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Negi S, Gahlyan P, Bawa R, Singh B, Bhandari M, Kakkar R, Pani B, Kumar R. A rhodamine based fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensor for the detection of Cr 3+ ions and its utility in a molecular logic gate. Anal Methods 2023; 15:4000-4009. [PMID: 37545382 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A new rhodamine based fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensor S1 was synthesized for the selective recognition of Cr3+, a trivalent metal ion. The interaction of S1 toward different metal ions has been studied via fluorescence and UV-visible spectroscopy. The studies revealed that the fluorescence and colorimetric changes of chemosensor S1 are prominent for Cr3+ over other competitive metal ions. Moreover, the chemosensor S1 exhibits 1 : 1 complex formation with Cr3+ as apparent from the Job's plot and the Benesi-Hildebrand (B-H) plot. Density functional theory (DFT) studies also revealed that the Cr3+ ion is coordinated to three atoms of S1, which validates the formation of a complex between S1 and Cr3+. The limit of detection (LOD) of chemosensor S1 for Cr3+ was 0.21 μM. Furthermore, to explore the recyclability of S1, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was added to the S1-Cr3+ solution. On the addition of EDTA to the solution of S1-Cr3+, the reversibility of the complex was observed, and a colorimetric variation was also observed on the addition of Cr3+ and EDTA to S1 which mimics the "INHIBIT "molecular logic gate. Chemosensor S1 also demonstrated practical utility through detection of Cr3+ in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Negi
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Parveen Gahlyan
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110027, India
| | - Rashim Bawa
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Bholey Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, India
| | - Mamta Bhandari
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Balaram Pani
- Department of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110075, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Issar U, Arora R, Kakkar R. In silico studies of the interaction of the minor groove binder Hoechst 33258 with B-DNA. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37301606 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2220807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of the minor groove binder, Hoechst 33258, with the Dickerson-Drew DNA dodecamer sequence has been investigated using docking, MM/QM, MM/GBSA and molecular dynamics computations to study the modes of binding and the interactions responsible for the binding. Besides the original Hoechst 33258 ligand (HT), a total of 12 ionization and stereochemical states for the ligand are obtained at the physiological pH and have been docked into B-DNA. These states have one or the other or both benzimidazole rings in protonated states, apart from the piperazine nitrogen, which has a quaternary nitrogen in all the states. Most of these states are found to exhibit good docking scores and free energy of binding with B-DNA. The best docked state has been taken further for molecular dynamics simulations and compared with the original HT. This state is protonated at both benzimidazole rings besides the piperazine ring and hence has very highly negative coulombic interaction energy. In both cases, there are strong coulombic interactions, but these are offset by the almost equally unfavorable solvation energies. Thus, the nonpolar forces, particularly van der Waals contacts, dominate the interaction, and the polar interactions highlight subtle changes in the binding energies, leading to more highly protonated states having more negative binding energies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Issar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Richa Arora
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Sharma H, Chaudhary S, Nirwan S, Kakkar R, Liew H, Low M, Mai C, Hii L, Leong C, Daisy Milton M. N, N’
‐Disubstituted Benzimidazolium Salts: Synthesis, Characterization, Micromolar Detection of Fe(III) ions in Aqueous system, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Himshikha Sharma
- Functional Organic Molecules Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Shweta Chaudhary
- Functional Organic Molecules Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Sonam Nirwan
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - HuiShan Liew
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - May‐Lee Low
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmacy International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19 57000 Bukit Jalil Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research Institute for Research Development and Innovation International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Chun‐Wai Mai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry School of Pharmacy International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19 57000 Bukit Jalil Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research Institute for Research Development and Innovation International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Ren Ji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center Department of Urology Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160, Pujian Road, Pudong New District 200127 Shanghai China
| | - Ling‐Wei Hii
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research Institute for Research Development and Innovation International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Life Sciences School of Pharmacy International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Chee‐Onn Leong
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research Institute for Research Development and Innovation International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Life Sciences School of Pharmacy International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19 57000 Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Marilyn Daisy Milton
- Functional Organic Molecules Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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Nirwan S, Chahal V, Kakkar R. A comparative study of different docking methodologies to assess the protein-ligand interaction for the E. coli MurB enzyme. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11229-11238. [PMID: 34323658 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1957019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the active site of E. coli MurB using the Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) methodology. The docking of three novel series of 4-thiazolidinone derivatives has been performed using two methods: rigid docking and flexible docking (Induced Fit Docking: IFD). The results have been compared to understand the conformational aspects of the enzyme. The docking results from rigid docking show that the ligands with highly negative ΔGbind have poor docking scores. In addition, the value of the regression coefficient (R) obtained on correlating the ΔGbind and the experimental pMIC values is insignificant. On keeping the protein flexible, there is a remarkable improvement in both the docking score and ΔGbind, along with a good value of R (0.64). Two important residues, Tyr254 and Try190 are found to be highly displaced during the flexible docking and hence their role in effective ligand binding has been confirmed. Thus, comparing the two methodologies, IFD has emerged as the more appropriate one for studying the E. coli MurB enzyme. To further substantiate the findings, MD studies over a time period of 20 ns have been performed on the IFD-LIII j and Rigid/XP-LIII j complexes and the results shows the former complex to be more stable, with lower average RMSD and higher average ΔGbind.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Nirwan
