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Saini R, Mishra RK, Kumar P. Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Using the Tinospora cordifolia Plant Extract: Exploring Its Potential for Methylene Blue Dye Degradation and Antibacterial Activity. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20304-20321. [PMID: 38737070 PMCID: PMC11080027 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Graphene has attracted significant attention recently due to its unique mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. The present study focuses on synthesizing green rGO using the Tinospora cordifolia plant extract by mixing it in a suspension of graphene oxide. The plant extract of T. cordifolia acts as a reducing agent and is cost-effective, renewable, and eco-friendly. Green-synthesized rGO (G-rGO) was characterized using FTIR, HR-SEM, EDX, and HR-XRD analyses. G-rGO consists of nanosheets with an average width of approximately 30 nm. G-rGO has a range of hydrodynamic radius (270-470) nm and an average ζ potential of -29.9 mV. Further, G-rGO was used as a nanoadsorbent for optimal exclusion of methylene blue (MB) dye using the response surface methodology (RSM). Adsorption results confirmed 94.85% MB dye removal with 58.81 mg g-1 adsorption capacity at optimum conditions. The G-rGO's antibacterial activity was also tested against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria, finding the exhibited zone of inhibition of 10, 11, and 15 mm and 10, 13, and 17 mm at 20, 40, and 80 μg mL-1 concentrations of G-rGO, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Saini
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh,India
| | - Ranjeet Kumar Mishra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute
of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh,India
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Utami M, Yenn TW, Alam MW, Ravindran B, Husniati, Purnama I, Salmahaminati, Hidayat H, Dhetaya FN, Salsabilla SN. Efficient photocatalytic bactericidal performance of green-synthesised TiO 2/reduced graphene oxide using banana peel extracts. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26636. [PMID: 38420369 PMCID: PMC10901103 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the fabrication of titanium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (TiO2/rGO) utilising banana peel extracts (Musa paradisiaca L.) as a reducing agent for the photoinactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was explored. The GO synthesis was conducted using a modified Tour method, whereas the production of rGO involved banana peel extracts through a reflux method. The integration of TiO2 into rGO was achieved via a hydrothermal process. The successful synthesis of TiO2/rGO was verified through various analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), gas sorption analysis (GSA), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The results indicated that the hydrothermal-assisted green synthesis effectively produced TiO2/rGO with a particle size of 60.5 nm. Compared with pure TiO2, TiO2/rGO demonstrated a reduced crystallite size (88.505 nm) and an enhanced surface area (22.664 m2/g). Moreover, TiO2/rGO featured a low direct bandgap energy (3.052 eV), leading to elevated electrical conductivity and superior photoconductivity. To evaluate the biological efficacy of TiO2/rGO, photoinactivation experiments targeting E. coli and S. aureus were conducted using the disc method. Sunlight irradiation emerged as the most effective catalyst, achieving optimal inactivation results within 6 and 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisari Utami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
| | - Tong Woei Yenn
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Mir Waqas Alam
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Husniati
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Indra Purnama
- Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lancang Kuning, Pekanbaru, 28266, Indonesia
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Lancang Kuning, Pekanbaru, 28266, Indonesia
| | - Salmahaminati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
| | - Habibi Hidayat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
| | - Faustine Naomi Dhetaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
| | - Siva Nur Salsabilla
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
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Mai S, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Organoids: A Prospective Advanced Model for Pancreatic Cancer Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1066. [PMID: 38256139 PMCID: PMC10817028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, notorious for its grim 10% five-year survival rate, poses significant clinical challenges, largely due to late-stage diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. This review delves into the generation of organoids, including those derived from resected tissues, biopsies, pluripotent stem cells, and adult stem cells, as well as the advancements in 3D printing. It explores the complexities of the tumor microenvironment, emphasizing culture media, the integration of non-neoplastic cells, and angiogenesis. Additionally, the review examines the multifaceted properties of graphene oxide (GO), such as its mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, and optical attributes, and their implications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. GO's unique properties facilitate its interaction with tumors, allowing targeted drug delivery and enhanced imaging for early detection and treatment. The integration of GO with 3D cultured organoid systems, particularly in pancreatic cancer research, is critically analyzed, highlighting current limitations and future potential. This innovative approach has the promise to transform personalized medicine, improve drug screening efficiency, and aid biomarker discovery in this aggressive disease. Through this review, we offer a balanced perspective on the advancements and future prospects in pancreatic cancer research, harnessing the potential of organoids and GO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Báez DF. Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Photothermal Therapy in Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2286. [PMID: 37765255 PMCID: PMC10535159 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNMs), specifically graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have shown great potential in cancer therapy owing to their physicochemical properties. As GO and rGO strongly absorb light in the near-infrared (NIR) region, they are useful in photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancer treatment. However, despite the structural similarities of GO and rGO, they exhibit different influences on anticancer treatment due to their different photothermal capacities. In this review, various characterization techniques used to compare the structural features of GO and rGO are first outlined. Then, a comprehensive summary and discussion of the applicability of GBNMs in the context of PTT for diverse cancer types are presented. This discussion includes the integration of PTT with secondary therapeutic strategies, with a particular focus on the photothermal capacity achieved through near-infrared irradiation parameters and the modifications implemented. Furthermore, a dedicated section is devoted to studies on hybrid magnetic-GBNMs. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with the utilization of GBNM in PTT, with a primary emphasis on the potential for clinical translation, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F. Báez
