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Mahnashi MH, Nahari M, Almasoudi H, Alhasaniah A, Elgazwi S, Abou-Salim MA. Novel NO-TZDs and trimethoxychalcone-based DHPMs: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2358934. [PMID: 38904116 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2358934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel series of nitric oxide-releasing thiazolidine-2,4-diones (NO-TZD-3a-d,5,6) and 3,4,5-trimethoxychalcone-based multifunctional 1,4-dihydropyrimidines (CDHPM-10a-g) have been designed and synthesised as potent broad-spectrum anticancer agents with potential VEGFR-2 inhibition. The designed analogs were evaluated for their anticancer activities towards a full panel of NCI-60 tumour cell lines and CDHPM-10a-g emerged mean %inhibitions ranging from 76.40 to 147.69%. Among them, CDHPM-10e and CDHPM-10f demonstrated the highest MGI% of 147.69 and 140.24%, respectively. Compounds CDHPM-10a,b,d-f showed higher mean %inhibitory activity than the reference drug sorafenib (MGI% = 105.46%). Superiorly, the hybrid CDHPM-10e displayed the highest potencies towards all the herein tested subpanels of nine types of cancer with MGI50 of 1.83 µM. Also, it revealed potent cytostatic single-digit micromolar activity towards the herein examined cancer cell lines. The designed compounds CDHPM-10a-g were exposed as potent non-selective broad-spectrum anticancer agents over all NCI subpanels with an SI range of 0.66-1.97. In addition, the target analog CDHPM-10e revealed potency towards VEGFR-2 kinase comparable to that of sorafenib with a sub-micromolar IC50 value of 0.11 µM. Also, CDHPM-10e could effectively induce Sub-G1-phase arrest and prompt apoptosis via caspase and p53-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, CDHPM-10e revealed significant anti-metastatic activity as detected by wound healing assay. The modelling study implies that CDHPM-10e overlaid well with sorafenib and formed a strong H-bond in the DFG binding domain. The ADMET studies hinted out that CDHPM-10e met Pfizer's drug-likeness criteria. The presented novel potent anticancer agent merits further devotion as a new lead product in developing more chalcone-based VEGFR-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mater H Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nahari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alhasaniah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Elgazwi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Derna, Derna, Libya
| | - Mahrous A Abou-Salim
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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2
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Gharge S, Alegaon SG. Recent Studies of Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Heterocyclic Analogues as Novel Antidiabetic Agents: A Review. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301738. [PMID: 38126280 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is on the rise, which demands the identification of novel antidiabetic drugs. There is a need for safer and more effective alternatives because the therapy methods now available to manage diabetes have limits. Due to their diverse pharmacological characteristics, heterocyclic molecules with nitrogen and Sulfur atoms have become intriguing candidates in medicinal chemistry. These substances have a wide variety of structures that can be customized to target different pathways associated with diabetes and can affect important biological targets involved in glucose homeostasis. This review provides a thorough summary of the most recent studies on heterocyclic analogues of nitrogen and Sulfur as prospective antidiabetic agents. This review examines the variety of their structural forms, their methods of action, and assesses the results of preclinical and clinical investigations on their effectiveness and safety. Additionally, further optimization and development of innovative antidiabetic medications are highlighted, as well as the difficulties and prospects for the future in utilizing the therapeutic potential of these analogues. This study seeks to stimulate additional investigation and cooperation between researchers and medicinal chemists, promoting improvements in the creation of efficient and secure antidiabetic medicines to fulfill the needs in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gharge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, 590 010, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - S G Alegaon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, 590 010, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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3
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Modh DH, Kulkarni VM. Anticancer Drug Discovery By Structure-Based Repositioning Approach. