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Chin EZ, Chang WJ, Tan HY, Liew SY, Lau YL, Ng YL, Nafiah MA, Kurz T, Tan SP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of hydantoin derivatives as potent antiplasmodial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 103:129701. [PMID: 38484804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Malaria, a devastating disease, has claimed numerous lives and caused considerable suffering, with young children and pregnant women being the most severely affected group. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium and the adverse side effects associated with existing antimalarial drugs underscore the urgent need for the development of novel, well-tolerated, and more efficient drugs to combat this global health threat. To address these challenges, six new hydantoins derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Notably, compound 2c exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against the tested Pf3D7 strain, with an IC50 value of 3.97 ± 0.01 nM, three-fold better than chloroquine. Following closely, compound 3b demonstrated an IC50 value of 27.52 ± 3.37 µM against the Pf3D7 strain in vitro. Additionally, all the hydantoins derivatives tested showed inactive against human MCR-5 cells, with an IC50 value exceeding 100 μM. In summary, the hydantoin derivative 2c emerges as a promising candidate for further exploration as an antiplasmodial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Zhen Chin
- Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Jin Chang
- Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Yin Tan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Liew
- Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Ling Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee-Ling Ng
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azlan Nafiah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr.1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Siow-Ping Tan
- Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, 53000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Mohd Salleh H, Ablat A, Chong SL, Hazni H, Tohar N, Fauzi N, Wahab HA, Othman MA, Liew SY, Awang K. The protective effects of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome against fevers in rats. Naturwissenschaften 2024; 111:20. [PMID: 38558027 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes are traditionally used to treat fever, and the in vitro inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate extract from Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes (EAEZZR) against DENV2 NS2B/NS3 (two non-structural proteins, NS2 and NS3 of dengue virus type 2) has been reported earlier. This study was carried out to establish an acute toxicity profile and evaluate the anti-fever (anti-pyretic) activities of EAEZZR in yeast-induced fever in rats. The major compound of EAEZZR, zerumbone, was isolated using chromatographic methods including column chromatography (CC) and preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC). Additionally, the structure of zerumbone was elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography mass spectrometer-ion trap-time of flight (LCMS-IT-TOF), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The toxicity of EAEZZR was evaluated using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Test Guideline 425 (OECD tg-425) with minor modifications at concentrations EAEZZR of 2000 mg/kg, 3000 mg/kg, and 5000 mg/kg. Anti-fever effect was determined by yeast-induced fever (pyrexia) in rats. The acute toxicity study showed that EAEZZR is safe at the highest 5000 mg/kg body weight dose in Sprague Dawley rats. Rats treated with EAEZZR at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg exhibited a significant reduction in rectal temperature (TR) in the first 1 h. EAEZZR at the lower dose of 125 mg/kg showed substantial potency against yeast-induced fever for up to 2 h compared to 0 h in controls. A significant reduction of TR was observed in rats treated with standard drug aspirin in the third through fourth hours. Based on the present findings, ethyl acetate extract of Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes could be considered safe up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg, and the identification of active ingredients of Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes may allow their use in the treatment of fever with dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haslinda Mohd Salleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdulwali Ablat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon-Lim Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazrina Hazni
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsita Tohar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurulwahidah Fauzi
- Faculty of Quranic and Sunnah Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Habibah A Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Aqmal Othman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Liew
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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3
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Leong ST, Liew SY, Khaw KY, Ahmad Hassali H, Richomme P, Derbré S, Lee VS, Yahya R, Awang K. 13C NMR-based dereplication using MixONat software to decipher potent anti-cholinesterase compounds in Mesua lepidota bark. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106859. [PMID: 37742494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