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
- Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria, Vicerrectoría Académica, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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Manikandan V, Lee NY. Reduced graphene oxide: Biofabrication and environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136934. [PMID: 36273614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of high-quality reduced graphene oxide (rGO) from agro-industrial waste resources remains attractive owing to its outstanding environmental benefits. The remarkable properties of rGO include excellent morphology, uniform particle size, good optical properties, high conductivity, nontoxicity, and extraordinary chemical stability. Traditional methods for the synthesis of rGO nanomaterials involve several chemical reactions including oxidation, carbonization, toxic solvent, and pyrolysis which produce harmful byproducts. Green preparation of rGO is an emerging area of research in graphene technology which is cost-effective and sustainable in the procedure. Owing to the uniform particle rGO particle size, these smart nanomaterials have wide applicability, including in metal ions and pollutant sensing and adsorption, photocatalysis, optoelectrical devices, medical diagnosis, and drug delivery. Here we review the physicochemical properties of rGO, the biowaste sources and green methods of rGO synthesis, and the diverse applications of rGO, including in water purification and the biomedical fields. With this review, covering more than 200 research articles published on rGO in the last eight years ending in 2022, we aim to provide a quick guide for researchers seeking up-to-date information on the properties, production, and applicability of rGO, with special attention to rGO applications in water purification and the biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velu Manikandan
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, South Korea.
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Mahmoud AED, El-Maghrabi N, Hosny M, Fawzy M. Biogenic synthesis of reduced graphene oxide from Ziziphus spina-christi (Christ's thorn jujube) extracts for catalytic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potentialities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89772-89787. [PMID: 35859234 PMCID: PMC9671977 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, various concentrations of the aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina-christi were employed for the phytoreduction of graphene oxide (GO). The green synthesized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was characterized through UV-Vis spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) denoted the presence of numerous phytoconstituents including ketones, terpenoids, fatty acids, esters, and flavonoids, which acted as reducing and capping agents. The obtained results indicated the increase in rGO yield and shape with increasing the extract concentration. The optimized rGO was instantaneously ~100% removed methylene blue (MB) from the water at 5 mg L-1. However, the removal efficiency was slightly declined to reach 73.55 and 65.1% at 10 and 15 mg L-1, respectively. A powerful antibacterial activity for rGO particularly against gram-negative bacteria with a high concentration of 2 × 108 CFU mL-1 was confirmed. Furthermore, rGO demonstrated promising and comparable antioxidant efficiency with vitamin C against DPPH free radical scavenging. While vitamin C recorded 13.45 and 48.4%, the optimized rGO attained 13.30 and 45.20% at 12 and 50 μg mL-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El Din Mahmoud
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
| | - Nourhan El-Maghrabi
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hosny
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Manal Fawzy
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- National Egyptian Biotechnology Experts Network, National Egyptian Academy for Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdelfatah AM, El-Maghrabi N, Mahmoud AED, Fawzy M. Synergetic effect of green synthesized reduced graphene oxide and nano-zero valent iron composite for the removal of doxycycline antibiotic from water. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19372. [PMID: 36371519 PMCID: PMC9652592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis of an rGO/nZVI composite was achieved for the first time using a simple and green procedure via Atriplex halimus leaves extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent to uphold the green chemistry principles such as less hazardous chemical synthesis. Several tools have been used to confirm the successful synthesis of the composite such as SEM, EDX, XPS, XRD, FTIR, and zeta potential which indicated the successful fabrication of the composite. The novel composite was compared with pristine nZVI for the removal aptitude of a doxycycline antibiotic with different initial concentrations to study the synergistic effect between rGO and nZVI. The adsorptive removal of bare nZVI was 90% using the removal conditions of 25 mg L-1, 25 °C, and 0.05 g, whereas the adsorptive removal of doxycycline by the rGO/nZVI composite reached 94.6% confirming the synergistic effect between nZVI and rGO. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second order and was well-fitted to Freundlich models with a maximum adsorption capacity of 31.61 mg g-1 at 25 °C and pH 7. A plausible mechanism for the removal of DC was suggested. Besides, the reusability of the rGO/nZVI composite was confirmed by having an efficacy of 60% after six successive cycles of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abdelfatah
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt
| | - Nourhan El-Maghrabi
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt
| | - Alaa El Din Mahmoud
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt
| | - Manal Fawzy
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt ,grid.423564.20000 0001 2165 2866National Biotechnology Network of Expertise (NBNE), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo, Egypt
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Laser empowered ‘chemo-free’ phytotherapy: Newer approach in anticancer therapeutics delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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