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:60-91. [PMID: 37165589 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230509123036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress that has occurred in recent years in cell biology and oncology, in chemical, physical and computer sciences, the disease cancer has continued as the major cause of death globally. Research organizations, academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies invest huge amounts of money in the discovery and development of new anticancer drugs. Though much effort is continuing and whatever available approaches are being attempted, the success of bringing one effective drug into the market has been uncertain. To overcome problems associated with drug discovery, several approaches are being attempted. One such approach has been the use of known, approved and marketed drugs to screen these for new indications, which have gained considerable interest. This approach is known in different terms as "drug repositioning or drug repurposing." Drug repositioning refers to the structure modification of the active molecule by synthesis, in vitro/ in vivo screening and in silico computational applications where macromolecular structure-based drug design (SBDD) is employed. In this perspective, we aimed to focus on the application of repositioning or repurposing of essential drug moieties present in drugs that are already used for the treatment of some diseases such as diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and inflammation as anticancer agents. This review thus covers the available literature where molecular modeling of drugs/enzyme inhibitors through SBDD is reported for antidiabetics, anti-HIV and inflammatory diseases, which are structurally modified and screened for anticancer activity using respective cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharti H Modh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Erandwane, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vithal M Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Erandwane, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
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4
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Trotsko N. Thiazolidin-4-Ones as a Promising Scaffold in the Development of Antibiofilm Agents-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:325. [PMID: 38203498 PMCID: PMC10778874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidin-4-ones have a broad range of medical and clinical implementation, which is important for pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. This heterocyclic core has been reported to possess a diversity of bioactivities, including antimicrobial and antibiofilm-forming potential. The resistance of biofilms to antibiotics or disinfectants is a serious medical problem. Therefore, there is a natural need to discover new effective structures with properties that inhibit biofilm formation. This review aims to analyze the antibiofilm features of thiazolidin-4-ones described in the literature over the last two decades. The information gathered in this review could benefit the rational design of new effective antibiofilm small molecules with thiazolidin-4-one cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Trotsko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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5
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D Shankara S, Isloor AM, Jayaswamy PK, Shetty P, Chakraborty D, Venugopal PP. Vetting of New 2,5-Bis (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) Phenyl-Linked 1,3-Thiazolidine-4-one Derivatives as AURKA and VEGFR-2 Inhibitor Antiglioma Agents Assisted with In Vitro and In Silico Studies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43596-43609. [PMID: 38027362 PMCID: PMC10666141 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The bioactivity of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives with a 2,5-bis (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) phenyl moiety was computationally developed and evaluated. All of the synthesized thiazolidin-4-one derivatives have their chemical structures characterized using a variety of methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H and 13C), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) radiation. A human glioblastoma cancer cell line (LN229) was used to investigate the purified derivatives' antiglioma cancer efficacy. By using the MTT, colony formation, and tunnel tests, respectively, the in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of these compounds were assessed. Thiazolidin-4-one derivatives 5b, 5c, and 5e were discovered to have the best efficacy against glioblastoma cells out of all of these compounds. The derivatives 5b, 5c, and 5e were determined to have respective IC50 values of 9.48, 12.16, and 6.43 g/mL. Computation results showed that the bioactivity evaluations of the compounds were quite significant. The bridging -NH group forms a hydrogen bond with Glu 260 of synthesized derivatives 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, and 5h. The vast majority of freshly developed compounds obeyed Lipinski's rule of five, which is in line with the results that the ADMET model predicted. Additionally, molecular docking evaluation and molecular dynamics simulation investigations against the proteins AURKA and VEGFR-2 were conducted for the synthesized compounds to incorporate both in silico and in vitro data. The findings revealed that almost all of the compounds had considerable binding to AURKA and VEGFR-2 residues, with binding affinities ranging from -9.8 to -7.9 kcal/mol. Consequently, the results of the biological investigations and the docking scores demonstrated that thiazolidinone molecule 5e containing 4-chlorophenyl substituent may be considered as a potential moiety for glioblastoma cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyanarayana D Shankara
- Medicinal Chemistry
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National
Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575 025, India
| | - Arun M. Isloor
- Medicinal Chemistry
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National
Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575 025, India
| | - Pavan K. Jayaswamy
