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Chin EZ, Chang WJ, Tan HY, Liew SY, Lau YL, Ng YL, Nafiah MA, Kurz T, Tan SP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of hydantoin derivatives as potent antiplasmodial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 103:129701. [PMID: 38484804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Malaria, a devastating disease, has claimed numerous lives and caused considerable suffering, with young children and pregnant women being the most severely affected group. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium and the adverse side effects associated with existing antimalarial drugs underscore the urgent need for the development of novel, well-tolerated, and more efficient drugs to combat this global health threat. To address these challenges, six new hydantoins derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Notably, compound 2c exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against the tested Pf3D7 strain, with an IC50 value of 3.97 ± 0.01 nM, three-fold better than chloroquine. Following closely, compound 3b demonstrated an IC50 value of 27.52 ± 3.37 µM against the Pf3D7 strain in vitro. Additionally, all the hydantoins derivatives tested showed inactive against human MCR-5 cells, with an IC50 value exceeding 100 μM. In summary, the hydantoin derivative 2c emerges as a promising candidate for further exploration as an antiplasmodial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Zhen Chin
- Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Jin Chang
- Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Yin Tan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Liew
- Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Ling Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Ling Ng
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azlan Nafiah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr.1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Siow-Ping Tan
- Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Chakraborty S, Alam B, Biswas S. New insights of falcipain 2 structure from Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 590:145-151. [PMID: 34974303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malaria identifies as a tropical hallmark, conforming to the burgeoning notion of escalating drug resistance among virulent strains, with the burdensome Plasmodium falciparum under its wing. The cysteine protease Falcipain-2 (FP2) is released in the parasite's food vacuole in the trophozoite stage and contributes to disease progression through its hemoglobinase activity. In the present study, we have determined the crystal structure of FP2 from a drug resistant P. falciparum 3D7 strain. FP2-3D7 sequence has detected four amino acid variants, R12K, E14 N, P100T and G102D, in the mature domain of the protease, when compared with other reported structures. FP2-3D7 protease has been crystallized in the presence of two inhibitors E-64 and Iodoacetamide, which diffracted up to 3.5 Å and 3.4 Å respectively. Structural analyses of the mature domain helped unveil two solvent-exposed pockets with bound ligands where one is structurally homologous to the allosteric binding site of human Cathepsin-K and thus, could be exploited for designing allosteric modifiers of FP2. The structure has also revealed (poly)ethylene glycol molecules along the catalytic cleft, providing interesting insights for exploring FP2 as a chemotherapeutic target and for PEGylation in drug delivery. The side-chains of P2 and P3 residues of E-64 also adopt different rotamer conformations, compared with previously reported structure, emphasizing strain-specific multiple binding-modes of active-site targeted inhibitors. Docking studies, along with normal mode analyses, highlight the mode of hemoglobin binding and the active/inactive switch in hemoglobinase activity, conjecturing the formation of a stable dimeric state with a symmetry related copy in crystal packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhoja Chakraborty
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Benazir Alam
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Sampa Biswas
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, 700064, India.
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Matsa R, Makam P, Kaushik M, Hoti SL, Kannan T. Thiosemicarbazone derivatives: Design, synthesis and in vitro antimalarial activity studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 137:104986. [PMID: 31283946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Different types of thiosemicarbazone derivatives were designed and tested for their Drug-Like Molecular (DLM) nature by using Lipinski and Veber rules. Subsequently, compounds with DLM properties were synthesized and characterized by spectral methods. In vitro antimalarial activity studies of the synthesized thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been carried out against Plasmodium falciparum, 3D7 strain using fluorescence assay method and found that the compounds, (E)-2-(1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (6), (E)-2-(1-(3-bromophenyl) ethylidene) hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (15) and (E)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene) hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (29) showed notable antimalarial activity with EC50 values of 13.54 μM, 15.83 μM and 14.52 μM respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkishore Matsa
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Parameshwar Makam
- Chemical Science Research Group, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, India
| | - Meenakshi Kaushik
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590 010, India
| | - S L Hoti
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590 010, India
| | - Tharanikkarasu Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605 014, India.