A bio-assay guided fractionation strategy based on cholinesterase assay combined with 13C NMR-based dereplication was used to identify active metabolites from the bark of Mesua lepidota. Eight compounds were identified with the aid of the 13C NMR-based dereplication software, MixONat, i.e., sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), α-amyrin (3), friedelin (6), 3β-friedelinol (7), betulinic acid (9), lepidotol A (10) and lepidotol B (11). Further bio-assay guided isolation of active compounds afforded one xanthone, pyranojacareubin (12) and six coumarins; lepidotol A (10), lepidotol B (11), lepidotol E (13), lepidotin A (14), and lepidotin B (15), including a new Mammea coumarin, lepidotin C (16). All the metabolites showed strong to moderate butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition. Lepidotin B (15) exhibited the most potent inhibition towards BChE with a mix-mode inhibition profile and a Ki value of 1.03 µM. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations have revealed that lepidotin B (15) forms stable interactions with key residues within five critical regions of BChE. These regions encompass residues Asp70 and Tyr332, the acyl hydrophobic pocket marked by Leu286, the catalytic triad represented by Ser198 and His438, the oxyanion hole (OH) constituted by Gly116 and Gly117, and the choline binding site featuring Trp82. To gauge the binding strength of lepidotin B (15) and to pinpoint pivotal residues at the binding interface, free energy calculations were conducted using the Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) approach. This analysis not only predicted a favourable binding affinity for lepidotin B (15) but also facilitated the identification of significant residues crucial for the binding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sow Tein Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Liew
- Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hazlina Ahmad Hassali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Medical Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruzanna Yahya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Husna Hasnan MH, Sivasothy Y, Khaw KY, Nafiah MA, Hazni H, Litaudon M, Wan Ruzali WA, Liew SY, Awang K. N-Methyl Costaricine and Costaricine, Two Potent Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors from Alseodaphne pendulifolia Gamb. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10699. [PMID: 37445877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have been conducted over the last decade to identify secondary metabolites from plants, in particular those from the class of alkaloids, for the development of new anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) drugs. The genus Alseodaphne, comprising a wide range of alkaloids, is a promising source for the discovery of new cholinesterase inhibitors, the first-line treatment for AD. With regard to this, a phytochemical investigation of the dichloromethane extract of the bark of A. pendulifolia Gamb. was conducted. Repeated column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography led to the isolation of a new bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, N-methyl costaricine (1), together with costaricine (2), hernagine (3), N-methyl hernagine (4), corydine (5), and oxohernagine (6). Their structures were elucidated by the 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques and LCMS-IT-TOF analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were more-potent BChE inhibitors than galantamine with IC50 values of 3.51 ± 0.80 µM and 2.90 ± 0.56 µM, respectively. The Lineweaver-Burk plots of compounds 1 and 2 indicated they were mixed-mode inhibitors. Compounds 1 and 2 have the potential to be employed as lead compounds for the development of new drugs or medicinal supplements to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafiz Husna Hasnan
- Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yasodha Sivasothy
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azlan Nafiah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia
| | - Hazrina Hazni
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Wan Adriyani Wan Ruzali
- Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Liew
- Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Tan SP, Chang WJ, Liew SY. Synthesis of N,N-diethylaminopropylurea and Monosubstituted Urea Derivatives from Primary Amines and Potassium Cyanate. LETT ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178620666230330083659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract:
Urea derivatives are an important class of pharmacologically-active compounds due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with biological targets. Several synthetic pathways have been developed to access urea derivatives, such as the metal-free and metal-catalysed carbonylation reactions of amines and the Curtius, Hofmann, and Tiemann rearrangement reactions. This study aimed to synthesize urea derivatives from primary amines. The urea derivatives were synthesized from primary amines and potassium cyanate in 1M HCl aqueous solution under ambient conditions and were isolated, followed by characterization using FTIR, DSC, and NMR (1H and 13C). A new urea derivative, N, N-diethylaminopropylurea (6), together with N-phenylurea (1), para-tolylurea (2), ortho-methoxyphenylurea (3), para-methoxyphenylurea (4), N-benzylurea (5), and N-butylurea (7), was successfully synthesized under acidic conditions. This work presents the synthesis and characterization data of a newly-reported urea derivative, N, N-diethylaminopropylurea (6), and extends the substrate scope to basic side chains in the synthesis of urea derivatives from primary amines and potassium cyanate in water.
method:
Urea derivatives were synthesized from primary amines and potassium cyanate in 1M HCl aqueous solution under ambient conditions and were isolated followed by characterization using FTIR, DSC and NMR (1H and 13C).