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveenkumar Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Debashree Chakraborty
- Biophysical and Computational Chemistry
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National
Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, India
| | - Pushyaraga P. Venugopal
- Biophysical and Computational Chemistry
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National
Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, India
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6
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Tuszewska H, Szczepański J, Mandziuk S, Trotsko N. Thiazolidin-4-one-based derivatives - Efficient tools for designing antiprotozoal agents. A review of the last decade. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106398. [PMID: 36739686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thiazolidin-4-one derivatives have a wide range of therapeutic implementations and clinical significance for medicinal chemistry. This heterocyclic ring has been reported to possess a variety of biological activities, including antiprotozoal activities that have inspired scientists to integrate this scaffold with different pharmacophoric fragments to design novel and effective antiprotozoal compounds. There are reviews describing thiazolidin-4-ones small molecules as good candidates with a single type of antiprotozoal activity, but none of these show collected news associated with the antiprotozoal activity of thiazolidin-4-ones and their SAR analysis from the last decade. In this review we are focusing on the antitoxoplasmic, anti-trypanosomal, antimalarial, antileishmanial, and antiamoebic activity of these derivatives, we attempt to summarize and analyze the recent developments with regard to the antiprotozoal potential of 4-TZD covering the structure-activity relationship and main molecular targets. The importance of various structural modifications at C2, N3, and C5 of the thiazolidine-4-one core has also been discussed in this review. We hope that all information concluded in this review can be useful for other researchers in constructing new effective antiprotozoal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Tuszewska
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a, Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Szczepański
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a, Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Mandziuk
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 8, Jaczewski Str., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Nazar Trotsko
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a, Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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7
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Ghous F, Shukla S, Singh R, Parveen S, Banerjee M, Bishnoi A. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Computational Investigation, Molecular Docking Analysis and Anti-lung Cancer Activity of Novel (Z)-3-amino-2-(cyclohexylidenehydrazono)thiazolidin-4-one. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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8
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Arshad R, Khan MA, Mutahir S, Hussain S, Al-Hazmi GH, Refat MS. DFT, Molecular Docking and ADME Studies of Thiazolidinones as Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2124286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raqeeba Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Sadaf Mutahir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Sufyan Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Ghaferah H. Al-Hazmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S. Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Singh G, Kajal K, Pradhan T, Bhurta D, Monga V. The medicinal perspective of 2,4-thiazolidinediones based ligands as antimicrobial, antitumor and antidiabetic agents: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100517. [PMID: 35715383 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
2,4-Thiazolidinedione (2,4-TZD), commonly known as glitazone, is a ubiquitous heterocyclic pharmacophore possessing a plethora of pharmacological activities and offering a vast opportunity for structural modification. The diverse range of biological activities endowed with a novel mode of action, low cost, and easy synthesis has attracted the attention of medicinal chemists. Several researchers have integrated the TZD core with different structural fragments to develop a wide range of lead molecules against various clinical disorders. The most common sites for structural modifications at the 2,4-TZD nucleus are the N-3 and the active methylene at C-5. The review covers the recent development of TZD derivatives such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antidiabetic agents. Various 2,4-TZD based agents or drugs, which are either under clinical development or in the market, are discussed in the study. Different synthetic methodologies for synthesizing the 2,4-TZD core are also included in the manuscript. The importance of various substitutions at N-3 and C-5 and the mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships are also discussed. We hope this study will serve as a valuable tool for the scientific community engaged in the structural exploitation of the 2,4-TZD core for developing novel drug m\olecules for life-threatening ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Kajal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Tathagata Pradhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Deendyal Bhurta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajendra Institute of Technology and Sciences, Sirsa, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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10
