2 exposure. WL15 peptide also inhibited the H2O2-induced caspase 3-dependent apoptotic response in zebrafish larvae was observed using the whole-mount immunofluorescence staining. Overall results from our study showed that the pre-treatment of WL15 (50 μM) in the H2O2-exposed zebrafish larvae, attenuated the expression of activated caspase 3 expressions, reduced Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and enhanced antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The gene expression of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxide (GPx) and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) was found to be upregulated. In conclusion, it can be conceived that pre-treatment with WL15 could mitigate H2O2-induced oxidative injury by elevating the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, thereby decreasing MDA levels and cellular apoptosis by enhancing the antioxidant response, demonstrated by the in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Christy Lite
- Endocrine and Exposome Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai, 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Allen J Freddy
- Endocrine and Exposome Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai, 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1 Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N T Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ravichandran G, Pasupuleti M, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Innate immune function of serine/threonine-protein kinase from Macrobrachium rosenbergii in response to host-pathogen interactions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:332-340. [PMID: 32758637 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrences of multiple drug-resistant strains have been relentlessly increasing in recent years. The aquaculture industry has encountered major disease outbreaks and crucially affected by this situation. The usage of non-specific chemicals and antibiotics expedites the stimulation of resistant strains. Triggering the natural defense mechanism would provide an effective and safest way of protecting the host system. Hence, we have investigated the innate immune function of serine/threonine-protein kinase (STPK) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Mr). The in-silico protein analysis resulted in the identification of cationic antimicrobial peptide, MrSL-19, with interesting properties from STPK of M. rosenbergii. Antimicrobial assay, FACS and SEM analysis demonstrated that the peptide potentially inhibits Staphylococcus aureus by interacting with its membrane. The toxic study on MrSL-19 demonstrated that the peptide is not toxic against HEK293 cells as well as human erythrocytes. This investigation showed the significant innate immune property of an efficient cationic antimicrobial peptide, MrSL-19 of STPK from M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Ravichandran
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226 031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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TL15 of Arthrospira platensis sulfite reductase scavenges free radicals demonstrated in oxidant induced larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:641-653. [PMID: 33137391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant role of sulfite reductase (SiR) derived from Arthrospira platensis (Ap) was identified through a short peptide, TL15. The study showed that the expression of ApSiR was highly expressed on day ten due to sulfur deprived stress in Ap culture. TL15 peptide exhibited strong antioxidant activity when evaluated using antioxidant assays in a concentration ranging from 7.8 and 125 μM. Further, the cytotoxicity of TL15 peptide was investigated, even at the higher concentration (250 μM), TL15 did not exhibit any toxicity, when tested in vitro using human leucocytes. Moreover, a potential reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was observed due to the treatment of TL15 peptide (>15.6 μM) to H2O2 exposed leucocytes. For the in vivo assessment of TL15 toxicity and antioxidant ability, experiments were performed in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae to analyse the developmental toxicity of TL15 peptide. Results showed that, exposure to TL15 peptide in tested concentrations ranging from 10, 20, 40, and 80 μM, did not affect the development and physiological parameters of the zebrafish embryo/larvae such as morphology, survival, hatching and heart rate. Fluorescent assay was performed using DCFH-DA (2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) to examine the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in zebrafish treated with TL15 peptide during the embryo-larval stages. Fluorescent images showed that pre-treatment with TL15 peptide to attenuate the H2O2 induced ROS levels in the zebrafish larvae in a dose-dependent manner. Further to uncover the underlying biochemical and antioxidant mechanism, the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were studied in zebrafish larvae. TL15 pre-treated groups showed enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, while the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposed larvae showed significantly diminished activity. Overall results from the study revealed that, TL15 act as a potential antioxidant molecule with dose-specific antioxidant property. Thus, TL15 peptide could be an effective and promising source for biopharmaceutical applications.