other:
This work presents the synthesis and characterization data of a newly-reported urea derivative, N, N-diethylaminopropylurea (6), and extends the substrate scope to basic side chains in the synthesis of urea derivatives from primary amines and potassium cyanate in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siow-Ping Tan
- Tunku Abdul Rahman University College Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Physical Science. Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Wei-Jin Chang
- Tunku Abdul Rahman University College Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Physical Science. Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Liew
- University of Malaya Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science. Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cho KH, Tan SP, Tan HY, Liew SY, Nafiah MA. Morphinan Alkaloids from the Leaves of Alphonsea cylindrica and Their Antibacterial Properties. Planta Med 2023; 89:79-85. [PMID: 35288885 DOI: 10.1055/a-1797-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical study has been carried out on CH2Cl2 extract of Alphonsea cylindrica leaves, resulting in the isolation of three new morphinan alkaloids. They are kinomenine (1: ), N-methylkinomenine (2: ), and hydroxymethylkinomenine (3: ). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV, HRESIMS) and comparison with the data reported in literature for similar alkaloids. Kinomenine (1: ) and N-methylkinomenine (2: ) showed weak inhibition against S. aureus (MIC values of 1: and 2: = 500 µg/mL; pIC50 values in 95% C. I. of: 1: = 2.9 to 3.0; 2: = 2.9 to 3.1), while kinomenine (1: ) also showed weak inhibition against E. coli (MIC values of 1: = 500 µg/mL; pIC50 value in 95% C. I. of: 1: = 2.9) by broth microdilution method. The results obtained can be used as future referencefor the discovery of morphinans and the potential of A. cylindrica as an antibacterial source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Hau Cho
- Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siow-Ping Tan
- Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Yin Tan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Liew
- Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azlan Nafiah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
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Othman NA, Liew SY, Blanchard P, Derbré S, Chong SL, Ali AM, Awang K. (+)-Neocadambine A and (-)-nauclederine Isolated from the Bark of Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) as Natural Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) Inhibitors. SAINS MALAYS 2022. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2022-5106-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical study on the dichloromethane extract of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser has afforded two indole alkaloids, (+)-neocadambine A (1) and (-)-nauclederine (2). Their structures were confirmed by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparing with the reported data. (+)-Neocadambine A (1) and (-)-nauclederine (2) exhibited potent inhibition activity of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with IC50 values of 1.2 and 0.95 mM, respectively, while the latter was almost two times more potent than the standard, aminoguanidine (1.8 mM). This is the first report on the compounds isolated from this plant with AGEs inhibition activity. In addition, (-)-nauclederine (2) was isolated for the first time in the genus of Neolamarckia. Complete 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR of compound 2 were also reported.
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Lai Shi Min S, Liew SY, Chear NJY, Goh BH, Tan WN, Khaw KY. Plant Terpenoids as the Promising Source of Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Anti-AD Therapy. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11020307. [PMID: 35205173 PMCID: PMC8869317 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant-derived terpenes have been a research interest in the recent years, as they are believed to possess the ability to function as a cholinesterase inhibitor. As the deficit of cholinergic activity is one of the factors that causes cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease patients, it serves as a great therapeutic target. It has been found that various terpenoids, such as diterpenoids, triterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, do have the ability to inhibit cholinesterase activity, and their chemical structures do play a role in this. As terpenoids possess anti-cholinesterase properties, it is encouraged to have future research on drug discovery and development in treating Alzheimer’s disease. Abstract Plant-derived terpenes are the prolific source of modern drugs such as taxol, chloroquine and artemisinin, which are widely used to treat cancer and malaria infections. There are research interests in recent years on terpene-derived metabolites (diterpenes, triterpenes and sesquiterpenes), which are believed to serve as excellent cholinesterase inhibitors. As cholinesterase inhibitors are the current treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, terpene-derived metabolites will have the potential to be involved in the future drug development for Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, a bibliographic search was conducted by using the keywords “terpene”, “cholinesterase” and “Alzheimer’s disease”, along with cross-referencing from 2011 to 2020, to provide an overview of natural terpenes with potential anticholinesterase properties. This review focuses on the extraction, chemical structures and anti-cholinesterase mechanisms of terpenes, which support and encourage future research on drug discovery and development in treating Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Lai Shi Min
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Sook Yee Liew
- Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nelson Jeng Yeou Chear
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen-Nee Tan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.-N.T.); (K.Y.K.)