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Gouveia ALA, Santos FAB, Alves LC, Cruz-Filho IJ, Silva PR, Jacob ITT, Soares JCS, Santos DKDN, Souza TRCL, Oliveira JF, Lima MDCA. Thiazolidine derivatives: In vitro toxicity assessment against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum and ultrastructural study. Exp Parasitol 2022; 236-237:108253. [PMID: 35381223 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neglected diseases, such as Leishmaniasis, constitute a group of communicable diseases that occur mainly in tropical countries. Considered a public health problem with limited treatment. Therefore, there is a need for new therapies. In this sense, our proposal was to evaluate in vitro two series of thiazolidine compounds (7a-7e and 8a-8e) against Leishmania infantum. We performed in vitro evaluations through macrophage cytotoxicity assays (J774) and nitric oxide production, activity against promastigotes and amastigotes, as well as ultrastructural analyzes in promastigotes. In the evaluation of cytotoxicity, the thiazolidine compounds presented CC50 values between 8.52 and 126.83 μM. Regarding the evaluation against the promastigote forms, the IC50 values ranged between 0.42 and 142.43 μM. Compound 7a was the most promising, as it had the lowest IC50. The parasites treated with compound 7a showed several changes, such as cell body shrinkage, shortening and loss of the flagellum, intense mitochondrial edema and cytoplasmic vacuolization, leading the parasite to cell inviability. In assays against the amastigote forms, the compound showed a low IC50 (0.65 μM). These results indicate that compound 7a was efficient for both evolutionary forms of the parasite. In silico studies suggest that the compound has good oral bioavailability. These results show that compound 7a is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of Leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allana L A Gouveia
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fábio A B Santos
- Aggeu Magalhães Institut. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Alves
- Aggeu Magalhães Institut. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Iranildo José Cruz-Filho
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paula R Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Iris T T Jacob
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Cleberson S Soares
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Dayane K D N Santos
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tulio Ricardo C L Souza
- Rural University of Pernambuco, Academic Unit of Belo Jardim, 55156-580, Belo Jardim, PE, Brazil
| | - Jamerson F Oliveira
- University for the International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB), 62790-970, Redenção, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo A Lima
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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11
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Zhao WW, Shao YC, Wang AN, Huang JL, He CY, Cui BD, Wan NW, Chen YZ, Han WY. Diazotrifluoroethyl Radical: A CF 3-Containing Building Block in [3 + 2] Cycloaddition. Org Lett 2021; 23:9256-9261. [PMID: 34802247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We present herein a visible-light-induced [3 + 2] cycloaddition of a hypervalent iodine(III) reagent with α-ketoacids for the construction of 5-CF3-1,3,4-oxadiazoles that are of importance in medicinal chemistry. The reaction proceeds smoothly without a photocatalyst, metal, or additive under mild conditions. Different from the well-established trifluorodiazoethane (CF3CHN2), the diazotrifluoroethyl radical [CF3C(·)N2], a trifluoroethylcarbyne (CF3CĊ:) equivalent and an unusual CF3-containing building block, is involved in the present reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Chao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China
| | - An-Ni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Dong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China
| | - Nan-Wei Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, P. R. China
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12
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Mech D, Kurowska A, Trotsko N. The Bioactivity of Thiazolidin-4-Ones: A Short Review of the Most Recent Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11533. [PMID: 34768964 PMCID: PMC8584074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidin-4-ones is an important heterocyclic ring system of a pharmacophore and a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. This review is focused on the latest scientific reports regarding biological activities of thiazolidin-4-ones published in 2020 and 2021. The review covers recent information about antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antitubercular and antiviral properties of thiazolidin-4-ones. Additionally, the influence of different substituents in molecules on their biological activity was discussed in this paper. Thus, this study may help to optimize the structure of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives as more efficient drug agents. Presented information may be used as a practical hint for rational design of new small molecules with biological activity, especially among thiazolidin-4-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nazar Trotsko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.M.); (A.K.)