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Varun Chahal
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Chahal V, Kakkar R. A combination strategy of structure-based virtual screening, MM-GBSA, cross docking, molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations used to investigate natural compounds as potent and specific inhibitors of tumor linked human carbonic anhydrase IX. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35735269 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2087736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains a serious health concern representing one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. The enzyme human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCA IX) is found to be over-expressed in many cancer types and its selective inhibition over its cytosolic off-target isoform, human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II), represents a potential area of research in the development of novel anticancer compounds. This work is concerned with the use of various in silico tools for the identification of natural product based molecules that can selectively inhibit hCA IX over hCA II. MM-GBSA assisted structure-based virtual screening against hCA IX was performed for nearly 225,000 natural products imported from the ZINC15 database. The obtained hits were checked for their potency by considering acetazolamide, the bound inhibitor of hCA IX, as the reference molecule, and 121 molecules were identified as potent hCA IX inhibitors. After ensuring their potency, cross-docking, followed by MM-GBSA calculations of the hits with hCA II, was performed, and their selectivity was assessed by considering the hCA IX selective compound SLC-0111 as the reference molecule, and 50 natural products were identified as potent as well as selective hCA IX inhibitors. Molecules with the quinoline scaffold showed the highest selectivity, and their selectivity was attributed to the strong electrostatic interactions of the zinc binding group (ZBG) with the active site Zn(II) ion. Furthermore, the stability of the binding modes of the top hCA IX selective hits was ensured by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which clearly proved that one of the short-listed molecules is truly selective, as it does not interact with the active site Zn(II) ion of hCA II, but interacts strongly with this ion in hCA IX. Bonding pose metadynamics studies revealed that the ligand moves to a more stable binding site from the one predicted by the docking studies and shows stronger interaction with the protein and Zn(II) at this binding site. The ligand is not likely to have issues with bioavailability. As a result, this ligand can be taken for bioassay testing and subsequently used as a feasible therapeutic treatment for a variety of cancer types. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Chahal
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Sharma H, Kakkar R, Bishnoi S, Daisy Milton M. Synthesis of acceptor-donor-acceptor based phenothiazine-5-oxide aldehydes displaying large Stokes shift- “on-off-on” acidofluorochromic switch and molecular logic gate operation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Malik P, Thareja R, Singh J, Kakkar R. II-VI core/shell quantum dots and doping with transition metal ions as a means of tuning the magnetoelectronic properties of CdS/ZnS core/shell QDs: A DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 111:108099. [PMID: 34871980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the alterations in the properties of II-VI Quantum Dots (QDs) when these are coated with a shell made of another material of the same family and investigates the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of doped CdS/ZnS core/shell QDs. The core/shell QDs have been constructed by building the shell over the bare core QD and it is found that this construction of a shell over the bare QD can bring about dramatic changes in its optical properties. On changing the shell by varying either the cation or the anion, substantial variations are brought about in the band gap and electrophilicity. The trend of Fermi energies is more negative for core/shell QDs than for the QDs without a shell, and the value is almost the same for core/shell QDs with the same core. Swapping of the core and the shell materials brings greater stability in the case of shells of the wider band gap materials. Binding energy data demonstrates that the CdS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnSe, CdSe/CdS core/shell systems are more stable than ZnS/CdS, ZnSe/CdSe, CdS/CdSe core/shell systems, respectively. An augmentation in the properties is found on doping the QD with transition metal ions. The binding energies are found to be functions of the kind of dopant as well as the spin multiplicity and account for the stability of one spin state over the other at a specific site of the QD. The most fascinating property that plays a decisive role in the extant work is the introduction of magnetism in core/shell QDs as a result of the entry of unpaired electrons within the CdS/ZnS QDs on doping with transition metal ions. The deviation of the observed magnetic moments from the expected values increases as the dopant is varied from Mn2+ to Fe2+ to Co2+ to Ni2+ to Cu2+. Hirshfeld charge analysis shows that the doped ion accepts negative charge from the sulfide ions in the core, with the smallest charge transfer seen in the case of Hg2+ ions. As we move from Mn2+ to Hg2+, the trend followed for the Hirshfeld charges indicates that the overall charge on the core is lower and that on the shell is higher for all the doped cases in comparison to the undoped CdS/ZnS core/shell QD. The band gap values reveal that the Fe2+ doped CdS/ZnS core/shell structures have the smallest band gaps. Hence, we expect that this paper will help researchers to develop a strategy to produce QDs of the anticipated properties for various applications, and transition metal ions can be successfully employed for modification of various magnetoelectronic properties of the host semiconductor for future applications in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Malik
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Rakhi Thareja