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Sannasimuthu A, Ramani M, Pasupuleti M, Saraswathi NT, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Arshad A, Mala K, Arockiaraj J. Peroxiredoxin of Arthrospira platensis derived short molecule YT12 influences antioxidant and anticancer activity. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2231-2242. [PMID: 32716104 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates both the antioxidant and anticancer potential of the novel short molecule YT12 derived from peroxiredoxin (Prx) of spirulina, Arthrospira platensis (Ap). ApPrx showed significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) stress. The complementary DNA sequence of ApPrx contained 706 nucleotides and its coding region possessed 546 nucleotides between position 115 and 660. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the messenger RNA expression of ApPrx due to H2 O2 exposure in spirulina cells at regular intervals, in which the highest expression was noticed on Day 20. Cytotoxicity assay was performed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and revealed that at 10 μM, the YT12 did not exhibit any notable toxicity. Furthermore, ROS scavenging activity of YT12 was performed using DCF-DA assay, in which YT12 scavenged a significant amount of ROS at 25 μM in H2 O2 -treated blood leukocytes. The intracellular ROS in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) was regulated by oxidative stress, where the YT12 scavenges ROS in HT-29 cells at 12.5 μM. Findings show that YT12 peptide has anticancer activity, when treated against HT-29 cells. Through the MTT assay, YT12 showed vital cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells. These finding suggested that YT12 is a potent antioxidant molecule which defends ROS against oxidative stress and plays a role in redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazahan Sannasimuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhura Ramani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nambiappan T Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdulla Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.,Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kanchana Mala
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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CxxC Zinc Finger Protein Derived Peptide, MF18 Functions Against Biofilm Formation. Protein J 2020; 39:337-349. [PMID: 32621273 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The major threat in modern medicine was biofilm forming bacterial related infections and they were highly tolerant to conventional antibiotics and a boundless demand for new drugs. In this regard, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) have been considered as potential alternative agents to conventional antibiotics. In this study, we have reported a CxxC zinc finger protein derived peptide, MF18 and its various biological role including activity against biofilm forming bacteria. Zinc finger protein are important in regulation of several cellular processes and wide range of molecular functions. The CxxC zinc finger protein identified from the cDNA library of a teleost fish; further it was characterised using various online bioinformatics programs. During the in-silico analysis, an AMP named MF18 was identified from the CxxC zinc finger protein, then it was synthesised for further biological activity studies. The antimicrobial activity of MF18 was confirmed against the biofilm clinical isolates such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The MIC of the antimicrobial peptide at the concentration of 320 µM was observed against these two biofilm bacteria. The mechanism of the peptides was determined using bacteria on its membrane permeabilization ability by scanning electron microscopy. It is exhibited that the MF18 potentially influenced in damaging the morphology of the bacteria. The toxicity of MF18 against the continuous cell line (RAW 264.7) was demonstrated by MTT assay and also using peripheral red blood cells by haemolytic assay; both assays showed that the peptide have no toxicity on the cells at lower concentration. Overall, the study showed the potential therapeutic application of the peptide in pharma industry.
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16
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Piscidin, Fish Antimicrobial Peptide: Structure, Classification, Properties, Mechanism, Gene Regulation and Therapeutical Importance. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Stefi Raju V, Sarkar P, Pachaiappan R, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Arockiaraj J. Defense involvement of piscidin from striped murrel Channa striatus and its peptides CsRG12 and CsLC11 involvement in an antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:368-378. [PMID: 32081807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have evaluated bioinformatics characterization and antimicrobial role of two piscidin (Pi) peptide identified from the established transcriptome of striped murrel Channa striatus (Cs). The identified CsPi cDNA contains 256 nucleotides encode a protein with 70 amino acids in length which has two antimicrobial peptides and named CsRG12 and CsLC11. The gene expression analysis with various immune stimulants indicated an induced expression pattern of CsPi. Antibiogram showed that CsRG12 and CsLC11 was active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33592, a major multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogen and Bacillus cereus ATCC 2106. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and antibiofilm assays were conducted to observe the activity of pathogenic bacteria with these derived antimicrobial peptides. Flow cytometry analysis noticed that the CsRG12 and CsLC11 disrupt the membrane formation of S. aureus and B. cereus, which was further assured by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images that bleb formation leads to disruption around the bacterial membrane. Overall, it is reported that CsPi is involved in innate immunity as the gene expression plays a remarkable role in up and down regulation during infection. In addition, the involvement of peptides in antibiofilm formation and bacterial membrane disruption support its immune character. This study leads to a possibility for the development of therapeutics in aquaculture biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Stefi Raju
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Purabi Sarkar