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13
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Das A, Ashraf MW, Banik BK. Thione Derivatives as Medicinally Important Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Das
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences College of Sciences and Human Studies Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Al Khobar 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Waqar Ashraf
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences College of Sciences and Human Studies Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Al Khobar 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bimal Krishna Banik
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences College of Sciences and Human Studies Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Al Khobar 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Abdel El‐wahab HAA, Hamdy AK, Schulzke C, Aboul‐Fadl T, Qayed WS. Crystal structure and quantum chemical calculations of (
E
)1‐benzyl‐3‐((4‐methoxyphenyl)imino)‐5‐methylindolin‐2‐one. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed K. Hamdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Assuit University Assuit Egypt
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie Universität Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - Tarek Aboul‐Fadl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Assuit University Assuit Egypt
| | - Wesam S. Qayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Assuit University Assuit Egypt
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15
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1,3,4-Oxadiazole-containing hybrids as potential anticancer agents: Recent developments, mechanism of action and structure-activity relationships. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Trotsko N. Antitubercular properties of thiazolidin-4-ones - A review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113266. [PMID: 33588179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidin-4-one scaffold has great potential for medicinal chemistry and is of interest to scientists in view of wide spectrum of biological activity. This scaffold is often used for designing of small molecules with various biological activity including antituberculosis activity. The presented review is an attempt to gather, analyze and systemize data about antitubercular properties of thiazolidine-4-ones from two last decades. Some of them have promising antitubercular activity which is significantly higher than that of the reference drugs. Among them compounds 82c, 82d and 84 that were active against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain with MICs in the range of 0.05-0.2 μg/mL and compound 108 exhibited activity with MIC = 0.36 μM. Compounds 115a-115c and 116a-116c were very effective against M. tuberculosis H37Ra with MIC values in the range of 0.031-0.125 μg/mL. Acidomycin was showed activity against seven MDR M. tuberculosis strains with MICs in the range of 0.6-0.62 μM and against two XDR M. tuberculosis strains with MICs 0.096 and 1.2 μM. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of some groups of compounds, as well as some potential molecular targets were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Trotsko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
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17
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Asiri YI, Muhsinah AB, Alsayari A, Ghabbour HA, Almarhoon ZM, Al-aizari FA, Venkatesan K, Tasqeeruddin S, Sulthana SS, Mabkhot YN. Design, synthesis, X-ray analysis, and biological screening of new oxime and enaminone thiazoline-2-thione derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Design, synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of thiazolidine-2,4-dione-based thiosemicarbazone derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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19
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Sahiba N, Sethiya A, Soni J, Agarwal DK, Agarwal S. Saturated Five-Membered Thiazolidines and Their Derivatives: From Synthesis to Biological Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:34. [PMID: 32206929 PMCID: PMC7101601 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In past decades, interdisciplinary research has been of great interest for scholars. Thiazolidine motifs behave as a bridge between organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry and compel researchers to explore new drug candidates. Thiazolidine motifs are very intriguing heterocyclic five-membered moieties present in diverse natural and bioactive compounds having sulfur at the first position and nitrogen at the third position. The presence of sulfur enhances their pharmacological properties, and, therefore, they are used as vehicles in the synthesis of valuable organic combinations. They show varied biological properties viz. anticancer, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antioxidant activity and so on. This diversity in the biological response makes it a highly prized moiety. Based on literature studies, various synthetic approaches like multicomponent reaction, click reaction, nano-catalysis and green chemistry have been employed to improve their selectivity, purity, product yield and pharmacokinetic activity. In this review article, we have summarized systematic approaches for the synthesis of thiazolidine and its derivatives, along with their pharmacological activity, including advantages of green synthesis, atom economy, cleaner reaction profile and catalyst recovery which will help scientists to probe and stimulate the study of these scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Sahiba
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Ayushi Sethiya
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Jay Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Dinesh K. Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacy, B. N. University, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001 India
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20