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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Mittal A, Kakkar R. The antioxidant potential of retrochalcones isolated from liquorice root: A comparative DFT study. Phytochemistry 2021; 192:112964. [PMID: 34598043 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds are known to exhibit potent antioxidant properties owing to the presence of various phenolic groups. The present study reports the antioxidant potentials of six retrochalcones, namely echinatin, and licochalcone A, B, C, D and E, isolated from the root of the Glycyrrhiza species, toward various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Different mechanistic pathways, viz. hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer (SET), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET), have been considered. In addition, two other pathways, i.e. sequential double proton loss electron transfer (SdPLET) and sequential proton loss hydrogen atom transfer (SPLHAT), which are significant for the scavenging of reactive species by the mono-deprotonated forms of retrochalcones, have also been considered. All the calculations were performed using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level in the gas phase and in aqueous solution. The results suggest the predominance of the HAT mechanism in the gas phase, while in aqueous solution, the SPLET mechanism is thermodynamically favored. The possibility of SdPLET increases at higher pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Mittal
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Chahal V, Kakkar R. Theoretical investigation of the structural and electronic features of SLC-0111, a novel inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase IX, and its anion. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kashyap K, Kakkar R. In silico study of the synergistic anti-tumor effect of hybrid topoisomerase-HDAC inhibitors. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Combination therapies that include treatment of cancerous cells with histone deacetylase (HDACs) inhibitors prior to treatment with topoisomerase inhibitors have shown synergistic anti-tumor effects. The promising results of such combination therapies have led to the development of a novel class of multitarget hybrid inhibitors that are designed by merging the scaffolds of topoisomerase and HDAC inhibitors, which consequently inhibit both classes of cancer-inducing targets simultaneously. These multitarget hybrids also have pharmacokinetic advantages over the traditional combinatorial approach, which struggles with disadvantages like maintaining optimum concentrations of multiple toxic drugs, which in turn leads to enhanced toxicity and other side-effects associated with the multiple drugs administered. Binding modes of some Top-HDAC hybrids have been predicted with the help of molecular docking in order to understand the binding of such hybrids with their target receptors and to identify the structural determinants responsible for their synergistic anti-tumor effect. Extra precision docking of Top1-HDAC and Top2-HDAC hybrid inhibitors has been carried out with Top1-DNA, Top2-DNA, HDAC1 and HDAC6 receptor structures. A detailed analysis of the molecular interactions of the hybrids with the target receptor binding sites has been undertaken and their predicted binding modes have been compared with the crystal binding modes of their component drugs. An explanation for the apparent selectivity of the hybrids towards HDAC6 has also been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kashyap
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , New Delhi , 110007 , Delhi , India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , New Delhi , 110007 , Delhi , India
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Sundy JS, Otipoby KL, Higginson-Scott N, Visweswaraiah J, Sampson E, Kis-Toth K, Monsef A, Petaipimol P, Essayan D, Cosenza ME, Kakkar R, Viney J. AB0282 SAFETY, TOLERABILITY AND SELECTIVE EXPANSION OF REGULATORY T CELLS BY A SINGLE DOSE OF THE NOVEL IL-2 MUTEIN PT101 IN A PHASE 1 STUDY IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Activation and expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been proposed as a strategy to treat autoimmunity. When administered in low doses, IL-2 expands and activates Tregs leading to clinical response in several autoimmune diseases. However, the narrow therapeutic window of IL-2 results in loss of selectivity for Tregs and concurrent activation of conventional T cells (Tconv) and NK cells, limiting its clinical utility. This loss of selectivity may negate the clinical benefit of Treg activation and lead to dose-limiting side effects. PT101 is a novel engineered variant of IL-2 fused to an Fc protein backbone which in preclinical studies selectively activates Tregs without expanding Tconv or NK cells. PT101 is in clinical development for the treatment of patients with autoimmune diseases.Objectives:To assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of PT101 after a single dose in healthy human volunteers.Methods:We conducted a randomized, double-blind, single-ascending dose trial of PT101 or placebo (3:1 allocation). Five dose levels from 1 mg to 10 mg were administered by subcutaneous injection. Adverse events, physical examination findings, and clinical laboratory results were assessed for 29 days. Serum PT101 levels and antidrug antibody were assessed. Changes in mononuclear cell populations were measured in peripheral blood by flow cytometry.Results:56 subjects were administered PT101 or placebo. All subjects completed the study. There were no deaths, serious adverse events, dose limiting toxicities, or clinically significant changes in vital sign, ECG, or laboratory results. All adverse events were Grade 1 or 2 and self-limited. Injection site reactions were the most common adverse event. Transient increases in eosinophil counts were observed in some subjects, consistent with the known class effect of IL-2. Peak levels of PT101 occurred 11.0 to 14.6 hours after administration, and declined with a mean half-life of 20.4 to 28.3 hours, demonstrating linear exposure through the dose range. No anti-drug antibodies were induced. PT101 caused dose-related expansion of Tregs that plateaued at doses between 3.5 and 10 mg. Mean maximum expansion above baseline was 3.6-fold for total Tregs and 72.5-fold for the CD25bright subset of Tregs. Maximal expansion was observed by Day 8-10 with a return toward baseline by Day 29. Over 80% of subjects achieved a 2-fold or greater expansion of total Tregs (Table 1). No significant expansion of Tconv or NK cells was observed at any dose level.Table 1.Percent Total Treg RespondersFold Change Total TregsPlacebo(n=14)1 mg(n=6)3.5 mg(n=12)5 mg(n=12)7.5 mg(n=6)10 mg(n=6)≥ 2X7%33%83%83%100%100%≥ 3X0%0%58%75%33%50%≥ 4X0%0%24%42%33%17%Conclusion:PT101 was safe and well tolerated after a single dose in healthy volunteers. Marked expansion of both total Treg and CD25bright Treg cells was observed. High selectivity for Tregs was observed with no significant expansion of pro-inflammatory Tconv and NK cells even at the highest dose studied. These results support the therapeutic potential of PT101 in planned multiple dose studies in systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, and other autoimmune diseases.References:[1]Klatzmann, D., Abbas, A. The promise of low-dose interleukin-2 therapy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 15, 283–294 (2015)Acknowledgements:Pandion Therapeutics acknowledges the participants and research staff who contributed to this clinical trialDisclosure of Interests:John S Sundy Shareholder of: Pandion Therapeutics, Employee of: Pandion Therapeutics, Kevin L. Otipoby Shareholder of: Pandion Therapeutics, Employee of: Pandion Therapeutics, Nathan Higginson-Scott Shareholder of: Pandion Therapeutics, Employee of: Pandion Therapeutics, Jyothsna Visweswaraiah Shareholder of: Pandion Therapeutics, Employee of: Pandion Therapeutics, Erik Sampson Shareholder of: Pandion Therapeutics, Employee of: Pandion Therapeutics, Katalin Kis-Toth Shareholder of: Pandion Therapeutics, Employee of: Pandion Therapeutics, Adrianne Monsef Shareholder of: Pandion Therapeutics, Employee of: Pandion Therapeutics, Parika Petaipimol Shareholder of: Pandion Therapeutics, Employee of: Pandion Therapeutics, David Essayan Consultant of: Pandion Therapeutics, Mary Ellen Cosenza Consultant of: Pandion Therapeutics, Rahul Kakkar Shareholder of: Pandion Therapeutics, Employee of: Pandion Therapeutics, Jo Viney Shareholder of: Pandion Therapeutics, Employee of: Pandion Therapeutics
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Affiliation(s)
- Shougaijam Premila Devi
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Ankit Mittal
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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Kumar R, Yadav N, Leekha A, Bawa R, Gahlyan P, Bhandari M, Arora R, Kamra Verma A, Kakkar R. Novel 1‐Triazolylpyranopyrazoles as Highly Potent Anticancer Agents Obtained
via
MW‐Assisted Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Neha Yadav
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Ankita Leekha
- Nano Biotech Laboratory Department of Zoology Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Rashim Bawa
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Parveen Gahlyan
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Mamta Bhandari
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Ritu Arora
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Anita Kamra Verma
- Nano Biotech Laboratory Department of Zoology Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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Mandeep, Gulati A, Jogender, Kakkar R. DFT study of carbaryl pesticide adsorption on vacancy and nitrogen-doped graphene decorated with platinum clusters. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mittal A, Kakkar R. The effect of solvent polarity on the antioxidant potential of echinatin, a retrochalcone, towards various ROS: a DFT thermodynamic study. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:777-786. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1849670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Mittal
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Chahal V, Nirwan S, Pathak M, Kakkar R. Identification of potent human carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors: a combination of pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR, virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4516-4531. [PMID: 33317405 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1860132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCA IX) is a promising target for the development of potential anticancer agents. In the current study, pharmacophore and 3D-QSAR models have been developed using SLC-0111 derivatives. The developed models have been further utilized for the virtual screening process to develop potent hCA IX inhibitors. Thirteen different models have been developed by employing various combinations of training and test set molecules. Based on this, a model, AADDR.135, comprising two H-bond acceptors, two H-bond donors and one aromatic ring, has been found as the best QSAR model. The proposed model exhibits high robustness (R2 = 0.9789), with good predictive ability (Q2 = 0.6872). An external library of drug-like compounds (∼10000 molecules) imported from the ZINC15 database has been screened over the model AADDR.135. In total, 1601 compounds were obtained as hits. Molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the obtained hits and, based on these computations, two unique molecules have been identified as potential hCA IX inhibitors. These show higher binding energies compared to the parent molecule and its most potent analogue.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Chahal
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Nirwan
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mallika Pathak
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Jogender, Badhani B, Mandeep, Kakkar R. A DFT-D2 study on the adsorption of phosgene derivatives and chloromethyl chloroformate on pristine and Fe4-decorated graphene. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 101:107754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Gulati A, Malik J, Mandeep, Kakkar R. Peanut shell biotemplate to fabricate porous magnetic Co3O4 coral reef and its catalytic properties for p-nitrophenol reduction and oxidative dye degradation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Chahal V, Nirwan S, Kakkar R. A comparative study of the binding modes of SLC-0111 and its analogues in the hCA II and hCA IX active sites using QM/MM, molecular docking, MM-GBSA and MD approaches. Biophys Chem 2020; 265:106439. [PMID: 32738591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase IX (hCA IX) is over-expressed in many tumor types and serves as an important target for the discovery of novel anticancer agents. However, development of compounds that can selectively inhibit hCA IX over its widespread cytosolic isoform human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) is a major challenge. This work focuses on recognizing the structural features of the hCA IX receptor that could help in achieving its selective inhibition. Tools such as protein structure alignment, rigid as well as flexible docking, QM/MM calculations and molecular dynamics simulations on SLC-0111, a selective hCA IX inhibitor, in complexation with each receptor, have been used to differentiate the receptor-ligand interactions in the two complexes. It is found that the ligand shows better binding to hCA IX due to stronger coordination to the Zn (II) ion. The ligand provides bidentate coordination through its negatively charged nitrogen and an oxygen of the sulfonamide zinc binding group. Binding energy calculations show that the potency of this ligand is due to the hydrophobic contacts, whereas the selectivity is due to the electrostatic interactions. Molecular docking and binding energy calculations for three different series of SLC-0111 analogs have identified a few molecules that show high potency and selectivity toward hCA IX. It is found that both hydrophobic and polar contacts contribute to the potency and selectivity of the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Chahal