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (W.-N.T.); (K.Y.K.)
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Qureshi AK, Liew SY, Othman NA, Awang K. Phytochemical constituents from Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Sivasothy Y, Liew SY, Othman MA, Abdul Wahab SM, Hariono M, Mohd Nawi MS, Abdul Wahab H, Awang K. Natural DENV-2 NS2B/NS3 protease inhibitors from Myristica cinnamomea King. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:79-84. [PMID: 33973577 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.2.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The NS2B/NS3 protease is crucial for the pathogenesis of the DENV. Therefore, the inhibition of this protease is considered to be the key strategy for the development of new antiviral drugs. In the present study, malabaricones C (3) and E (4), acylphenols from the fruits of Myristica cinnamomea King, have been respectively identified as moderate (27.33 ± 5.45 μM) and potent (7.55 ± 1.64 μM) DENV-2 NS2B/NS3 protease inhibitors, thus making this the first report on the DENV-2 NS2B/NS3 protease inhibitory activity of acylphenols. Based on the molecular docking studies, compounds 3 and 4 both have π-π interactions with Tyr161. While compound 3 has hydrogen bonding interactions with Gly151, Gly153 and Tyr161, compound 4 however, forms hydrogen bonds with Ser135, Asp129, Phe130 and Ile86 instead. The results from the present study suggests that malabaricones C (3) and E (4) could be employed as lead compounds for the development of new dengue antivirals from natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sivasothy
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Y Liew
- Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M A Othman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S M Abdul Wahab
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Hariono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, 55284 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - M S Mohd Nawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - H Abdul Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - K Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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11
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Salleh HM, Chong SL, Othman R, Hazni H, Ahmad K, Mohd Yusof MYZ, Fauzi NW, Wahab HA, Liew SY, Awang K. Dengue protease inhibition activity of selected Malaysian medicinal herbs. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:357-366. [PMID: 33597396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is one of major health problem around the world including Malaysia. It is caused by the arthropode-borne flavivirus and transmitted by the bite of the Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquito infected with one of the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, or DENV-4). In this study, a screening exercise of various Malaysian medicinal plants showed that the extracts of Lawsonia inermis, Dryobalanops aromatica, Punica granatum, Zizyphus jujuba Lam. and Zingiber zerumbet exhibited potent inhibitory activity against NS2B-NS3 serine protease. The methanol extracts of Dryobalanops aromatica showed inhibition of 99.70 % at concentration of 200 µg/mL with IC50 value of 0.30 ± 0.16 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Salleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S-L Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Othman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H Hazni
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Ahmad
- Department of Al-Quran and Al-Hadith, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Y Z Mohd Yusof
- Department of Al-Quran and Al-Hadith, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N W Fauzi
- Faculty of Quranic and Sunnah Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - H A Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - S Y Liew
- Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Hematpoor A, Liew SY, Chong WL, Azirun MS, Lee VS, Awang K. Inhibition and Larvicidal Activity of Phenylpropanoids from Piper sarmentosum on Acetylcholinesterase against Mosquito Vectors and Their Binding Mode of Interaction. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155265. [PMID: 27152416 PMCID: PMC4859609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus are vectors of dengue fever and West Nile virus diseases. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity, mechanism of action and the binding interaction of three active phenylpropanoids from Piper sarmentosum (Piperaceae) toward late 3rd or early 4th larvae of above vectors. A bioassay guided-fractionation on the hexane extract from the roots of Piper sarmentosum led to the isolation and identification of three active phenylpropanoids; asaricin 1, isoasarone 2 and trans-asarone 3. The current study involved evaluation of the toxicity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition of these compounds against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Asaricin 1 and isoasarone 2 were highly potent against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae causing up to 100% mortality at ≤ 15 μg/mL concentration. The ovicidal activity of asaricin 1, isoasarone 2 and trans-asarone 3 were evaluated through egg hatching. Asaricin 1 and isoasarone 2 showed potent ovicidal activity. Ovicidal activity for both compounds was up to 95% at 25μg/mL. Asaricin 1 and isoasarone 2 showed strong inhibition on acetylcholinesterase with relative IC50 values of 0.73 to 1.87 μg/mL respectively. These findings coupled with the high AChE inhibition may suggest that asaricin 1 and isoasarone 2 are neuron toxic compounds toward Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. Further computational docking with Autodock Vina elaborates the possible interaction of asaricin 1 and isoasarone 2 with three possible binding sites of AChE which includes catalytic triads (CAS: S238, E367, H480), the peripheral sites (PAS: E72, W271) and anionic binding site (W83). The binding affinity of asaricin 1 and isoasarone 2 were relatively strong with asaricin 1 showed a higher binding affinity in the anionic pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshia Hematpoor
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Yee Liew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Lim Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sofian Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Abdullah NH, Thomas NF, Sivasothy Y, Lee VS, Liew SY, Noorbatcha IA, Awang K. Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Activity of Pentacylic Triterpenoids from Prismatomeris tetrandra (Roxb.) K. Schum: Isolation, Synthesis and QSAR Study. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:143. [PMID: 26907251 PMCID: PMC4783877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hyaluronidase degrades hyaluronic acid by the cleavage of the β-1,4-glycosidic bond furnishing a tetrasaccharide molecule as the main product which is a highly angiogenic and potent inducer of inflammatory cytokines. Ursolic acid 1, isolated from Prismatomeris tetrandra, was identified as having the potential to develop inhibitors of hyaluronidase. A series of ursolic acid analogues were either synthesized via structure modification of ursolic acid 1 or commercially obtained. The evaluation of the inhibitory activity of these compounds on the hyaluronidase enzyme was conducted. Several structural, topological and quantum chemical descriptors for these compounds were calculated using semi empirical quantum chemical methods. A quantitative structure activity relationship study (QSAR) was performed to correlate these descriptors with the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity. The statistical characteristics provided by the best multi linear model (BML) (R² = 0.9717, R²cv = 0.9506) indicated satisfactory stability and predictive ability of the developed model. The in silico molecular docking study which was used to determine the binding interactions revealed that the ursolic acid analog 22 had a strong affinity towards human hyaluronidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hayati Abdullah
- Natural Product Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Malaysia.
| | - Noel Francis Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yasodha Sivasothy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sook Yee Liew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ibrahim Ali Noorbatcha
- BioProcess and Molecular Engineering Research Unit (BPMERU), Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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14
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Liew SY, Khaw KY, Murugaiyah V, Looi CY, Wong YL, Mustafa MR, Litaudon M, Awang K. Natural indole butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors from Nauclea officinalis. Phytomedicine 2015; 22:45-48. [PMID: 25636869 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nine monoterpenoid indole alkaloids; naucletine (1), angustidine (2), nauclefine (3), angustine (4), naucline (5), angustoline (6), harmane (7), 3,14-dihydroangustoline (8), strictosamide (9) and one quinoline alkaloid glycoside; pumiloside (10) from Nauclea officinalis were tested for cholinesterase inhibitory activity. All the alkaloids except for pumiloside (10) showed strong to weak BChE inhibitory effect with IC50 values ranging between 1.02-168.55 μM. Angustidine (2), nauclefine (3), angustine (4), angustoline (6) and harmane (7) showed higher BChE inhibiting potency compared to galanthamine. Angustidine (2) was the most potent inhibitor towards both AChE and BChE. Molecular docking (MD) studies showed that angustidine (2) docked deep into the bottom gorge of hBChE and formed hydrogen bonding with Ser 198 and His 438. Kinetic study of angustidine (2) on BChE suggested a mixed inhibition mode with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 6.12 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Yee Liew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi Li Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .