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Alhameed RA, Berrino E, Almarhoon Z, El-Faham A, Supuran CT. A class of carbonic anhydrase IX/XII - selective carboxylate inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:549-554. [PMID: 31967484 PMCID: PMC7006686 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1715388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A small series of 2,4-dioxothiazolidinyl acetic acids was prepared from thiourea, chloroacetic acid, aromatic aldehydes, and ethyl-2-bromoacetate. They were assayed for the inhibition of four physiologically relevant carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms of human (h) origin, the cytosolic hCA I and II, and the transmembrane hCA IX and XII, involved among others in tumorigenesis (hCA IX and XII) and glaucoma (hCA II and XII). The two cytosolic isoforms were not inhibited by these carboxylates, which were also rather ineffective as hCA IX inhibitors. On the other hand, they showed submicromolar hCA XII inhibition, with KIs in the range of 0.30–0.93 µM, making them highly CA XII-selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakia Abd Alhameed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emanuela Berrino
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Zainab Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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21
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Synthesis of a novel series of (Z)-3,5-disubstituted thiazolidine-2,4-diones as promising anti-breast cancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103569. [PMID: 31978680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of (Z)-3,5-disubstituted thiazolidine-2,4-diones 4-16 has been designed and synthesized. Preliminary screening of these compounds for their anti-breast cancer activity revealed that compounds 5, 7, and 9 possess the highest anti-cancer activities. The anti-tumor effects of compounds 5, 7, and 9 were evaluated against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and human breast cancer cells. They were also evaluated against normal non-cancerous breast cells, isolated from the same patients, to conclude about their use in a potential targeted therapy. Using MTT uptake method, these three compounds 5, 7, and 9 blunt the proliferation of these cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 1.27, 1.50 and 1.31 µM respectively. Interestingly, using flow cytometry analysis these three compounds significantly mediated apoptosis of human breast cancer cells without affecting the survival of normal non-cancerous breast cells that were isolated from the same patients. Mechanistically, these compounds blunt the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells by robustly decreasing the phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR and the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α. Most importantly, compounds 5, 7, and 9 without affecting the phosphorylation and expression of these crucial cellular factors in normal non-cancerous breast cells that were isolated from the same patients. Additionally, using Western blot analysis the three compounds significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 members (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1) and increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 members (Bak, Bax and Bim) in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and human breast cancer cells making these breast cancer cells susceptible for apoptosis induction. Taken together, these data provide great evidences for the inhibitory activity of these compounds against breast cancer cells without affecting the normal breast cells.
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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of a New Series of Thiazolidine-2,4-diones Carboxamide and Amino Acid Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010105. [PMID: 31892119 PMCID: PMC6983134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel thiazolidine-2,4-dione carboxamide and amino acid derivatives were synthesized in excellent yield using OxymaPure/N,N'-diisopropylcarbodimide coupling methodology and were characterized by chromatographic and spectrometric methods, and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial and antifungal activity of these derivatives was evaluated against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), two-Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and one fungal isolate (Candida albicans). Interestingly, several samples demonstrated weak to moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, as well as antifungal activity. However, only one compound namely, 2-(5-(3-methoxybenzylidene)-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)acetic acid, showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly S. aureus.
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Pathania S, Narang RK, Rawal RK. Role of sulphur-heterocycles in medicinal chemistry: An update. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:486-508. [PMID: 31330449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
From many decades, S-heterocycles have maintained their status as an important part and core of FDA approved drugs and medicinally active compounds. With exhaustive exploration of nitrogen heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, researchers have shifted their interest towards other heterocycles, especially, S-heterocycles. Thus several attempts have been made to synthesize a variety of new sulphur containing compounds with high medicinal value and low toxicity profile, in comparison to previous N-heterocycles. Till today, S-heterocycle containing compounds have been largely reported as anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antihypertension, antivral, antinflammatory etc. In this review, the authors have tried to provide a critical analysis of synthesis and medicinal attributes of sulphur containing heterocycles such as thiirane, thiophene, thiazole, thiopyran, thiazolidine etc reported within last five years to emphasize the significance and usefulness of these S-heterocycles in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Pathania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga, 142001, Punjab, India; Research Scholar, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Raj Kumar Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Ravindra K Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, 133207, Haryana, India.