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sonam Nirwan
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Kashyap K, Kakkar R. Pharmacophore-enabled virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies for identification of potent and selective histone deacetylase 8 inhibitors. Comput Biol Med 2020; 123:103850. [PMID: 32658783 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play important roles in various biological processes, but are also notorious for their over-expression in numerous cancers and neurological disorders. Therefore, the development of isoform selective HDAC inhibitors is crucial in order to prevent any side effects of pan inhibition. This work focuses on identifying novel inhibitors for the selective inhibition of HDAC8, an isoform implicated in fatal diseases like T-cell lymphoma, colon cancer and childhood neuroblastoma. Virtual screening of the 'In-trials' subset of ZINC database has been carried out with the help of two pharmacophore models signifying potent and selective HDAC8 inhibition. A detailed molecular docking strategy, followed by molecular dynamics simulations and post-scoring with MM-GBSA calculations, has led to the identification of six promising molecules that have excellent binding with the HDAC8 active site. In order to establish the selectivity profile of these molecules, their binding to off-target HDAC isoforms has also been evaluated. Substitution analyses of the proposed inhibitors suggest that aromatic substituents that access the adjacent hydrophobic pocket of the HDAC8 active site have the potential to further enhance the HDAC8 selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kashyap
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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21
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Jogender, Mandeep, Badhani B, Kakkar R. Adsorption of methyl isocyanate on M4 (M=Fe, Ni, and Cu) cluster-decorated graphene and vacancy graphene: a DFT-D2 study. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Mittal A, Kakkar R. Nitric Oxide Synthases and Their Inhibitors: A Review. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190222154457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO), an important biological mediator, is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems in mammals. Synthesis of NO is catalyzed by its biosynthetic enzyme, Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS). There are three main isoforms of the enzyme, neuronal NOS, endothelial NOS and inducible NOS, which have very similar structures but differ in their expression and activities. NO is produced in the active site of the enzyme in two distinct cycles from oxidation of the substrate L-arg (L-arginine) in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reaction. NOS has gained considerable attention of biochemists due to its complexity and unique catalytic mechanism. The review focuses on NOS structure, its function and catalytic reaction mechanism. In particular, the review is concluded with a discussion on the role of all three isoforms of NOS in physiological and pathological conditions and their inhibitors with a focus on the role of computational techniques in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Mittal
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Nagpal M, Kakkar R. Facile synthesis of mesoporous magnesium oxide–graphene oxide composite for efficient and highly selective adsorption of hazardous anionic dyes. Res Chem Intermed 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nirwan S, Chahal V, Kakkar R. Structure-based virtual screening, free energy of binding and molecular dynamics simulations to propose novel inhibitors of Mtb-MurB oxidoreductase enzyme. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:656-671. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1712258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Nirwan
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Varun Chahal
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Nagpal M, Kakkar R. Adsorptive Degradation of Phosmet Using Hierarchically Porous Calcium Oxide : An Experimental and Theoretical Study. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mudita Nagpal
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi- 110 007 India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi- 110 007 India
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Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a widely popular class of epigenetic regulators, second only in importance to DNA methyltransferases. They are responsible for deacetylating the lysine residues of a wide range of proteins, both nuclear and cytoplasmic. Therefore, deregulated HDAC activity is implicated in disruption of important biological functions leading to cancerous, neuropathological, infectious and inflammatory diseased states. The current therapeutic strategies aimed at combating HDAC related pathologies consist of pan HDAC inhibitors that target multiple HDAC isoforms. Many side-effects of such therapeutics have been reported due to off-target effects. Hence, efforts need to be focused towards developing therapeutics targeting single isoforms. This work aims at recognizing structural features, both of receptors and inhibitors, that would help achieve selective inhibition of HDAC isoforms. Protein alignment studies have been carried out to define the receptor structure differences that can be exploited for this purpose. Binding modes of highly isoform selective inhibitors have been established through molecular docking studies to characterize the receptor-ligand interactions responsible for selective inhibition. This information is represented with the help of pharmacophore models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kashyap
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Chahal V, Nirwan S, Kakkar R. Combined approach of homology modeling, molecular dynamics, and docking: computer-aided drug discovery. Physical Sciences Reviews 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With the continuous development in software, algorithms, and increase in computer speed, the field of computer-aided drug design has been witnessing reduction in the time and cost of the drug designing process. Structure based drug design (SBDD), which is based on the 3D structure of the enzyme, is helping in proposing novel inhibitors. Although a number of crystal structures are available in various repositories, there are various proteins whose experimental crystallization is difficult. In such cases, homology modeling, along with the combined application of MD and docking, helps in establishing a reliable 3D structure that can be used for SBDD. In this review, we have reported recent works, which have employed these three techniques for generating structures and further proposing novel inhibitors, for cytoplasmic proteins, membrane proteins, and metal containing proteins. Also, we have discussed these techniques in brief in terms of the theory involved and the various software employed. Hence, this review can give a brief idea about using these tools specifically for a particular problem.