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sarkar P, Stefi RV, Pasupuleti M, Paray BA, Al-Sadoon MK, Arockiaraj J. Antioxidant molecular mechanism of adenosyl homocysteinase from cyanobacteria and its wound healing process in fibroblast cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1821-1834. [PMID: 31989428 PMCID: PMC7223595 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An antioxidant molecule namely, adenosyl homocysteinase (AHc) was identified from the earlier constructed transcriptome database of Spirulina, where it was cultured in a sulphur deprived condition. From the AHc protein, a small peptide NL13 was identified using bioinformatics tools and was predicted to have antioxidant property. Further, the peptide was synthesised and its antioxidant mechanism was addressed at molecular level. NL13 was subjected to various antioxidant assays including DPPH assay, HARS assay, SARS Assay, NO assay and ABTS assay, where NL13 exhibited significant (P < 0.05) potential antioxidant activity compared to its antioxidant control, Trolox. Cytotoxicity was performed on Human whole blood and the cell viability was performed on VERO fibroblast cells. In both assays, it was found that NL13 did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect towards the cells. Further, the intracellular ROS was performed on Multimode reader followed by imaging on fluorescence microscope which showed scavenging activity even at lower concentration of NL13 (31.2 µM). An effective wound healing property of NL13 on VERO cells was confirmed by analysing the cell migration rate at two different time intervals (24 and 48 h). Overall, the study shows that NL13 peptide scavenges the intracellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purabi Sarkar
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Raju V Stefi
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 031, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Al-Sadoon
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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Munusamy S, Conde R, Bertrand B, Munoz-Garay C. Biophysical approaches for exploring lipopeptide-lipid interactions. Biochimie 2020; 170:173-202. [PMID: 31978418 PMCID: PMC7116911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, lipopeptides (LPs) have attracted a lot of attention in the pharmaceutical industry due to their broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens and their unique mode of action. This class of compounds has enormous potential for application as an alternative to conventional antibiotics and for pest control. Understanding how LPs work from a structural and biophysical standpoint through investigating their interaction with cell membranes is crucial for the rational design of these biomolecules. Various analytical techniques have been developed for studying intramolecular interactions with high resolution. However, these tools have been barely exploited in lipopeptide-lipid interactions studies. These biophysical approaches would give precise insight on these interactions. Here, we reviewed these state-of-the-art analytical techniques. Knowledge at this level is indispensable for understanding LPs activity and particularly their potential specificity, which is relevant information for safe application. Additionally, the principle of each analytical technique is presented and the information acquired is discussed. The key challenges, such as the selection of the membrane model are also been briefly reviewed. A brief overview of topics to understand the generalities of lipopeptide (LP) science. Main analytical techniques used to reveal the interaction and the distorting effect of LP on artificial membranes. Guidelines for selecting of the most adequate membrane models for the given analytical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathishkumar Munusamy
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Renaud Conde
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Brandt Bertrand
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Carlos Munoz-Garay
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
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Identification of novel quinoline inhibitor for EHMT2/G9a through virtual screening. Biochimie 2020; 168:220-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Sub-lethal effect of synthetic pyrethroid pesticide on metabolic enzymes and protein profile of non-target Zebra fish, Danio rerio. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 27:441-447. [PMID: 31889868 PMCID: PMC6933226 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive application of pesticide in agricultural field affects the enzymatic activity of non-target animals, including fishes. In this study, the impact of sublethal concentration of fenvalerate on marker enzymes of freshwater Zebra fish was evaluated. Pesticide-induced stress can specifically affect non target fishes, through elevated level of reactive oxygen species which is responsible for biochemical, cell metabolism and physiological activities. The oxidative stress mediated by fenvalerate at sub lethal concentrations after 28 days of exposure of Zebra fish. Following 28 days of exposure of pesticide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, aspartate amino transferases, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase were assessed. Results revealed reduction of superoxide dismutase activity after 28 days of exposure in sub lethal concentration of fenvalerate in liver and gills. In liver, catalase activity was found to be less in fenvalerate exposed fish than control fish. In liver, increase of 75.75% aspartate amino transferase and 38% increase in alanine amino transferase in gills. SGPT activity was relatively higher than SGOT suggests more contribution of phyruvalate than oxaloacetate formation. Fenvalerate induced changes in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver and gills of Zebra fish after four weeks of exposure. Fenvalerate induced expression of various stress proteins in gill, liver, followed by muscle. Some proteins lost its intensity due to fenvalerate toxicity. Result revealed that enzyme assays and SDS-PAGE analysis for protein subunits determination is relevant tool to monitor stress in freshwater ecosystem. The findings suggest that in monitoring fenvalerate toxicity programme, enzyme activities can be potent diagnostic tool for fenvalerate induced toxicity.
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Bactericidal Potency and Extended Serum Life of Stereo-Chemically Engineered Peptides Against Mycobacterium. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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23
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Ravichandran G, Kumaresan V, Mahesh A, Dhayalan A, Arshad A, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Pasupuleti M, Arockiaraj J. Bactericidal and fungistatic activity of peptide derived from GH18 domain of prawn chitinase 3 and its immunological functions during biological stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:1014-1022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sathyamoorthi A, Kumaresan V, Palanisamy R, Pasupuleti M, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Marimuthu K, Amin SMN, Arshad A, Yusoff FM, Arockiaraj J. Therapeutic Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide (CAP) Derived from Fish Aspartic Proteinase Cathepsin D and its Antimicrobial Mechanism. Int J Pept Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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