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15
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Liew SY, Looi CY, Paydar M, Cheah FK, Leong KH, Wong WF, Mustafa MR, Litaudon M, Awang K. Subditine, a new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid from bark of Nauclea subdita (Korth.) Steud. induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87286. [PMID: 24551054 PMCID: PMC3925085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new apoptotic monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, subditine (1), and four known compounds were isolated from the bark of Nauclea subdita. Complete (1)H- and (13)C- NMR data of the new compound were reported. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated with various spectroscopic methods such as 1D- and 2D- NMR, IR, UV and LCMS. All five compounds were screened for cytotoxic activities on LNCaP and PC-3 human prostate cancer cell-lines. Among the five compounds, the new alkaloid, subditine (1), demonstrated the most potent cell growth inhibition activity and selective against LNCaP with an IC50 of 12.24±0.19 µM and PC-3 with an IC50 of 13.97±0.32 µM, compared to RWPE human normal epithelial cell line (IC50 = 30.48±0.08 µM). Subditine (1) treatment induced apoptosis in LNCaP and PC-3 as evidenced by increased cell permeability, disruption of cytoskeletal structures and increased nuclear fragmentation. In addition, subditine (1) enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as reflected by increased expression of glutathione reductase (GR) to scavenge damaging free radicals in both prostate cancer cell-lines. Excessive ROS could lead to disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), release of cytochrome c and subsequent caspase 9, 3/7 activation. Further Western blot analyses showed subditine (1) induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression, whereas p53 was up-regulated in LNCaP (p53-wild-type), but not in PC-3 (p53-null). Overall, our data demonstrated that the new compound subditine (1) exerts anti-proliferative effect on LNCaP and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells through induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Yee Liew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammadjavad Paydar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Foo Kit Cheah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Hoong Leong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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16
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Liew SY, Mukhtar MR, Hadi AHA, Awang K, Mustafa MR, Zaima K, Morita H, Litaudon M. Naucline, a new indole alkaloid from the bark of Nauclea officinalis. Molecules 2012; 17:4028-36. [PMID: 22469596 PMCID: PMC6268295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A new indole alkaloid, naucline (1) together with four known alkaloids, angustine (2), angustidine (3), nauclefine (4) and naucletine (5), were isolated from the bark of Nauclea officinalis. The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated with various spectroscopic methods such as 1D- and 2D- NMR, IR, UV and LCMS-IT-TOF. In addition to that of alkaloid 1, the complete 13C-NMR data of naucletine (5) were also reported. Naucline (1) showed a moderate vasorelaxant activity (90% relaxation at 1 × 10−5 M) whereas, angustine (2), nauclefine (4), and naucletine (5) showed potent vasorelaxant activity (more than 90% relaxation at 1 × 10−5 M) on an isolated rat aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Yee Liew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (S.Y.L.); (A.H.A.H.)
| | - Mat Ropi Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (S.Y.L.); (A.H.A.H.)
| | - A. Hamid A. Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (S.Y.L.); (A.H.A.H.)
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (S.Y.L.); (A.H.A.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +603-7967-4064; Fax: +603-7967-4193
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Kazumasa Zaima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan;
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie de la Substances Naturelles, Centre Nationale de la Recherches Scientifique, 91198, Gif-sur Yvette, Cedex, France;
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17
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Liew SY, Mukhtar MR, Awang K, Mustafa MR, Ng SW. 1-(1-Hy-droxy-eth-yl)-7,8-dihydro-indolo[2,3-a]pyridine-[3,4-g]quinolizin-5(13H)-one (angustoline) monohydrate from Nauclea subdita (Rubiaceae). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1727-o1728. [PMID: 21837117 PMCID: PMC3151776 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811022768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
THE TITLE COMPOUND (TRIVIAL NAME: angustoline monohydrate), C(20)H(17)N(3)O(2)·H(2)O, features a fused-ring system formed by one five- and four six-membered rings. The nearly planar benzimidazole portion (r.m.s. deviation = 0.008 Å) and the nearly planar 2,7-naphthyridin-1-one portion (r.m.s. deviation = 0.022 Å) of the fused-ring system are slightly twisted, with a dihedral angle of 9.47 (8)°, owing to the tetra-hedral nature of the two methyl-ene linkages in the central six-membered ring. The secondary N atom acts as a hydrogen-bond donor to the water molecule of crystallization. In the crystal, the amino and hy-droxy groups, and the water mol-ecule are engaged in hydrogen bonding, generating a three-dimensional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Yee Liew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mat Ropi Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seik Weng Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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