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Tan Z, Sharma L, Kakkar R, Meng T, Jiang Y, Cao M. Arousing the Reactive Fe Sites in Pyrite (FeS2) via Integration of Electronic Structure Reconfiguration and in Situ Electrochemical Topotactic Transformation for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7615-7627. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lekha Sharma
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Tao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Minhua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep
- Computational Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi- 110007 India
| | - Lekha Sharma
- Computational Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi- 110007 India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi- 110007 India
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32
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Sharma A, Yadav A, Gupta N, Sharma S, Kakkar R, Cwiklinski K, Quaye E, Mahajan SD, Schwartz SA, Kumar Sharma R. Multifunctional mesoporous curcumin encapsulated iron-phenanthroline nanocluster: A new Anti-HIV agent. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 180:289-297. [PMID: 31071568 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy to encapsulating the drug curcumin into the hydrophobic core of the iron-phenanthroline nanocomplex (NIP) and eventually its release is signified. NIP was prepared via coordinate interaction between Fe2+ and the lone pairs present on the N atoms of the bidentate phenanthroline ligand (spherical morphology, diameter 18.8 nm, mesoporous with pore size 2.443 nm, amorphous). Thereafter, curcumin was successfully encapsulated (NCIP) in NIP, resulting in its enhanced stability (spherical morphology, diameter 46.8 nm). The nanocomplex NIP was used for drug delivery applications. We evaluated the anti-HIV effects of NCIP in vitro on cultures of HIV infected human microglia. The treatment of HIV-1 infected microglia with NCIP significantly decreased the expression of HIV-p24 by 41% and pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-8 and NO by 61.2%, 41% and 50.2%, respectively, compared to NIP. Flow cytometry data also support the decrease in TNF-α and IL-8 expression in case of NCIP. NCIP induced antioxidative effects by increasing the gene expression of catalase (CAT) and simulatenously decreasing hemeoxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) gene expression, thereby maintaining homeostasis which reduces neuroinflammation. These results support our premise that NCIP may be a significant adjuvant when used with traditional anti-retroviral regimens and may ameliorate HIV-1 associated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Research Lab, University of Delhi, India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Research Lab, University of Delhi, India
| | - Nikesh Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Research Lab, University of Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Research Lab, University of Delhi, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, Computational chemistry Lab, University of Delhi, India
| | - Katherine Cwiklinski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Quaye
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Supriya D Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Stanley A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Research Lab, University of Delhi, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Arora
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kriti Kashyap
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anshika Mittal
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Nirwan
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Varun Chahal
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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35
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Mittal A, Arora R, Kakkar R. Pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies of quinazolines and aminopyridines as selective inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Theor Comput Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633619500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacophore modeling and 3D-Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (3D-QSAR) studies have been performed on a dataset of thirty-two quinazoline and aminopyridine derivatives to get an insight into the important structural features required for binding to inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). A four-point CPH (Common Pharmacophore Hypothesis), AHPR.29, with a hydrogen bond acceptor, hydrophobic group, positively charged ionizable group and an aromatic ring, has been obtained as the best pharmacophore model. Satisfactory statistical parameters of correlation ([Formula: see text]) and cross-validated ([Formula: see text]) correlation coefficients, 0.9288 and 0.6353, respectively, show high robustness and good predictive ability of our selected model. The contour maps have been developed from this model and the analysis has provided an interpretable explanation of the effect that various features and substituents have on the potency and selectivity of inhibitors towards iNOS. Docking studies have also been performed in order to analyze the interactions between the enzyme and the inhibitors. Our proposed model can thus be further used for screening a large database of compounds and design new iNOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Mittal
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Ritu Arora
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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36
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Varun, Sonam, Kakkar R. Isatin and its derivatives: a survey of recent syntheses, reactions, and applications. Medchemcomm 2019; 10:351-368. [PMID: 30996856 PMCID: PMC6438150 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00585k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) and its derivatives represent an important class of heterocyclic compounds that can be used as precursors for drug synthesis. Since its discovery, a lot of research work has been done regarding the synthesis, chemical properties, and biological and industrial applications of isatin. In this review, we have reported several novel methods for the synthesis of N-, C2-, and C3-substituted and spiro derivatives of isatin. The isatin moiety also shows important chemical reactions such as oxidation, ring expansion, Friedel-Crafts reaction and aldol condensation. These reactions, in turn, produce several biologically viable compounds like 2-oxindoles, tryptanthrin, indirubins, and many more. We have also summarized some recently reported biological activities exhibited by isatin derivatives, like anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic and others. Special attention has been paid to their anti-cancer activity, and various anti-cancer targets such as histone deacetylase, carbonic anhydrase, tyrosine kinase, and tubulin have been discussed in detail. Other applications of isatin derivatives, such as in the dye industry and in corrosion prevention, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , India .