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4
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Pathak M, Ojha H, Tiwari AK, Sharma D, Saini M, Kakkar R. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of antimalarial activity of new derivatives of 2,4,6-s-triazine. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:132. [PMID: 29256159 PMCID: PMC5735044 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an important enzyme for de novo synthesis of nucleotides in Plasmodium falciparum and it is essential for cell proliferation. DHFR is a well known antimalarial target for drugs like cycloguanil and pyrimethamine which target its inhibition for their pharmacological actions. However, the clinical efficacies of these antimalarial drugs have been compromising due to multiple mutations occurring in DHFR that lead to drug resistance. In this background, we have designed 22 s -triazine compounds using the best five parameters based 3D-QSAR model built by using genetic function approximation. In-silico designed compounds were further filtered to 6 compounds based upon their ADME properties, docking studies and predicted minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Out of 6 compounds, 3 compounds were synthesized in good yield over 95% and characterized using IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Parasitemia inhibition assay was used to evaluate the antimalarial activity of s -triazine compounds against 3D7 strain of P. falciparum. All the three compounds (7, 13 and 18) showed 30 times higher potency than cycloguanil (standard drug). It was observed that compound 18 was the most active while the compound 13 was the least active. On the closer inspection of physicochemical properties and SAR, it was observed that the presence of electron donating groups, number of hydrogen bond formation, lipophilicity of ligands and coulson charge of nitrogen atom present in the triazine ring enhances the DHFR inhibition significantly. This study will contribute to further endeavours of more potent DHFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Himanshu Ojha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India. .,Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Anjani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Manisha Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Srivastava K, Agarwal P, Soni A, Puri SK. Correlation between in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of compounds using CQ-sensitive and CQ-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum and CQ-resistant strain of P. yoelii. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1849-1854. [PMID: 28502016 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Present efforts have been made to establish a correlation between in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity using MIC, IC50 and IC90 values against CQ-sensitive (3D7) and CQ-resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo activity against Plasmodium yoelii. The method of discriminant function analysis (DFA) was applied to analyze the data. It was observed that in vitro IC90 values against both 3D7 and K1 strains (p < 0.001) have strong correlation with in vivo curative activity. The respective IC50 and IC90 values of compounds, which cured mice (i.e., animals did not show recrudescence of parasitemia even after 60 days posttreatment), ranged between 3 and 14 nM and 14 and 186 nM against 3D7 and between 9 and 65 nM and 24 and 359 nM against the K1 strain of P. falciparum. Whereas the IC50 and IC90 values of compounds which exhibited in vivo suppressive activity in mice ranged between 10 and 307 nm and 61 and >965 nM, respectively, against 3D7 and 75 and >806 nm and 241 and >1232 nM against the K1 strain of P. falciparum. The findings suggest that IC90 values against both 3D7 and K1 strains (p < 0.02) are the main contributors for the prediction of in vivo curative activity of a new molecule. Apart from this, a reasonable correlation between MIC and IC50 values of compounds has also been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumkum Srivastava
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sect-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Pooja Agarwal
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sect-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Awakash Soni
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sect-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - S K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sect-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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Ramazani A, Khosravani B, Taran J, Ramazani A. Evaluation of Novel α-(Acyloxy)-α-(Quinolin-4-yl) Acetamides as Antiplasmodial Agents. Iran J Pharm Res 2017; 16:924-928. [PMID: 29201083 PMCID: PMC5610748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Because of expanding resistance to efficient and affordable antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, the search is continuing for more effective drugs against this disease. In-vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of α-(acyloxy)-α-(quinolin-4-yl) acetamides on Plasmodiumfalciparum and structure-activity relationships of this new class of Passerini adducts is described. The in-vitro antiplasmodial activity of compounds was tested against chloroquine sensitive 3D7 strain. Toxicity of active compounds was investigated on HepG2 cell line. Compounds 1, 20 and 22 showed significant antiplasmodial activity with IC50 value of 1.511, 1.373 and 1.325 µM, respectively. The active compounds did not show noticeable toxicity when tested against HepG2 cell line. The present results bring essential elements which will be used for the synthesis of more active derivatives of α-(acyloxy)-α-(quinolin-4-yl) acetamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ramazani
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. ,Corresponding author: E-mail: ,
| | - Behnam Khosravani
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Jafar Taran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.,Corresponding author: E-mail: ,
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