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24
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PIM kinase inhibitors: Structural and pharmacological perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 172:95-108. [PMID: 30954777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The PIM kinase, also known as serine/threonine kinase plays an important role in cancer biology and is found in three different isoforms namely PIM-1, PIM-2, and PIM-3. They are extensively distributed and are implicated in a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. They act as weak oncogene and whenever expressed in exacerbating forms are responsible for different types of human cancer. Recently, different isoforms of PIM kinase have been identified as a clinical biomarker and potential therapeutic target for personalized treatment of advanced cancer. The inhibition of PIM kinase has become a scientific interest and some inhibitors have been developed and/or are under different phases of clinical trials. Several medicinally privileged heterocyclic ring scaffolds such as pyrrole, pyrimidine, thiazolidine, benzofuran, indole, triazole, oxadiazole, and quinoline derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their PIM inhibitory activity. This review comprehensively focuses on pharmacological implications of PIM kinases in oncogenesis, structural insights of PIM inhibitors and their structure-activity relationships (SARs).
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25
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Nirwan S, Chahal V, Kakkar R. Thiazolidinones: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Their Biological Applications. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Nirwan
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Varun Chahal
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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26
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Hameed R, Khan A, Khan S, Perveen S. Computational Approaches Towards Kinases as Attractive Targets for Anticancer Drug Discovery and Development. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2018; 19:592-598. [PMID: 30306880 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666181009163014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the major goals of computational chemists is to determine and develop the pathways for anticancer drug discovery and development. In recent past, high performance computing systems elicited the desired results with little or no side effects. The aim of the current review is to evaluate the role of computational chemistry in ascertaining kinases as attractive targets for anticancer drug discovery and development. METHODS Research related to computational studies in the field of anticancer drug development is reviewed. Extensive literature on achievements of theorists in this regard has been compiled and presented with special emphasis on kinases being the attractive anticancer drug targets. RESULTS Different approaches to facilitate anticancer drug discovery include determination of actual targets, multi-targeted drug discovery, ligand-protein inverse docking, virtual screening of drug like compounds, formation of di-nuclear analogs of drugs, drug specific nano-carrier design, kinetic and trapping studies in drug design, multi-target QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship) model, targeted co-delivery of anticancer drug and siRNA, formation of stable inclusion complex, determination of mechanism of drug resistance, and designing drug like libraries for the prediction of drug-like compounds. Protein kinases have gained enough popularity as attractive targets for anticancer drugs. These kinases are responsible for uncontrolled and deregulated differentiation, proliferation, and cell signaling of the malignant cells which result in cancer. CONCLUSION Interest in developing drugs through computational methods is a growing trend, which saves equally the cost and time. Kinases are the most popular targets among the other for anticancer drugs which demand attention. 3D-QSAR modelling, molecular docking, and other computational approaches have not only identified the target-inhibitor binding interactions for better anticancer drug discovery but are also designing and predicting new inhibitors, which serve as lead for the synthetic preparation of drugs. In light of computational studies made so far in this field, the current review highlights the importance of kinases as attractive targets for anticancer drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sehroon Khan
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 560201, Yunnan, China
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Trotsko N, Kosikowska U, Paneth A, Plech T, Malm A, Wujec M. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Thiazolidine-2,4-dione-Based Chlorophenylthiosemicarbazone Hybrids. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051023. [PMID: 29701728 PMCID: PMC6099675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Series of new thiazolidine-2,4-dione-based chlorophenylthiosemicarbazone hybrids (17–40) were synthesized by the reaction of condensation chlorophenylthiosemicarbazides with formylphenyl 2-(2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-yl/ylidene)acetates. New compounds were tested on reference strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity of target compounds was determined by broth dilution method. Most active compounds possess minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 3.91 mg/L. These compounds were non-toxic at concentrations close to their antibacterial effect. The antibacterial activity of some compounds was similar to or higher than the activity of used reference drugs such as oxacillin and cefuroxime. The structure–activity relationships (SARs) analysis collectively suggests that at least two different molecular mechanisms of their antibacterial activity should be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Trotsko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki, Lublin 20-093, Poland.
| | - Urszula Kosikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki, Lublin 20-093, Poland.
| | - Agata Paneth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki, Lublin 20-093, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki, Lublin 20-093, Poland.
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki, Lublin 20-093, Poland.
| | - Monika Wujec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki, Lublin 20-093, Poland.
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