| | - Sonam
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , India .
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , India .
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37
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Kashyap K, Kakkar R. An insight into selective and potent inhibition of histone deacetylase 8 through induced-fit docking, pharmacophore modeling and QSAR studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:48-65. [PMID: 30633630 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1567388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) has emerged as an important therapeutic target due to its involvement in various cancerous and neurodegenerative disease states. Since pan HDAC inhibition has been linked to various side effects, the need of the hour is to develop inhibitors truly selective for one isoform. This work attempts to explore the structural basis of selective HDAC8 inhibition by docking, pharmacophore and 3 D QSAR studies of 53 highly potent and highly selective triazol-based hydroxamic acid inhibitors. The binding modes of these novel inhibitors have been explored via Glide XP (Extra Precision) and induced-fit docking (IFD) strategies. The IFD poses of highly active and selective inhibitors showed conformational changes in active site residues like Trp141, Phe152 and Phe208, which were further verified by molecular dynamics simulations. A new CH-π interaction, which is atypical of HDAC inhibitors, was also observed in case of some highly selective inhibitors. Two pharmacophore models have been proposed; one highlights the structural basis of potency of these inhibitors and the other focuses on the selectivity. The corresponding QSAR models, obtained from alignment of the inhibitors as per the proposed pharmacophore models, are highly statistically significant. These models highlight the importance of size of the hydrophobic and aromatic groups present in the inhibitors and their contribution to activity of the inhibitors. The ADMET properties of the ligand library have also been analyzed and the predicted descriptors have been correlated with activity using principal components analysis to gain insight into the effect of pharmacokinetic properties on the activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kashyap
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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39
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Arora R, Issar U, Kakkar R. Identification of novel urease inhibitors: pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:4312-4326. [PMID: 30580662 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1546620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacophore modeling and atom-based three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) have been developed on N-acylglycino- and hippurohydroxamic acid derivatives, which are known potential inhibitors of urease. This is followed by virtual screening and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) studies on a large library of known drugs in order to get lead molecules as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors. A suitable three-featured pharmacophore model comprising one H-bond acceptor and two H-bond donor features (ADD.10) has been found to be the best QSAR model. An external library of compounds (∼3000 molecules), pre-filtered using Lipinski's rule of five, has been further screened using the pharmacophore model ADD.10. By analyzing the fitness of the hits with respect to the pharmacophore model and their binding interaction inside the urease active site, four molecules have been predicted to be extremely good urease inhibitors. Two of these have significant potential and should be taken up for further drug-designing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Arora
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Upasana Issar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi , India
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41
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Abstract
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly porous crystalline materials, consisting of metal ions linked together with organic bridging ligands, exhibiting high surface areas. Lately, they have been utilized for gas sorption, storage, sensing, drug delivery, etc. The chemistry of MOFs is expanding with an extraordinary speed, constituting both theoretical and experimental research, and MOFs have proved to be promising candidates so far. In this work, we have reviewed the density functional theory studies of MOFs in the adsorption and separation of the greenhouse gas, CO2, as well as the storage efficiencies for fuel gases like H2, CH4 and C2H2. The role of organic ligands, doping with other metal ions and functional groups, open metal sites and hybrid MOFs have been reviewed in brief.
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Radhika NP, Selvin R, Kakkar R, Roselin LS. Nanocrystalline Hierarchical ZSM-5: An Efficient Catalyst for the Alkylation of Phenol with Cyclohexene. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2018; 18:5404-5413. [PMID: 29458592 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, authors report the synthesis of nanocrystalline hierarchical zeolite ZSM-5 and its application as a heterogeneous catalyst in the alkylation of phenol with cyclohexene. The catalyst was synthesized by vacuum-concentration coupled hydrothermal technique in the presence of two templates. This synthetic route could successfully introduce pores of higher hierarchy in the zeolite ZSM-5 structure. Hierarchical ZSM-5 could catalyse effectively the industrially important reaction of cyclohexene with phenol. We ascribe the high efficiency of the catalyst to its conducive structural features such as nanoscale size, high surface area, presence of hierarchy of pores and existence of Lewis sites along with Brønsted acid sites. The effect of various reaction parameters like duration, catalyst amount, reactant mole ratio and temperature were assessed. Under optimum reaction conditions, the catalyst showed up to 65% selectivity towards the major product, cyclohexyl phenyl ether. There was no discernible decline in percent conversion or selectivity even when the catalyst was re-used for up to four runs. Kinetic studies were done through regression analysis and a mechanistic route based on LHHW model was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Radhika
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rosilda Selvin
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Ka (W), Mumbai 400070, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - L Selva Roselin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
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Jain R, Gahlyan P, Dwivedi S, Konwar R, Kumar S, Bhandari M, Arora R, Kakkar R, Kumar R, Prasad AK. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of 1
H
‐1,2,3‐Triazol‐4‐yl‐methyl Tethered 3‐Pyrrolylisatins as Potent Anti‐Breast Cancer Agents. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Jain
- Department of ChemistryS.B.S.S. College Begusarai, Bihar-851101 India
- Bioorganic LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| | - Parveen Gahlyan
- Bioorganic LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| | - Sonam Dwivedi
- Division of EndocrinologyCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute-Lucknow, 10/1, Jankipuram Extension Uttar Pradesh-226031 India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- Division of EndocrinologyCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute-Lucknow, 10/1, Jankipuram Extension Uttar Pradesh-226031 India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of EndocrinologyCSIR-Central Drug Research Institute-Lucknow, 10/1, Jankipuram Extension Uttar Pradesh-226031 India
| | - Mamta Bhandari
- Computational Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| | - Ritu Arora
- Computational Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Computational Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Bioorganic LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| | - Ashok K. Prasad
- Bioorganic LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
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Pathak M, Ojha H, Tiwari AK, Sharma D, Saini M, Kakkar R. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of antimalarial activity of new derivatives of 2,4,6-s-triazine. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:132. [PMID: 29256159 PMCID: PMC5735044 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an important enzyme for de novo synthesis of nucleotides in Plasmodium falciparum and it is essential for cell proliferation. DHFR is a well known antimalarial target for drugs like cycloguanil and pyrimethamine which target its inhibition for their pharmacological actions. However, the clinical efficacies of these antimalarial drugs have been compromising due to multiple mutations occurring in DHFR that lead to drug resistance. In this background, we have designed 22 s -triazine compounds using the best five parameters based 3D-QSAR model built by using genetic function approximation. In-silico designed compounds were further filtered to 6 compounds based upon their ADME properties, docking studies and predicted minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Out of 6 compounds, 3 compounds were synthesized in good yield over 95% and characterized using IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Parasitemia inhibition assay was used to evaluate the antimalarial activity of s -triazine compounds against 3D7 strain of P. falciparum. All the three compounds (7, 13 and 18) showed 30 times higher potency than cycloguanil (standard drug). It was observed that compound 18 was the most active while the compound 13 was the least active. On the closer inspection of physicochemical properties and SAR, it was observed that the presence of electron donating groups, number of hydrogen bond formation, lipophilicity of ligands and coulson charge of nitrogen atom present in the triazine ring enhances the DHFR inhibition significantly. This study will contribute to further endeavours of more potent DHFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Himanshu Ojha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India. .,Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Anjani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Manisha Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Sharma L, Kakkar R. Hierarchical Porous Magnesium Oxide (Hr-MgO) Microspheres for Adsorption of an Organophosphate Pesticide: Kinetics, Isotherm, Thermodynamics, and DFT Studies. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:38629-38642. [PMID: 29027786 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hierarchical porous magnesium oxide (Hr-MgO) microspheres have been fabricated from a hydromagnesite precursor via a facile precipitation method followed by calcination. The Hr-MgO microspheres consist of several nanosheet building blocks that generate a flowerlike architecture. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a persistent organic pollutant, has been chosen as a model organophosphate pesticide to determine the adsorptive capacities of the fabricated Hr-MgO. The equilibrium adsorption data fits well with the Langmuir isotherm model, showing a maximum adsorption capacity of 3974 mg g-1, which is the highest value to date. Both kinetic as well as thermodynamic parameters reveal the spontaneous, exothermic, and pseudo-second-order nature of the adsorption process due to chemisorption between the pesticide and the adsorbent. Density functional theory studies suggest the importance of hydroxylation on the MgO surface for the successful destructive adsorption, which takes place via the cleavage of S═P and Cl-C bonds resulting in the fragmentation of CPF, which is in good agreement with Fourier transform infrared and mass spectrometric studies. The present study shows the potential use of hierarchically structured porous MgO microspheres as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of CPF pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi 110007, India
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Issar U, Kumari T, Arora R, Kakkar R. Conformational properties of DNA minor groove binder Hoechst 33258 in gas phase and in aqueous solution. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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